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+.ig \"-*- nroff -*-
+Copyright (C) 1989-1995 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of
+this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice
+are preserved on all copies.
+
+Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
+manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the
+entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
+permission notice identical to this one.
+
+Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this
+manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified
+versions, except that this permission notice may be included in
+translations approved by the Free Software Foundation instead of in
+the original English.
+..
+.\" Like TP, but if specified indent is more than half
+.\" the current line-length - indent, use the default indent.
+.de Tp
+.ie \\n(.$=0:((0\\$1)*2u>(\\n(.lu-\\n(.iu)) .TP
+.el .TP "\\$1"
+..
+.ie t .ds tx T\h'-.1667m'\v'.224m'E\v'-.224m'\h'-.125m'X
+.el .ds tx TeX
+.ie \n(.g .ds ic \/
+.el .ds ic \^
+.\" The BSD man macros can't handle " in arguments to font change macros,
+.\" so use \(ts instead of ".
+.tr \(ts"
+.TH @G@PIC @MAN1EXT@ "@MDATE@" "Groff Version @VERSION@"
+.SH NAME
+@g@pic \- compile pictures for troff or TeX
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B @g@pic
+[
+.B \-nvC
+]
+[
+.I filename
+\&.\|.\|.
+]
+.br
+.B @g@pic
+.B \-t
+[
+.B \-cvzC
+]
+[
+.I filename
+\&.\|.\|.
+]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.LP
+This manual page describes the GNU version of
+.BR pic ,
+which is part of the groff document formatting system.
+.B pic
+compiles descriptions of pictures embedded within
+.B troff
+or \*(tx input files into commands that are understood by \*(tx or
+.BR troff .
+Each picture starts with a line beginning with
+.B .PS
+and ends with a line beginning with
+.BR .PE .
+Anything outside of
+.B .PS
+and
+.B .PE
+is passed through without change.
+.LP
+It is the user's responsibility to provide appropriate definitions of the
+.B PS
+and
+.B PE
+macros.
+When the macro package being used does not supply such definitions
+(for example, old versions of \-ms),
+appropriate definitions can be obtained with
+.BR \-mpic :
+these will center each picture.
+.SH OPTIONS
+.LP
+Options that do not take arguments may be grouped behind a single
+.BR \- .
+The special option
+.B \-\^\-
+can be used to mark the end of the options.
+A filename of
+.B \-
+refers to the standard input.
+.TP
+.B \-C
+Recognize
+.B .PS
+and
+.B .PE
+even when followed by a character other than space or newline.
+.TP
+.B \-S
+Safer mode; do not execute
+.B sh
+commands.
+This can be useful when operating on untrustworthy input.
+.TP
+.B \-n
+Don't use the groff extensions to the troff drawing commands.
+You should use this if you are using a postprocessor that doesn't support
+these extensions.
+The extensions are described in
+.BR groff_out (@MAN5EXT@).
+The
+.B \-n
+option also causes pic
+not to use zero-length lines to draw dots in troff mode.
+.TP
+.B \-t
+\*(tx mode.
+.TP
+.B \-c
+Be more compatible with
+.BR tpic .
+Implies
+.BR \-t .
+Lines beginning with
+.B \e
+are not passed through transparently.
+Lines beginning with
+.B .
+are passed through with the initial
+.B .
+changed to
+.BR \e .
+A line beginning with
+.B .ps
+is given special treatment:
+it takes an optional integer argument specifying
+the line thickness (pen size) in milliinches;
+a missing argument restores the previous line thickness;
+the default line thickness is 8 milliinches.
+The line thickness thus specified takes effect only
+when a non-negative line thickness has not been
+specified by use of the
+.B thickness
+attribute or by setting the
+.B linethick
+variable.
+.TP
+.B \-v
+Print the version number.
+.TP
+.B \-z
+In \*(tx mode draw dots using zero-length lines.
+.LP
+The following options supported by other versions of
+.B pic
+are ignored:
+.TP
+.B \-D
+Draw all lines using the \eD escape sequence.
+.B pic
+always does this.
+.TP
+.BI \-T \ dev
+Generate output for the
+.B troff
+device
+.IR dev .
+This is unnecessary because the
+.B troff
+output generated by
+.B pic
+is device-independent.
+.SH USAGE
+This section describes only the differences between GNU pic and the original
+version of pic.
+Many of these differences also apply to newer versions of Unix pic.
+.SS \*(tx mode
+.LP
+\*(tx mode is enabled by the
+.B \-t
+option.
+In \*(tx mode, pic will define a vbox called
+.B \egraph
+for each picture.
+You must yourself print that vbox using, for example, the command
+.RS
+.LP
+.B
+\ecenterline{\ebox\egraph}
+.RE
+.LP
+Actually, since the vbox has a height of zero this will produce
+slightly more vertical space above the picture than below it;
+.RS
+.LP
+.B
+\ecenterline{\eraise 1em\ebox\egraph}
+.RE
+.LP
+would avoid this.
