path: root/sys/dev/i2c/spdmem.c

/*	$OpenBSD: spdmem.c,v 1.26 2008/05/21 12:51:45 jsg Exp $	*/
/* $NetBSD: spdmem.c,v 1.3 2007/09/20 23:09:59 xtraeme Exp $ */

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2007 Jonathan Gray <jsg@openbsd.org>
 *
 * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
 * purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
 * copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
 * WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
 * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
 * ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
 * WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
 * ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
 * OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
 */

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2007 Nicolas Joly
 * Copyright (c) 2007 Paul Goyette
 * Copyright (c) 2007 Tobias Nygren
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 * 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
 *    derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS
 * ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
 * TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
 * PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS
 * BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
 * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
 * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
 * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
 * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
 * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
 * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

/*
 * Serial Presence Detect (SPD) memory identification
 */

#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/systm.h>
#include <sys/device.h>

#include <dev/i2c/i2cvar.h>

/* possible values for the memory type */
#define	SPDMEM_MEMTYPE_FPM		0x01
#define	SPDMEM_MEMTYPE_EDO		0x02
#define	SPDMEM_MEMTYPE_PIPE_NIBBLE	0x03
#define	SPDMEM_MEMTYPE_SDRAM		0x04
#define	SPDMEM_MEMTYPE_ROM		0x05
#define	SPDMEM_MEMTYPE_DDRSGRAM		0x06
#define	SPDMEM_MEMTYPE_DDRSDRAM		0x07
#define	SPDMEM_MEMTYPE_DDR2SDRAM	0x08
#define	SPDMEM_MEMTYPE_NONE		0xff

#define SPDMEM_MEMTYPE_DIRECT_RAMBUS	0x01
#define SPDMEM_MEMTYPE_RAMBUS		0x11

/* possible values for the supply voltage */
#define	SPDMEM_VOLTAGE_TTL_5V		0x00
#define	SPDMEM_VOLTAGE_TTL_LV		0x01
#define	SPDMEM_VOLTAGE_HSTTL_1_5V	0x02
#define	SPDMEM_VOLTAGE_SSTL_3_3V	0x03
#define	SPDMEM_VOLTAGE_SSTL_2_5V	0x04
#define	SPDMEM_VOLTAGE_SSTL_1_8V	0x05

/* possible values for module configuration */
#define	SPDMEM_MODCONFIG_PARITY		0x01
#define	SPDMEM_MODCONFIG_ECC		0x02

/* for DDR2, module configuration is a bit-mask field */
#define	SPDMEM_MODCONFIG_HAS_DATA_PARITY	0x01
#define	SPDMEM_MODCONFIG_HAS_DATA_ECC		0x02
#define	SPDMEM_MODCONFIG_HAS_ADDR_CMD_PARITY	0x04

/* possible values for the refresh field */
#define	SPDMEM_REFRESH_STD		0x00
#define	SPDMEM_REFRESH_QUARTER		0x01
#define	SPDMEM_REFRESH_HALF		0x02
#define	SPDMEM_REFRESH_TWOX		0x03
#define	SPDMEM_REFRESH_FOURX		0x04
#define	SPDMEM_REFRESH_EIGHTX		0x05
#define	SPDMEM_REFRESH_SELFREFRESH	0x80

/* superset types */
#define	SPDMEM_SUPERSET_ESDRAM		0x01
#define	SPDMEM_SUPERSET_DDR_ESDRAM	0x02
#define	SPDMEM_SUPERSET_EDO_PEM		0x03
#define	SPDMEM_SUPERSET_SDR_PEM		0x04

/* FPM and EDO DIMMS */
#define SPDMEM_FPM_ROWS			0x00
#define SPDMEM_FPM_COLS			0x01
#define SPDMEM_FPM_BANKS		0x02
#define SPDMEM_FPM_CONFIG		0x08
#define SPDMEM_FPM_REFRESH		0x09
#define SPDMEM_FPM_SUPERSET		0x0c

/* PC66/PC100/PC133 SDRAM */
#define SPDMEM_SDR_ROWS			0x00
#define SPDMEM_SDR_COLS			0x01
#define SPDMEM_SDR_BANKS		0x02
#define SPDMEM_SDR_CYCLE		0x06
#define SPDMEM_SDR_BANKS_PER_CHIP	0x0e
#define SPDMEM_SDR_MOD_ATTRIB		0x12
#define SPDMEM_SDR_SUPERSET		0x1d

