1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
|
/* $NetBSD: traceroute.c,v 1.10 1995/05/21 15:50:45 mycroft Exp $ */
/*-
* Copyright (c) 1990, 1993
* The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
*
* This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
* Van Jacobson.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
* must display the following acknowledgement:
* This product includes software developed by the University of
* California, Berkeley and its contributors.
* 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
* may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
* without specific prior written permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
* ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
* DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
* OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
* HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
* LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
* OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
* SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
#ifndef lint
static char copyright[] =
"@(#) Copyright (c) 1990, 1993\n\
The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.\n";
#endif /* not lint */
#ifndef lint
#if 0
static char sccsid[] = "@(#)traceroute.c 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93";*/
#else
static char rcsid[] = "$NetBSD: traceroute.c,v 1.10 1995/05/21 15:50:45 mycroft Exp $";
#endif
#endif /* not lint */
/*
* traceroute host - trace the route ip packets follow going to "host".
*
* Attempt to trace the route an ip packet would follow to some
* internet host. We find out intermediate hops by launching probe
* packets with a small ttl (time to live) then listening for an
* icmp "time exceeded" reply from a gateway. We start our probes
* with a ttl of one and increase by one until we get an icmp "port
* unreachable" (which means we got to "host") or hit a max (which
* defaults to 30 hops & can be changed with the -m flag). Three
* probes (change with -q flag) are sent at each ttl setting and a
* line is printed showing the ttl, address of the gateway and
* round trip time of each probe. If the probe answers come from
* different gateways, the address of each responding system will
* be printed. If there is no response within a 5 sec. timeout
* interval (changed with the -w flag), a "*" is printed for that
* probe.
*
* Probe packets are UDP format. We don't want the destination
* host to process them so the destination port is set to an
* unlikely value (if some clod on the destination is using that
* value, it can be changed with the -p flag).
*
* A sample use might be:
*
* [yak 71]% traceroute nis.nsf.net.
* traceroute to nis.nsf.net (35.1.1.48), 30 hops max, 56 byte packet
* 1 helios.ee.lbl.gov (128.3.112.1) 19 ms 19 ms 0 ms
* 2 lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1) 39 ms 39 ms 19 ms
* 3 lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1) 39 ms 39 ms 19 ms
* 4 ccngw-ner-cc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.136.23) 39 ms 40 ms 39 ms
* 5 ccn-nerif22.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.168.22) 39 ms 39 ms 39 ms
* 6 128.32.197.4 (128.32.197.4) 40 ms 59 ms 59 ms
* 7 131.119.2.5 (131.119.2.5) 59 ms 59 ms 59 ms
* 8 129.140.70.13 (129.140.70.13) 99 ms 99 ms 80 ms
* 9 129.140.71.6 (129.140.71.6) 139 ms 239 ms 319 ms
* 10 129.140.81.7 (129.140.81.7) 220 ms 199 ms 199 ms
* 11 nic.merit.edu (35.1.1.48) 239 ms 239 ms 239 ms
*
* Note that lines 2 & 3 are the same. This is due to a buggy
* kernel on the 2nd hop system -- lbl-csam.arpa -- that forwards
* packets with a zero ttl.
*
* A more interesting example is:
*
* [yak 72]% traceroute allspice.lcs.mit.edu.