+.LP
+You must use a \*(tx driver that supports the
+.B tpic
+specials, version 2.
+.LP
+Lines beginning with
+.B \e
+are passed through transparently; a
+.B %
+is added to the end of the line to avoid unwanted spaces.
+You can safely use this feature to change fonts or to
+change the value of
+.BR \ebaselineskip .
+Anything else may well produce undesirable results; use at your own risk.
+Lines beginning with a period are not given any special treatment.
+.SS Commands
+.TP
+\fBfor\fR \fIvariable\fR \fB=\fR \fIexpr1\fR \fBto\fR \fIexpr2\fR \
+[\fBby\fR [\fB*\fR]\fIexpr3\fR] \fBdo\fR \fIX\fR \fIbody\fR \fIX\fR
+Set
+.I variable
+to
+.IR expr1 .
+While the value of
+.I variable
+is less than or equal to
+.IR expr2 ,
+do
+.I body
+and increment
+.I variable
+by
+.IR expr3 ;
+if
+.B by
+is not given, increment
+.I variable
+by 1.
+If
+.I expr3
+is prefixed by
+.B *
+then
+.I variable
+will instead be multiplied by
+.IR expr3 .
+.I X
+can be any character not occurring in
+.IR body .
+.TP
+\fBif\fR \fIexpr\fR \fBthen\fR \fIX\fR \fIif-true\fR \fIX\fR \
+[\fBelse\fR \fIY\fR \fIif-false\fR \fIY\fR]
+Evaluate
+.IR expr ;
+if it is non-zero then do
+.IR if-true ,
+otherwise do
+.IR if-false .
+.I X
+can be any character not occurring in
+.IR if-true .
+.I Y
+can be any character not occurring in
+.IR if-false .
+.TP
+\fBprint\fR \fIarg\fR\|.\|.\|.
+Concatenate the arguments and print as a line on stderr.
+Each
+.I arg
+must be an expression, a position, or text.
+This is useful for debugging.
+.TP
+\fBcommand\fR \fIarg\fR\|.\|.\|.
+Concatenate the arguments
+and pass them through as a line to troff or\*(tx.
+Each
+.I arg
+must be an expression, a position, or text.
+This has a similar effect to a line beginning with
+.B .
+or
+.BR \e ,
+but allows the values of variables to be passed through.
+.TP
+\fBsh\fR \fIX\fR \fIcommand\fR \fIX\fR
+Pass
+.I command
+to a shell.
+.I X
+can be any character not occurring in
+.IR command .
+.TP
+\fBcopy\fR \fB"\fIfilename\fB"\fR
+Include
+.I filename
+at this point in the file.
+.TP
+\fBcopy\fR [\fB"\fIfilename\fB"\fR] \fBthru\fR \fIX\fR \fIbody\fR \fIX\fR \
+[\fBuntil\fR \fB"\fIword\*(ic\fB"\fR]
+.ns
+.TP
+\fBcopy\fR [\fB"\fIfilename\fB"\fR] \fBthru\fR \fImacro\fR \
+[\fBuntil\fR \fB"\fIword\*(ic\fB"\fR]
+This construct does
+.I body
+once for each line of
+.IR filename ;
+the line is split into blank-delimited words,
+and occurrences of
+.BI $ i
+in
+.IR body ,
+for
+.I i
+between 1 and 9,
+are replaced by the
+.IR i -th
+word of the line.
+If
+.I filename
+is not given, lines are taken from the current input up to
+.BR .PE .
+If an
+.B until
+clause is specified,
+lines will be read only until a line the first word of which is
+.IR word ;
+that line will then be discarded.
+.I X
+can be any character not occurring in
+.IR body .
+For example,
+.RS
+.IP
+.ft B
+.nf
+\&.PS
+copy thru % circle at ($1,$2) % until "END"
+1 2
+3 4
+5 6
+END
+box
+\&.PE
+.ft
+.fi
+.RE
+.IP
+is equivalent to
+.RS
+.IP
+.ft B
+.nf
+\&.PS
+circle at (1,2)
+circle at (3,4)
+circle at (5,6)
+box
+\&.PE
+.ft
+.fi
+.RE
+.IP
+The commands to be performed for each line can also be taken
+from a macro defined earlier by giving the name of the macro
+as the argument to
+.BR thru .
+.LP
+.B reset
+.br
+.ns
+.TP
+\fBreset\fI variable1\fB,\fI variable2 .\^.\^.
+Reset pre-defined variables
+.IR variable1 ,
+.I variable2
+\&.\^.\^. to their default values.
+If no arguments are given, reset all pre-defined variables
+to their default values.
