path: root/usr.bin/rdist/rdist.1

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.\"	$From: rdist.man,v 6.34 1996/01/29 22:37:19 mcooper Exp $
.\"	@(#)rdist.1	6.6 (Berkeley) 5/13/86
.\"
.Dd May 9, 2002
.Dt RDIST 1
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm rdist
.Nd remote file distribution client program
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Nm rdist
.Bk -words
.Op Fl DFn
.Op Fl A Ar num
.Op Fl a Ar num
.Op Fl d Ar var=value
.Op Fl l Ar <local logopts>
.Op Fl L Ar <remote logopts>
.Op Fl f Ar distfile
.Op Fl M Ar maxproc
.Op Fl m Ar host
.Op Fl o Ar distopts
.Op Fl t Ar timeout
.Op Fl p Ar <rdistd-path>
.Op Fl P Ar <rsh-path>
.Op Ar name ...
.Ek
.Pp
.Nm rdist
.Fl DFn
.Fl c Ar name ...
.Ar [login@]host[:dest]
.Pp
.Nm rdist
.Fl Server
.Pp
.Nm rdist
.Fl V
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm
is a program to maintain identical copies of files over multiple hosts.
It preserves the owner, group, mode, and mtime of files if possible and
can update programs that are executing.
.Nm
reads commands from
.Pa distfile
to direct the updating of files and/or directories.
If
.Pa distfile
is
.Sq - ,
the standard input is used.
If no
.Fl f
option is present, the program looks first for
.Pa distfile ,
then
.Pa Distfile
to use as the input.
If no names are specified on the command line,
.Nm
will update all of the files and directories listed in
.Pa distfile .
Otherwise, the argument is taken to be the name of a file to be updated
or the label of a command to execute.
If label and file names conflict, it is assumed to be a label.
These may be used together to update specific files using specific commands.
.Pp
The
.Fl c
option forces
.Nm
to interpret the remaining arguments as a small
.Pa distfile .
The equivalent distfile is as follows.
.Bd -literal -offset indent
( \fIname\fP ... ) -> [\fIlogin\fP@]\fIhost\fP
	install	[\fIdest\fP] ;
.Ed
.Pp
The
.Fl Server
option is recognized to provide partial backward compatible support
for older versions of
.Nm
which used this option to put
.Nm
into server mode.
If
.Nm
is started with the
.Fl Server
command line option, it will attempt to exec (run) the old version of
.Nm rdist ,
.Pa /usr/bin/oldrdist .
.Pp
.Nm
uses a remote shell command to access each target host.
By default,
.Xr ssh 1
is used, unless overridden by the
.Fl P
option or the
.Ev RSH
environment variable.
If the target host is the string
.Em localhost
and the remote user name is the same as the local user name,
.Nm
will run the command
.Bd -literal -offset indent
/bin/sh -c rdistd -S
.Ed
.Pp
Otherwise,
.Nm
run will run the command
.Bd -literal -offset indent
\fBssh \fIhost\fB -l \fIremuser \fBrdistd -S\fR
.Ed
.Pp
where
.Em host
is the name of the target host,
.Em remuser
is the name of the user to make the connection as, and
.Em rdistd
is the rdist server command on the target host as shown below.
.Pp
On each target host
.Nm
will attempt to run the command
.Bd -literal -offset indent
rdistd -S
.Ed
.Pp
or
.Bd -literal -offset indent
<rdistd path> -S
.Ed
.Pp
if the
.Fl p
option was specified.
If no
.Fl p
option is included, or the
.Ar <rdistd path>
is a simple filename,
.Em rdistd
or
.Em <rdistd path>
must be somewhere in the
.Ev PATH
of the user running
.Nm
on the remote (target) host.
.Pp
The options are as follows:
.Bl -tag -width Ds
.It Fl A Ar num
Set the minimum number of free files (inodes) on a filesystem that must exist
for
.Nm
to update or install a file.
.It Fl a Ar num
Set the minimum amount of free space (in bytes) on a filesystem that must exist
for
.Nm
to update or install a file.
.It Fl D
Enable copious debugging messages.
.It Fl d Ar var=value
Define
.Ar var
to have
.Ar value .
This
option is used to define or override variable definitions in the
.Pa distfile .
.Ar value
can be the empty string, one name, or a list of names surrounded by
parentheses and separated by tabs and/or spaces.