#define SPDMEM_SDR_FREQUENCY		126
#define SPDMEM_SDR_CAS			127
#define SPDMEM_SDR_FREQ_66		0x66
#define SPDMEM_SDR_FREQ_100		0x64
#define SPDMEM_SDR_FREQ_133		0x85
#define SPDMEM_SDR_CAS2			(1 << 1)
#define SPDMEM_SDR_CAS3			(1 << 2)

/* Rambus Direct DRAM */
#define SPDMEM_RDR_MODULE_TYPE		0x00
#define SPDMEM_RDR_ROWS_COLS		0x01
#define SPDMEM_RDR_BANK			0x02

#define SPDMEM_RDR_TYPE_RIMM		1
#define SPDMEM_RDR_TYPE_SORIMM		2
#define SPDMEM_RDR_TYPE_EMBED		3
#define SPDMEM_RDR_TYPE_RIMM32		4

/* Dual Data Rate SDRAM */
#define SPDMEM_DDR_ROWS			0x00
#define SPDMEM_DDR_COLS			0x01
#define SPDMEM_DDR_RANKS		0x02
#define SPDMEM_DDR_DATAWIDTH		0x03
#define SPDMEM_DDR_VOLTAGE		0x05
#define SPDMEM_DDR_CYCLE		0x06
#define SPDMEM_DDR_REFRESH		0x09
#define SPDMEM_DDR_BANKS_PER_CHIP	0x0e
#define SPDMEM_DDR_CAS			0x0f
#define SPDMEM_DDR_MOD_ATTRIB		0x12
#define SPDMEM_DDR_SUPERSET		0x1d

#define SPDMEM_DDR_ATTRIB_REG		(1 << 1)

/* Dual Data Rate 2 SDRAM */
#define SPDMEM_DDR2_ROWS		0x00
#define SPDMEM_DDR2_COLS		0x01
#define SPDMEM_DDR2_RANKS		0x02
#define SPDMEM_DDR2_DATAWIDTH		0x03
#define SPDMEM_DDR2_VOLTAGE		0x05
#define SPDMEM_DDR2_CYCLE		0x06
#define SPDMEM_DDR2_DIMMTYPE		0x11
#define SPDMEM_DDR2_RANK_DENSITY	0x1c

#define SPDMEM_DDR2_TYPE_REGMASK	((1 << 4) | (1 << 0))
#define SPDMEM_DDR2_SODIMM		(1 << 2)
#define SPDMEM_DDR2_MICRO_DIMM		(1 << 3)
#define SPDMEM_DDR2_MINI_RDIMM		(1 << 4)
#define SPDMEM_DDR2_MINI_UDIMM		(1 << 5)

static const uint8_t ddr2_cycle_tenths[] = {
	0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 25, 33, 66, 75, 0, 0
};

struct spdmem {
	uint8_t sm_len;
	uint8_t sm_size;
	uint8_t sm_type;
	uint8_t sm_data[60];
	uint8_t	sm_cksum;
} __packed;

#define SPDMEM_TYPE_MAXLEN 16
struct spdmem_softc {
	struct device	sc_dev;
	i2c_tag_t	sc_tag;
	i2c_addr_t	sc_addr;
	struct spdmem	sc_spd_data;
	char		sc_type[SPDMEM_TYPE_MAXLEN];
};

int		 spdmem_match(struct device *, void *, void *);
void		 spdmem_attach(struct device *, struct device *, void *);
uint8_t		 spdmem_read(struct spdmem_softc *, uint8_t);
void		 spdmem_sdram_decode(struct spdmem_softc *, struct spdmem *);
void		 spdmem_rdr_decode(struct spdmem_softc *, struct spdmem *);
void		 spdmem_ddr_decode(struct spdmem_softc *, struct spdmem *);
void		 spdmem_ddr2_decode(struct spdmem_softc *, struct spdmem *);

struct cfattach spdmem_ca = {
	sizeof(struct spdmem_softc), spdmem_match, spdmem_attach
};

struct cfdriver spdmem_cd = {
	NULL, "spdmem", DV_DULL
};