+Note that assigning a value to
+.B scale
+also causes all pre-defined variables that control dimensions
+to be reset to their default values times the new value of scale.
+.TP
+\fBplot\fR \fIexpr\fR [\fB"\fItext\*(ic\fB"\fR]
+This is a text object which is constructed by using
+.I text
+as a format string for sprintf
+with an argument of
+.IR expr .
+If
+.I text
+is omitted a format string of
+.B "\(ts%g\(ts"
+is used.
+Attributes can be specified in the same way as for a normal text
+object.
+Be very careful that you specify an appropriate format string;
+pic does only very limited checking of the string.
+This is deprecated in favour of
+.BR sprintf .
+.TP
+.IB variable := expr
+This is similar to
+.B =
+except
+.I variable
+must already be defined,
+and the value of
+.I variable
+will be changed only in the innermost block in which it is defined.
+(By contrast,
+.B =
+defines the variable in the current block if it is not already defined there,
+and then changes the value in the current block.)
+.LP
+Arguments of the form
+.IP
+.IR X\  anything\  X
+.LP
+are also allowed to be of the form
+.IP
+.BI {\  anything\  }
+.LP
+In this case
+.I anything
+can contain balanced occurrences of
+.B {
+and
+.BR } .
+Strings may contain
+.I X
+or imbalanced occurrences of
+.B {
+and
+.BR } .
+.SS Expressions
+The syntax for expressions has been significantly extended:
+.LP
+.IB  x\  ^\  y
+(exponentiation)
+.br
+.BI sin( x )
+.br
+.BI cos( x )
+.br
+.BI atan2( y , \ x )
+.br
+.BI log( x )
+(base 10)
+.br
+.BI exp( x )
+(base 10, ie 10\v'-.4m'\fIx\*(ic\fR\v'.4m')
+.br
+.BI sqrt( x )
+.br
+.BI int( x )
+.br
+.B rand()
+(return a random number between 0 and 1)
+.br
+.BI rand( x )
+(return a random number between 1 and
+.IR x ;
+deprecated)
+.br
+.BI max( e1 , \ e2 )
+.br
+.BI min( e1 , \ e2 )
+.br
+.BI ! e
+.br
+\fIe1\fB && \fIe2\fR
+.br
+\fIe1\fB || \fIe2\fR
+.br
+\fIe1\fB == \fIe2\fR
+.br
+\fIe1\fB != \fIe2\fR
+.br
+\fIe1\fB >= \fIe2\fR
+.br
+\fIe1\fB > \fIe2\fR
+.br
+\fIe1\fB <= \fIe2\fR
+.br
+\fIe1\fB < \fIe2\fR
+.br
+\fB"\fIstr1\*(ic\fB" == "\fIstr2\*(ic\fB"\fR
+.br
+\fB"\fIstr1\*(ic\fB" != "\fIstr2\*(ic\fB"\fR
+.br
+.LP
+String comparison expressions must be parenthesised in some contexts
+to avoid ambiguity.
+.SS Other Changes
+.LP
+A bare expression,
+.IR expr ,
+is acceptable as an attribute;
+it is equivalent to
+.IR dir\ expr ,
+where
+.I dir
+is the current direction.
+For example
+.IP
+.B line 2i
+.LP
+means draw a line 2 inches long in the current direction.
+.LP
+The maximum width and height of the picture are taken from the variables
+.B maxpswid
+and
+.BR maxpsht .
+Initially these have values 8.5 and 11.
+.LP
+Scientific notation is allowed for numbers.
+For example
+.RS
+.B
+x = 5e\-2
+.RE
+.LP
+Text attributes can be compounded.
+For example,
+.RS
+.B
+"foo" above ljust
+.RE
+is legal.
+.LP
+There is no limit to the depth to which blocks can be examined.
+For example,
+.RS
+.B
+[A: [B: [C: box ]]] with .A.B.C.sw at 1,2
+.br
+.B
+circle at last [\^].A.B.C
+.RE
+is acceptable.
+.LP
+Arcs now have compass points
+determined by the circle of which the arc is a part.
+.LP
+Circles and arcs can be dotted or dashed.
+In \*(tx mode splines can be dotted or dashed.
+.LP
+Boxes can have rounded corners.
+The
+.B rad
+attribute specifies the radius of the quarter-circles at each corner.
+If no
+.B rad
+or
+.B diam
+attribute is given, a radius of
+.B boxrad
+is used.
+Initially,
+.B boxrad
+has a value of 0.
+A box with rounded corners can be dotted or dashed.
+.LP
+The
+.B .PS
+line can have a second argument specifying a maximum height for
+the picture.
+If the width of zero is specified the width will be ignored in computing
+the scaling factor for the picture.
+Note that GNU pic will always scale a picture by the same amount
+vertically as horizontally.
+This is different from the
+.SM DWB
+2.0 pic which may scale a picture by a
+different amount vertically than horizontally if a height is
+specified.
