path: root/sys/uvm/uvm_fault.c

/*	$OpenBSD: uvm_fault.c,v 1.113 2021/01/19 13:21:36 mpi Exp $	*/
/*	$NetBSD: uvm_fault.c,v 1.51 2000/08/06 00:22:53 thorpej Exp $	*/

/*
 * Copyright (c) 1997 Charles D. Cranor and Washington University.
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
 * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
 * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
 * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
 * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
 * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
 * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
 * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 *
 * from: Id: uvm_fault.c,v 1.1.2.23 1998/02/06 05:29:05 chs Exp
 */

/*
 * uvm_fault.c: fault handler
 */

#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/systm.h>
#include <sys/kernel.h>
#include <sys/percpu.h>
#include <sys/proc.h>
#include <sys/malloc.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <sys/tracepoint.h>

#include <uvm/uvm.h>

/*
 *
 * a word on page faults:
 *
 * types of page faults we handle:
 *
 * CASE 1: upper layer faults                   CASE 2: lower layer faults
 *
 *    CASE 1A         CASE 1B                  CASE 2A        CASE 2B
 *    read/write1     write>1                  read/write   +-cow_write/zero
 *         |             |                         |        |
 *      +--|--+       +--|--+     +-----+       +  |  +     | +-----+
 * amap |  V  |       |  ----------->new|          |        | |  ^  |
 *      +-----+       +-----+     +-----+       +  |  +     | +--|--+
 *                                                 |        |    |
 *      +-----+       +-----+                   +--|--+     | +--|--+
 * uobj | d/c |       | d/c |                   |  V  |     +----|  |
 *      +-----+       +-----+                   +-----+       +-----+
 *
 * d/c = don't care
 *
 *   case [0]: layerless fault
 *	no amap or uobj is present.   this is an error.
 *
 *   case [1]: upper layer fault [anon active]
 *     1A: [read] or [write with anon->an_ref == 1]
 *		I/O takes place in top level anon and uobj is not touched.
 *     1B: [write with anon->an_ref > 1]
 *		new anon is alloc'd and data is copied off ["COW"]
 *
 *   case [2]: lower layer fault [uobj]
 *     2A: [read on non-NULL uobj] or [write to non-copy_on_write area]
 *		I/O takes place directly in object.
 *     2B: [write to copy_on_write] or [read on NULL uobj]
 *		data is "promoted" from uobj to a new anon.
 *		if uobj is null, then we zero fill.
 *
 * we follow the standard UVM locking protocol ordering:
 *
 * MAPS => AMAP => UOBJ => ANON => PAGE QUEUES (PQ)
 * we hold a PG_BUSY page if we unlock for I/O
 *
 *
 * the code is structured as follows:
 *
 *     - init the "IN" params in the ufi structure
 *   ReFault:
 *     - do lookups [locks maps], check protection, handle needs_copy
 *     - check for case 0 fault (error)
 *     - establish "range" of fault
 *     - if we have an amap lock it and extract the anons
 *     - if sequential advice deactivate pages behind us
 *     - at the same time check pmap for unmapped areas and anon for pages
 *	 that we could map in (and do map it if found)
 *     - check object for resident pages that we could map in
 *     - if (case 2) goto Case2
 *     - >>> handle case 1
 *           - ensure source anon is resident in RAM
 *           - if case 1B alloc new anon and copy from source
 *           - map the correct page in
 *   Case2:
 *     - >>> handle case 2
 *           - ensure source page is resident (if uobj)
 *           - if case 2B alloc new anon and copy from source (could be zero
 *		fill if uobj == NULL)
 *           - map the correct page in
 *     - done!
 *
 * note on paging:
 *   if we have to do I/O we place a PG_BUSY page in the correct object,
 * unlock everything, and do the I/O.   when I/O is done we must reverify
 * the state of the world before assuming that our data structures are
 * valid.   [because mappings could change while the map is unlocked]
 *
 *  alternative 1: unbusy the page in question and restart the page fault
 *    from the top (ReFault).   this is easy but does not take advantage
 *    of the information that we already have from our previous lookup,
 *    although it is possible that the "hints" in the vm_map will help here.
 *
 * alternative 2: the system already keeps track of a "version" number of
 *    a map.   [i.e. every time you write-lock a map (e.g. to change a
 *    mapping) you bump the version number up by one...]   so, we can save
 *    the version number of the map before we release the lock and start I/O.
 *    then when I/O is done we can relock and check the version numbers
 *    to see if anything changed.    this might save us some over 1 because
 *    we don't have to unbusy the page and may be less compares(?).
 *
 * alternative 3: put in backpointers or a way to "hold" part of a map
 *    in place while I/O is in progress.   this could be complex to
 *    implement (especially with structures like amap that can be referenced
 *    by multiple map entries, and figuring out what should wait could be
 *    complex as well...).
 *
 * we use alternative 2 currently.   maybe alternative 3 would be useful
 * in the future.    XXX keep in mind for future consideration//rechecking.
 */

/*
 * local data structures
 */
struct uvm_advice {
	int nback;
	int nforw;
};

/*
 * page range array: set up in uvmfault_init().
 */
static struct uvm_advice uvmadvice[MADV_MASK + 1];

#define UVM_MAXRANGE 16	/* must be max() of nback+nforw+1 */

/*
 * private prototypes
 */
static void uvmfault_amapcopy(struct uvm_faultinfo *);
static inline void uvmfault_anonflush(struct vm_anon **, int);
void	uvmfault_unlockmaps(struct uvm_faultinfo *, boolean_t);
void	uvmfault_update_stats(struct uvm_faultinfo *);

/*
 * inline functions
 */
/*
 * uvmfault_anonflush: try and deactivate pages in specified anons
 *
 * => does not have to deactivate page if it is busy
 */
static inline void
uvmfault_anonflush(struct vm_anon **anons, int n)
{
	int lcv;
	struct vm_page *pg;

	for (lcv = 0 ; lcv < n ; lcv++) {
		if (anons[lcv] == NULL)
			continue;
		KASSERT(rw_lock_held(anons[lcv]->an_lock));
		pg = anons[lcv]->an_page;
		if (pg && (pg->pg_flags & PG_BUSY) == 0) {
			uvm_lock_pageq();
			if (pg->wire_count == 0) {
				pmap_page_protect(pg, PROT_NONE);
				uvm_pagedeactivate(pg);
			}
			uvm_unlock_pageq();
		}
	}
}

/*
 * normal functions
 */
/*
 * uvmfault_init: compute proper values for the uvmadvice[] array.
 */
void
uvmfault_init(void)
{
	int npages;

	npages = atop(16384);
	if (npages > 0) {
		KASSERT(npages <= UVM_MAXRANGE / 2);
		uvmadvice[MADV_NORMAL].nforw = npages;
		uvmadvice[MADV_NORMAL].nback = npages - 1;
	}

	npages = atop(32768);
	if (npages > 0) {
		KASSERT(npages <= UVM_MAXRANGE / 2);
		uvmadvice[MADV_SEQUENTIAL].nforw = npages - 1;
		uvmadvice[MADV_SEQUENTIAL].nback = npages;
	}
}

