path: root/sbin/isakmpd/isakmpd.8

.\" $OpenBSD: isakmpd.8,v 1.32 2001/08/30 09:03:18 ho Exp $
.\" $EOM: isakmpd.8,v 1.23 2000/05/02 00:30:23 niklas Exp $
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001 Niklas Hallqvist.
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.\" Copyright (c) 1999 Angelos D. Keromytis.  All rights reserved.
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.\"	This product includes software developed by Ericsson Radio Systems.
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.\" This code was written under funding by Ericsson Radio Systems.
.\"
.\" Manual page, using -mandoc macros
.\"
.Dd July 31, 1998
.Dt ISAKMPD 8
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm isakmpd
.Nd ISAKMP/Oakley a.k.a. IKE key management daemon
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Nm isakmpd
.Op Fl c Ar config-file
.Op Fl d
.Op Fl D Ar class=level
.Op Fl f Ar fifo
.Op Fl i Ar pid-file
.Op Fl n
.Op Fl p Ar listen-port
.Op Fl P Ar local-port
.Op Fl L
.Op Fl l Ar packetlog-file
.Op Fl r Ar seed
.Op Fl R Ar report-file
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
daemon establishes security associations for encrypted
and/or authenticated network traffic.  At this moment,
and probably forever, this means
.Xr ipsec 4
traffic.
.Pp
The way
.Nm
goes about its work is by maintaining an internal configuration
as well as a policy database which describes what kinds of SAs to negotiate,
and by listening for different events that triggers these negotiations.
The events that control
.Nm
consists of negotiation initiations from a remote party, user input via
a FIFO or by signals, upcalls from the kernel via a
.Dv PF_KEY
socket, and lastly by scheduled events triggered by timers running out.
.Pp
Most uses of 
.Nm
will be to implement so called "virtual private
networks" or VPNs for short.  The
.Xr vpn 8
manual page describes how to setup 
.Nm
for a simple VPN.  For other
uses, some more knowledge of IKE as a protocol is required.  One source
of information are the RFCs mentioned below.
.Pp
The options are as follows:
.Bl -tag -width Ds
.It Fl c Ar config-file
If given, the
.Fl c
option specifies an alternate configuration file instead of
.Pa /etc/isakmpd/isakmpd.conf .
As this file may contain sensitive information, it must be readable
only by the user running the daemon.
.It Fl d
The
.Fl d
option is used to make the daemon run in the foreground, logging to stderr.
.It Xo Fl D
.Ar class Ns No = Ns Ar level
.Xc
Debugging class.
This argument is possible to specify many times.
It takes a parameter of the form
.Ar class Ns No = Ns Ar level
where both
.Ar class
and
.Ar level
are numbers.
.Ar class
denotes a debugging class, and
.Ar level
the level you want that debugging class to
limit debug printouts at (i.e., all debug printouts above the level specified
will not output anything).
If
.Ar class
is set to 'A',
then all debugging classes are set to the specified level.
.Pp
Valid values for
.Ar class
are as follows:
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width 1n -compact -offset indent
.It 0
Misc
.It 1
Transport
.It 2
Message
.It 3
Crypto
.It 4
Timer
.It 5
Sysdep
.It 6
SA
.It 7
Exchange
.It 8
Negotiation
.It 9
Policy
.It A
All
.El
.Pp
Currently used values for
.Ar level
are 0 to 99.
.It Fl f Ar fifo
The
.Fl f
option specifies the
.Tn FIFO
(a.k.a. named pipe) where the daemon listens for
user requests.
If the path given is a dash
.Pq Sq \&- ,
.Nm
will listen to stdin instead.
.It Fl i Ar pid-file
By default the PID of the daemon process will be written to
.Pa /var/run/isakmpd.pid .
This path can be overridden by specifying another one as the argument to the
.Fl i
option.
.It Fl n
When the
.Fl n
option is given, the kernel will not take part in the negotiations.