+.LP
+Each text object has an invisible box associated with it.
+The compass points of a text object are determined by this box.
+The implicit motion associated with the object is also determined
+by this box.
+The dimensions of this box are taken from the width and height attributes;
+if the width attribute is not supplied then the width will be taken to be
+.BR textwid ;
+if the height attribute is not supplied then the height will be taken to be
+the number of text strings associated with the object
+times
+.BR textht .
+Initially
+.B textwid
+and
+.B textht
+have a value of 0.
+.LP
+In places where a quoted text string can be used,
+an expression of the form
+.IP
+.BI sprintf(\(ts format \(ts,\  arg ,\fR.\|.\|.\fB)
+.LP
+can also be used;
+this will produce the arguments formatted according to
+.IR format ,
+which should be a string as described in
+.BR printf (3)
+appropriate for the number of arguments supplied,
+using only the
+.BR e ,
+.BR f ,
+.B g
+or
+.B %
+format characters.
+.LP
+The thickness of the lines used to draw objects is controlled by the
+.B linethick
+variable.
+This gives the thickness of lines in points.
+A negative value means use the default thickness:
+in \*(tx output mode, this means use a thickness of 8 milliinches;
+in \*(tx output mode with the
+.B -c
+option, this means use the line thickness specified by
+.B .ps
+lines;
+in troff output mode, this means use a thickness proportional
+to the pointsize.
+A zero value means draw the thinnest possible line supported by
+the output device.
+Initially it has a value of -1.
+There is also a
+.BR thick [ ness ]
+attribute.
+For example,
+.RS
+.LP
+.B circle thickness 1.5
+.RE
+.LP
+would draw a circle using a line with a thickness of 1.5 points.
+The thickness of lines is not affected by the
+value of the
+.B scale
+variable, nor by the width or height given in the
+.B .PS
+line.
+.LP
+Boxes (including boxes with rounded corners),
+circles and ellipses can be filled by giving then an attribute of
+.BR fill [ ed ].
+This takes an optional argument of an expression with a value between
+0 and 1; 0 will fill it with white, 1 with black, values in between
+with a proportionally gray shade.
+A value greater than 1 can also be used:
+this means fill with the
+shade of gray that is currently being used for text and lines.
+Normally this will be black, but output devices may provide
+a mechanism for changing this.
+Without an argument, then the value of the variable
+.B fillval
+will be used.
+Initially this has a value of 0.5.
+The invisible attribute does not affect the filling of objects.
+Any text associated with a filled object will be added after the
+object has been filled, so that the text will not be obscured
+by the filling.
+.LP
+Arrow heads will be drawn as solid triangles if the variable
+.B arrowhead
+is non-zero and either \*(tx mode is enabled or
+the
+.B \-x
+option has been given.
+Initially
+.B arrowhead
+has a value of 1.
+.LP
+The troff output of pic is device-independent.
+The
+.B \-T
+option is therefore redundant.
+All numbers are taken to be in inches; numbers are never interpreted
+to be in troff machine units.
+.LP
+Objects can have an
+.B aligned
+attribute.
+This will only work when the postprocessor is
+.BR grops .
+Any text associated with an object having the
+.B aligned
+attribute will be rotated about the center of the object
+so that it is aligned in the direction from the start point
+to the end point of the object.
+Note that this attribute will have no effect for objects whose start and
+end points are coincident.
+.LP
+In places where
+.IB n th
+is allowed
+.BI ` expr 'th
+is also allowed.
+Note that
+.B 'th
+is a single token: no space is allowed between the
+.B '
+and the
+.BR th .
+For example,
+.IP
+.B
+.nf
+for i = 1 to 4 do {
+   line from `i'th box.nw to `i+1'th box.se
+}
+.fi
+.SH FILES
+.Tp \w'\fB@MACRODIR@/tmac.pic'u+3n
+.B
+@MACRODIR@/tmac.pic
+Example definitions of the
+.B PS
+and
+.B PE
+macros.
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.BR @g@troff (@MAN1EXT@),
+.BR groff_out (@MAN5EXT@),
+.BR tex (1)
+.br
+Tpic: Pic for \*(tx
+.br
+AT&T Bell Laboratories, Computing Science Technical Report No.\ 116,
+PIC \(em A Graphics Language for Typesetting.
+(This can be obtained by sending a mail message to netlib@research.att.com
+with a body of `send\ 116\ from\ research/cstr'.)
+.SH BUGS
+.LP
+Input characters that are illegal for
+.B groff
+(ie those with
+.SM ASCII
+code 0 or between 013 and 037 octal or between 0200 and 0237 octal)
+are rejected even in \*(tx mode.
+.LP
+The interpretation of
+.B fillval
+is incompatible with the pic in 10th edition Unix,
+which interprets 0 as black and 1 as white.