* traceroute to allspice.lcs.mit.edu (18.26.0.115), 30 hops max
* 1 helios.ee.lbl.gov (128.3.112.1) 0 ms 0 ms 0 ms
* 2 lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1) 19 ms 19 ms 19 ms
* 3 lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1) 39 ms 19 ms 19 ms
* 4 ccngw-ner-cc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.136.23) 19 ms 39 ms 39 ms
* 5 ccn-nerif22.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.168.22) 20 ms 39 ms 39 ms
* 6 128.32.197.4 (128.32.197.4) 59 ms 119 ms 39 ms
* 7 131.119.2.5 (131.119.2.5) 59 ms 59 ms 39 ms
* 8 129.140.70.13 (129.140.70.13) 80 ms 79 ms 99 ms
* 9 129.140.71.6 (129.140.71.6) 139 ms 139 ms 159 ms
* 10 129.140.81.7 (129.140.81.7) 199 ms 180 ms 300 ms
* 11 129.140.72.17 (129.140.72.17) 300 ms 239 ms 239 ms
* 12 * * *
* 13 128.121.54.72 (128.121.54.72) 259 ms 499 ms 279 ms
* 14 * * *
* 15 * * *
* 16 * * *
* 17 * * *
* 18 ALLSPICE.LCS.MIT.EDU (18.26.0.115) 339 ms 279 ms 279 ms
*
* (I start to see why I'm having so much trouble with mail to
* MIT.) Note that the gateways 12, 14, 15, 16 & 17 hops away
* either don't send ICMP "time exceeded" messages or send them
* with a ttl too small to reach us. 14 - 17 are running the
* MIT C Gateway code that doesn't send "time exceeded"s. God
* only knows what's going on with 12.
*
* The silent gateway 12 in the above may be the result of a bug in
* the 4.[23]BSD network code (and its derivatives): 4.x (x <= 3)
* sends an unreachable message using whatever ttl remains in the
* original datagram. Since, for gateways, the remaining ttl is
* zero, the icmp "time exceeded" is guaranteed to not make it back
* to us. The behavior of this bug is slightly more interesting
* when it appears on the destination system:
*
* 1 helios.ee.lbl.gov (128.3.112.1) 0 ms 0 ms 0 ms
* 2 lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1) 39 ms 19 ms 39 ms
* 3 lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1) 19 ms 39 ms 19 ms
* 4 ccngw-ner-cc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.136.23) 39 ms 40 ms 19 ms
* 5 ccn-nerif35.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.168.35) 39 ms 39 ms 39 ms
* 6 csgw.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.133.254) 39 ms 59 ms 39 ms
* 7 * * *
* 8 * * *
* 9 * * *
* 10 * * *
* 11 * * *
* 12 * * *
* 13 rip.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.131.22) 59 ms ! 39 ms ! 39 ms !
*
* Notice that there are 12 "gateways" (13 is the final
* destination) and exactly the last half of them are "missing".
* What's really happening is that rip (a Sun-3 running Sun OS3.5)
* is using the ttl from our arriving datagram as the ttl in its
* icmp reply. So, the reply will time out on the return path
* (with no notice sent to anyone since icmp's aren't sent for
* icmp's) until we probe with a ttl that's at least twice the path
* length. I.e., rip is really only 7 hops away. A reply that
* returns with a ttl of 1 is a clue this problem exists.
* Traceroute prints a "!" after the time if the ttl is <= 1.
* Since vendors ship a lot of obsolete (DEC's Ultrix, Sun 3.x) or
* non-standard (HPUX) software, expect to see this problem
* frequently and/or take care picking the target host of your
* probes.
*
* Other possible annotations after the time are !H, !N, !P (got a host,
* network or protocol unreachable, respectively), !S or !F (source
* route failed or fragmentation needed -- neither of these should
* ever occur and the associated gateway is busted if you see one). If
* almost all the probes result in some kind of unreachable, traceroute
* will give up and exit.
*
* Notes
* -----
* This program must be run by root or be setuid. (I suggest that
* you *don't* make it setuid -- casual use could result in a lot
* of unnecessary traffic on our poor, congested nets.)
*
* This program requires a kernel mod that does not appear in any
* system available from Berkeley: A raw ip socket using proto
* IPPROTO_RAW must interpret the data sent as an ip datagram (as
* opposed to data to be wrapped in a ip datagram). See the README
* file that came with the source to this program for a description
* of the mods I made to /sys/netinet/raw_ip.c. Your mileage may
* vary. But, again, ANY 4.x (x < 4) BSD KERNEL WILL HAVE TO BE
* MODIFIED TO RUN THIS PROGRAM.
