diff options
| author | Todd C. Miller <millert@cvs.openbsd.org> | 1997-01-14 04:36:59 +0000 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Todd C. Miller <millert@cvs.openbsd.org> | 1997-01-14 04:36:59 +0000 |
| commit | 1ae4062a51f269066f014b8d7eff07ee0358310a (patch) | |
| tree | 2909250b33eb5cad99f81d8199b7ad9d99fa1af6 /share/zoneinfo/datfiles/europe | |
| parent | 58e66d894986eb6bf05241d3b6ae57f7bdf1982b (diff) | |
Update to tzdata1996n
Diffstat (limited to 'share/zoneinfo/datfiles/europe')
| -rw-r--r-- | share/zoneinfo/datfiles/europe | 1688 |
1 files changed, 947 insertions, 741 deletions
diff --git a/share/zoneinfo/datfiles/europe b/share/zoneinfo/datfiles/europe index 01bcf25268c..ac1aec13bea 100644 --- a/share/zoneinfo/datfiles/europe +++ b/share/zoneinfo/datfiles/europe @@ -1,15 +1,23 @@ -# $OpenBSD: europe,v 1.4 1996/05/22 12:20:19 deraadt Exp $ -# @(#)europe 7.37 +# $OpenBSD: europe,v 1.5 1997/01/14 04:36:52 millert Exp $ +# @(#)europe 7.42 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to # tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). -# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1995-12-19): +# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-11-22): # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is # Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (3rd edition), # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991). -# Except where otherwise noted, it is the source for the data below. +# +# Gwillim Law <LAW@encmail.encompass.com> writes that a good source +# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport +# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), +# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries +# of the IATA's data after 1990. +# +# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1990, +# and IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. # # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which @@ -17,44 +25,26 @@ # # I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. -# The starred Russian names are dubious. Corrections are welcome! +# Corrections are welcome! # std dst # LMT Local Mean Time -# LST Local Star Time (Russian ``mestnoe zvezdnoe vremya'') # -4:00 AST Atlantic -# -3:00 WGT+DST Western Greenland* -# -2:00 MGT+DST Middle Greenland* -# -1:00 EGT+DST Eastern Greenland* -# -1:00 ACT+DST Azores and Canaries* -# -1:00 IST IDT Iceland (no longer used)* +# -3:00 WGT WGST Western Greenland* +# -1:00 EGT EGST Eastern Greenland* # 0:00 GMT BST Greenwich, British Summer -# 0:00 WET+DST Western Europe -# 1:00 MET+DST Middle Europe -# 2:00 EET+DST Eastern Europe +# 0:00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer +# 0:00 WET WEST Western Europe +# 1:00 CET CEST Central Europe +# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe # 3:00 MSK MSD Moscow -# 3:00 TUR+DST Turkey (no longer used)* -# 4:00 KSK KSD Kuybyshev (was 3:00)* -# 5:00 ESK ESD Yekaterinburg (was 4:00) (was SSK, SSD)* -# 6:00 OSK OSD Omsk (was 5:00)* -# 6:00 NSK NSD Novosibirsk (was 7:00) -# 7:00 KRSK KRSD Krasnoyarsk (was 6:00) -# 8:00 ISK ISD Irkutsk (was 7:00)* -# 9:00 YSK YSD Yakutsk (was 8:00)* -# 10:00 VSK VSD Vladivostok (was 9:00)* -# 11:00 MSK MSD Magadan (was 10:00)* -# 12:00 PSK PSD Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski (was 11:00)* -# 13:00 ASK ASD Anadyr (was 12:00)* -# -# See the `africa' file for Zone naming conventions. +# +# See the `africa' file for time zone naming and abbreviation conventions. # # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones, especially in Britain, # is Derek Howse, Greenwich time and the discovery of the longitude, # Oxford University Press (1980). -# From Andrew A. Chernov <ache@astral.msk.su> (November 12, 1993): -# LST is Local Star Time (``mestnoe zvezdnoe vremya''). - -# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (December 4, 1994), +# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-12-04), # The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy, # Luxembourg, the Netherlands. # Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom. @@ -75,11 +65,13 @@ # different end date for the UK and Ireland, and this was always allowed # in the Directive. + ############################################################################### # United Kingdom +# The UK and its colonies adopted the Gregorian calendar on 1752-09-14. -# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (July 6, 1994): +# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-07-06): # # On 17 Jan 1994 the Independent, a UK quality newspaper, had a piece about # historical vistas along the Thames in west London. There was a photo @@ -87,7 +79,7 @@ # of the text said: # # `An old stone obelisk marking a forgotten terrestrial meridian stands -# beside the river at Kew. In the 18th century, before time and longditude +# beside the river at Kew. In the 18th century, before time and longitude # was standardised by the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, scholars observed # this stone and the movement of stars from Kew Observatory nearby. They # made their calculations and set the time for the Horse Guards and Parliament, @@ -95,12 +87,12 @@ # along the towpath within a few yards of it.' # # I have a one inch to one mile map of London and my estimate of the stone's -# position is 51 deg. 28' 30" N, 0 deg. 18' 45" W. The longditude should +# position is 51 deg. 28' 30" N, 0 deg. 18' 45" W. The longitude should # be within about +-2". The Ordnance Survey grid reference is TQ172761. # # [This yields GMTOFF = -0:01:15 for London LMT in the 18th century.] -# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993): +# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1993-11-18): # # Howse