install sed USD;

ok mickey@

2 files changed, 346 insertions, 518 deletions

diff --git a/usr.bin/sed/Makefile b/usr.bin/sed/Makefile
index 5dc19a5edc4..ff4cd09a179 100644
--- a/usr.bin/sed/Makefile
+++ b/usr.bin/sed/Makefile
@@ -1,6 +1,11 @@
-#	$OpenBSD: Makefile,v 1.2 1996/06/26 05:39:03 deraadt Exp $
+#	$OpenBSD: Makefile,v 1.3 2003/08/27 07:54:38 jmc Exp $
 
 PROG=	sed
 SRCS=	compile.c main.c misc.c process.c
 
+# These get installed verbatim
+.if make(install)
+SUBDIR+= USD.doc
+.endif
+
 .include <bsd.prog.mk>
diff --git a/usr.bin/sed/USD.doc/sed b/usr.bin/sed/USD.doc/sed
index 6558f9edaac..a71bad07324 100644
--- a/usr.bin/sed/USD.doc/sed
+++ b/usr.bin/sed/USD.doc/sed
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.\"	$OpenBSD: sed,v 1.1 2003/06/26 16:22:04 mickey Exp $
+.\"	$OpenBSD: sed,v 1.2 2003/08/27 07:54:38 jmc Exp $
 .\"
 .\" Copyright (C) Caldera International Inc.  2001-2002.
 .\" All rights reserved.
@@ -39,74 +39,68 @@
 .hw de-limit
 .hw de-limit-ing
 .\".RP
-....TM 78-1270-1 39199 39199-11
+.\" ....TM 78-1270-1 39199 39199-11
 .ND August 15, 1978
 .TL
 SED \(em A Non-interactive Text Editor
 .AU "MH 2C-555" 3302
 Lee E. McMahon
 .AI
-.MH
-.OK
+.\" .MH
+.\" .OK
 \"Context search
 \"Editing
 .AB
-.ul
-Sed
+.I Sed
 is a non-interactive context editor
 that runs on the
 .UX
 operating system.
-.ul
-Sed
+.LP
+.I Sed
 is
 designed to be especially useful in
 three cases:
-.in +1i
 .LP
-.ti -.5i
 1)
 To edit files too large for comfortable
 interactive editing;
-.ti -.5i
+.br
 2)
 To edit any size file when the sequence
 of editing commands is too complicated to be comfortably
-typed in interactive mode.
-.ti -.5i
+typed in interactive mode;
+.br
 3)
 To perform multiple `global' editing functions
 efficiently in one pass through the input.
-.in -1i
 .LP
 This memorandum constitutes a manual for users of
 .ul
 sed.
 .AE
-.CS 10 0 10 0 0 1
+.\" .CS 10 0 10 0 0 1
 .SH
 Introduction
 .LP
-.ul
-Sed
+.I Sed
 is a non-interactive context editor designed to be especially useful in
 three cases:
-.in +1i
+.RS
 .LP
-.ti -.5i
 1)
 To edit files too large for comfortable
 interactive editing;
-.ti -.5i
+.br
 2)
 To edit any size file when the sequence
 of editing commands is too complicated to be comfortably
 typed in interactive mode;
-.ti -.5i
+.br
 3)
 To perform multiple `global' editing functions
 efficiently in one pass through the input.
-.in -1i
+.RE
 .LP
 Since only a few lines of the input reside in core
 at one time, and no temporary files are used,
@@ -116,13 +110,11 @@ into available secondary storage.
 .LP
 Complicated editing scripts can be created separately and given
 to 
-.ul
-sed
+.I sed
 as a command file.
 For complex edits, this saves considerable typing, and its
 attendant errors.
-.ul
-Sed
+.I Sed
 running from a command file is much more efficient than any interactive
 editor known to the author, even if that editor
 can be driven by a pre-written script.
@@ -132,43 +124,34 @@ are lack of relative addressing (because of the line-at-a-time
 operation), and lack of immediate verification that a command has
 done what was intended.
 .LP
-.ul
-Sed
+.I Sed
 is a lineal descendant of the UNIX editor,
-.ul
-ed.
+.I ed .
 Because of the differences between interactive and non-interactive
 operation, considerable changes have been made between
-.ul
-ed
+.I ed
 and
-.ul
-sed;
+.I sed ;
 even confirmed users of
-.ul
-ed
+.I ed
 will frequently be surprised (and probably chagrined),
 if they rashly use 
-.ul
-sed
+.I sed
 without reading Sections 2 and 3 of this document.