*
* The udp port usage may appear bizarre (well, ok, it is bizarre).
* The problem is that an icmp message only contains 8 bytes of
* data from the original datagram. 8 bytes is the size of a udp
* header so, if we want to associate replies with the original
* datagram, the necessary information must be encoded into the
* udp header (the ip id could be used but there's no way to
* interlock with the kernel's assignment of ip id's and, anyway,
* it would have taken a lot more kernel hacking to allow this
* code to set the ip id). So, to allow two or more users to
* use traceroute simultaneously, we use this task's pid as the
* source port (the high bit is set to move the port number out
* of the "likely" range). To keep track of which probe is being
* replied to (so times and/or hop counts don't get confused by a
* reply that was delayed in transit), we increment the destination
* port number before each probe.
*
* Don't use this as a coding example. I was trying to find a
* routing problem and this code sort-of popped out after 48 hours
* without sleep. I was amazed it ever compiled, much less ran.
*
* I stole the idea for this program from Steve Deering. Since
* the first release, I've learned that had I attended the right
* IETF working group meetings, I also could have stolen it from Guy
* Almes or Matt Mathis. I don't know (or care) who came up with
* the idea first. I envy the originators' perspicacity and I'm
* glad they didn't keep the idea a secret.
*
* Tim Seaver, Ken Adelman and C. Philip Wood provided bug fixes and/or
* enhancements to the original distribution.
*
* I've hacked up a round-trip-route version of this that works by
* sending a loose-source-routed udp datagram through the destination
* back to yourself. Unfortunately, SO many gateways botch source
* routing, the thing is almost worthless. Maybe one day...
*
* -- Van Jacobson (van@helios.ee.lbl.gov)
* Tue Dec 20 03:50:13 PST 1988
*/
#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/file.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <netinet/in_systm.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <netinet/ip.h>
#include <netinet/ip_icmp.h>
#include <netinet/ip_var.h>
#include <netinet/udp.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <err.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#define Fprintf (void)fprintf
#define Sprintf (void)sprintf
#define Printf (void)printf
#define HEADERSIZE (sizeof(struct ip) + lsrrlen + sizeof(struct udphdr) + sizeof(struct packetdata))
#define MAX_LSRR ((MAX_IPOPTLEN - 4) / 4)
/*
* Format of the data in a (udp) probe packet.
*/
struct packetdata {
u_char seq; /* sequence number of this packet */
u_char ttl; /* ttl packet left with */
struct timeval tv; /* time packet left */
};
struct in_addr gateway[MAX_LSRR + 1];
int lsrrlen = 0;
u_char packet[512], *outpacket; /* last inbound (icmp) packet */
int wait_for_reply __P((int, struct sockaddr_in *, struct timeval *));
void send_probe __P((int, int, struct sockaddr_in *));
double deltaT __P((struct timeval *, struct timeval *));