This is a non-destructive mode so to say, in that it won't alter any
SAs in the IPsec stack.
.It Fl p Ar listen-port
The
.Fl p
option specifies the listen port the daemon will bind to.
.It Fl P Ar local-port
On the other hand, the port specified to capital
.Fl P
will be what the daemon binds its local end to when acting as
initiator.
.It Fl L
Enable IKE packet capture. When this option is given, 
.Nm
will capture to file an unencrypted copy of the negotiation packets it
is sending and receiveing. This file can later be read by 
.Xr tcpdump 8
and other utilities using 
.Xr pcap 3 .
.It Fl l Ar packetlog-file
As option
.Fl L
above, but capture to a specified file.
.It Fl r Ar seed
If given a deterministic random number sequence will be used internally.
This is useful for setting up regression tests.
.It Fl R Ar report-file
When you signal
.Nm
a
.Dv SIGUSR1
it will report its internal state to a report file, normally
.Pa /var/run/isakmpd.report ,
but this can be changed by feeding
the file name as an argument to the
.Fl R
flag.
.El
.Ss Setting up an IKE public key infrastructure (a.k.a. PKI)
In order to use public key based authentication, there has to be an
infrastructure managing the key signing.  Either there is an already
existing PKI
.Nm
should take part in, or there will be a need to setup one.  In the former
case, what is needed to be done varies depending on the actual Certificate
Authority used, and is therefore not covered here, more than
mentioning that
.Xr openssl 1
needs to be used to create a certificate signing request that the
CA understands.  The latter case however is described here:
.Pp
.Bl -enum
.It
Create your own CA as root.
.Pp
.Bd -literal
# openssl genrsa -out /etc/ssl/private/ca.key 1024
# openssl req -new -key /etc/ssl/private/ca.key \\
	-out /etc/ssl/private/ca.csr
.Ed
.Pp
You are now being asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.  What you are about to enter is what is
called a Distinguished Name or a DN.  There are quite a few fields but
you can leave some blank.  For some fields there will be a default
value, if you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
.Pp
.Bd -literal
# openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in /etc/ssl/private/ca.csr \\
	-signkey /etc/ssl/private/ca.key \\
	-extfile /etc/ssl/x509v3.cnf -extensions x509v3_CA \\
	-out /etc/ssl/ca.crt
.Ed
.Pp
.It
Create keys and certificates for your IKE peers.  This step as well
as the next one, needs to be done for every peer.  Furthermore the
last step will need to be done once for each ID you want the peer
to have.  The 10.0.0.1 below symbolizes that ID, and should be
changed for each invocation.  You will be asked for a DN for each
run too.  See to encode the ID in the common name too, so it gets
unique.
.Pp
.Bd -literal
# openssl genrsa -out /etc/isakmpd/private/local.key 1024
# openssl req -new -key /etc/isakmpd/private/local.key \\
	-out /etc/isakmpd/private/10.0.0.1.csr
.Ed
.Pp
Now take these certificate signing requests to your CA and process
them like below.  You have to add some extensions to the certificate
in order to make it usable for 
.Nm isakmpd .
There are two possible ways to add the extensions to the certificate.
Either you have to to run
.Xr certpatch 8
or you have to make use of an OpenSSL configuration file, for example
.Pa /etc/ssl/x509v3.cnf .
Replace 10.0.0.1 with the IP-address which
.Nm
will be using for identity.