 The most striking family resemblance between the two
 editors is in the class of patterns (`regular expressions') they
 recognize;
 the code for matching patterns is copied almost
 verbatim from the code for
-.ul
-ed,
+.I ed ,
 and the description of regular expressions in Section 2
 is copied almost verbatim from the UNIX Programmer's
-Manual[1]. (Both code and description were written by Dennis
-M. Ritchie.)
-.LP
+Manual[1].
+(Both code and description were written by Dennis M. Ritchie.)
 .SH
 1. Overall Operation
 .LP
-.ul
-Sed
+.I Sed
 by default copies the standard input to the standard output,
 perhaps performing one or more editing commands on each
 line before writing it to the output.
@@ -177,10 +160,10 @@ see Section 1.1 below.
 .LP
 The general format of an editing command is:
 .LP
-.in +1i
+.RS
 [address1,address2][function][arguments]
+.RE
 .LP
-.in -1i
 One or both addresses may be omitted; the format of addresses is
 given in Section 2.
 Any number of blanks or tabs may separate the addresses
@@ -192,47 +175,41 @@ is given; again, they are discussed in Section 3 under each individual
 function.
 .LP
 Tab characters and spaces at the beginning of lines are ignored.
-.LP
 .SH
 1.1. Command-line Flags
 .LP
-Three flags are recognized on the command line:
-.in +1i
-.ti -.5i
-.B
--n:
-.R
+Four flags are recognized on the command line:
+.LP
+.RS
+.B -a :
 tells
-.ul
-sed
-not to copy all lines, but only those specified by
-.ul
-p
-functions or
-.ul
-p
-flags after 
-.ul
-s
-functions (see Section 3.3);
-.ti -.5i
-.B
--e:
-.R
+.I sed
+to delay opening files created by the
+.I w
+function until it is applied to a line of input;
+.br
+.B -e :
 tells
-.ul
-sed
+.I sed
 to take the next argument as an editing command;
-.ti -.5i
-.B
--f:
-.R
+.br
+.B -f :
 tells
-.ul
-sed
+.I sed
 to take the next argument as a file name;
 the file should contain editing commands, one to a line.
-.in -1i
+.br
+.B -n :
+tells
+.I sed
+not to copy all lines, but only those specified by
+.I p
+functions or
+.I p
+flags after 
+.I s
+functions (see Section 3.3);
+.RE
 .SH
 1.2. Order of Application of Editing Commands
 .LP
@@ -249,11 +226,9 @@ is the output of all preceding commands.
 .LP
 The default linear order of application of editing commands can
 be changed by the flow-of-control commands,
-.ul
-t
+.I t
 and
-.ul
-b
+.I b
 (see Section 3).
 Even when the order of application is changed
 by these commands, it is still true that the input line to any
@@ -265,10 +240,8 @@ The range of pattern matches is called the pattern space.
 Ordinarily, the pattern space is one line of the input text,
 but more than one line can be read into the pattern space
 by using the
-.ul
-N
+.I N
 command (Section 3.6.).
-.LP
 .SH
 1.4. Examples
 .LP
@@ -276,41 +249,34 @@ Examples are scattered throughout the text.
 Except where otherwise noted,
 the examples all assume the following input text:
 .LP
-.in +.5i
-.nf
+.DS I
 In Xanadu did Kubla Khan
 A stately pleasure dome decree:
 Where Alph, the sacred river, ran
 Through caverns measureless to man
 Down to a sunless sea.
-.in -.5i
-.fi
+.DE
 .LP
 (In no case is the output of the 
-.ul
-sed
+.I sed
 commands to be considered an improvement
 on Coleridge.)
-.LP
 .SH
 Example:
 .LP
 The command
-.in +.5i
 .LP
+.RS
 2q
-.in -.5i
+.RE
 .LP
 will quit after copying the first two lines of the input.
 The output will be:
 .LP
-.in +.5i
-.nf
+.DS I
 In Xanadu did Kubla Khan
 A stately pleasure dome decree:
-.in -.5i
-.fi
-.LP
+.DE
 .SH
 2. ADDRESSES: Selecting lines for editing
 .LP
@@ -341,38 +307,35 @@ matches the last line of the last input file.