/*
 * uvmfault_amapcopy: clear "needs_copy" in a map.
 *
 * => if we are out of RAM we sleep (waiting for more)
 */
static void
uvmfault_amapcopy(struct uvm_faultinfo *ufi)
{

	/* while we haven't done the job */
	while (1) {
		/* no mapping?  give up. */
		if (uvmfault_lookup(ufi, TRUE) == FALSE)
			return;

		/* copy if needed. */
		if (UVM_ET_ISNEEDSCOPY(ufi->entry))
			amap_copy(ufi->map, ufi->entry, M_NOWAIT,
				UVM_ET_ISSTACK(ufi->entry) ? FALSE : TRUE,
				ufi->orig_rvaddr, ufi->orig_rvaddr + 1);

		/* didn't work?  must be out of RAM.  sleep. */
		if (UVM_ET_ISNEEDSCOPY(ufi->entry)) {
			uvmfault_unlockmaps(ufi, TRUE);
			uvm_wait("fltamapcopy");
			continue;
		}

		/* got it! */
		uvmfault_unlockmaps(ufi, TRUE);
		return;
	}
	/*NOTREACHED*/
}

/*
 * uvmfault_anonget: get data in an anon into a non-busy, non-released
 * page in that anon.
 *
 * => we don't move the page on the queues [gets moved later]
 * => if we allocate a new page [we_own], it gets put on the queues.
 *    either way, the result is that the page is on the queues at return time
 */
int
uvmfault_anonget(struct uvm_faultinfo *ufi, struct vm_amap *amap,
    struct vm_anon *anon)
{
	boolean_t we_own;	/* we own anon's page? */
	boolean_t locked;	/* did we relock? */
	struct vm_page *pg;
	int result;

	KASSERT(rw_lock_held(anon->an_lock));
	KASSERT(anon->an_lock == amap->am_lock);

	result = 0;		/* XXX shut up gcc */
	counters_inc(uvmexp_counters, flt_anget);
        /* bump rusage counters */
	if (anon->an_page)
		curproc->p_ru.ru_minflt++;
	else
		curproc->p_ru.ru_majflt++;

	/* loop until we get it, or fail. */
	while (1) {
		we_own = FALSE;		/* TRUE if we set PG_BUSY on a page */
		pg = anon->an_page;

		/* page there?   make sure it is not busy/released. */
		if (pg) {
			KASSERT(pg->pg_flags & PQ_ANON);
			KASSERT(pg->uanon == anon);

			/*
			 * if the page is busy, we drop all the locks and
			 * try again.
			 */
			if ((pg->pg_flags & (PG_BUSY|PG_RELEASED)) == 0)
				return (VM_PAGER_OK);
			atomic_setbits_int(&pg->pg_flags, PG_WANTED);
			counters_inc(uvmexp_counters, flt_pgwait);

			/*
			 * the last unlock must be an atomic unlock+wait on
			 * the owner of page
			 */
			if (pg->uobject) {
				uvmfault_unlockall(ufi, amap, NULL);
				tsleep_nsec(pg, PVM, "anonget1", INFSLP);
			} else {
				uvmfault_unlockall(ufi, NULL, NULL);
				rwsleep_nsec(pg, anon->an_lock, PVM | PNORELOCK,
				    "anonget2", INFSLP);
			}
			/* ready to relock and try again */
		} else {
			/* no page, we must try and bring it in. */
			pg = uvm_pagealloc(NULL, 0, anon, 0);

			if (pg == NULL) {		/* out of RAM.  */
				uvmfault_unlockall(ufi, amap, NULL);
				counters_inc(uvmexp_counters, flt_noram);
				uvm_wait("flt_noram1");
				/* ready to relock and try again */
			} else {
				/* we set the PG_BUSY bit */
				we_own = TRUE;
				uvmfault_unlockall(ufi, amap, NULL);

				/*
				 * we are passing a PG_BUSY+PG_FAKE+PG_CLEAN
				 * page into the uvm_swap_get function with
				 * all data structures unlocked.  note that
				 * it is ok to read an_swslot here because
				 * we hold PG_BUSY on the page.
				 */
				counters_inc(uvmexp_counters, pageins);
				result = uvm_swap_get(pg, anon->an_swslot,
				    PGO_SYNCIO);

				/*
				 * we clean up after the i/o below in the
				 * "we_own" case
				 */
				/* ready to relock and try again */
			}
		}

		/* now relock and try again */
		locked = uvmfault_relock(ufi);
		if (locked || we_own) {
			rw_enter(anon->an_lock, RW_WRITE);
		}

		/*
		 * if we own the page (i.e. we set PG_BUSY), then we need
		 * to clean up after the I/O. there are three cases to
		 * consider:
		 *   [1] page released during I/O: free anon and ReFault.
		 *   [2] I/O not OK.   free the page and cause the fault
		 *       to fail.
		 *   [3] I/O OK!   activate the page and sync with the
		 *       non-we_own case (i.e. drop anon lock if not locked).
		 */
		if (we_own) {
			if (pg->pg_flags & PG_WANTED) {
				wakeup(pg);
			}
			/* un-busy! */
			atomic_clearbits_int(&pg->pg_flags,
			    PG_WANTED|PG_BUSY|PG_FAKE);
			UVM_PAGE_OWN(pg, NULL);

			/*
			 * if we were RELEASED during I/O, then our anon is
			 * no longer part of an amap.   we need to free the
			 * anon and try again.
			 */
			if (pg->pg_flags & PG_RELEASED) {
				pmap_page_protect(pg, PROT_NONE);
				KASSERT(anon->an_ref == 0);
				if (locked)
					uvmfault_unlockall(ufi, amap, NULL);
				uvm_anon_release(anon);	/* frees page for us */
				counters_inc(uvmexp_counters, flt_pgrele);
				return (VM_PAGER_REFAULT);	/* refault! */
			}

			if (result != VM_PAGER_OK) {
				KASSERT(result != VM_PAGER_PEND);

				/* remove page from anon */
				anon->an_page = NULL;

				/*
				 * remove the swap slot from the anon
				 * and mark the anon as having no real slot.
				 * don't free the swap slot, thus preventing
				 * it from being used again.
				 */
				uvm_swap_markbad(anon->an_swslot, 1);
				anon->an_swslot = SWSLOT_BAD;

				/*
				 * note: page was never !PG_BUSY, so it
				 * can't be mapped and thus no need to
				 * pmap_page_protect it...
				 */
				uvm_lock_pageq();
				uvm_pagefree(pg);
				uvm_unlock_pageq();

				if (locked)
					uvmfault_unlockall(ufi, amap, NULL);
				rw_exit(anon->an_lock);
				return (VM_PAGER_ERROR);
			}