writes that Britain was the first country to use standard time. # The railways cared most about the inconsistencies of local mean time, @@ -126,7 +118,22 @@ # transition date for London, namely 1847 Sep 22. We don't know as much # about Dublin, so we use 1880 Aug 2, the legal transition time. -# From Arthur David Olson (January 19, 1989): +# From Paul Eggert (1996-06-12): +# Summer Time was first seriously proposed by William Willett (1857-1915), +# a London builder who circulated a pamphlet ``Waste of Daylight'' (1907) +# that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April, +# and retarding them by the same amount on four Sundays in September. +# A bill was drafted in 1909 and introduced in Parliament several times, +# but it met with ridicule and opposition, especially from farming interests. +# One-hour Summer Time was eventually adopted as a wartime measure in 1916. + +# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): +# The OED Supplement says that the English originally said ``Daylight Saving'' +# when they were debating the adoption of DST in 1908; but by 1916 this +# term appears only in quotes taken from DST's opponents, whereas the +# proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using ``Summer''. + +# From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-19): # # A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's # known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom. @@ -137,7 +144,7 @@ # If you can predict what Parliament will do, you should be in # politics making a fortune, not computing. -# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (September 3, 1993): +# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1993-09-03): # # Our Government...couldn't...make a decision after the 1989 consultation # exercise about the UK changing its timezone so it just let things drift @@ -161,10 +168,10 @@ # It ends at 02:00 GMT on the morning of the day after the fourth Saturday # in October. (All the redundant `morning of the day ...' is in the Act.) # This is only of passing interest now as it will always be overridden by -# an Order in Council (a Statutary Instrument, the SI thing mentioned above) +# an Order in Council (a Statutory Instrument, the SI thing mentioned above) # to specify the EC specified dates. -# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (October 18, 1993): +# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1993-10-18): # # My contact in the Ministry of Defence Public Relations department # accepted the challenge of looking into this and produced the following, @@ -186,7 +193,13 @@ # Sunday, but in the night of Sunday- Monday so that it will operate from # Monday, 2nd April.' -# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (September 3, 1993): +# From Chris Carrier <72157.3334@CompuServe.COM> (1996-06-14): +# I remember reading in various wartime issues of the London Times the +# acronym BDST for British Double Summer Time. Look for the published +# time of sunrise and sunset in The Times, when BDST was in effect, and +# if you find a zone reference it will say, "All times B.D.S.T." + +# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1993-09-03): # # > # Current rules # > Rule GB-Eire 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 BST @@ -210,7 +223,7 @@ # summer time completely, noon is when the Sun is overhead, and that should # be the end of it. -# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (October 22, 1993): +# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1993-10-22): # # I now have the text of the Summer Time Act 1916, the granddaddy of them all. # It is headed: `An Act to provide for the Time in Great Britain and Ireland @@ -243,7 +256,7 @@ # It also confirms the fact that Ireland followed Dublin time back then, # and 25 minutes behind Greenwich, as Shanks has it, would be correct. -# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (October 28, 1993): +# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1993-10-28): # # I now have before me, thanks to my learned legal friend Lorna, the text of # the Time (Ireland) Act 1916. @@ -266,7 +279,7 @@ # of the 1880 date in Shanks. The little bit of it that is repealed # also refers solely to Ireland and Dublin Mean Time. -# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (October 29, 1993): +# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1993-10-29): # # My case is that, with the sole exception of Ireland in 1916 using Dublin # Mean Time, Summer Time has been uniform throughout the United Kingdom @@ -315,7 +328,7 @@ # so that part of the 1922 Act will still apply. # # - The Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939, SR&O 1939 No. 1379 -# [SR&O == Statutary Regulation and Order] +# [SR&O == Statutory Regulation and Order] # # These were made under the Emergency Powers (Defence) Act, 1939. # It changes the end date to be the day after the third Saturday in November. @@ -391,7 +404,7 @@ # harmonise with the EC since 1981. The major change is that the time changes # to 01:00 GMT.) # -# - The Summer Time Order, 1992, SI 1992/1729 [SI == Statutary Instrument] +# - The Summer Time Order, 1992, SI 1992/1729 [SI == Statutory Instrument] # # This specifies dates of: # Start End @@ -419,7 +432,23 @@ # who provided the wartime regulations and a snippet of Hansard explaining # why double summer time started on a Monday in 1945 (it was Easter). -# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (November 18, 1993) +# From Peter Ilieve <peter@aldie.co.uk> (1996-05-29): +# I have now got a copy of the British Standard Time Act 