.It Fl F
Do not fork any child
.Nm
processes.
All clients are updated sequentially.
.It Fl f Ar distfile
Set the name of the distfile to use to be
.Ar distfile .
If
.Ar distfile
is specified as
.Dq -
(dash) then read from standard input (stdin).
.It Fl l Ar logopts
Set local logging options.
See the section
.Sy MESSAGE LOGGING
for details on the syntax for
.Ar logopts .
.It Fl L Ar logopts
Set remote logging options.
.Ar logopts
is the same as for local logging except the values are passed to the remote
server (\fIrdistd\fR).
See the section
.Sy MESSAGE LOGGING
for details on the syntax for
.Ar logopts .
.It Fl M Ar num
Set the maximum number of simultaneously running child
.Nm
processes to
.Ar num .
The default is 4.
.It Fl m Ar machine
Limit which machines are to be updated.
Multiple
.Fl m
arguments can be given to limit updates to a subset of the hosts listed in the
.Pa distfile .
.It Fl n
Print the commands without executing them.
This option is useful for debugging a
.Pa distfile .
.It Fl o Ns Ar distopts
Specify the dist options to enable.
.Ar distopts
is a comma separated list of options which are listed below.
The valid values for
.Ar distopts
are:
.Bl -tag -width Ds
.It Sy verify
Verify that the files are up to date on all the hosts.
Any files that are out of date will be displayed but no files will be
changed nor will any mail be sent.
.It Sy whole
Whole mode.
The whole file name is appended to the destination directory name.
Normally, only the last component of a name is used when renaming files.
This will preserve the directory structure of the files being
copied instead of flattening the directory structure.
For example, rdisting a list of files such as
.Pa /path/dir1/f1
and
.Pa /path/dir2/f2
to
.Pa /tmp/dir
would create files
.Pa /tmp/dir/path/dir1/f1
and
.Pa /tmp/dir/path/dir2/f2
instead of
.Pa /tmp/dir/dir1/f1
and
.Pa /tmp/dir/dir2/f2 .
.It Sy noexec
Automatically exclude executable files that are in
.Xr a.out 5
format from being checked or updated.
.It Sy younger
Younger mode.
Files are normally updated if their
.Em mtime
and
.Em size
(see
.Xr stat 2 )
disagree.
This option causes
.Nm
not to update files that are younger than the master copy.
This can be used to prevent newer copies on other hosts from being replaced.
A warning message is printed for files which are newer than the master copy.
.It Sy compare
Binary comparison.
Perform a binary comparison and update files if they differ rather than
comparing dates and sizes.
.It Sy follow
Follow symbolic links.
Copy the file that the link points to rather than the link itself.
.It Sy ignlnks
Ignore unresolved links.
.Nm
will normally try to maintain the link structure of files being transferred
and warn the user if all the links cannot be found.
.It Sy chknfs
Do not check or update files on target host that reside on NFS filesystems.
.It Sy chkreadonly
Enable check on target host to see if a file resides on a read-only filesystem.
If a file does, then no checking or updating of the file is attempted.
.It Sy chksym
If the target on the remote host is a symbolic link, but is not on the
master host, the remote target will be left a symbolic link.
This behavior is generally considered a bug in the original version of
.Nm rdist ,
but is present to allow compatibility with older versions.
.It Sy defgroup[=groupname]
If the group of a file to be transferred does not exist on the destination
host, use the specified group instead.
If groupname is not specified, the
.Em bin
group is used.
.It Sy defowner[=owner]
If the owner of a file to be transferred does not exist on the destination
host, use the specified owner instead.
If owner is not specified, the user
.Em bin
is used.
.It Sy updateperm
Do not send the whole file when the size and the modification time match.
Instead, just update the ownership, group, and permissions as necessary.
.It Sy quiet
Quiet mode.
Files that are being modified are normally printed on standard output.
This option suppresses that.
.It Sy remove
Remove extraneous files.
If a directory is being updated, any files that exist on the remote host
that do not exist in the master directory are removed.
This is useful for maintaining truly identical copies of directories.
.It Sy nochkowner
Do not check user ownership of files that already exist.
The file ownership is only set when the file is updated.
.It Sy nochkgroup
Do not check group ownership of files that already exist.
The file ownership is only set when the file is updated.
.It Sy nochkmode
Do not check file and directory permission modes.