#define IS_RAMBUS_TYPE (s->sm_len < 4)

static const char *spdmem_basic_types[] = {
	"unknown",
	"FPM",
	"EDO",
	"Pipelined Nibble",
	"SDRAM",
	"ROM",
	"DDR SGRAM",
	"DDR SDRAM",
	"DDR2 SDRAM",
	"DDR2 SDRAM FB",
	"DDR2 SDRAM FB Probe"
};

static const char *spdmem_superset_types[] = {
	"unknown",
	"ESDRAM",
	"DDR ESDRAM",
	"PEM EDO",
	"PEM SDRAM"
};

static const char *spdmem_parity_types[] = {
	"non-parity",
	"data parity",
	"ECC",
	"data parity and ECC",
	"cmd/addr parity",
	"cmd/addr/data parity",
	"cmd/addr parity, data ECC",
	"cmd/addr/data parity, data ECC"
};

int
spdmem_match(struct device *parent, void *match, void *aux)
{
	struct i2c_attach_args *ia = aux;
	
	if (strcmp(ia->ia_name, "spd") == 0)
		return (1);
	return (0);
}

void
spdmem_sdram_decode(struct spdmem_softc *sc, struct spdmem *s)
{
	const char *type;
	int dimm_size, cycle_time, d_clk, p_clk, bits;
	int num_banks, per_chip;
	uint8_t config, rows, cols;

	type = spdmem_basic_types[s->sm_type];

	if (s->sm_data[SPDMEM_SDR_SUPERSET] == SPDMEM_SUPERSET_SDR_PEM)
		type = spdmem_superset_types[SPDMEM_SUPERSET_SDR_PEM];
	if (s->sm_data[SPDMEM_SDR_SUPERSET] == SPDMEM_SUPERSET_ESDRAM)
		type = spdmem_superset_types[SPDMEM_SUPERSET_ESDRAM];

	dimm_size = 0;

	num_banks = s->sm_data[SPDMEM_SDR_BANKS];
	per_chip = s->sm_data[SPDMEM_SDR_BANKS_PER_CHIP];
	rows = s->sm_data[SPDMEM_SDR_ROWS] & 0x0f;
	cols = s->sm_data[SPDMEM_SDR_COLS] & 0x0f;
	dimm_size = (1 << (rows + cols - 17)) * num_banks * per_chip;

	if (dimm_size > 0) {
		if (dimm_size < 1024)
			printf(" %dMB", dimm_size);
		else
			printf(" %dGB", dimm_size / 1024);
	}

	printf(" %s", type);
	strlcpy(sc->sc_type, type, SPDMEM_TYPE_MAXLEN);

	if (s->sm_data[SPDMEM_DDR_MOD_ATTRIB] & SPDMEM_DDR_ATTRIB_REG)
		printf(" registered");

	if (s->sm_data[SPDMEM_FPM_CONFIG] < 8)
		printf(" %s",
		    spdmem_parity_types[s->sm_data[SPDMEM_FPM_CONFIG]]);

	/* cycle_time is expressed in units of 0.01 ns */
	cycle_time = (s->sm_data[SPDMEM_DDR_CYCLE] >> 4) * 100 +
	    (s->sm_data[SPDMEM_DDR_CYCLE] & 0x0f) * 10;

	if (cycle_time != 0) {
		/*
		 * cycle time is scaled by a factor of 100 to avoid using
		 * floating point.  Calculate memory speed as the number
		 * of cycles per microsecond.
		 */
		d_clk = 100 * 1000;
		config = s->sm_data[SPDMEM_FPM_CONFIG];
		bits = s->sm_data[SPDMEM_DDR_DATAWIDTH] |
		    (s->sm_data[SPDMEM_DDR_DATAWIDTH + 1] << 8);
		if (config == 1 || config == 2)
			bits -= 8;

		p_clk = 66;
		if (s->sm_len >= 128) {
			switch (spdmem_read(sc, SPDMEM_SDR_FREQUENCY)) {
			case SPDMEM_SDR_FREQ_100:
			case SPDMEM_SDR_FREQ_133:
				/* We need to check ns to decide here */
				if (s->sm_data[SPDMEM_SDR_CYCLE] < 0x80)
					p_clk = 133;
				else
					p_clk = 100;
				break;
			case SPDMEM_SDR_FREQ_66:
			default:
				p_clk = 66;
				break;
			}
		}
		printf(" PC%d", p_clk);
	}

	/* Print CAS latency */
	if (s->sm_len < 128)
		return;
	if (spdmem_read(sc, SPDMEM_SDR_CAS) & SPDMEM_SDR_CAS2)
		printf("CL2");
	else if (spdmem_read(sc, SPDMEM_SDR_CAS) & SPDMEM_SDR_CAS3)
		printf("CL3");
}

void
spdmem_rdr_decode(struct spdmem_softc *sc, struct spdmem *s)
{
	int rimm_size;
	uint8_t row_bits, col_bits, bank_bits;

	row_bits = s->sm_data[SPDMEM_RDR_ROWS_COLS] >> 4;
	col_bits = s->sm_data[SPDMEM_RDR_ROWS_COLS] & 0x0f;
	bank_bits = s->sm_data[SPDMEM_RDR_BANK] & 0x07;