 .LP
 A context address is a pattern (`regular expression') enclosed in slashes (`/').
 The regular expressions recognized by
-.ul
-sed
+.I sed
 are constructed as follows:
-.in +1i
 .LP
-.ti -.5i
+.RS
 1)
 An ordinary character (not one of those discussed below)
 is a regular expression, and matches that character.
-.LP
-.ti -.5i
+.br
 2)
 A circumflex `^' at the beginning of a regular expression
 matches the null character at the beginning of a line.
-.ti -.5i
+.br
 3)
 A dollar-sign `$' at the end of a regular expression
 matches the null character at the end of a line.
-.ti -.5i
+.br
 4)
 The characters `\en' match an imbedded newline character,
 but not the newline at the end of the pattern space.
-.ti -.5i
+.br
 5)
 A period `.' matches any character except the terminal newline
 of the pattern space.
-.ti -.5i
+.br
 6)
 A regular expression followed by an asterisk `*' matches any
 number (including 0) of adjacent occurrences of the regular
 expression it follows.
-.ti -.5i
+.br
 7)
 A string of characters in square brackets `[ ]' matches any character
 in the string, and no others.
@@ -381,12 +344,12 @@ the regular expression matches any character
 .ul
 except
 the characters in the string and the terminal newline of the pattern space.
-.ti -.5i
+.br
 8)
 A concatenation of regular expressions is a regular expression
 which matches the concatenation of strings matched by the
 components of the regular expression.
-.ti -.5i
+.br
 9)
 A regular expression between the sequences `\e(' and `\e)' is
 identical in effect to the unadorned regular expression, but has
@@ -394,17 +357,15 @@ side-effects which are described under the
 .ul
 s
 command below and specification 10) immediately below.
-.ti -.5i
+.br
 10)
 The expression
-.ul
-`\|\ed'
+.I `\|\ed'
 means the same string of characters matched
 by an expression enclosed in `\e(' and `\e)'
 earlier in the same pattern.
 Here
-.ul
-d
+.I d
 is a single digit;
 the string specified is that beginning with the
 \fId\|\fRth
@@ -412,11 +373,11 @@ occurrence of `\e(' counting from the left.
 For example, the expression
 `^\e(.*\e)\e1' matches a line beginning with
 two repeated occurrences of the same string.
-.ti -.5i
+.br
 11)
 The null regular expression standing alone (e.g., `//') is
 equivalent to the  last regular expression compiled.
-.in -1i
+.RE
 .LP
 To use one of the special characters (^ $ . * [ ] \e /) as a literal
 (to match an occurrence of itself in the input), precede the
@@ -451,19 +412,15 @@ Two addresses are separated by a comma.
 .SH
 Examples:
 .LP
-.nf
-.in +.5i
-.ta 1i 2i
-/an/	matches lines 1, 3, 4 in our sample text
+.DS I
+/an/		matches lines 1, 3, 4 in our sample text
 /an.*an/	matches line 1
-/^an/	matches no lines
-/./	matches all lines
-/\e./	matches line 5
-/r*an/	matches lines 1,3, 4 (number = zero!)
+/^an/		matches no lines
+/./		matches all lines
+/\e./		matches line 5
+/r*an/		matches lines 1,3, 4 (number = zero!)
 /\e(an\e).*\e1/	matches line 1
-.fi
-.in 0
-.LP
+.DE
 .SH
 3. FUNCTIONS
 .LP
@@ -474,66 +431,56 @@ function name, possible arguments enclosed in angles (< >),
 an expanded English translation of the single-character name,
 and finally a description of what each function does.
 The angles around the arguments are
-.ul
-not
+.I not
 part of the argument, and should not be typed
 in actual editing commands.
 .SH
 3.1. Whole-line Oriented Functions
 .LP
-.in +1i
-.ti -.5i
 (2)d -- delete lines
-.if t .sp .5
+.LP
+.RS
 The
-.ul
-d
+.I d
 function deletes from the file (does not write to the output)
 all those lines matched by its address(es).
-.if t .sp .5
+.LP
 It also has the side effect that no further commands are attempted
 on the corpse of a deleted line;
 as soon as the
-.ul
-d
+.I d
 function is executed, a new line is read from the input, and
 the list of editing commands is re-started from the beginning
 on the new line.
-.ti -.5i
-.if t .sp .5
+.RE
+.LP
 (2)n -- next line
-.if t .sp .5
+.RS
+.LP
 The
-.ul
-n
+.I n
 function reads the next line from the input, replacing
 the current line.