The permission mode is only set when the file is updated.
.It Sy nodescend
Do not descend into a directory.
Normally,
.Nm
will recursively check directories.
If this option is enabled, then any files listed in the file list in the
distfile that are directories are not recursively scanned.
Only the existence, ownership, and mode of the directory are checked.
.It Sy numchkgroup
Use the numeric group ID (GID) to check group ownership instead of
the group name.
.It Sy numchkowner
Use the numeric user ID (UID) to check user ownership instead of
the user name.
.It Sy savetargets
Save files that are updated instead of removing them.
Any target file that is updated is first renamed from
.Pa file
to
.Pa file.OLD .
.It Sy history
When
.Sy savetargets
and
.Sy history
are both defined then the target file that is updated is first renamed from
.Pa file
to
.Pa file.NNN
where NNN increases for each generation update.
The first generation is 001, and the last is 999.
After 999 generations, the counter is reset to 001 and 001 will get
overwritten all the time.
This is undesirable behavior, so some other method needs to be devised
to clean up or limit the number of generations.
.It Sy sparse
Enable checking for sparse (aka
.Dq wholely )
files.
One of the most common types of sparse files are those produced by
.Xr db 3 .
This option adds some additional processing overhead so it should
only be enabled for targets likely to contain sparse files.
.El
.It Fl p Ar <rdistd-path>
Set the path where the rdistd server is searched for on the target host.
.It Fl P Ar <rsh-path>
Set the path to the remote shell command.
The
.I rsh-path
may be a colon separated list of possible pathnames.
In this case, the first component of the path to exist is used.
e.g.,
.Pa "/usr/bin/ssh:/usr/bin/rsh" ,
.Pa /usr/bin/ssh .
.It Fl t Ar timeout
Set the timeout period (in seconds) for waiting for responses from the remote
.Nm
server.
The default is 900 seconds.
.It Fl V
Print version information and exit.
.El
.Sh MESSAGE LOGGING
.Nm
uses a collection of predefined message
.Em facilities
that each contain a list of message
.Sy types
specifying which types of messages to send to that
.Em facility .
The local client (\fIrdist\fR) and the remote server (\fIrdistd\fR) each
maintain their own copy of what types of messages to log to what facilities.
.Pp
The
.Fl l
.Em logopts
option to
.Nm
tells
.Nm
what logging options to use locally.
The
.Fl L
.Em logopts
option to
.Nm
tells
.Nm
what logging options to pass to the remote
.Em rdistd
server.
.Pp
.Em logopts
should be of the form
.Bd -literal -offset indent
\fIfacility\fB=\fItypes\fB:\fIfacility\fB=\fItypes...
.Ed
.Pp
The valid facility names are:
.Bl -tag -width Ds
.It Sy stdout
Messages to standard output.
.It Sy file
Log to a file.
To specify the file name, use the format
.Dq \fBfile=\fIfilename\fB=\fItypes\fR .
e.g.,
.Dq \fBfile=\fI/tmp/rdist.log\fB=\fIall,debug\fR .
.It Sy syslog
Use the
.Xr syslogd 8
facility.
.It Sy notify
Use the internal
.Nm
.Sy notify
facility.
This facility is used in conjunction with the
.Sy notify
keyword in a
.Pa distfile
to specify what messages are mailed to the
.Sy notify
address.
.El
.Pp
.Em types
should be a comma separated list of message types.
Each message type specified enables that message level.
This is unlike the
.Xr syslog 3
system facility which uses an ascending order scheme.
The following are the valid
.Em types :
.Bl -tag -width Ds
.It Sy change
Things that change.
This includes files that are installed or updated in some way.
.It Sy info
General information.
.It Sy notice
General info about things that change.
This includes things like making directories which are needed in order
to install a specific target, but which are not explicitly specified in the
.Pa distfile .
.It Sy nerror
Normal errors that are not fatal.
.It Sy ferror
Fatal errors.
.It Sy warning
Warnings about errors which are not as serious as
.Sy nerror
type messages.
.It Sy debug
Debugging information.
.It Sy all
All but debug messages.
.El
.Pp
Here is a sample command line option:
.Bd -literal -offset indent
-l stdout=all:syslog=change,notice:file=/tmp/rdist.log=all
.Ed
.Pp
This entry will set local message logging to have all but debug
messages sent to standard output, change and notice messages will
be sent to
.Xr syslog 3 ,
and all messages will be written to the file
.Pa /tmp/rdist.log .