1968. +# It says (S4(2)) that it expires at 02:00 GMT on 31 October 1971 unless +# an Order in Council was passed in Parliament to make the Act permanent. +# No Order was passed, so 02:00 1971-10-31 it is... +# +# Interestingly, it says baldly `This Act shall come into force on +# 27 October 1968', without giving a time. As S1 of the Act merely +# stated that `The time for general purposes in the United Kingdom +# (to be known as British standard time) shall be one hour in +# advance of Greenwich mean time throughout the year; ...' you could +# possibly argue that the start time of BStandardT was 00:00 1968-10-27, +# especially as the Act repealed the Summer Time Acts 1916--1947 in toto, +# thereby destroying the authority of the Summer Time Order specifying +# summer time in 1968.... + +# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1993-11-18) # # Here is a revised version of my tabrules file for the perl script I sent # before. I have personally verified the various Orders back to 1953 and @@ -584,7 +613,7 @@ # 1993 28 Mar 24 Oct fixed # 1994 27 Mar 23 Oct fixed -# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (August 18, 1994): +# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-08-18): # I now have the text of the 7th EC directive on summer time arrangements # (94/21/EC), which was approved on 30 May.... # The major changes from existing practice are that 1995 will be the last year @@ -607,7 +636,7 @@ # by the Commission by 1 Jan 96. They have not yet appeared (I asked just # before Easter). -# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (March 28, 1994): +# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-03-28): # The [GB-Eire] end date of 22 October [1995] conflicts with your current rule # of Oct Sun>=23, and the historical UK formula of Sun after 4th Sat. # The last time 4th Sun and Sun after 4th Sat differed was in 1989, @@ -618,7 +647,7 @@ # To maintain strict historical accuracy you could start a new UK ending rule # of Oct Sun>=22 in 1990. -# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993): +# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-06-12): # # As Ilieve remarks, the date `20 April 1924' in the table of ``Summer Time: A # Consultation Document'' (Cm 722, 1989) table is a transcription error; @@ -638,15 +667,28 @@ # It actually just had one transition. # * Northern Ireland used single daylight savings time throughout WW II. # Actually, it conformed to Britain. +# * GB-Eire changed standard time to 1 hour ahead of GMT on 1968-02-18. +# Actually, that date saw the usual switch to summer time. +# Standard time was not changed until 1968-10-27 (the clocks didn't change). # -# The following claim by Shanks is possible though doubtful; -# we'll ignore it for now. +# The following claims by Shanks are possible though doubtful; +# we'll ignore them for now. # * Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man did not switch from GMT # to daylight savings time until 1921 Apr 3, when they began to # conform with Great Britain. +# * Dublin's 1971-10-31 switch was at 02:00, even though London's was 03:00. +# # # Whitman says Dublin Mean Time was -0:25:21, which is more precise than Shanks. +# From an anonymous contributor (1996-06-02): +# The law governing time in Ireland is under Statutory Instrument SI 395/94, +# which gives force to European Union 7th Council Directive # 94/21/EC. +# Under this directive, the Minister for Justice in Ireland makes appropriate +# regulations. I spoke this morning with the Secretary of the Department of +# Justice (tel +353 1 678 9711) who confirmed to me that the correct name is +# "Irish Summer Time", abbreviated to "IST". + # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S # 1916 to 1925--irregular Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - May 21 2:00s 1:00 BST @@ -682,18 +724,18 @@ Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST # 1939 end to 1947--irregular, and with double summer time Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Nov 19 2:00s 0 GMT Rule GB-Eire 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00s 1:00 BST -Rule GB-Eire 1941 only - May Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 DST +Rule GB-Eire 1941 only - May Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST Rule GB-Eire 1941 1943 - Aug Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST -Rule GB-Eire 1942 1944 - Apr Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 DST +Rule GB-Eire 1942 1944 - Apr Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST Rule GB-Eire 1944 only - Sep Sun>=16 1:00s 1:00 BST # Double daylight starts on a Monday in 1945--see above. -Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Apr 2 1:00s 2:00 DST +Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Apr 2 1:00s 2:00 BDST Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Jul 15 1:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 GMT Rule GB-Eire 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1946 only - Oct 6 2:00s 0 GMT Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Mar 16 2:00s 1:00 BST -Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Apr 13 1:00s 2:00 DST +Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Apr 13 1:00s 2:00 BDST Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Aug 10 1:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 GMT # So much for double saving time. 1948 and 1949, irregular. @@ -711,11 +753,11 @@ Rule GB-Eire 1958 1959 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1960 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1961 1963 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1964 1967 - Mar Sun>=19 2:00s 1:00 BST +Rule GB-Eire 1968 only - Feb 18 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST # 1953 to 1980, ending rules Rule GB-Eire 1953 1960 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 GMT -Rule GB-Eire 1961 1967 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT -Rule GB-Eire 1971 only - Oct 31 3:00 0 GMT +Rule GB-Eire 1961 1968 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT # 1981 on Rule GB-Eire 1981 1995 - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 BST @@ -725,29 +767,30 @@ Rule GB-Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u 0 GMT # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Sep 22 - 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Feb 18 2:00 - 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00 + 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27 + 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996 0:00 EU GMT/BST Zone Europe/Belfast -0:23:40 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 # Dublin MT - -0:25:21 1:00 DST 1916 Oct 1 3:00 - 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Feb 18 2:00 - 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 3:00 + -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 3:00 # Irish Summer Time + 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27 + 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996 0:00 EU GMT/BST Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:21 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 # Dublin MT - -0:25:21 1:00 DST 1916 Oct 1 3:00 - 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1940 Feb 25 2:00 - 0:00 1:00 BST 1946 Oct 6 2:00 + -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 3:00 + 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1921 Dec 6 # independence + 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25 2:00 + 0:00 1:00 IST 1946 Oct 6 2:00 0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00 - 0:00 1:00 BST 1947 Nov 2 2:00 + 0:00 1:00 IST 1947 Nov 2 2:00 0:00 - GMT 1948 Apr 18 2:00 - 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Feb 18 2:00 - 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 3:00 - 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996 - 0:00 EU GMT/BST + 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1968 Oct 27 + 1:00 - IST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u + 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1996 + 0:00 EU GMT/IST ############################################################################### @@ -757,259 +800,295 @@ Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:21 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 # Common Market, etc. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -Rule EU 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00u 1:00 " DST" +Rule EU 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00u 1:00 S Rule EU 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - Rule EU 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00u 0 - Rule EU 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - -Rule EU 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 " DST" +Rule EU 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S Rule EU 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 - # W-Eur differs from EU only in that W-Eur uses standard time. -Rule W-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule W-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S Rule W-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - Rule W-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00s 0 - Rule W-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - -Rule W-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule W-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S Rule W-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 - -# Older M-Eur rules are for convenience in the tables. -# From 1977 on, M-Eur differs from EU only in that M-Eur uses standard time. -Rule M-Eur 1916 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 " DST" -Rule M-Eur 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - -Rule M-Eur 1917 1918 - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule M-Eur 1917 1918 - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 - -Rule M-Eur 1940 only - Apr 1 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +# Older C-Eur rules are for convenience in the tables. +# From 1977 on, C-Eur differs from EU only in that C-Eur uses standard time. +Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S +Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - +Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 - +Rule C-Eur 1940 only - Apr 1 2:00s 1:00 S # Whitman says 1941 DST was only from Feb 25 to Oct 5; go with Shanks. -Rule M-Eur 1942 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 - -Rule M-Eur 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule M-Eur 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00s 0 - -Rule M-Eur 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule C-Eur 1942 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 - +Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00s 0 - +Rule C-Eur 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S # Whitman gives 1944 Oct 7; go with Shanks. -Rule M-Eur 1944 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 - -Rule M-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule M-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - -Rule M-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - -Rule M-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - -Rule M-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule M-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - +Rule C-Eur 1944 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 - +Rule C-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule C-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - +Rule C-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - +Rule C-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - +Rule C-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule C-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - + +# E-Eur differs from EU only in that E-Eur switches at midnight local time. +Rule E-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S +Rule E-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - +Rule E-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - +Rule E-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - +Rule E-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S +Rule E-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -Rule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 " DST" -Rule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 - -Rule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 " DDST" -Rule Russia 1918 only - Sep 17 0:00 1:00 " DST" -Rule Russia 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 " DDST" -Rule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 D -Rule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 K -Rule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 D +Rule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 MST # Moscow Summer Time +Rule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 MMT # Moscow Mean Time +Rule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 MDST # Moscow Double Summer Time +Rule Russia 1918 only - Sep 17 0:00 1:00 MST +Rule Russia 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 MDST +Rule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 S +Rule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 - +Rule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S # Shanks gives 1921 Mar 21 for the following transition. -# From Andrew A. Chernov <ache@astral.msk.su> (November 12, 1993): +# From Andrey A. Chernov <ache@astral.msk.su> (1993-11-12): # My sources says, that it is Mar 20, not 21. -Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 DD -Rule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D -Rule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 K -Rule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D -Rule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 K -Rule Russia 1984 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 K -Rule Russia 1985 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D +Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 DS +Rule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Russia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - +Rule Russia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule Russia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S +Rule Russia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 - +Rule Russia 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule Russia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - +Rule Russia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - # These are for backward compatibility with older versions. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone WET 0:00 EU WET%s -Zone MET 1:00 M-Eur MET%s -Zone EET 2:00 EU EET%s +Zone WET 0:00 EU WE%sT +Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT +Zone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT +Zone EET 2:00 EU EE%sT -# Tom Hoffman says that MET is also known as Central European Time +# Previous editions of this database used abbreviations like MET DST +# for Central European Summer Time, but this didn't agree with common usage. + +# From Markus Kuhn <mskuhn@unrza3.dialin.rrze.uni-erlangen.de> (1996-07-12): +# The official German names ... are +# +# Mitteleuropaeische Zeit (MEZ) = UTC+01:00 +# Mitteleuropaeische Sommerzeit (MESZ) = UTC+02:00 +# +# as defined in the German Time Act (Gesetz ueber die Zeitbestimmung (ZeitG), +# 1978-07-25, Bundesgesetzblatt, Jahrgang 1978, Teil I, S. 1110-1111).... +# I wrote ... to the German Federal Physical-Technical Institution +# +# Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) +# Laboratorium 4.41 "Zeiteinheit" +# Postfach 3345 +# D-38023 Braunschweig +# phone: +49 531 592-0 +# +# ... I received today an answer letter from Dr. Peter Hetzel, head of the PTB +# department for time and frequency transmission. He explained that the +# PTB translates MEZ and MESZ into English as +# +# Central European Time (CET) = UTC+01:00 +# Central European Summer Time (CEST) = UTC+02:00 -Link MET CET # Albania # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -Rule Albania 1940 only - Jun 16 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Albania 1940 only - Jun 16 0:00 1:00 S Rule Albania 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - -Rule Albania 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Albania 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S Rule Albania 1943 only - Apr 10 3:00 0 - -Rule Albania 1974 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Albania 1974 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 S Rule Albania 1974 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - -Rule Albania 1975 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Albania 1975 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Albania 1975 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - -Rule Albania 1976 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Albania 1976 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S