 The current line is written to the output if it should
 be.
 The list of editing commands is continued 
 following the 
-.ul
-n
+.I n
 command.
-.if t .sp .5
-.nf
-.in -.5i
+.RE
+.LP
 (1)a\e
 <text> -- append lines
-.in +.5i
-.fi
-.if t .sp .5
+.RS
+.LP
 The
-.ul
-a
+.I a
 function causes the argument <text> to be written to the
 output after the line matched by its address.
 The
-.ul
-a
+.I a
 command is inherently multi-line;
-.ul
-a
+.I a
 must appear at the end of a line, and <text> may contain
 any number of lines.
 To preserve the one-command-to-a-line fiction,
@@ -543,513 +490,400 @@ newline.
 The <text> argument is terminated by the first unhidden
 newline (the first one not immediately preceded
 by backslash).
-.if t .sp .5
+.LP
 Once an
-.ul
-a
+.I a
 function is successfully executed, <text> will be
 written to the output regardless of what later commands do to
 the line which triggered it.
 The triggering line may be 
 deleted entirely; <text> will still be written to the output.
-.if t .sp .5
+.LP
 The <text> is not scanned for address matches, and no editing
 commands are attempted on it.
 It does not cause any change in the line-number counter.
-.ne 1i
-.if t .sp .5
-.nf
-.in -.5i
+.RE
+.LP
 (1)i\e
 <text> -- insert lines
-.in +.5i
-.fi
-.if t .sp .5
+.RS
+.LP
 The
-.ul
-i
+.I i
 function  behaves identically to the
-.ul
-a
+.I a
 function, except that <text> is written to the output
-.ul
-before
+.I before
 the matched line.
 All other comments about the
-.ul
-a
+.I a
 function apply to the
-.ul
-i
+.I i
 function as well.
-.if t .sp .5
-.nf
-.in -.5i
+.RE
+.LP
 (2)c\e
 <text> -- change lines
-.in +.5i
-.fi
-.if t .sp .5
+.RS
+.LP
 The
-.ul
-c
+.I c
 function deletes the lines selected by its address(es),
 and replaces them with the lines in <text>.
 Like
-.ul
-a
+.I a
 and
-.ul
-i,
-.ul
-c
+.I i ,
+.I c
 must be followed by a newline hidden by a backslash;
 and interior new lines in <text> must be hidden by
 backslashes.
-.if t .sp .5
+.LP
 The
-.ul
-c
+.I c
 command may have two addresses, and therefore select a range
 of lines.
 If it does, all the lines in the range are deleted, but only
 one copy of <text> is written to the output,
-.ul
-not
+.I not
 one copy per line deleted.
 As with
-.ul
-a
+.I a
 and
-.ul
-i,
+.I i ,
 <text> is not scanned for address matches, and no
 editing commands are attempted on it.
 It does not change the  line-number counter.
-.if t .sp .5
+.LP
 After a line has been deleted by a
-.ul
-c
+.I c
 function, no further commands are attempted on the corpse.
-.if t .sp .5
+.LP
 If text is appended after a line by
-.ul
-a
+.I a
 or
-.ul
-r
+.I r
 functions, and the line is subsequently changed, the text
 inserted by the
-.ul
-c
+.I c
 function will be placed
-.ul
-before
+.I before
 the text of the
-.ul
-a
+.I a
 or
-.ul
-r
+.I r
 functions.
 (The
-.ul
-r
+.I r
 function is described in Section 3.4.)
-.if t .sp .5
-.in -1i
-.ul
-Note:
+.LP
+.RS
+.I Note :
 Within the text put in the output by these functions,
 leading blanks and tabs will disappear, as always in 
-.ul
-sed
+.I sed
 commands.
 To get leading blanks and tabs into the output, precede the first
 desired blank or tab by a backslash; the backslash will not
 appear in the output.
+.RE
+.RE
 .SH
 Example:
 .LP
 The list of editing commands:
 .LP
-.in +.5i
-.nf
+.DS I
 n
 a\e
 XXXX
 d
-.in -.5i
-.fi
+.DE
 .LP
 applied to our standard input, produces:
 .LP
-.in +.5i
-.nf
+.DS I
 In Xanadu did Kubhla Khan
 XXXX
 Where Alph, the sacred river, ran
 XXXX
 Down to a sunless sea.