int packet_ok __P((u_char *, int, struct sockaddr_in *, int));
void print __P((u_char *, int, struct sockaddr_in *));
char *inetname __P((struct in_addr));
void usage __P((void));
int s; /* receive (icmp) socket file descriptor */
int sndsock; /* send (udp) socket file descriptor */
struct timezone tz; /* leftover */
int datalen; /* How much data */
char *source = 0;
char *hostname;
int nprobes = 3;
int max_ttl = 30;
u_short ident;
u_short port = 32768+666; /* start udp dest port # for probe packets */
int options; /* socket options */
int verbose;
int waittime = 5; /* time to wait for response (in seconds) */
int nflag; /* print addresses numerically */
int dump;
int
main(argc, argv)
int argc;
char *argv[];
{
struct hostent *hp;
struct protoent *pe;
struct sockaddr_in from, to;
int ch, i, lsrr, on, probe, seq, tos, ttl;
struct ip *ip;
if ((pe = getprotobyname("icmp")) == NULL) {
Fprintf(stderr, "icmp: unknown protocol\n");
exit(10);
}
if ((s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, pe->p_proto)) < 0)
err(5, "icmp socket");
if ((sndsock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_RAW)) < 0)
err(5, "raw socket");
setuid(getuid());
lsrr = 0;
on = 1;
seq = tos = 0;
while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "dDg:m:np:q:rs:t:w:v")) != -1)
switch (ch) {
case 'd':
options |= SO_DEBUG;
break;
case 'D':
dump = 1;
break;
case 'g':
if (lsrr >= MAX_LSRR)
errx(1, "too many gateways; max %d", MAX_LSRR);
if (inet_aton(optarg, &gateway[lsrr]) == 0) {
hp = gethostbyname(optarg);
if (hp == 0)
errx(1, "unknown host %s", optarg);
memcpy(&gateway[lsrr], hp->h_addr, hp->h_length);
}
if (++lsrr == 1)
lsrrlen = 4;
lsrrlen += 4;
break;
case 'm':
max_ttl = atoi(optarg);
if (max_ttl < 1 || max_ttl > MAXTTL)
errx(1, "max ttl must be 1 to %d.", MAXTTL);
break;
case 'n':
nflag++;
break;
case 'p':
port = atoi(optarg);
if (port < 1)
errx(1, "port must be >0.");
break;
case 'q':
nprobes = atoi(optarg);
if (nprobes < 1)
errx(1, "nprobes must be >0.");
break;
case 'r':
options |= SO_DONTROUTE;
break;
case 's':
/*
* set the ip source address of the outbound
* probe (e.g., on a multi-homed host).
*/
source = optarg;
break;
case 't':
tos = atoi(optarg);
if (tos < 0 || tos > 255)
errx(1, "tos must be 0 to 255.");
break;
case 'v':
verbose++;
break;
case 'w':
waittime = atoi(optarg);
if (waittime <= 1)
errx(1, "wait must be >1 sec.");
break;
default:
usage();
}
argc -= optind;
argv += optind;
if (argc < 1)
usage();
setlinebuf (stdout);
(void) memset(&to, 0, sizeof(struct sockaddr));
to.sin_family = AF_INET;
if (inet_aton(*argv, &to.sin_addr) != 0)
hostname = *argv;
else {
hp = gethostbyname(*argv);
if (hp == 0)
errx(1, "unknown host %s", *argv);
to.sin_family = hp->h_addrtype;
memcpy(&to.sin_addr, hp->h_addr, hp->h_length);
if ((hostname = strdup(hp->h_name)) == NULL)
err(1, "malloc");
}
if (*++argv)
datalen = atoi(*argv);
if (datalen < 0 || datalen > IP_MAXPACKET - HEADERSIZE)
errx(1, "packet size must be 0 to %d.",
IP_MAXPACKET - HEADERSIZE);
datalen += HEADERSIZE;
outpacket = (u_char *)malloc(datalen);
if (outpacket == 0)
err(1, "malloc");
(void) memset(outpacket, 0, datalen);