			/*
			 * must be OK, clear modify (already PG_CLEAN)
			 * and activate
			 */
			pmap_clear_modify(pg);
			uvm_lock_pageq();
			uvm_pageactivate(pg);
			uvm_unlock_pageq();
		}

		/* we were not able to relock.   restart fault. */
		if (!locked) {
			if (we_own) {
				rw_exit(anon->an_lock);
			}
			return (VM_PAGER_REFAULT);
		}

		/* verify no one touched the amap and moved the anon on us. */
		if (ufi != NULL &&
		    amap_lookup(&ufi->entry->aref,
				ufi->orig_rvaddr - ufi->entry->start) != anon) {

			uvmfault_unlockall(ufi, amap, NULL);
			return (VM_PAGER_REFAULT);
		}

		/* try it again! */
		counters_inc(uvmexp_counters, flt_anretry);
		continue;

	} /* while (1) */
	/*NOTREACHED*/
}

/*
 * Update statistics after fault resolution.
 * - maxrss
 */
void
uvmfault_update_stats(struct uvm_faultinfo *ufi)
{
	struct vm_map		*map;
	struct proc		*p;
	vsize_t			 res;

	map = ufi->orig_map;

	/*
	 * If this is a nested pmap (eg, a virtual machine pmap managed
	 * by vmm(4) on amd64/i386), don't do any updating, just return.
	 *
	 * pmap_nested() on other archs is #defined to 0, so this is a
	 * no-op.
	 */
	if (pmap_nested(map->pmap))
		return;

	/* Update the maxrss for the process. */
	if (map->flags & VM_MAP_ISVMSPACE) {
		p = curproc;
		KASSERT(p != NULL && &p->p_vmspace->vm_map == map);

		res = pmap_resident_count(map->pmap);
		/* Convert res from pages to kilobytes. */
		res <<= (PAGE_SHIFT - 10);

		if (p->p_ru.ru_maxrss < res)
			p->p_ru.ru_maxrss = res;
	}
}

struct uvm_faultctx {
	/*
	 * the following members are set up by uvm_fault_check() and
	 * read-only after that.
	 */
	vm_prot_t enter_prot;
	vm_prot_t access_type;
	vaddr_t startva;
	int npages;
	int centeridx;
	boolean_t narrow;
	boolean_t wired;
	paddr_t pa_flags;
};

int	uvm_fault_lower(struct uvm_faultinfo *, struct uvm_faultctx *,
	    struct vm_page **, vm_fault_t);

/*
 * uvm_fault_check: check prot, handle needs-copy, etc.
 *
 *	1. lookup entry.
 *	2. check protection.
 *	3. adjust fault condition (mainly for simulated fault).
 *	4. handle needs-copy (lazy amap copy).
 *	5. establish range of interest for neighbor fault (aka pre-fault).
 *	6. look up anons (if amap exists).
 *	7. flush pages (if MADV_SEQUENTIAL)
 *
 * => called with nothing locked.
 * => if we fail (result != 0) we unlock everything.
 * => initialize/adjust many members of flt.
 */
int
uvm_fault_check(struct uvm_faultinfo *ufi, struct uvm_faultctx *flt,
    struct vm_anon ***ranons)
{
	struct vm_amap *amap;
	struct uvm_object *uobj;
	int nback, nforw;

	/* lookup and lock the maps */
	if (uvmfault_lookup(ufi, FALSE) == FALSE) {
		return (EFAULT);
	}

#ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
	if ((ufi->map->flags & VM_MAP_PAGEABLE) == 0)
		panic("uvm_fault: fault on non-pageable map (%p, 0x%lx)",
		    ufi->map, ufi->orig_rvaddr);
#endif

	/* check protection */
	if ((ufi->entry->protection & flt->access_type) != flt->access_type) {
		uvmfault_unlockmaps(ufi, FALSE);
		return (EACCES);
	}

	/*
	 * "enter_prot" is the protection we want to enter the page in at.
	 * for certain pages (e.g. copy-on-write pages) this protection can
	 * be more strict than ufi->entry->protection.  "wired" means either
	 * the entry is wired or we are fault-wiring the pg.
	 */

	flt->enter_prot = ufi->entry->protection;
	flt->pa_flags = UVM_ET_ISWC(ufi->entry) ? PMAP_WC : 0;
	flt->wired = VM_MAPENT_ISWIRED(ufi->entry) || (flt->narrow == TRUE);
	if (flt->wired)
		flt->access_type = flt->enter_prot; /* full access for wired */

	/* handle "needs_copy" case. */
	if (UVM_ET_ISNEEDSCOPY(ufi->entry)) {
		if ((flt->access_type & PROT_WRITE) ||
		    (ufi->entry->object.uvm_obj == NULL)) {
			/* need to clear */
			uvmfault_unlockmaps(ufi, FALSE);
			uvmfault_amapcopy(ufi);
			counters_inc(uvmexp_counters, flt_amcopy);
			return (ERESTART);
		} else {
			/*
			 * ensure that we pmap_enter page R/O since
			 * needs_copy is still true
			 */
			flt->enter_prot &= ~PROT_WRITE;
		}
	}

	/* identify the players */
	amap = ufi->entry->aref.ar_amap;	/* top layer */
	uobj = ufi->entry->object.uvm_obj;	/* bottom layer */

	/*
	 * check for a case 0 fault.  if nothing backing the entry then
	 * error now.
	 */
	if (amap == NULL && uobj == NULL) {
		uvmfault_unlockmaps(ufi, FALSE);
		return (EFAULT);
	}

	/*
	 * establish range of interest based on advice from mapper
	 * and then clip to fit map entry.   note that we only want
	 * to do this the first time through the fault.   if we
	 * ReFault we will disable this by setting "narrow" to true.
	 */
	if (flt->narrow == FALSE) {

		/* wide fault (!narrow) */
		nback = min(uvmadvice[ufi->entry->advice].nback,
		    (ufi->orig_rvaddr - ufi->entry->start) >> PAGE_SHIFT);
		flt->startva = ufi->orig_rvaddr - ((vsize_t)nback << PAGE_SHIFT);
		nforw = min(uvmadvice[ufi->entry->advice].nforw,
		    ((ufi->entry->end - ufi->orig_rvaddr) >> PAGE_SHIFT) - 1);
		/*
		 * note: "-1" because we don't want to count the
		 * faulting page as forw
		 */
		flt->npages = nback + nforw + 1;
		flt->centeridx = nback;

		flt->narrow = TRUE;	/* ensure only once per-fault */
	} else {
		/* narrow fault! */
		nback = nforw = 0;
		flt->startva = ufi->orig_rvaddr;
		flt->npages = 1;
		flt->centeridx = 0;
	}