.Sh DISTFILES
The
.Pa distfile
contains a sequence of entries that specify the files
to be copied, the destination hosts, and what operations to perform
to do the updating.
Each entry has one of the following formats.
.Bd -literal -offset indent
<variable name> `=' <name list>
[ label: ] <source list> `\->' <destination list> <command list>
[ label: ] <source list> `::' <time_stamp file> <command list>
.Ed
.Pp
The first format is used for defining variables.
The second format is used for distributing files to other hosts.
The third format is used for making lists of files that have been changed
since some given date.
The
.Em source list
specifies a list of files and/or directories on the local host which are to
be used as the master copy for distribution.
The
.Em destination list
is the list of hosts to which these files are to be copied.
Each file in the source list is added to a list of changes if the file
is out of date on the host which is being updated (second format) or
the file is newer than the time stamp file (third format).
.Pp
Labels are optional.
They are used to identify a command for partial updates.
.Pp
Newlines, tabs, and blanks are only used as separators and are
otherwise ignored.
Comments begin with
.Sq #
and end with a newline.
.Pp
Variables to be expanded begin with
.Sq $
followed by one character or a name enclosed in curly braces
(see the examples at the end).
.Pp
The source and destination lists have the following format:
.Bd -literal -offset indent
<name>
.Ed
or
.Bd -literal -compact -offset indent
`(' <zero or more names separated by whitespace> `)'
.Ed
.Pp
These simple lists can be modified by using one level of set addition,
subtraction, or intersection like this:
.Bd -literal -offset indent
list '-' list
.Ed
or
.Bd -literal -compact -offset indent
list '+' list
.Ed
or
.Bd -literal -compact -offset indent
list '&' list
.Ed
.Pp
If additional modifications are needed (e.g.,
.Do
all servers and client machines except for the OSF/1 machines
.Dc )
then the list will have to be explicitly constructed in steps using
.Dq temporary
variables.
.Pp
The shell meta-characters `[', `]', `{', `}', `*', and `?'
are recognized and expanded (on the local host only) in the same way as
.Xr csh 1 .
They can be escaped with a backslash.
The `~' character is also expanded in the same way as
.Xr csh 1
but is expanded separately on the local and destination hosts.
When the
.Fl o Ns Ar whole
option is used with a file name that begins with `~', everything except the
home directory is appended to the destination name.
File names which do not begin with `/' or `~' use the destination user's
home directory as the root directory for the rest of the file name.
.Pp
The command list consists of zero or more commands of the following
format.
.Bl -column "except_pat" "<pattern list>" "opt_dest_name" ";" -offset indent
.It `install' Ta <options> Ta opt_dest_name Ta `;'
.It `notify' Ta <name list> Ta "" Ta `;'
.It `except' Ta <name list> Ta "" Ta `;'
.It `except_pat' Ta <pattern list> Ta "" Ta `;'
.It `special' Ta <name list> Ta string Ta `;'
.It `cmdspecial' Ta <name list> Ta string Ta `;'
.El
.Pp
The
.Em install
command is used to copy out of date files and/or directories.
Each source file is copied to each host in the destination list.
Directories are recursively copied in the same way.
.Em opt_dest_name
is an optional parameter to rename files.
If no
.Em install
command appears in the command list or the destination name is not specified,
the source file name is used.
Directories in the path name will be created if they
do not exist on the remote host.
The
.Fl o Ns Ar distopts
option as specified above has the same semantics as
on the command line except
.Ar distopts
only apply to the files in the source list.
The login name used on the destination host is the same as the local host
unless the destination name is of the format
.Dq login@host .
.Pp
The
.Em notify
command is used to mail the list of files updated (and any errors
that may have occurred) to the listed names.
If no `@' appears in the name, the destination host is appended to
the name
(e.g., name1@host, name2@host, ...).
.Pp
The
.Em except
command is used to update all of the files in the source list
.Sy except
for the files listed in
.Em name list .
This is usually used to copy everything in a directory except certain files.
.Pp
The
.Em except_pat
command is like the
.Em except
command except that
.Em pattern list
is a list of regular expressions
(see
.Xr ed 1
for details).
If one of the patterns matches some string within a file name, that file will
be ignored.