-.in -.5i
-.fi
+.DE
 .LP
 In this particular case,
 the same effect would be produced by either
 of the two following command lists:
 .LP
-.in +.5i
-.nf
+.DS I
 n		n
 i\e		c\e
 XXXX	XXXX
 d
-.in -.5i
-.fi
-.LP
-.in 0
+.DE
 .SH
 3.2. Substitute Function
 .LP
 One very important function changes parts of lines selected by
 a context search within the line.
-.if t .sp .5
-.in +1i
-.ti -.5i
+.LP
 (2)s<pattern><replacement><flags> -- substitute
-.if t .sp .5
+.RS
+.LP
 The
-.ul
-s
+.I s
 function replaces
-.ul
-part
+.I part
 of a line (selected by <pattern>) with <replacement>.
 It can best be read:
-.if t .sp .5
-.ti +1i
+.RS
+.LP
 Substitute for <pattern>, <replacement>
-.if t .sp .5
+.RE
+.LP
 The <pattern> argument contains a pattern,
 exactly like the patterns in addresses (see 2.2 above).
 The only difference between <pattern> and a context address is
 that the context address must be delimited by slash (`/') characters;
 <pattern> may be delimited by any character other than space or
 newline.
-.if t .sp .5
+.LP
 By default, only the first string matched by <pattern> is replaced,
 but see the
-.ul
-g
+.I g
 flag below.
-.if t .sp .5
+.LP
 The
 <replacement> argument begins immediately after the
 second delimiting character of <pattern>, and must be followed
 immediately by another instance of the delimiting character.
 (Thus there are exactly 
-.ul
-three
+.I three
 instances of the delimiting character.)
-.if t .sp .5
+.LP
 The <replacement> is not a pattern,
 and the characters which are special in patterns
 do not have special meaning in <replacement>.
 Instead, other characters are special:
-.if t .sp .5
-.in +1i
-.ti -.5i
-&	is replaced by the string matched by <pattern>
-.if t .sp .5
-.ti -.5i
-.ul
-\ed
+.RS
+.IP &
+is replaced by the string matched by <pattern>
+.IP \ed
 (where
-.ul
-d
+.I d
 is a single digit) is replaced by the \fId\fRth substring
 matched by parts of <pattern> enclosed in `\e(' and `\e)'.
 If nested substrings occur in <pattern>, the \fId\fRth
 is determined by counting opening delimiters (`\e(').
-.if t .sp .5
+.RE
+.LP
 As in patterns, special characters may be made
 literal by preceding them with backslash (`\e').
-.if t .sp .5
-.in -1i
+.LP
 The <flags> argument may contain the following flags:
-.if t .sp .5
-.in +1i
-.ti -.5i
-g -- substitute <replacement> for all (non-overlapping)
+.RS
+.IP g
+substitute <replacement> for all (non-overlapping)
 instances of <pattern> in the line.
 After a successful substitution, the scan for the next
 instance of <pattern> begins just after the end of the
 inserted characters; characters put into the line from
 <replacement> are not rescanned.
-.if t .sp .5
-.ti -.5i
-p -- print the line if a successful replacement was done.
+.IP p
+print the line if a successful replacement was done.
 The
-.ul
-p
+.I p
 flag causes the line to be written to the output if and only
 if a substitution was actually made by the
-.ul
-s
+.I s
 function.
 Notice that if several
-.ul
-s
+.I s
 functions, each followed by a
-.ul
-p
+.I p
 flag, successfully substitute in the same input line,
 multiple copies of the line will be written to the
 output: one for each successful substitution.
-.if t .sp .5
-.ti -.5i
-w <filename> -- write the line to a file if a successful
-replacement was done.
+.IP "w <filename>"
+write the line to a file if a successful replacement was done.
 The
-.ul
-w
+.I w
 flag causes lines which are actually substituted by the
-.ul
-s
+.I s
 function to be written to a file named by <filename>.
 If <filename> exists before
-.ul
-sed
+.I sed
 is run, it is overwritten;
 if not, it is created.
-.if t .sp .5
-A single space must separate
-.ul
-w
-and <filename>.
-.if t .sp .5
 The possibilities of multiple, somewhat different copies of
 one input line being written are the same as for 
-.ul
-p.
-.if t .sp .5
+.I p.
