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OVERVIEW OF NEW FEATURES IN APACHE 1.2
New features with this release, as extensions of the Apache functionality
For more information, see the documentation included with this release
(htdocs/manual/) or http://www.apache.org/docs/
In addition to a number of bug fixes and internal performance
enhancements, Apache 1.2 has the following specific new user
features:
*) HTTP/1.1 Compliance
Aside from the optional proxy module (which operates as HTTP/1.0),
Apache is conditionally compliant with the HTTP/1.1 proposed standard,
as approved by the IESG and the IETF HTTP working group.
HTTP/1.1 provides a much-improved protocol, and should allow for
greater performance and efficiency when transferring files. Apache
does, however, still work great with HTTP/1.0 browsers. We are very
close to being unconditionally compliant; if you note any deviance
from the proposed standard, please report it as a bug.
*) eXtended Server Side Includes (XSSI)
A new set of server-side include directives allows the user to
better create WWW pages. This includes number of powerful new
features, such as the ability to set variables and use conditional
HTML.
*) File-based and Regex-enabled Directive Sections
The new <Files> section allows directives to be enabled based on
full filename, not just directory and URL. In addition, <Files>
sections can appear in .htaccess files. <Files>, along with
<Directory> and <Location>, can also now be based on regular
expressions, not just simple prefix matching.
*) Browser-based Environment Variables
Environment variables can now be set based on the User-Agent
string of the browser. Combined with XSSI, this allows you to
write browser-based conditional HTML documents.
*) SetUID CGI Execution
Apache now supports the execution of CGI scripts as users other
than the server user. A number of security checks are built in to
try and make this as safe as possible.
*) URL Rewriting Module
The optional mod_rewrite module is now included. This module can
provide powerful URL mapping, using regular expressions. There's
nothing this module can't do!
*) Enhanced, Configurable Logging
The optional mod_log_config included with earlier versions of
Apache is now standard, and has been enhanced to allow logging of
much more detail about the transaction, and can be used to open
more than one log at once (each of which can have a different log
format).
*) User Tracking (Cookies) Revisions
The mod_cookies included with previous versions of Apache has been
renamed mod_usertrack, to more accurately reflect its function
(some people inadvertently thought it enabled cookie support in
Apache, which is not true - Apache supports the use of cookies
directly). It is also now possible to disable the generation of
cookies, even when the cookie module is compiled in. Also, an
expiry time can be set on the cookies.
*) Multiple IPs in <VirtualHost>
The <VirtualHost> directive can now take more than one IP address
or hostname. This lets a single vhost handles requests for
multiple IPs or hostnames.
*) CGI Debugging Environment
ScriptLog allows you to now set up a log that records all input
and output to failed CGI scripts. This includes environment
variables, input headers, POST data, output, and more. This makes
CGI scripts much easier to debug.
*) Resource Limits for CGI Scripts
New directives allow the limiting of resources used by CGI scripts
(e.g. max CPU time). This is helpful in preventing 'runaway' CGI
processes.
*) Redirect Directive Can Return Alternate Status
The Redirect directive can return permanent or temporary redirects,
"Gone" or "See Other" HTTP status. For NCSA-compatibility,
RedirectTemp and RedirectPermanent are also implemented.
*) Graceful Restarts
Apache can re-read the config files and re-open log files without
terminating transactions in progress.
*) Simplified Compilation
The process of configuring Apache for compilation has been
simplified.
*) Add or Remove Options
The Options directive can now add or remove options from those
currently in force, rather than always replacing them.
*) Command-line Help
The -h command-line option now lists all the available directives.
*) Optional Headers Module to Set or Remove HTTP Headers
The optional mod_headers module can be used to set custom headers
in the HTTP response. It can append to existing headers, replace
them, or remove headers from the response.
*) Conditional Config Directives
A new <IfModule> section allows directives to be enabled only if a
given module is loaded into the server.
*) Authorization Directives Now Use NCSA-style Syntax
The AuthUserFile, AuthGroupFile and AuthDigestFile commands now
have a syntax compatible with the NCSA server.
*) Optional Proxy Module
An improved FTP, HTTP, and CONNECT mode SSL proxy is included with
Apache 1.2. Some of the changes visible to users:
- Improved FTP proxy supporting PASV mode
- CONNECT mode ports are configurable from a list
- NoCache * directive for disabling proxy caching
- Numerous bug fixes
*) Optional Example Module
An example module that demonstrates many of the aspects of the
API is now included with Apache as of version 1.2. It can be
used as a base for those who wish to write their own Apache
modules.
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