	/* if we've got an amap, extract current anons. */
	if (amap) {
		amap_lock(amap);
		amap_lookups(&ufi->entry->aref,
		    flt->startva - ufi->entry->start, *ranons, flt->npages);
	} else {
		*ranons = NULL;	/* to be safe */
	}

	/*
	 * for MADV_SEQUENTIAL mappings we want to deactivate the back pages
	 * now and then forget about them (for the rest of the fault).
	 */
	if (ufi->entry->advice == MADV_SEQUENTIAL && nback != 0) {
		/* flush back-page anons? */
		if (amap)
			uvmfault_anonflush(*ranons, nback);

		/* flush object? */
		if (uobj) {
			voff_t uoff;

			uoff = (flt->startva - ufi->entry->start) + ufi->entry->offset;
			KERNEL_LOCK();
			(void) uobj->pgops->pgo_flush(uobj, uoff, uoff +
			    ((vsize_t)nback << PAGE_SHIFT), PGO_DEACTIVATE);
			KERNEL_UNLOCK();
		}

		/* now forget about the backpages */
		if (amap)
			*ranons += nback;
		flt->startva += ((vsize_t)nback << PAGE_SHIFT);
		flt->npages -= nback;
		flt->centeridx = 0;
	}

	return 0;
}

/*
 * uvm_fault_upper: handle upper fault (case 1A & 1B)
 *
 *	1. get anon.  let uvmfault_anonget do the dirty work.
 *	2. if COW, promote data to new anon
 *	3. enter h/w mapping
 */
int
uvm_fault_upper(struct uvm_faultinfo *ufi, struct uvm_faultctx *flt,
   struct vm_anon **anons, vm_fault_t fault_type)
{
	struct vm_amap *amap = ufi->entry->aref.ar_amap;
	struct vm_anon *oanon, *anon = anons[flt->centeridx];
	struct vm_page *pg = NULL;
	int error, ret;

	KASSERT(rw_write_held(amap->am_lock));
	KASSERT(anon->an_lock == amap->am_lock);

	/*
	 * no matter if we have case 1A or case 1B we are going to need to
	 * have the anon's memory resident.   ensure that now.
	 */
	/*
	 * let uvmfault_anonget do the dirty work.
	 * also, if it is OK, then the anon's page is on the queues.
	 */
	error = uvmfault_anonget(ufi, amap, anon);
	switch (error) {
	case VM_PAGER_OK:
		break;

	case VM_PAGER_REFAULT:
		return ERESTART;

	case VM_PAGER_ERROR:
		/*
		 * An error occured while trying to bring in the
		 * page -- this is the only error we return right
		 * now.
		 */
		return EACCES;	/* XXX */
	default:
#ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
		panic("uvm_fault: uvmfault_anonget -> %d", error);
#else
		return EACCES;
#endif
	}

	KASSERT(rw_write_held(amap->am_lock));
	KASSERT(anon->an_lock == amap->am_lock);

	/*
	 * if we are case 1B then we will need to allocate a new blank
	 * anon to transfer the data into.   note that we have a lock
	 * on anon, so no one can busy or release the page until we are done.
	 * also note that the ref count can't drop to zero here because
	 * it is > 1 and we are only dropping one ref.
	 *
	 * in the (hopefully very rare) case that we are out of RAM we
	 * will wait for more RAM, and refault.
	 *
	 * if we are out of anon VM we wait for RAM to become available.
	 */

	if ((flt->access_type & PROT_WRITE) != 0 && anon->an_ref > 1) {
		counters_inc(uvmexp_counters, flt_acow);
		oanon = anon;		/* oanon = old */
		anon = uvm_analloc();
		if (anon) {
			anon->an_lock = amap->am_lock;
			pg = uvm_pagealloc(NULL, 0, anon, 0);
		}

		/* check for out of RAM */
		if (anon == NULL || pg == NULL) {
			uvmfault_unlockall(ufi, amap, NULL);
			if (anon == NULL)
				counters_inc(uvmexp_counters, flt_noanon);
			else {
				anon->an_lock = NULL;
				anon->an_ref--;
				uvm_anfree(anon);
				counters_inc(uvmexp_counters, flt_noram);
			}

			if (uvm_swapisfull())
				return ENOMEM;

			/* out of RAM, wait for more */
			if (anon == NULL)
				uvm_anwait();
			else
				uvm_wait("flt_noram3");
			return ERESTART;
		}

		/* got all resources, replace anon with nanon */
		uvm_pagecopy(oanon->an_page, pg);	/* pg now !PG_CLEAN */
		/* un-busy! new page */
		atomic_clearbits_int(&pg->pg_flags, PG_BUSY|PG_FAKE);
		UVM_PAGE_OWN(pg, NULL);
		ret = amap_add(&ufi->entry->aref,
		    ufi->orig_rvaddr - ufi->entry->start, anon, 1);
		KASSERT(ret == 0);

		/* deref: can not drop to zero here by defn! */
		oanon->an_ref--;

		/*
		 * note: anon is _not_ locked, but we have the sole references
		 * to in from amap.
		 * thus, no one can get at it until we are done with it.
		 */
	} else {
		counters_inc(uvmexp_counters, flt_anon);
		oanon = anon;
		pg = anon->an_page;
		if (anon->an_ref > 1)     /* disallow writes to ref > 1 anons */
			flt->enter_prot = flt->enter_prot & ~PROT_WRITE;
	}

	/*
	 * now map the page in ...
	 * XXX: old fault unlocks object before pmap_enter.  this seems
	 * suspect since some other thread could blast the page out from
	 * under us between the unlock and the pmap_enter.
	 */
	if (pmap_enter(ufi->orig_map->pmap, ufi->orig_rvaddr,
	    VM_PAGE_TO_PHYS(pg) | flt->pa_flags, flt->enter_prot,
	    flt->access_type | PMAP_CANFAIL | (flt->wired ? PMAP_WIRED : 0)) != 0) {
		/*
		 * No need to undo what we did; we can simply think of
		 * this as the pmap throwing away the mapping information.
		 *
		 * We do, however, have to go through the ReFault path,
		 * as the map may change while we're asleep.
		 */
		uvmfault_unlockall(ufi, amap, NULL);
		if (uvm_swapisfull()) {
			/* XXX instrumentation */
			return ENOMEM;
		}
		/* XXX instrumentation */
		uvm_wait("flt_pmfail1");
		return ERESTART;
	}

	/* ... update the page queues. */
	uvm_lock_pageq();

	if (fault_type == VM_FAULT_WIRE) {
		uvm_pagewire(pg);
		/*
		 * since the now-wired page cannot be paged out,
		 * release its swap resources for others to use.
		 * since an anon with no swap cannot be PG_CLEAN,
		 * clear its clean flag now.
		 */
		atomic_clearbits_int(&pg->pg_flags, PG_CLEAN);
		uvm_anon_dropswap(anon);
	} else {
		/* activate it */
		uvm_pageactivate(pg);
	}

	uvm_unlock_pageq();