ip = (struct ip *)outpacket;
if (lsrr != 0) {
u_char *p;
p = (u_char *)(ip + 1);
*p++ = IPOPT_NOP;
*p++ = IPOPT_LSRR;
*p++ = lsrrlen - 1;
*p++ = IPOPT_MINOFF;
gateway[lsrr] = to.sin_addr;
for (i = 1; i <= lsrr; i++)
*((struct in_addr *)p)++ = gateway[i];
ip->ip_dst = gateway[0];
} else
ip->ip_dst = to.sin_addr;
ip->ip_off = 0;
ip->ip_hl = (sizeof(struct ip) + lsrrlen) >> 2;
ip->ip_p = IPPROTO_UDP;
ip->ip_v = IPVERSION;
ip->ip_tos = tos;
ident = (getpid() & 0xffff) | 0x8000;
if (options & SO_DEBUG)
(void) setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG,
(char *)&on, sizeof(on));
if (options & SO_DONTROUTE)
(void) setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DONTROUTE,
(char *)&on, sizeof(on));
#ifdef SO_SNDBUF
if (setsockopt(sndsock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, (char *)&datalen,
sizeof(datalen)) < 0)
err(6, "SO_SNDBUF");
#endif SO_SNDBUF
#ifdef IP_HDRINCL
if (setsockopt(sndsock, IPPROTO_IP, IP_HDRINCL, (char *)&on,
sizeof(on)) < 0)
err(6, "IP_HDRINCL");
#endif IP_HDRINCL
if (options & SO_DEBUG)
(void) setsockopt(sndsock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG,
(char *)&on, sizeof(on));
if (options & SO_DONTROUTE)
(void) setsockopt(sndsock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DONTROUTE,
(char *)&on, sizeof(on));
if (source) {
(void) memset(&from, 0, sizeof(struct sockaddr));
from.sin_family = AF_INET;
if (inet_aton(source, &from.sin_addr) == 0)
errx(1, "unknown host %s", source);
ip->ip_src = from.sin_addr;
#ifndef IP_HDRINCL
if (bind(sndsock, (struct sockaddr *)&from, sizeof(from)) < 0)
err(1, "bind");
#endif IP_HDRINCL
}
Fprintf(stderr, "traceroute to %s (%s)", hostname,
inet_ntoa(to.sin_addr));
if (source)
Fprintf(stderr, " from %s", source);
Fprintf(stderr, ", %d hops max, %d byte packets\n", max_ttl, datalen);
(void) fflush(stderr);
for (ttl = 1; ttl <= max_ttl; ++ttl) {
u_long lastaddr = 0;
int got_there = 0;
int unreachable = 0;
int timeout = 0;
Printf("%2d ", ttl);
for (probe = 0; probe < nprobes; ++probe) {
int cc;
struct timeval t1, t2;
struct timezone tz;
(void) gettimeofday(&t1, &tz);
send_probe(++seq, ttl, &to);
while (cc = wait_for_reply(s, &from, &t1)) {
(void) gettimeofday(&t2, &tz);
if (t2.tv_sec - t1.tv_sec > waittime) {
cc = 0;
break;
}
if ((i = packet_ok(packet, cc, &from, seq))) {
if (from.sin_addr.s_addr != lastaddr) {
print(packet, cc, &from);
lastaddr = from.sin_addr.s_addr;
}
Printf(" %g ms", deltaT(&t1, &t2));
switch(i - 1) {
case ICMP_UNREACH_PORT:
#ifndef ARCHAIC
ip = (struct ip *)packet;
if (ip->ip_ttl <= 1)
Printf(" !");
#endif ARCHAIC
++got_there;
break;
case ICMP_UNREACH_NET:
++unreachable;
Printf(" !N");
break;
case ICMP_UNREACH_HOST:
++unreachable;
Printf(" !H");
break;
case ICMP_UNREACH_PROTOCOL:
++got_there;
Printf(" !P");
break;
case ICMP_UNREACH_NEEDFRAG:
++unreachable;
Printf(" !F");
break;
case ICMP_UNREACH_SRCFAIL:
++unreachable;
Printf(" !S");
break;
case ICMP_UNREACH_NET_PROHIB:
++unreachable;
Printf(" !A");
break;
case ICMP_UNREACH_HOST_PROHIB:
++unreachable;
Printf(" !C");
break;
}
break;
}
}
if (cc == 0) {
