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.\" dhclient-script.8
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 1997 The Internet Software Consortium.
.\" All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\"
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\" 3. Neither the name of The Internet Software Consortium nor the names
.\" of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
.\" from this software without specific prior written permission.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE INTERNET SOFTWARE CONSORTIUM AND
.\" CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES,
.\" INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
.\" MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
.\" DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE INTERNET SOFTWARE CONSORTIUM OR
.\" CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
.\" SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
.\" LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF
.\" USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
.\" ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
.\" OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT
.\" OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.\" This software has been written for the Internet Software Consortium
.\" by Ted Lemon <mellon@fugue.com> in cooperation with Vixie
.\" Enterprises. To learn more about the Internet Software Consortium,
.\" see ``http://www.isc.org/isc''. To learn more about Vixie
.\" Enterprises, see ``http://www.vix.com''.
.TH dhclient 8
.SH NAME
dhclient-script - DHCP client network configuration script
.SH DESCRIPTION
The DHCP client network configuration script is invoked from time to
time by \fBdhclient(8)\fR. This script is used by the dhcp client to
set each interface's initial configuration prior to requesting an
address, to test the address once it has been offered, and to set the
interface's final configuration once a lease has been acquired. If no
lease is acquired, the script is used to test predefined leases, if
any, and also called once if no valid lease can be identified.
.PP
This script is not meant to be customized by the end user. However,
the script may not work on particular versions of particular operating
systems (indeed, no standard script exists for some operating
systems), so a pioneering user may well need to create a new script or
modify an existing one. In general, customizations specific to a
particular computer should be done in the
.B /etc/dhclient.conf
script. If you find that you can't make such a customization without
customizing dhclient.conf, please submit a bug report.
.SH OPERATION
When dhclient needs to invoke the client configuration script, it
writes a shell script into /tmp which defines a variety of variables.
In all cases, $reason is set to the name of the reason why the script
has been invoked. The following reasons are currently defined:
MEDIUM, PREINIT, ARPCHECK, ARPSEND, BOUND, RENEW, REBIND, REBOOT,
EXPIRE, FAIL and TIMEOUT.
.PP
.SH MEDIUM
The DHCP client is requesting that an interface's media type
be set. The interface name is passed in $interface, and the media
type is passed in $medium.
.SH PREINIT
The DHCP client is requesting that an interface be configured as
required in order to send packets prior to receiving an actual
address. For clients which use the BSD socket library, this means
configuring the interface with an IP address of 0.0.0.0 and a
broadcast address of 255.255.255.255. For other clients, it may be
possible to simply configure the interface up without actually giving
it an IP address at all. The interface name is passed in $interface,
and the media type in $medium.
.PP
If an IP alias has been declared in dhclient.conf, its address will be
passed in $alias_ip_address, and that ip alias should be deleted from
the interface, along with any routes to it.
.SH ARPSEND
The DHCP client is requesting that an address that has been offered to
it be checked to see if somebody else is using it, by sending an ARP
request for that address. It's not clear how to implement this, so
no examples exist yet. The IP address to check is passed in
$new_ip_address, and the interface name is passed in $interface.
.SH ARPCHECK
The DHCP client wants to know if a response to the ARP request send
using ARPCHECK has been received. If one has, the script should exit
with a nonzero status, indicating that the offered address has already
been requested and should be declined. $new_ip_address and
$interface are set as with ARPSEND.
.SH BOUND
The DHCP client has done an initial binding to a new address. The
new ip address is passed in $new_ip_address, and the interface name is
passed in $interface. The media type is passed in $medium. Any
options acquired from the server are passed using the option name
described in \fBdhcp-options\fR, except that dashes ('-') are replaced
by underscores ('_') in order to make valid shell variables, and the
variable names start with new_. So for example, the new subnet mask
would be passed in $new_subnet_mask.
.PP
When a binding has been completed, a lot of network parameters are
likely to need to be set up. A new /etc/resolv.conf needs to be
created, using the values of $new_domain_name and
$new_domain_name_servers (which may list more than one server,
separated by spaces). If /etc/resolv.conf.tail exists, it is appended
to the newly-created /etc/resolv.conf file. A default route should
be set using $new_routers, and static routes may need to be set up using
$new_static_routes.
.PP
If an IP alias has been declared, it must be set up here. The alias
IP address will be written as $alias_ip_address, and other DHCP
options that are set for the alias (e.g., subnet mask) will be passed
in variables named as described previously except starting with
$alias_ instead of $new_. Care should be taken that the alias IP
address not be used if it is identical to the bound IP address
($new_ip_address), since the other alias parameters may be incorrect
in this case.
.SH RENEW
When a binding has been renewed, the script is called as in BOUND,
except that in addition to all the variables starting with $new_,
there is another set of variables starting with $old_. Persistent
settings that may have changed need to be deleted - for example, if a
local route to the bound address is being configured, the old local
route should be deleted. If the default route has changed, the old default
route should be deleted. If the static routes have changed, the old
ones should be deleted. Otherwise, processing can be done as with
BOUND.
.SH REBIND
The DHCP client has rebound to a new DHCP server. This can be handled
as with RENEW, except that if the IP address has changed, the ARP
table should be cleared.
.SH REBOOT
The DHCP client has successfully reacquired its old address after a
reboot. This can be processed as with BOUND.
.SH EXPIRE
The DHCP client has failed to renew its lease or acquire a new one,
and the lease has expired. The IP address must be relinquished, and
all related parameters should be deleted, as in RENEW and REBIND.
.SH FAIL
The DHCP client has been unable to contact any DHCP servers, and any
leases that have been tested have not proved to be valid. The
parameters from the last lease tested should be deconfigured. This
can be handled in the same way as EXPIRE.
.SH TIMEOUT
The DHCP client has been unable to contact any DHCP servers.
However, an old lease has been identified, and its parameters have
been passed in as with BOUND. The client configuration script should
test these parameters and, if it has reason to believe they are valid,
should exit with a value of zero. If not, it should exit with a
nonzero value.
.PP
The usual way to test a lease is to set up the network as with REBIND
(since this may be called to test more than one lease) and then ping
the first router defined in $routers. If a response is received, the
lease must be valid for the network to which the interface is
currently connected. It would be more complete to try to ping all of
the routers listed in $new_routers, as well as those listed in
$new_static_routes, but current scripts do not do this.
.SH FILES
Each operating system should generally have its own script file,
although the script files for similar operating systems may be similar
or even identical. The script files included in the Internet
Software Consortium DHCP distribution appear in the distribution tree
under client/scripts, and bear the names of the operating systems on
which they are intended to work.
.SH BUGS
If more than one interface is being used, there's no obvious way to
avoid clashes between server-supplied configuration parameters - for
example, the stock dhclient-script rewrites /etc/resolv.conf. If
more than one interface is being configured, /etc/resolv.conf will be
repeatedly initialized to the values provided by one server, and then
the other. Assuming the information provided by both servers is
valid, this shouldn't cause any real problems, but it could be
confusing.
.SH SEE ALSO
dhclient(8), dhcpd(8), dhcrelay(8), dhclient.conf(5) and
dhclient.leases(5).
.SH AUTHOR
.B dhclient-script(8)
has been written for the Internet Software Consortium
by Ted Lemon <mellon@fugue.com> in cooperation with Vixie
Enterprises. To learn more about the Internet Software Consortium,
see
.B http://www.vix.com/isc.
To learn more about Vixie
Enterprises, see
.B http://www.vix.com.
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