 A maximum of 10 different file names may be mentioned after
-.ul
-w
+.I w
 flags and
-.ul
-w
+.I w
 functions (see below), combined.
-.in 0
+.RE
+.RE
 .SH
 Examples:
 .LP
 The following command, applied to our standard input,
 .LP
-.in +.5i
+.RS
 s/to/by/w changes
-.in -.5i
+.RE
 .LP
 produces, on the standard output:
 .LP
-.in +.5i
-.nf
+.DS I
 In Xanadu did Kubhla Khan
 A stately pleasure dome decree:
 Where Alph, the sacred river, ran
 Through caverns measureless by man
 Down by a sunless sea.
-.fi
-.in -.5i
+.DE
 .LP
 and, on the file `changes':
 .LP
-.in +.5i
-.nf
+.DS I
 Through caverns measureless by man
 Down by a sunless sea.
-.fi
-.in -.5i
+.DE
 .LP
 If the nocopy option is in effect, the command:
 .LP
-.in +.5i
-.nf
+.RS
 s/[.,;?:]/*P&*/gp
-.fi
-.in -.5i
+.RE
 .LP
 produces:
 .LP
-.in +.5i
-.nf
+.DS I
 A stately pleasure dome decree*P:*
 Where Alph*P,* the sacred river*P,* ran
 Down to a sunless sea*P.*
+.DE
 .LP
-.in -.5i
-.fi
 Finally, to illustrate the effect of the
-.ul
-g
+.I g
 flag,
 the command:
 .LP
-.in +.5i
-.nf
+.RS
 /X/s/an/AN/p
-.in -.5i
-.fi
+.RE
 .LP
 produces (assuming nocopy mode):
-.in +.5i
 .LP
-.nf
+.DS I
 In XANadu did Kubhla Khan
-.fi
-.in -.5i
+.DE
 .LP
 and the command:
 .LP
-.in +.5i
-.nf
+.RS
 /X/s/an/AN/gp
-.in -.5i
-.fi
+.RE
 .LP
 produces:
 .LP
-.in +.5i
-.nf
+.DS I
 In XANadu did Kubhla KhAN
-.in -.5i
-.fi
-.LP
-.in 0
+.DE
 .SH
 3.3. Input-output Functions
 .LP
-.in +1i
-.ti -.5i
 (2)p -- print
-.if t .sp .5
+.RS
+.LP
 The print function writes the addressed lines to the standard output file.
 They are written at the time the
-.ul
-p
+.I p
 function is encountered, regardless of what succeeding
 editing commands may do to the lines.
-.if t .sp .5
-.ti -.5i
+.RE
+.LP
 (2)w <filename> -- write on <filename>
-.if t .sp .5
+.RS
+.LP
 The write function writes the addressed lines to the file named
 by <filename>.
 If the file previously existed, it is overwritten; if not, it is created.
 The lines are written exactly as they exist when the write function
 is encountered for each line, regardless of what subsequent
 editing commands may do to them.
-.if t .sp .5
-Exactly one space must separate the
-.ul
-w
-and <filename>.
-.if t .sp .5
+.LP
 A maximum of ten different files may be mentioned in write
 functions and
-.ul
-w
+.I w
 flags after
-.ul
-s
+.I s
 functions, combined.
-.if t .sp .5
-.ti -.5i
+.RE
+.LP
 (1)r <filename> -- read the contents of a file
-.if t .sp .5
+.RS
+.LP
 The read function reads the contents of <filename>, and appends
 them after the line matched by the address.
 The file is read and appended regardless of what subsequent
 editing commands do to the line which matched its address.
 If
-.ul
-r
+.I r
 and
-.ul
-a
+.I a
 functions are executed on the same line,
 the text from the 
-.ul
-a
+.I a
 functions and the
-.ul
-r
+.I r
 functions is written to the output in the order that
 the functions are executed.
-.if t .sp .5
-Exactly one space must separate the
-.ul
-r
-and <filename>.
 If a file mentioned by a
-.ul
-r
+.I r
 function cannot be opened, it is considered a null file,
 not an error, and no diagnostic is given.
-.if t .sp .5
-.in -1i
+.LP
 NOTE:
 Since there is a limit to the number of files that can be opened
 simultaneously, care should be taken that no more than ten
 files be mentioned in
-.ul
-w
+.I w
 functions or flags; that number is reduced by one if any
-.ul
-r
+.I r
 functions are present.
 (Only one read file is open at one time.)