.Pp
For using
.Xr certpach 8 ,
do the following
.Bd -literal
# openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in 10.0.0.1.csr -CA /etc/ssl/ca.crt \\
	-CAkey /etc/ssl/private/ca.key -CAcreateserial \\
	-out 10.0.0.1.crt
# certpatch -i 10.0.0.1 -k /etc/ssl/private/ca.key \\
	10.0.0.1.crt 10.0.0.1.crt
.Ed
.Pp
Otherwise do
.Bd -literal
# setenv CERTIP 10.0.0.1
# openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in 10.0.0.1.csr -CA /etc/ssl/ca.crt \\
	-CAkey /etc/ssl/private/ca.key -CAcreateserial \\
	-extfile /etc/ssl/x509v3.cnf -extensions x509v3_IPAddr \\
	-out 10.0.0.1.crt
.Ed
.Pp
Put the certificate (the file ending in .crt) in
.Pa /etc/isakmpd/certs/
on your local system.  Also carry over the CA cert
.Pa /etc/ssl/ca.crt
and put it in
.Pa /etc/isakmpd/ca/.
.El
.Pp
It is also possible to store trusted public keys to make them directly
usable by
.Nm isakmpd .
The keys should be saved in PEM format (see 
.Xr openssl 1 )
and named and stored after this easy formula:
.Bl -tag -width for_ufqdn_identities
.It For IPv4 identities
/etc/isakmpd/pubkeys/ipv4/A.B.C.D
.It For IPv6 identities
/etc/isakmpd/pubkeys/ipv6/abcd:abcd::ab:bc
.It For FQDN identities
/etc/isakmpd/pubkeys/fqdn/foo.bar.org
.It For UFQDN identities
/etc/isakmpd/pubkeys/ufqdn/user@foo.bar.org
.El
.Sh BUGS
The
.Fl P
flag does not do what we document, rather it does nothing.
.Sh CAVEATS
When storing a trusted public key for an IPv6 identity, the 
.Em most efficient
form of address representation, i.e "::" instead of ":0:0:0:",
must be used or the matching will fail. 
.Nm
uses the output from
.Xr getnameinfo 3
for the address-to-name translation.
.Sh FILES
.Bl -tag -width /etc/isakmpd/private/local.
.It Pa /etc/isakmpd/ca/
The directory where CA certificates can be found.
.It Pa /etc/isakmpd/certs/
The directory where IKE certificates can be found, both the local
certificate(s) and those of the peers, if a choice to have them kept
permanently has been made.
.It Pa /etc/isakmpd/isakmpd.conf
The configuration file. As this file can contain sensitive information
it must not be readable by anyone but the user running
.Nm isakmpd .
.It Pa /etc/isakmpd/isakmpd.policy
The keynote policy configuration file.  The same mode 
requirements as
.Nm isakmpd.conf .
.It Pa /etc/isakmpd/private/local.key
A local private key for certificate based authentication.  There has
to be a certificate for this key in the certificate directory mentioned
above.  The same mode requirements as
.Nm isakmpd.conf .
.It Pa /etc/isakmpd/pubkeys/
Directory in which trusted public keys can be kept. The keys must be
named after a fashion described above.
.It Pa /var/run/isakmpd.pid
The PID of the current daemon.
.It Pa /var/run/isakmpd.fifo
The FIFO used to manually control
.Nm isakmpd .
.It Pa /var/run/isakmpd.pcap
The default IKE packet capture file.
.It Pa /var/run/isakmpd.report
The report file written when
.Dv SIGUSR1
is received.
.It Pa /usr/share/ipsec/isakmpd/
A directory containing some sample 
.Nm 
and keynote policy configuration files.
.El
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr ipsec 4 ,
.Xr isakmpd.conf 5 ,
.Xr isakmpd.policy 5 ,
.Xr getnameinfo 3 ,
.Xr openssl 1 ,
.Xr pcap 3 ,
.Xr photurisd 8 ,
.Xr ssl 8 ,
.Xr tcpdump 8 ,
.Xr vpn 8
.Sh HISTORY
The ISAKMP/Oakley key management protocol is described in the RFCs
.%T RFC 2407 ,
.%T RFC 2408
and
.%T RFC 2409 .
This implementation was done 1998 by Niklas Hallqvist and Niels Provos,
sponsored by Ericsson Radio Systems.