Note that since `\e' is a quote character, it must be doubled to become
part of the regular expression.
Variables are expanded in
.Em pattern list
but not shell file pattern matching characters.
To include a `$', it must be escaped with `\e'.
.br
.Pp
The
.Em special
command is used to specify
.Xr sh 1
commands that are to be executed on the remote host after the file in
.Em name list
is updated or installed.
If the
.Em name list
is omitted then the shell commands will be executed for every file
updated or installed.
.Em string
starts and ends with `"' and can cross multiple lines in
.Pa distfile .
Multiple commands to the shell should be separated by `;'.
Commands are executed in the user's home directory on the host
being updated.
The
.Em special
command can be used to rebuild private databases, etc.
after a program has been updated.
The following environment variables are set for each
.Em special
command:
.Bl -tag -width "BASEFILE"
.It Ev FILE
The full pathname of the local file that was just updated.
.It Ev REMFILE
The full pathname of the remote file that was just updated.
.It BASEFILE
The basename of the remote file that was just updated.
.El
.Pp
The
.Em cmdspecial
command is similar to the
.Em special
command, except it is executed only when the entire command is completed
instead of after each file is updated.
The list of files is placed in the
.Ev FILES
environment variable.
Each file name in
.Ev FILES
is separated by a `:' (colon).
.Pp
If a hostname ends in a `+' (plus sign), then the plus
is stripped off and NFS checks are disabled.
This is equivalent to disabling the
.Fl o Ns Ar chknfs
option just for this one host.
.Pp
The following is a small example.
.Bd -literal -offset indent
HOSTS = ( matisse root@arpa)

FILES = ( /bin /lib /usr/bin /usr/games
	/usr/include/{*.h,{stand,sys,vax*,pascal,machine}/*.h}
	/usr/lib /usr/man/man? /usr/ucb /usr/local/rdist )

EXLIB = ( Mail.rc aliases aliases.db crontab dshrc
	sendmail.cf sendmail.hf sendmail.st uucp vfont )

${FILES} -> ${HOSTS}
	install -oremove,chknfs ;
	except /usr/lib/${EXLIB} ;
	except /usr/games/lib ;
	special /usr/lib/sendmail "/usr/lib/sendmail -bi" ;

srcs:
/usr/src/bin -> arpa
	except_pat ( \e\e.o\e$ /SCCS\e$ ) ;

IMAGEN = (ips dviimp catdvi)

imagen:
/usr/local/${IMAGEN} -> arpa
	install /usr/local/lib ;
	notify ralph ;

${FILES} :: stamp.cory
	notify root@cory ;
.Ed
.Sh ENVIRONMENT
.Bl -tag -width "TMPDIR"
.It TMPDIR
Name of temporary directory to use.
Default is
.Pa /tmp .
.It RSH
Name of the default remote shell program to use.
Default is
.Xr ssh 1 .
.El
.Sh FILES
.Bl -tag -width "$TMPDIR/rdist*" -compact
.It distfile
input command file
.It $TMPDIR/rdist*
temporary file for update lists
.El
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr csh 1 ,
.Xr rsh 1 ,
.Xr sh 1 ,
.Xr ssh 1 ,
.Xr stat 2 ,
.Xr rcmdsh 3
.Sh NOTES
If the basename of a file  (the last component in the pathname) is ".", then
.Nm
assumes the remote (destination) name is a directory.
i.e.,
.Pa /tmp/ .
means that
.Pa /tmp
should be a directory on the remote host.
.Pp
The following options are still recognized for backwards compatibility:
.Pp
.Bd -filled -offset indent
.Fl v
.Fl N
.Fl O
.Fl q
.Fl b
.Fl r
.Fl R
.Fl s
.Fl w
.Fl y
.Fl h
.Fl i
.Fl x
.Ed
.Sh BUGS
Source files must reside on the local host where rdist is executed.
.Pp
Variable expansion only works for name lists; there should be a general macro
facility.
.Pp
.Nm
aborts on files which have a negative mtime (before Jan 1, 1970).
.Pp
If a hardlinked file is listed more than once in the same target,
then
.Nm
will report missing links.
Only one instance of a link should be listed in each target.
.Pp
The
.Sy defowner ,
.Sy defgroup ,
and
.Sy updateperm
options are extensions to the 6.1.0 protocol and will not work with earlier
versions of rdist 6.