-.in 0
+.RE
 .SH
 Examples
 .LP
 Assume that the file `note1'
 has the following contents:
 .LP
-.in +1i
+.DS I
 Note:  Kubla Khan (more properly Kublai Khan; 1216-1294)
 was the grandson and most eminent successor of Genghiz
 (Chingiz) Khan, and founder of the Mongol dynasty in China.
+.DE
 .LP
-.in 0
 Then the following command:
 .LP
-.nf
-.in +.5i
+.RS
 /Kubla/r note1
-.in -.5i
-.fi
+.RE
 .LP
 produces:
 .LP
-.nf
-.in +.5i
+.DS I
 In Xanadu did Kubla Khan
-.in +.5i
-.fi
 Note:  Kubla Khan (more properly Kublai Khan; 1216-1294)
 was the grandson and most eminent successor of Genghiz
 (Chingiz) Khan, and founder of the Mongol dynasty in China.
-.in -.5i
-.nf
 A stately pleasure dome decree:
 Where Alph, the sacred river, ran
 Through caverns measureless to man
 Down to a sunless sea.
-.in -.5i
-.fi
-.LP
-.in 0
+.DE
 .SH
 3.4.
 Multiple Input-line Functions
@@ -1058,19 +892,19 @@ Three functions, all spelled with capital letters, deal
 specially with pattern spaces containing imbedded newlines;
 they are intended principally to provide pattern matches across
 lines in the input.
-.if t .sp .5
-.in +1i
-.ti -.5i
+.LP
 (2)N -- Next line
-.if t .sp .5
+.RS
+.LP
 The next input line is appended to the current line in the
 pattern space; the two input lines are separated by an imbedded
 newline.
 Pattern matches may extend across the imbedded newline(s).
-.if t .sp .5
-.ti -.5i
+.RE
+.LP
 (2)D -- Delete first part of the pattern space
-.if t .sp .5
+.RS
+.LP
 Delete up to and including the first newline character
 in the current pattern space.
 If the pattern space becomes empty (the only newline
@@ -1078,121 +912,114 @@ was the terminal newline),
 read another line from the input.
 In any case, begin the list of editing commands again
 from its beginning.
-.if t .sp .5
-.ti -.5i
+.RE
+.LP
 (2)P -- Print first part of the pattern space
-.if t .sp .5
+.RS
+.LP
 Print up to and including the first newline in the pattern space.
-.if t .sp .5
-.in 0
+.LP
 The 
-.ul
-P
+.I P
 and
-.ul
-D
+.I D
 functions are equivalent to their lower-case counterparts
 if there are no imbedded newlines in the pattern space.
-.in 0
+.RE
 .SH
 3.5.  Hold and Get Functions
 .LP
 Four functions save and retrieve part of the input for possible later
 use.
-.if t .sp .5
-.in 1i
-.ti -.5i
+.LP
 (2)h -- hold pattern space
-.if t .sp .5
+.RS
+.LP
 The
-.ul
-h
+.I h
 functions copies the contents of the pattern space
 into a hold area (destroying the previous contents of the
 hold area).
-.if t .sp .5
-.ti -.5i
+.RE
+.LP
 (2)H -- Hold pattern space
-.if t .sp .5
+.RS
+.LP
 The
-.ul
-H
+.I H
 function appends the contents of the pattern space
 to the contents of the hold area; the former and new contents
 are separated by a newline.
-.if t .sp .5
-.ti -.5i
+.RE
+.LP
 (2)g -- get contents of hold area
-.if t .sp .5
+.RS
+.LP
 The
-.ul
-g
+.I g
 function copies the contents of the hold area into
 the pattern space (destroying the previous contents of the
 pattern space).
-.if t .sp .5
-.ti -.5i
+.RE
+.LP
 (2)G -- Get contents of hold area
-.if t .sp .5
+.RS
+.LP
 The
-.ul
-G
+.I G
 function appends the contents of the hold area to the
 contents of the pattern space; the former and new contents are separated by
 a newline.
-.if t .sp .5
-.ti -.5i
+.RE
+.LP
 (2)x -- exchange
-.if t .sp .5
+.RS
 The exchange command interchanges the contents
 of the pattern space and the hold area.