Printf(" *");
timeout++;
}
(void) fflush(stdout);
}
putchar('\n');
if (got_there || (unreachable && (unreachable + timeout) >= nprobes))
exit(0);
}
}
int
wait_for_reply(sock, from, sent)
int sock;
struct sockaddr_in *from;
struct timeval *sent;
{
fd_set fds;
struct timeval now, wait;
int cc = 0;
int fromlen = sizeof (*from);
FD_ZERO(&fds);
FD_SET(sock, &fds);
gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
wait.tv_sec = (sent->tv_sec + waittime) - now.tv_sec;
wait.tv_usec = sent->tv_usec - now.tv_usec;
if (wait.tv_usec < 0) {
wait.tv_usec += 1000000;
wait.tv_sec--;
}
if (wait.tv_sec < 0)
wait.tv_sec = wait.tv_usec = 0;
if (select(sock+1, &fds, (fd_set *)0, (fd_set *)0, &wait) > 0)
cc=recvfrom(s, (char *)packet, sizeof(packet), 0,
(struct sockaddr *)from, &fromlen);
return(cc);
}
void
dump_packet()
{
u_char *p;
int i;
Fprintf(stderr, "packet data:");
for (p = outpacket, i = 0; i < datalen; i++) {
if ((i % 24) == 0)
Fprintf(stderr, "\n ");
Fprintf(stderr, " %02x", *p++);
}
Fprintf(stderr, "\n");
}
void
send_probe(seq, ttl, to)
int seq, ttl;
struct sockaddr_in *to;
{
struct ip *ip = (struct ip *)outpacket;
u_char *p = (u_char *)(ip + 1);
struct udphdr *up = (struct udphdr *)(p + lsrrlen);
struct packetdata *op = (struct packetdata *)(up + 1);
int i;
ip->ip_len = datalen;
ip->ip_ttl = ttl;
ip->ip_id = htons(ident+seq);
up->uh_sport = htons(ident);
up->uh_dport = htons(port+seq);
up->uh_ulen = htons((u_short)(datalen - sizeof(struct ip) - lsrrlen));
up->uh_sum = 0;
op->seq = seq;
op->ttl = ttl;
(void) gettimeofday(&op->tv, &tz);
if (dump)
dump_packet();
i = sendto(sndsock, outpacket, datalen, 0, (struct sockaddr *)to,
sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));
if (i < 0 || i != datalen) {
if (i<0)
perror("sendto");
Printf("traceroute: wrote %s %d chars, ret=%d\n", hostname,
datalen, i);
(void) fflush(stdout);
}
}
double
deltaT(t1p, t2p)
struct timeval *t1p, *t2p;
{
register double dt;
dt = (double)(t2p->tv_sec - t1p->tv_sec) * 1000.0 +
(double)(t2p->tv_usec - t1p->tv_usec) / 1000.0;
return (dt);
}
/*
* Convert an ICMP "type" field to a printable string.
*/
char *
pr_type(t)
u_char t;
{
static char *ttab[] = {
"Echo Reply", "ICMP 1", "ICMP 2", "Dest Unreachable",
"Source Quench", "Redirect", "ICMP 6", "ICMP 7",
"Echo", "ICMP 9", "ICMP 10", "Time Exceeded",
"Param Problem", "Timestamp", "Timestamp Reply", "Info Request",
"Info Reply"
};
if(t > 16)
return("OUT-OF-RANGE");
return(ttab[t]);
}
int
packet_ok(buf, cc, from, seq)
u_char *buf;
int cc;
struct sockaddr_in *from;
int seq;
{
register struct icmp *icp;
u_char type, code;
int hlen;
#ifndef ARCHAIC
struct ip *ip;
ip = (struct ip *) buf;
hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
if (cc < hlen + ICMP_MINLEN) {
if (verbose)
Printf("packet too short (%d bytes) from %s\n", cc,
inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr));
return (0);
}
cc -= hlen;
icp = (struct icmp *)(buf + hlen);
#else
icp = (struct icmp *)buf;
#endif ARCHAIC
type = icp->icmp_type; code = icp->icmp_code;
if ((type == ICMP_TIMXCEED && code == ICMP_TIMXCEED_INTRANS) ||
type == ICMP_UNREACH) {