	/* done case 1!  finish up by unlocking everything and returning success */
	uvmfault_unlockall(ufi, amap, NULL);
	pmap_update(ufi->orig_map->pmap);
	return 0;
}

/*
 * uvm_fault_upper_lookup: look up existing h/w mapping and amap.
 *
 * iterate range of interest:
 *      1. check if h/w mapping exists.  if yes, we don't care
 *      2. check if anon exists.  if not, page is lower.
 *      3. if anon exists, enter h/w mapping for neighbors.
 */
boolean_t
uvm_fault_upper_lookup(struct uvm_faultinfo *ufi,
    const struct uvm_faultctx *flt, struct vm_anon **anons,
    struct vm_page **pages)
{
	struct vm_amap *amap = ufi->entry->aref.ar_amap;
	struct vm_anon *anon;
	boolean_t shadowed;
	vaddr_t currva;
	paddr_t pa;
	int lcv;

	/*
	 * map in the backpages and frontpages we found in the amap in hopes
	 * of preventing future faults.    we also init the pages[] array as
	 * we go.
	 */
	currva = flt->startva;
	shadowed = FALSE;
	for (lcv = 0 ; lcv < flt->npages ; lcv++, currva += PAGE_SIZE) {
		/*
		 * dont play with VAs that are already mapped
		 * except for center)
		 */
		if (lcv != flt->centeridx &&
		    pmap_extract(ufi->orig_map->pmap, currva, &pa)) {
			pages[lcv] = PGO_DONTCARE;
			continue;
		}

		/* unmapped or center page. check if any anon at this level. */
		if (amap == NULL || anons[lcv] == NULL) {
			pages[lcv] = NULL;
			continue;
		}

		/* check for present page and map if possible. re-activate it */
		pages[lcv] = PGO_DONTCARE;
		if (lcv == flt->centeridx) {	/* save center for later! */
			shadowed = TRUE;
			continue;
		}
		anon = anons[lcv];
		KASSERT(anon->an_lock == amap->am_lock);
		if (anon->an_page &&
		    (anon->an_page->pg_flags & (PG_RELEASED|PG_BUSY)) == 0) {
			uvm_lock_pageq();
			uvm_pageactivate(anon->an_page);	/* reactivate */
			uvm_unlock_pageq();
			counters_inc(uvmexp_counters, flt_namap);

			/*
			 * Since this isn't the page that's actually faulting,
			 * ignore pmap_enter() failures; it's not critical
			 * that we enter these right now.
			 */
			(void) pmap_enter(ufi->orig_map->pmap, currva,
			    VM_PAGE_TO_PHYS(anon->an_page) | flt->pa_flags,
			    (anon->an_ref > 1) ?
			    (flt->enter_prot & ~PROT_WRITE) : flt->enter_prot,
			    PMAP_CANFAIL |
			     (VM_MAPENT_ISWIRED(ufi->entry) ? PMAP_WIRED : 0));
		}
	}
	if (flt->npages > 1)
		pmap_update(ufi->orig_map->pmap);

	return shadowed;
}

/*
 *   F A U L T   -   m a i n   e n t r y   p o i n t
 */

/*
 * uvm_fault: page fault handler
 *
 * => called from MD code to resolve a page fault
 * => VM data structures usually should be unlocked.   however, it is
 *	possible to call here with the main map locked if the caller
 *	gets a write lock, sets it recursive, and then calls us (c.f.
 *	uvm_map_pageable).   this should be avoided because it keeps
 *	the map locked off during I/O.
 */
#define MASK(entry)     (UVM_ET_ISCOPYONWRITE(entry) ? \
			 ~PROT_WRITE : PROT_MASK)
int
uvm_fault(vm_map_t orig_map, vaddr_t vaddr, vm_fault_t fault_type,
    vm_prot_t access_type)
{
	struct uvm_faultinfo ufi;
	struct uvm_faultctx flt;
	boolean_t shadowed;
	struct vm_anon *anons_store[UVM_MAXRANGE], **anons;
	struct vm_page *pages[UVM_MAXRANGE];
	int error = ERESTART;

	counters_inc(uvmexp_counters, faults);
	TRACEPOINT(uvm, fault, vaddr, fault_type, access_type, NULL);

	/* init the IN parameters in the ufi */
	ufi.orig_map = orig_map;
	ufi.orig_rvaddr = trunc_page(vaddr);
	ufi.orig_size = PAGE_SIZE;	/* can't get any smaller than this */
	if (fault_type == VM_FAULT_WIRE)
		flt.narrow = TRUE;	/* don't look for neighborhood
					 * pages on wire */
	else
		flt.narrow = FALSE;	/* normal fault */
	flt.access_type = access_type;


	/*
	 * ReFault
	 */
	while (error == ERESTART) {
		anons = anons_store;

		error = uvm_fault_check(&ufi, &flt, &anons);
		if (error != 0)
			continue;

		/* True if there is an anon at the faulting address */
		shadowed = uvm_fault_upper_lookup(&ufi, &flt, anons, pages);
		if (shadowed == TRUE) {
			/* case 1: fault on an anon in our amap */
			error = uvm_fault_upper(&ufi, &flt, anons, fault_type);
		} else {
			/* case 2: fault on backing object or zero fill */
			KERNEL_LOCK();
			error = uvm_fault_lower(&ufi, &flt, pages, fault_type);
			KERNEL_UNLOCK();
		}
	}

	return error;
}

int
uvm_fault_lower(struct uvm_faultinfo *ufi, struct uvm_faultctx *flt,
   struct vm_page **pages, vm_fault_t fault_type)
{
	struct vm_amap *amap = ufi->entry->aref.ar_amap;
	struct uvm_object *uobj = ufi->entry->object.uvm_obj;
	boolean_t promote, locked;
	int result, lcv, gotpages;
	struct vm_page *uobjpage, *pg = NULL;
	struct vm_anon *anon = NULL;
	vaddr_t currva;
	voff_t uoff;

	/*
	 * if the desired page is not shadowed by the amap and we have a
	 * backing object, then we check to see if the backing object would
	 * prefer to handle the fault itself (rather than letting us do it
	 * with the usual pgo_get hook).  the backing object signals this by
	 * providing a pgo_fault routine.
	 */
	if (uobj != NULL && uobj->pgops->pgo_fault != NULL) {
		result = uobj->pgops->pgo_fault(ufi, flt->startva, pages,
		    flt->npages, flt->centeridx, fault_type, flt->access_type,
		    PGO_LOCKED);

		if (result == VM_PAGER_OK)
			return (0);		/* pgo_fault did pmap enter */
		else if (result == VM_PAGER_REFAULT)
			return ERESTART;	/* try again! */
		else
			return (EACCES);
	}