-.in 0
+.RE
 .SH
 Example
 .LP
 The commands
-.nf
-.if t .sp .5
-	1h
-	1s/ did.*//
-	1x
-	G
-	s/\en/  :/
-.if t .sp .5
-.fi
+.LP
+.DS I
+1h
+1s/ did.*//
+1x
+G
+s/\en/  :/
+.DE
+.LP
 applied to our standard example, produce:
-.nf
-.if t .sp .5
-	In Xanadu did Kubla Khan  :In Xanadu
-	A stately pleasure dome decree:  :In Xanadu
-	Where Alph, the sacred river, ran  :In Xanadu
-	Through caverns measureless to man  :In Xanadu
-	Down to a sunless sea.  :In Xanadu
-.if t .sp .5
-.fi
+.LP
+.DS I
+In Xanadu did Kubla Khan  :In Xanadu
+A stately pleasure dome decree:  :In Xanadu
+Where Alph, the sacred river, ran  :In Xanadu
+Through caverns measureless to man  :In Xanadu
+Down to a sunless sea.  :In Xanadu
+.DE
 .SH
 3.6.  Flow-of-Control Functions
 .LP
 These functions do no editing on the input
 lines, but control the application of functions
 to the lines selected by the address part.
-.if t .sp .5
-.in +1i
-.ti -.5i
+.LP
 (2)! -- Don't
-.if t .sp .5
+.RS
+.LP
 The
-.ul
-Don't
+.I Don't
 command causes the next command
 (written on the same line), to be applied to all and only those input lines
-.ul
-not
+.I not
 selected by the adress part.
-.if t .sp .5
-.ti -.5i
+.RE
+.LP
 (2){ -- Grouping
-.if t .sp .5
+.RS
+.LP
 The grouping command `{' causes the
 next set of commands to be applied
 (or not applied) as a block to the
@@ -1206,26 +1033,26 @@ The group of commands is terminated by a
 matching `}' standing on a line by itself.
 .LP
 Groups can be nested.
-.ti -.5i
-.if t .sp .5
+.RE
+.LP
 (0):<label> -- place a label
-.if t .sp .5
+.RS
+.LP
 The label function marks a place in the list
 of editing commands which may be referred to by
-.ul
-b
+.I b
 and
-.ul
-t
+.I t
 functions.
 The <label> may be any sequence of eight or fewer characters;
 if two different colon functions have identical labels,
 a compile time diagnostic will be generated, and
 no execution attempted.
-.if t .sp .5
-.ti -.5i
+.RE
+.LP
 (2)b<label> -- branch to label
-.if t .sp .5
+.RS
+.LP
 The branch function causes  the sequence of editing commands being
 applied to the current input line to be restarted immediately
 after the place where a colon function with the same <label>
@@ -1233,61 +1060,57 @@ was encountered.
 If no colon function with the same label can be found after
 all the editing commands have been compiled, a compile time diagnostic
 is produced, and no execution is attempted.
-.if t .sp .5
+.LP
 A
-.ul
-b
+.I b
 function with no <label> is taken to be a branch to the end of the
 list of editing commands;
 whatever should be done with the current input line is done, and
 another input line is read; the list of editing commands is restarted from the
 beginning on the new line.
-.if t .sp .5
-.ti -.5i
+.RE
+.LP
 (2)t<label> -- test substitutions
-.if t .sp .5
+.RS
+.LP
 The
-.ul
-t
+.I t
 function tests whether 
-.ul
-any
+.I any
 successful substitutions have been made on the current input
 line;
 if so, it branches to <label>;
 if not, it does nothing.
 The flag which indicates that a successful substitution has
 been executed is reset by:
-.if t .sp .5
-.in +1i
-1) reading a new input line, or
+.LP
+.IP 1)
+reading a new input line, or
 .br
-2) executing a
-.ul
-t
+.IP 2)
+executing a
+.I t
 function.
-.if t .sp .5
-.in 0
+.RE
 .SH
 3.7. Miscellaneous Functions
 .LP
-.in +1i
-.ti -.5i
 (1)= -- equals
-.if t .sp .5
+.RS
+.LP
 The = function writes to the standard output the line number of the
 line matched by its address.
-.if t .sp .5
-.ti -.5i
+.RE
+.LP
 (1)q -- quit
-.if t .sp .5
+.RS
+.LP
 The
-.ul
-q
+.I q
 function causes the current line to be written to the
 output (if it should be), any appended or read text to be written, and
 execution to be terminated.
-.in 0
+.RE
 .SH
 .SH
 Reference