struct ip *hip;
struct udphdr *up;
hip = &icp->icmp_ip;
hlen = hip->ip_hl << 2;
up = (struct udphdr *)((u_char *)hip + hlen);
if (hlen + 12 <= cc && hip->ip_p == IPPROTO_UDP &&
up->uh_sport == htons(ident) &&
up->uh_dport == htons(port+seq))
return (type == ICMP_TIMXCEED? -1 : code+1);
}
#ifndef ARCHAIC
if (verbose) {
int i;
u_long *lp = (u_long *)&icp->icmp_ip;
Printf("\n%d bytes from %s", cc, inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr));
Printf(" to %s", inet_ntoa(ip->ip_dst));
Printf(": icmp type %d (%s) code %d\n", type, pr_type(type),
icp->icmp_code);
for (i = 4; i < cc ; i += sizeof(long))
Printf("%2d: x%8.8lx\n", i, *lp++);
}
#endif ARCHAIC
return(0);
}
void
print(buf, cc, from)
u_char *buf;
int cc;
struct sockaddr_in *from;
{
struct ip *ip;
int hlen;
ip = (struct ip *) buf;
hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
cc -= hlen;
if (nflag)
Printf(" %s", inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr));
else
Printf(" %s (%s)", inetname(from->sin_addr),
inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr));
if (verbose)
Printf (" %d bytes to %s", cc, inet_ntoa (ip->ip_dst));
}
#ifdef notyet
/*
* Checksum routine for Internet Protocol family headers (C Version)
*/
u_short
in_cksum(addr, len)
u_short *addr;
int len;
{
register int nleft = len;
register u_short *w = addr;
register u_short answer;
register int sum = 0;
/*
* Our algorithm is simple, using a 32 bit accumulator (sum),
* we add sequential 16 bit words to it, and at the end, fold
* back all the carry bits from the top 16 bits into the lower
* 16 bits.
*/
while (nleft > 1) {
sum += *w++;
nleft -= 2;
}
/* mop up an odd byte, if necessary */
if (nleft == 1)
sum += *(u_char *)w;
/*
* add back carry outs from top 16 bits to low 16 bits
*/
sum = (sum >> 16) + (sum & 0xffff); /* add hi 16 to low 16 */
sum += (sum >> 16); /* add carry */
answer = ~sum; /* truncate to 16 bits */
return (answer);
}
#endif notyet
/*
* Construct an Internet address representation.
* If the nflag has been supplied, give
* numeric value, otherwise try for symbolic name.
*/
char *
inetname(in)
struct in_addr in;
{
register char *cp;
static char line[MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
struct hostent *hp;
static char domain[MAXHOSTNAMELEN + 1];
static int first = 1;
if (first && !nflag) {
first = 0;
if (gethostname(domain, MAXHOSTNAMELEN) == 0 &&
(cp = index(domain, '.')))
(void) strcpy(domain, cp + 1);
else
domain[0] = 0;
}
cp = 0;
if (!nflag && in.s_addr != INADDR_ANY) {
hp = gethostbyaddr((char *)&in, sizeof (in), AF_INET);
if (hp) {
if ((cp = index(hp->h_name, '.')) &&
!strcmp(cp + 1, domain))
*cp = 0;
cp = hp->h_name;
}
}
if (cp)
(void) strcpy(line, cp);
else {
in.s_addr = ntohl(in.s_addr);
#define C(x) ((x) & 0xff)
Sprintf(line, "%lu.%lu.%lu.%lu", C(in.s_addr >> 24),
C(in.s_addr >> 16), C(in.s_addr >> 8), C(in.s_addr));
}
return (line);
}
void
usage()
{
(void)fprintf(stderr,
"usage: traceroute [-dDnrv] [-g gateway_addr] ... [-m max_ttl] [-p port#]\n\t\
[-q nqueries] [-s src_addr] [-t tos] [-w wait] host [data size]\n");
exit(1);
}
|