	/*
	 * now, if the desired page is not shadowed by the amap and we have
	 * a backing object that does not have a special fault routine, then
	 * we ask (with pgo_get) the object for resident pages that we care
	 * about and attempt to map them in.  we do not let pgo_get block
	 * (PGO_LOCKED).
	 *
	 * ("get" has the option of doing a pmap_enter for us)
	 */
	if (uobj != NULL) {
		counters_inc(uvmexp_counters, flt_lget);
		gotpages = flt->npages;
		(void) uobj->pgops->pgo_get(uobj, ufi->entry->offset +
				(flt->startva - ufi->entry->start),
				pages, &gotpages, flt->centeridx,
				flt->access_type & MASK(ufi->entry),
				ufi->entry->advice, PGO_LOCKED);

		/* check for pages to map, if we got any */
		uobjpage = NULL;
		if (gotpages) {
			currva = flt->startva;
			for (lcv = 0 ; lcv < flt->npages ;
			    lcv++, currva += PAGE_SIZE) {
				if (pages[lcv] == NULL ||
				    pages[lcv] == PGO_DONTCARE)
					continue;

				KASSERT((pages[lcv]->pg_flags & PG_RELEASED) == 0);

				/*
				 * if center page is resident and not
				 * PG_BUSY, then pgo_get made it PG_BUSY
				 * for us and gave us a handle to it.
				 * remember this page as "uobjpage."
				 * (for later use).
				 */
				if (lcv == flt->centeridx) {
					uobjpage = pages[lcv];
					continue;
				}

				/*
				 * note: calling pgo_get with locked data
				 * structures returns us pages which are
				 * neither busy nor released, so we don't
				 * need to check for this.   we can just
				 * directly enter the page (after moving it
				 * to the head of the active queue [useful?]).
				 */

				uvm_lock_pageq();
				uvm_pageactivate(pages[lcv]);	/* reactivate */
				uvm_unlock_pageq();
				counters_inc(uvmexp_counters, flt_nomap);

				/*
				 * Since this page isn't the page that's
				 * actually faulting, ignore pmap_enter()
				 * failures; it's not critical that we
				 * enter these right now.
				 */
				(void) pmap_enter(ufi->orig_map->pmap, currva,
				    VM_PAGE_TO_PHYS(pages[lcv]) | flt->pa_flags,
				    flt->enter_prot & MASK(ufi->entry),
				    PMAP_CANFAIL |
				     (flt->wired ? PMAP_WIRED : 0));

				/*
				 * NOTE: page can't be PG_WANTED because
				 * we've held the lock the whole time
				 * we've had the handle.
				 */
				atomic_clearbits_int(&pages[lcv]->pg_flags,
				    PG_BUSY);
				UVM_PAGE_OWN(pages[lcv], NULL);
			}	/* for "lcv" loop */
			pmap_update(ufi->orig_map->pmap);
		}   /* "gotpages" != 0 */
		/* note: object still _locked_ */
	} else {
		uobjpage = NULL;
	}

	/*
	 * note that at this point we are done with any front or back pages.
	 * we are now going to focus on the center page (i.e. the one we've
	 * faulted on).  if we have faulted on the bottom (uobj)
	 * layer [i.e. case 2] and the page was both present and available,
	 * then we've got a pointer to it as "uobjpage" and we've already
	 * made it BUSY.
	 */

	/*
	 * note that uobjpage can not be PGO_DONTCARE at this point.  we now
	 * set uobjpage to PGO_DONTCARE if we are doing a zero fill.  if we
	 * have a backing object, check and see if we are going to promote
	 * the data up to an anon during the fault.
	 */
	if (uobj == NULL) {
		uobjpage = PGO_DONTCARE;
		promote = TRUE;		/* always need anon here */
	} else {
		KASSERT(uobjpage != PGO_DONTCARE);
		promote = (flt->access_type & PROT_WRITE) &&
		     UVM_ET_ISCOPYONWRITE(ufi->entry);
	}

	/*
	 * if uobjpage is not null then we do not need to do I/O to get the
	 * uobjpage.
	 *
	 * if uobjpage is null, then we need to ask the pager to
	 * get the data for us.   once we have the data, we need to reverify
	 * the state the world.   we are currently not holding any resources.
	 */
	if (uobjpage) {
		/* update rusage counters */
		curproc->p_ru.ru_minflt++;
	} else {
		/* update rusage counters */
		curproc->p_ru.ru_majflt++;

		uvmfault_unlockall(ufi, amap, NULL);

		counters_inc(uvmexp_counters, flt_get);
		gotpages = 1;
		uoff = (ufi->orig_rvaddr - ufi->entry->start) + ufi->entry->offset;
		result = uobj->pgops->pgo_get(uobj, uoff, &uobjpage, &gotpages,
		    0, flt->access_type & MASK(ufi->entry), ufi->entry->advice,
		    PGO_SYNCIO);

		/* recover from I/O */
		if (result != VM_PAGER_OK) {
			KASSERT(result != VM_PAGER_PEND);

			if (result == VM_PAGER_AGAIN) {
				tsleep_nsec(&nowake, PVM, "fltagain2",
				    SEC_TO_NSEC(1));
				return ERESTART;
			}

			if (!UVM_ET_ISNOFAULT(ufi->entry))
				return (EIO);

			uobjpage = PGO_DONTCARE;
			promote = TRUE;
		}

		/* re-verify the state of the world.  */
		locked = uvmfault_relock(ufi);
		if (locked && amap != NULL)
			amap_lock(amap);

		/*
		 * Re-verify that amap slot is still free. if there is
		 * a problem, we clean up.
		 */
		if (locked && amap && amap_lookup(&ufi->entry->aref,
		      ufi->orig_rvaddr - ufi->entry->start)) {
			if (locked)
				uvmfault_unlockall(ufi, amap, NULL);
			locked = FALSE;
		}

		/* didn't get the lock?   release the page and retry. */
		if (locked == FALSE && uobjpage != PGO_DONTCARE) {
			uvm_lock_pageq();
			/* make sure it is in queues */
			uvm_pageactivate(uobjpage);
			uvm_unlock_pageq();

			if (uobjpage->pg_flags & PG_WANTED)
				/* still holding object lock */
				wakeup(uobjpage);
			atomic_clearbits_int(&uobjpage->pg_flags,
			    PG_BUSY|PG_WANTED);
			UVM_PAGE_OWN(uobjpage, NULL);
			return ERESTART;
		}
		if (locked == FALSE)
			return ERESTART;