	/* subtracting 13 here is a cheaper way of dividing by 8k later */
	rimm_size = 1 << (row_bits + col_bits + bank_bits - 13);

	if (rimm_size < 1024)
		printf(" %dMB ", rimm_size);
	else
		printf(" %dGB ", rimm_size / 1024);

	switch(s->sm_data[SPDMEM_RDR_MODULE_TYPE]) {
	case SPDMEM_RDR_TYPE_RIMM:
		printf("RIMM");
		break;
	case SPDMEM_RDR_TYPE_SORIMM:
		printf("SO-RIMM");
		break;
	case SPDMEM_RDR_TYPE_EMBED:
		printf("Embedded Rambus");
		break;
	case SPDMEM_RDR_TYPE_RIMM32:
		printf("RIMM32");
		break;
	}
}

void
spdmem_ddr_decode(struct spdmem_softc *sc, struct spdmem *s)
{
	const char *type;
	int dimm_size, cycle_time, d_clk, p_clk, bits;
	int i, num_banks, per_chip;
	uint8_t config, rows, cols, cl;

	type = spdmem_basic_types[s->sm_type];

	if (s->sm_data[SPDMEM_DDR_SUPERSET] == SPDMEM_SUPERSET_DDR_ESDRAM)
		type = spdmem_superset_types[SPDMEM_SUPERSET_DDR_ESDRAM];

	dimm_size = 0;

	num_banks = s->sm_data[SPDMEM_SDR_BANKS];
	per_chip = s->sm_data[SPDMEM_SDR_BANKS_PER_CHIP];
	rows = s->sm_data[SPDMEM_SDR_ROWS] & 0x0f;
	cols = s->sm_data[SPDMEM_SDR_COLS] & 0x0f;
	dimm_size = (1 << (rows + cols - 17)) * num_banks * per_chip;

	if (dimm_size > 0) {
		if (dimm_size < 1024)
			printf(" %dMB", dimm_size);
		else
			printf(" %dGB", dimm_size / 1024);
	}

	printf(" %s", type);
	strlcpy(sc->sc_type, type, SPDMEM_TYPE_MAXLEN);

	if (s->sm_data[SPDMEM_DDR_MOD_ATTRIB] & SPDMEM_DDR_ATTRIB_REG)
		printf(" registered");

	if (s->sm_data[SPDMEM_FPM_CONFIG] < 8)
		printf(" %s",
		    spdmem_parity_types[s->sm_data[SPDMEM_FPM_CONFIG]]);

	/* cycle_time is expressed in units of 0.01 ns */
	cycle_time = (s->sm_data[SPDMEM_DDR_CYCLE] >> 4) * 100 +
	    (s->sm_data[SPDMEM_DDR_CYCLE] & 0x0f) * 10;

	if (cycle_time != 0) {
		/*
		 * cycle time is scaled by a factor of 100 to avoid using
		 * floating point.  Calculate memory speed as the number
		 * of cycles per microsecond.
		 * DDR2 uses dual-pumped clock
		 */
		d_clk = 100 * 1000 * 2;
		config = s->sm_data[SPDMEM_FPM_CONFIG];
		bits = s->sm_data[SPDMEM_DDR_DATAWIDTH] |
		    (s->sm_data[SPDMEM_DDR_DATAWIDTH + 1] << 8);
		if (config == 1 || config == 2)
			bits -= 8;

		d_clk /= cycle_time;
		p_clk = d_clk * bits / 8;
		if ((p_clk % 100) >= 50)
			p_clk += 50;
		p_clk -= p_clk % 100;
		printf(" PC%d", p_clk);
	}

	/* Print CAS latency */
	for (i = 6; i >= 0; i--) {
		if (s->sm_data[SPDMEM_DDR_CAS] & (1 << i)) {
			cl = ((i * 10) / 2) + 10;
			printf("CL%d.%d", cl / 10, cl % 10);
			break;
		}
	}
}

void
spdmem_ddr2_decode(struct spdmem_softc *sc, struct spdmem *s)
{
	const char *type;
	int dimm_size, cycle_time, d_clk, p_clk, bits;
	int i, num_ranks, density;
	uint8_t config;

	type = spdmem_basic_types[s->sm_type];

	dimm_size = 0;

	num_ranks = (s->sm_data[SPDMEM_DDR2_RANKS] & 0x7) + 1;
	density = (s->sm_data[SPDMEM_DDR2_RANK_DENSITY] & 0xf0) |
	    ((s->sm_data[SPDMEM_DDR2_RANK_DENSITY] & 0x0f) << 8);
	dimm_size = num_ranks * density * 4;

