path: root/usr.bin/jot/jot.1

.\"	$OpenBSD: jot.1,v 1.7 2001/07/20 19:09:45 mpech Exp $
.\"	$NetBSD: jot.1,v 1.2 1994/11/14 20:27:36 jtc Exp $
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 1993
.\"	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
.\"
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
.\"	This product includes software developed by the University of
.\"	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
.\"    without specific prior written permission.
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.\"	@(#)jot.1	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93
.\"
.Dd June 6, 1993
.Dt JOT 1
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm jot
.Nd print sequential or random data
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Nm jot
.Op Fl cnr
.Op Fl b Ar word
.Op Fl w Ar word
.Op Fl s Ar string
.Op Fl p Ar precision
.Oo Ar reps Oo Ar begin Oo Ar end
.Oo Ar s Oc Oc Oc Oc
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm
is used to print out increasing, decreasing, random,
or redundant data, usually numbers, one per line.
.Pp
The options are as follows:
.Bl -tag -width Ds
.It Fl r
Generate random data instead of sequential data, the default.
.It Fl b Ar word
Just print
.Ar word
repetitively.
.It Fl w Ar word
Print
.Ar word
with the generated data appended to it.
Octal, hexadecimal, exponential, ASCII, zero-padded,
and right-adjusted representations
are possible by using the appropriate
.Xr printf 3
conversion specification inside
.Ar word ,
in which case the data is inserted rather than appended.
.It Fl c
This is an abbreviation for
.Fl w Ic %c .
.It Fl s Ar string
Print data separated by
.Ar string .
Normally, newlines separate data.
.It Fl n
Do not print the final newline normally appended to the output.
.It Fl p Ar precision
Print only as many digits or characters of the data
as indicated by the integer
.Ar precision .
In the absence of
.Fl p ,
the precision is the greater of the numbers
.Ar begin
and
.Ar end .
The
.Fl p
option is overridden by whatever appears in a
.Xr printf 3
conversion following
.Fl w .
.El
.Pp
The last four arguments indicate, respectively,
the number of data, the lower bound, the upper bound,
and the step size or, for random data, the seed.
While at least one of them must appear,
any of the other three may be omitted, and
will be considered as such if given as
.Ql - .
Any three of these arguments determines the fourth.
If four are specified and the given and computed values of
.Ar reps
conflict, the lower value is used.
If fewer than three are specified, defaults are assigned
left to right, except for
.Ar s ,
which assumes its default unless both
.Ar begin
and
.Ar end
are given.
.Pp
Defaults for the four arguments are, respectively,
100, 1, 100, and 1, except that when random data are requested,
.Ar s
defaults to a seed depending upon the time of day.
.Ar reps
is expected to be an unsigned integer,
and if given as zero is taken to be infinite.
.Ar begin
and
.Ar end
may be given as real numbers or as characters
representing the corresponding value in ASCII.
The last argument must be a real number.
.Pp
Random numbers are obtained through
.Xr random 3 .
The name
.Nm
derives in part from
.Xr iota ,
a function in APL.
.Sh EXAMPLES
The command
.Pp
.Dl jot 21 \-1 1.00
.Pp
prints 21 evenly spaced numbers increasing from \-1 to 1.
The ASCII character set is generated with
.Pp
.Dl jot \-c 128 0
.Pp
and the strings xaa through xaz with
.Pp
.Dl jot \-w xa%c 26 a
.Pp
while 20 random 8-letter strings are produced with
.Pp
.Dl "jot \-r \-c 160 a z | rs \-g 0 8"
.Pp
Infinitely many
.Xr yes 1 's
may be obtained through
.Pp
.Dl jot \-b yes 0
.Pp
and thirty
.Xr ed 1
substitution commands applying to lines 2, 7, 12, etc. is
the result of
.Pp
.Dl jot \-w %ds/old/new/ 30 2 \- 5
.Pp
The stuttering sequence 9, 9, 8, 8, 7, etc. can be
produced by suitable choice of precision and step size,
as in
.Pp
.Dl jot 0 9 \- \-.5
.Pp
and a file containing exactly 1024 bytes is created with
.Pp
.Dl jot \-b x 512 > block
.Pp
Finally, to set tabs four spaces apart starting
from column 10 and ending in column 132, use
.Pp
.Dl expand \-\`jot \-s, \- 10 132 4\`
.Pp
and to print all lines 80 characters or longer,
.Pp
.Dl grep \`jot \-s \&"\&" \-b . 80\`
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr ed 1 ,
.Xr expand 1 ,
.Xr rs 1 ,
.Xr yes 1 ,
.Xr printf 3 ,
.Xr random 3 ,