		/*
		 * we have the data in uobjpage which is PG_BUSY
		 */
	}

	/*
	 * notes:
	 *  - at this point uobjpage can not be NULL
	 *  - at this point uobjpage could be PG_WANTED (handle later)
	 */
	if (promote == FALSE) {
		/*
		 * we are not promoting.   if the mapping is COW ensure that we
		 * don't give more access than we should (e.g. when doing a read
		 * fault on a COPYONWRITE mapping we want to map the COW page in
		 * R/O even though the entry protection could be R/W).
		 *
		 * set "pg" to the page we want to map in (uobjpage, usually)
		 */
		counters_inc(uvmexp_counters, flt_obj);
		if (UVM_ET_ISCOPYONWRITE(ufi->entry))
			flt->enter_prot &= ~PROT_WRITE;
		pg = uobjpage;		/* map in the actual object */

		/* assert(uobjpage != PGO_DONTCARE) */

		/*
		 * we are faulting directly on the page.
		 */
	} else {
		/*
		 * if we are going to promote the data to an anon we
		 * allocate a blank anon here and plug it into our amap.
		 */
#ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
		if (amap == NULL)
			panic("uvm_fault: want to promote data, but no anon");
#endif

		anon = uvm_analloc();
		if (anon) {
			/*
			 * In `Fill in data...' below, if
			 * uobjpage == PGO_DONTCARE, we want
			 * a zero'd, dirty page, so have
			 * uvm_pagealloc() do that for us.
			 */
			anon->an_lock = amap->am_lock;
			pg = uvm_pagealloc(NULL, 0, anon,
			    (uobjpage == PGO_DONTCARE) ? UVM_PGA_ZERO : 0);
		}

		/*
		 * out of memory resources?
		 */
		if (anon == NULL || pg == NULL) {
			/* arg!  must unbusy our page and fail or sleep. */
			if (uobjpage != PGO_DONTCARE) {
				uvm_lock_pageq();
				uvm_pageactivate(uobjpage);
				uvm_unlock_pageq();

				if (uobjpage->pg_flags & PG_WANTED)
					wakeup(uobjpage);
				atomic_clearbits_int(&uobjpage->pg_flags,
				    PG_BUSY|PG_WANTED);
				UVM_PAGE_OWN(uobjpage, NULL);
			}

			/* unlock and fail ... */
			uvmfault_unlockall(ufi, amap, uobj);
			if (anon == NULL)
				counters_inc(uvmexp_counters, flt_noanon);
			else {
				anon->an_lock = NULL;
				anon->an_ref--;
				uvm_anfree(anon);
				counters_inc(uvmexp_counters, flt_noram);
			}

			if (uvm_swapisfull())
				return (ENOMEM);

			/* out of RAM, wait for more */
			if (anon == NULL)
				uvm_anwait();
			else
				uvm_wait("flt_noram5");
			return ERESTART;
		}

		/* fill in the data */
		if (uobjpage != PGO_DONTCARE) {
			counters_inc(uvmexp_counters, flt_prcopy);
			/* copy page [pg now dirty] */
			uvm_pagecopy(uobjpage, pg);

			/*
			 * promote to shared amap?  make sure all sharing
			 * procs see it
			 */
			if ((amap_flags(amap) & AMAP_SHARED) != 0) {
				pmap_page_protect(uobjpage, PROT_NONE);
				}

			/* dispose of uobjpage. drop handle to uobj as well. */
			if (uobjpage->pg_flags & PG_WANTED)
				wakeup(uobjpage);
			atomic_clearbits_int(&uobjpage->pg_flags,
			    PG_BUSY|PG_WANTED);
			UVM_PAGE_OWN(uobjpage, NULL);
			uvm_lock_pageq();
			uvm_pageactivate(uobjpage);
			uvm_unlock_pageq();
			uobj = NULL;
		} else {
			counters_inc(uvmexp_counters, flt_przero);
			/*
			 * Page is zero'd and marked dirty by uvm_pagealloc()
			 * above.
			 */
		}

		if (amap_add(&ufi->entry->aref,
		    ufi->orig_rvaddr - ufi->entry->start, anon, 0)) {
			uvmfault_unlockall(ufi, amap, NULL);
			uvm_anfree(anon);
			counters_inc(uvmexp_counters, flt_noamap);

			if (uvm_swapisfull())
				return (ENOMEM);

			amap_populate(&ufi->entry->aref,
			    ufi->orig_rvaddr - ufi->entry->start);
			return ERESTART;
		}
	}

	/* note: pg is either the uobjpage or the new page in the new anon */
	/*
	 * all resources are present.   we can now map it in and free our
	 * resources.
	 */
	if (amap == NULL)
		KASSERT(anon == NULL);
	else {
		KASSERT(rw_write_held(amap->am_lock));
		KASSERT(anon == NULL || anon->an_lock == amap->am_lock);
	}
	if (pmap_enter(ufi->orig_map->pmap, ufi->orig_rvaddr,
	    VM_PAGE_TO_PHYS(pg) | flt->pa_flags, flt->enter_prot,
	    flt->access_type | PMAP_CANFAIL | (flt->wired ? PMAP_WIRED : 0)) != 0) {
		/*
		 * No need to undo what we did; we can simply think of
		 * this as the pmap throwing away the mapping information.
		 *
		 * We do, however, have to go through the ReFault path,
		 * as the map may change while we're asleep.
		 */
		if (pg->pg_flags & PG_WANTED)
			wakeup(pg);

		atomic_clearbits_int(&pg->pg_flags, PG_BUSY|PG_FAKE|PG_WANTED);
		UVM_PAGE_OWN(pg, NULL);
		uvmfault_unlockall(ufi, amap, uobj);
		if (uvm_swapisfull()) {
			/* XXX instrumentation */
			return (ENOMEM);
		}
		/* XXX instrumentation */
		uvm_wait("flt_pmfail2");
		return ERESTART;
	}

	uvm_lock_pageq();

	if (fault_type == VM_FAULT_WIRE) {
		uvm_pagewire(pg);
		if (pg->pg_flags & PQ_AOBJ) {
			/*
			 * since the now-wired page cannot be paged out,
			 * release its swap resources for others to use.
			 * since an aobj page with no swap cannot be PG_CLEAN,
			 * clear its clean flag now.
			 */
			atomic_clearbits_int(&pg->pg_flags, PG_CLEAN);
			uao_dropswap(uobj, pg->offset >> PAGE_SHIFT);
		}
	} else {
		/* activate it */
		uvm_pageactivate(pg);
	}
	uvm_unlock_pageq();

	if (pg->pg_flags & PG_WANTED)
		wakeup(pg);

	atomic_clearbits_int(&pg->pg_flags, PG_BUSY|PG_FAKE|PG_WANTED);
	UVM_PAGE_OWN(pg, NULL);
	uvmfault_unlockall(ufi, amap, uobj);
	pmap_update(ufi->orig_map->pmap);

	return (0);
}


/*
 * uvm_fault_wire: wire down a range of virtual addresses in a map.
 *
 * => map may be read-locked by caller, but MUST NOT be write-locked.
 * => if map is read-locked, any operations which may cause map to
 *	be write-locked in uvm_fault() must be taken care of by
 *	the caller.  See uvm_map_pageable().
 */
int
uvm_fault_wire(vm_map_t map, vaddr_t start, vaddr_t end, vm_prot_t access_type)
{
	vaddr_t va;
	int rv;