	if (dimm_size > 0) {
		if (dimm_size < 1024)
			printf(" %dMB", dimm_size);
		else
			printf(" %dGB", dimm_size / 1024);
	}

	printf(" %s", type);
	strlcpy(sc->sc_type, type, SPDMEM_TYPE_MAXLEN);

	if (s->sm_data[SPDMEM_DDR2_DIMMTYPE] & SPDMEM_DDR2_TYPE_REGMASK)
		printf(" registered");

	if (s->sm_data[SPDMEM_FPM_CONFIG] < 8)
		printf(" %s",
		    spdmem_parity_types[s->sm_data[SPDMEM_FPM_CONFIG]]);

	/* cycle_time is expressed in units of 0.01 ns */
	cycle_time = (s->sm_data[SPDMEM_DDR2_CYCLE] >> 4) * 100 +
	    ddr2_cycle_tenths[(s->sm_data[SPDMEM_DDR2_CYCLE] & 0x0f)];

	if (cycle_time != 0) {
		/*
		 * cycle time is scaled by a factor of 100 to avoid using
		 * floating point.  Calculate memory speed as the number
		 * of cycles per microsecond.
		 * DDR2 uses quad-pumped clock
		 */
		d_clk = 100 * 1000 * 4;
		config = s->sm_data[SPDMEM_FPM_CONFIG];
		bits = s->sm_data[SPDMEM_DDR2_DATAWIDTH];
		if ((config & 0x03) != 0)
			bits -= 8;
		d_clk /= cycle_time;
		d_clk = (d_clk + 1) / 2;
		p_clk = d_clk * bits / 8;
		p_clk -= p_clk % 100;
		printf(" PC2-%d", p_clk);
	}

	/* Print CAS latency */
	for (i = 5; i >= 2; i--) {
		if (s->sm_data[SPDMEM_DDR_CAS] & (i << i)) {
			printf("CL%d", i);
			break;
		}
	}

	switch (s->sm_data[SPDMEM_DDR2_DIMMTYPE]) {
	case SPDMEM_DDR2_SODIMM:
		printf(" SO-DIMM");
		break;
	case SPDMEM_DDR2_MICRO_DIMM:
		printf(" Micro-DIMM");
		break;
	case SPDMEM_DDR2_MINI_RDIMM:
	case SPDMEM_DDR2_MINI_UDIMM:
		printf(" Mini-DIMM");
		break;
	}
}

void
spdmem_attach(struct device *parent, struct device *self, void *aux)
{
	struct spdmem_softc *sc = (struct spdmem_softc *)self;
	struct i2c_attach_args *ia = aux;
	struct spdmem *s = &(sc->sc_spd_data);
	int i;

	sc->sc_tag = ia->ia_tag;
	sc->sc_addr = ia->ia_addr;

	printf(":");

	/* All SPD have at least 64 bytes of data including checksum */
	for (i = 0; i < 64; i++) {
		((uint8_t *)s)[i] = spdmem_read(sc, i);
	}

	/*
	 * Decode and print SPD contents
	 */
	if (s->sm_len < 4) {
		if (s->sm_type == SPDMEM_MEMTYPE_DIRECT_RAMBUS)
			spdmem_rdr_decode(sc, s);
		else
			printf(" no decode method for Rambus memory");
	} else {
		switch(s->sm_type) {
		case SPDMEM_MEMTYPE_EDO:
		case SPDMEM_MEMTYPE_SDRAM:
			spdmem_sdram_decode(sc, s);
			break;
		case SPDMEM_MEMTYPE_DDRSDRAM:
			spdmem_ddr_decode(sc, s);
			break;
		case SPDMEM_MEMTYPE_DDR2SDRAM:
			spdmem_ddr2_decode(sc, s);
			break;
		case SPDMEM_MEMTYPE_NONE:
			printf(" no EEPROM found");
			break;
		default:
			if (s->sm_type <= 10)
				printf(" no decode method for %s memory",
				    spdmem_basic_types[s->sm_type]);
			else
				printf(" unknown memory type %d", s->sm_type);
			break;
		}
	}

	printf("\n");
}

uint8_t
spdmem_read(struct spdmem_softc *sc, uint8_t reg)
{
	uint8_t val = 0xff;

	iic_acquire_bus(sc->sc_tag,0);
	iic_exec(sc->sc_tag, I2C_OP_READ_WITH_STOP, sc->sc_addr,
	    &reg, sizeof reg, &val, sizeof val, 0);
	iic_release_bus(sc->sc_tag, 0);

	return val;
}