	/*
	 * now fault it in a page at a time.   if the fault fails then we have
	 * to undo what we have done.   note that in uvm_fault PROT_NONE
	 * is replaced with the max protection if fault_type is VM_FAULT_WIRE.
	 */
	for (va = start ; va < end ; va += PAGE_SIZE) {
		rv = uvm_fault(map, va, VM_FAULT_WIRE, access_type);
		if (rv) {
			if (va != start) {
				uvm_fault_unwire(map, start, va);
			}
			return (rv);
		}
	}

	return (0);
}

/*
 * uvm_fault_unwire(): unwire range of virtual space.
 */
void
uvm_fault_unwire(vm_map_t map, vaddr_t start, vaddr_t end)
{

	vm_map_lock_read(map);
	uvm_fault_unwire_locked(map, start, end);
	vm_map_unlock_read(map);
}

/*
 * uvm_fault_unwire_locked(): the guts of uvm_fault_unwire().
 *
 * => map must be at least read-locked.
 */
void
uvm_fault_unwire_locked(vm_map_t map, vaddr_t start, vaddr_t end)
{
	vm_map_entry_t entry, next;
	pmap_t pmap = vm_map_pmap(map);
	vaddr_t va;
	paddr_t pa;
	struct vm_page *pg;

	KASSERT((map->flags & VM_MAP_INTRSAFE) == 0);

	/*
	 * we assume that the area we are unwiring has actually been wired
	 * in the first place.   this means that we should be able to extract
	 * the PAs from the pmap.   we also lock out the page daemon so that
	 * we can call uvm_pageunwire.
	 */
	uvm_lock_pageq();

	/* find the beginning map entry for the region. */
	KASSERT(start >= vm_map_min(map) && end <= vm_map_max(map));
	if (uvm_map_lookup_entry(map, start, &entry) == FALSE)
		panic("uvm_fault_unwire_locked: address not in map");

	for (va = start; va < end ; va += PAGE_SIZE) {
		if (pmap_extract(pmap, va, &pa) == FALSE)
			continue;

		/* find the map entry for the current address. */
		KASSERT(va >= entry->start);
		while (va >= entry->end) {
			next = RBT_NEXT(uvm_map_addr, entry);
			KASSERT(next != NULL && next->start <= entry->end);
			entry = next;
		}

		/* if the entry is no longer wired, tell the pmap. */
		if (VM_MAPENT_ISWIRED(entry) == 0)
			pmap_unwire(pmap, va);

		pg = PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE(pa);
		if (pg)
			uvm_pageunwire(pg);
	}

	uvm_unlock_pageq();
}

/*
 * uvmfault_unlockmaps: unlock the maps
 */
void
uvmfault_unlockmaps(struct uvm_faultinfo *ufi, boolean_t write_locked)
{
	/*
	 * ufi can be NULL when this isn't really a fault,
	 * but merely paging in anon data.
	 */
	if (ufi == NULL) {
		return;
	}

	uvmfault_update_stats(ufi);
	if (write_locked) {
		vm_map_unlock(ufi->map);
	} else {
		vm_map_unlock_read(ufi->map);
	}
}

/*
 * uvmfault_unlockall: unlock everything passed in.
 *
 * => maps must be read-locked (not write-locked).
 */
void
uvmfault_unlockall(struct uvm_faultinfo *ufi, struct vm_amap *amap,
    struct uvm_object *uobj)
{
	if (amap != NULL)
		amap_unlock(amap);
	uvmfault_unlockmaps(ufi, FALSE);
}

/*
 * uvmfault_lookup: lookup a virtual address in a map
 *
 * => caller must provide a uvm_faultinfo structure with the IN
 *	params properly filled in
 * => we will lookup the map entry (handling submaps) as we go
 * => if the lookup is a success we will return with the maps locked
 * => if "write_lock" is TRUE, we write_lock the map, otherwise we only
 *	get a read lock.
 * => note that submaps can only appear in the kernel and they are
 *	required to use the same virtual addresses as the map they
 *	are referenced by (thus address translation between the main
 *	map and the submap is unnecessary).
 */

boolean_t
uvmfault_lookup(struct uvm_faultinfo *ufi, boolean_t write_lock)
{
	vm_map_t tmpmap;

	/* init ufi values for lookup. */
	ufi->map = ufi->orig_map;
	ufi->size = ufi->orig_size;

	/*
	 * keep going down levels until we are done.   note that there can
	 * only be two levels so we won't loop very long.
	 */
	while (1) {
		if (ufi->orig_rvaddr < ufi->map->min_offset ||
		    ufi->orig_rvaddr >= ufi->map->max_offset)
			return(FALSE);

		/* lock map */
		if (write_lock) {
			vm_map_lock(ufi->map);
		} else {
			vm_map_lock_read(ufi->map);
		}

		/* lookup */
		if (!uvm_map_lookup_entry(ufi->map, ufi->orig_rvaddr,
		    &ufi->entry)) {
			uvmfault_unlockmaps(ufi, write_lock);
			return(FALSE);
		}

		/* reduce size if necessary */
		if (ufi->entry->end - ufi->orig_rvaddr < ufi->size)
			ufi->size = ufi->entry->end - ufi->orig_rvaddr;

		/*
		 * submap?    replace map with the submap and lookup again.
		 * note: VAs in submaps must match VAs in main map.
		 */
		if (UVM_ET_ISSUBMAP(ufi->entry)) {
			tmpmap = ufi->entry->object.sub_map;
			uvmfault_unlockmaps(ufi, write_lock);
			ufi->map = tmpmap;
			continue;
		}

		/* got it! */
		ufi->mapv = ufi->map->timestamp;
		return(TRUE);

	}
	/*NOTREACHED*/
}

/*
 * uvmfault_relock: attempt to relock the same version of the map
 *
 * => fault data structures should be unlocked before calling.
 * => if a success (TRUE) maps will be locked after call.
 */
boolean_t
uvmfault_relock(struct uvm_faultinfo *ufi)
{
	/*
	 * ufi can be NULL when this isn't really a fault,
	 * but merely paging in anon data.
	 */
	if (ufi == NULL) {
		return TRUE;
	}

	counters_inc(uvmexp_counters, flt_relck);

	/*
	 * relock map.   fail if version mismatch (in which case nothing
	 * gets locked).
	 */
	vm_map_lock_read(ufi->map);
	if (ufi->mapv != ufi->map->timestamp) {
		vm_map_unlock_read(ufi->map);
		return(FALSE);
	}

	counters_inc(uvmexp_counters, flt_relckok);
	return(TRUE);		/* got it! */
}