Rule Albania 1976 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - -Rule Albania 1977 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Albania 1977 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S Rule Albania 1977 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - -Rule Albania 1978 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Albania 1978 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S Rule Albania 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - -Rule Albania 1979 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Albania 1979 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 S Rule Albania 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - -Rule Albania 1980 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Albania 1980 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 S Rule Albania 1980 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - -Rule Albania 1981 only - Apr 26 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Albania 1981 only - Apr 26 0:00 1:00 S Rule Albania 1981 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 - -Rule Albania 1982 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Albania 1982 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S Rule Albania 1982 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - -Rule Albania 1983 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Albania 1983 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 S Rule Albania 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - -Rule Albania 1984 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Albania 1984 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Albania 1984 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Tirane 1:19:20 - LMT 1914 - 1:00 - MET 1940 Jun 16 - 1:00 Albania MET%s 1985 Mar 31 1:00 - 1:00 W-Eur MET%s -# This may change to `EU' soon. + 1:00 - CET 1940 Jun 16 + 1:00 Albania CE%sT 1985 Mar 31 1:00 + 1:00 W-Eur CE%sT 1991 + 1:00 EU CE%sT # Andorra # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Andorra 0:06:04 - LMT 1901 0:00 - WET 1946 Sep 30 - 1:00 - MET 1985 Mar 31 2:00 - 1:00 EU MET%s + 1:00 - CET 1985 Mar 31 2:00 + 1:00 EU CE%sT # Austria # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -Rule Austria 1920 only - Apr 5 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Austria 1920 only - Apr 5 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Austria 1920 only - Sep 13 2:00s 0 - -Rule Austria 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Austria 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Austria 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - -Rule Austria 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Austria 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Austria 1946 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - -Rule Austria 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule Austria 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Austria 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule Austria 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Vienna 1:05:20 - LMT 1893 Apr - 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1918 Jun 16 3:00 - 1:00 Austria MET%s 1940 Apr 1 2:00 - 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 Apr 2 2:00 - 1:00 Austria MET%s 1981 - 1:00 EU MET%s + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Jun 16 3:00 + 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1940 Apr 1 2:00 + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 + 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1981 + 1:00 EU CE%sT # Belarus # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880 - 2:31 Russia LST%s 1919 Jul 1 2:00 - 3:00 Russia MS%s 1922 Oct + 2:30:20 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 2:00 + 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1922 Oct 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 - 3:00 Russia MS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 2:00 1:00 "EET DST" 1991 Sep 29 2:00s - 2:00 M-Eur EET%s -# This may change to `EU' soon. + 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s + 2:00 - EET 1992 Mar 29 0:00 + 2:00 1:00 EEST 1992 Sep 27 0:00 + 2:00 Russia EE%sT # Belgium # Whitman and Shanks disagree; go with Shanks, usually. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S # From Whitman: -Rule Belgium 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Belgium 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Belgium 1919 only - Oct 4 23:00s 0 - # Shanks gives 1920 Feb 14 23:00s; go with Whitman. -Rule Belgium 1920 1921 - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Belgium 1920 1921 - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Belgium 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - Rule Belgium 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 - -Rule Belgium 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Belgium 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S # Whitman gives 1927 Oct 1 2:00s and 1928 Oct 7 2:00s; go with Shanks. Rule Belgium 1922 1928 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - -Rule Belgium 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule Belgium 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule Belgium 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule Belgium 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule Belgium 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule Belgium 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule Belgium 1929 only - Apr 21 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Belgium 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule Belgium 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule Belgium 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule Belgium 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule Belgium 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule Belgium 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule Belgium 1929 only - Apr 21 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Belgium 1929 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 - -Rule Belgium 1930 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule Belgium 1931 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule Belgium 1932 only - Apr 17 2:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule Belgium 1933 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule Belgium 1934 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule Belgium 1935 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule Belgium 1936 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Belgium 1930 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule Belgium 1931 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule Belgium 1932 only - Apr 17 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule Belgium 1933 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule Belgium 1934 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule Belgium 1935 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule Belgium 1936 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S # Whitman says 1937 Apr 18 2:00s; go with Shanks. -Rule Belgium 1937 only - Apr 4 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Belgium 1937 only - Apr 4 2:00s 1:00 S # Whitman says 1938 Apr 10 2:00s; go with Shanks. -Rule Belgium 1938 only - Mar 27 2:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule Belgium 1939 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Belgium 1938 only - Mar 27 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule Belgium 1939 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Belgium 1939 only - Nov 19 2:00s 0 - -Rule Belgium 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Belgium 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - -Rule Belgium 1946 only - May 19 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Belgium 1946 only - May 19 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Belgium 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Brussels 0:17:20 - LMT 1880 - 0:17 - BST 1892 May 1 12:00 + 0:17:20 - BMT 1892 May 1 12:00 # Brussels MT 0:00 - WET 1914 Aug 4 - 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1919 Mar 1 23:00 - 0:00 Belgium WET%s 1940 Feb 24 23:00 - 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 Apr 2 2:00 - 1:00 Belgium MET%s 1977 - 1:00 EU MET%s + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1919 Mar 1 23:00 + 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 Feb 24 23:00 + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 + 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977 + 1:00 EU CE%sT # Bosnia and Herzegovina -# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1918 Mar 18. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Sarajevo 1:13:40 - LMT 1884 - 1:00 - MET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 - 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 May 8 2:00s - 1:00 1:00 "MET DST" 1945 Sep 16 2:00s - 1:00 - MET 1983 - 1:00 EU MET%s + 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s + 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s + 1:00 - CET 1983 + 1:00 EU CE%sT # Bulgaria -# Part switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1915 Nov 14; -# the rest switched on 1920 Sep 17. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -Rule Bulg 1979 only - Mar 31 23:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Bulg 1979 only - Mar 31 23:00 1:00 S Rule Bulg 1979 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - -Rule Bulg 1980 1982 - Apr Sat<=7 23:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Bulg 1980 1982 - Apr Sat<=7 23:00 1:00 S Rule Bulg 1980 only - Sep 29 1:00 0 - Rule Bulg 1981 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Sofia 1:33:16 - LMT 1880 - 1:57 - TST 1894 Nov 30 + 1:56:56 - IMT 1894 Nov 30 # Istanbul MT? 2:00 - EET 1942 Nov 2 3:00 - 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 Apr 2 3:00 + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 3:00 2:00 - EET 1979 Mar 31 23:00 - 2:00 Bulg EET%s 1982 Sep 26 2:00 - 2:00 M-Eur EET%s -# This may change to `EU' soon. + 2:00 Bulg EE%sT 1982 Sep 26 2:00 + 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 + 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT # Croatia -# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1918 Mar 18. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Zagreb 1:03:52 - LMT 1884 - 1:00 - MET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 - 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 May 8 2:00s - 1:00 1:00 "MET DST" 1945 Sep 16 2:00s - 1:00 - MET 1983 - 1:00 EU MET%s + 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s + 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s + 1:00 - CET 1983 + 1:00 EU CE%sT # Czech Republic +# Gregorian calendar adopted 1584-01-17. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -Rule Czech 1945 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Czech 1945 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Czech 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - -Rule Czech 1946 only - May 6 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Czech 1946 only - May 6 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Czech 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - -Rule Czech 1947 only - Apr 20 2:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule Czech 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule Czech 1949 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Czech 1947 only - Apr 20 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule Czech 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule Czech 1949 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850 - 0:58 - PMT 1891 Oct # Prague Mean Time - 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1944 Sep 17 2:00s - 1:00 Czech MET%s 1979 - 1:00 EU MET%s + 0:57:44 - PMT 1891 Oct # Prague Mean Time + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 17 2:00s + 1:00 Czech CE%sT 1979 + 1:00 EU CE%sT # Denmark +# Gregorian calendar adopted 1700-03-01. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -Rule Denmark 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Denmark 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S Rule Denmark 1916 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 - -Rule Denmark 1940 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 " DST" -Rule Denmark 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Denmark 1940 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Denmark 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Denmark 1945 only - Aug 15 2:00s 0 - -Rule Denmark 1946 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Denmark 1946 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Denmark 1946 only - Sep 1 2:00s 0 - -Rule Denmark 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Denmark 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Denmark 1947 only - Aug 10 2:00s 0 - -Rule Denmark 1948 only - May 9 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Denmark 1948 only - May 9 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Denmark 1948 only - Aug 8 2:00s 0 - # Whitman also gives 1949 Apr 9 to 1949 Oct 1, and disagrees in minor ways # about many of the above dates; go with Shanks. @@ -1017,45 +1096,67 @@ Rule Denmark 1948 only - Aug 8 2:00s 0 - # For 1894, Shanks says Jan, Whitman Apr; go with Whitman. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890 - 0:50 - CMT 1894 Apr # Copenhagen Mean Time - 1:00 Denmark MET%s 1942 Nov 2 2:00s - 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 Apr 2 2:00 - 1:00 Denmark MET%s 1980 - 1:00 EU MET%s + 0:50:20 - CMT 1894 Apr # Copenhagen Mean Time + 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 + 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1980 + 1:00 EU CE%sT Zone Atlantic/Faeroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # Torshavn 0:00 - WET 1981 - 0:00 EU WET%s -Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:29:00 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 - -2:00 - MGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 - -2:00 M-Eur MGT%s 1981 Mar 29 - -1:00 M-Eur EGT%s -Zone America/Godthab -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 + 0:00 EU WE%sT +# +# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): +# Greenland joined the EU as part of Denmark, obtained home rule on 1979-05-01, +# and left the EU on 1985-02-01. It therefore should have been using EU +# rules at least through 1984. Shanks says Scoresbysund and Godthab +# used C-Eur rules after 1980, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says they use EU +# rules since at least 1991. Assume EU rules since 1980. + +# +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Thule 1993 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Thule 1993 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S +# +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:29:00 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormit + -2:00 - CGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 + -2:00 C-Eur CG%sT 1981 Mar 29 + -1:00 EU EG%sT +Zone America/Godthab -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Nuuk -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 - -3:00 M-Eur WGT%s -Zone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 - -4:00 - AST + -3:00 EU WG%sT +Zone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik + -4:00 Thule A%sT # Estonia -# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1918 Feb 15. -# # From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-10-15): # A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data for 1989 onwards # [through 1994] and gives the legal authority for it, # a regulation of the Government of Estonia, No. 111 of 1989.... +# +# From Peter Ilieve <peter@aldie.co.uk> (1996-10-28): +# [IATA SSIM (1992/1996) claims that the Baltic republics switch at 01:00s, +# but a relative confirms that Estonia still switches at 02:00s, writing:] +# ``I do not [know] exactly but there are some little different +# (confusing) rules for International Air and Railway Transport Schedules +# conversion in Sunday connected with end of summer time in Estonia.... +# A discussion is running about the summer time efficiency and effect on +# human physiology. It seems that Estonia maybe will not change to +# summer time next spring.'' # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880 - 1:39 - LST 1918 Feb - 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1919 Jul - 1:39 - LST 1921 May + 1:39:00 - TMT 1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1919 Jul + 1:39:00 - TMT 1921 May 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 6 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 15 - 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1944 Sep 22 - 3:00 Russia MS%s 1989 Mar 26 2:00s - 2:00 1:00 "EET DST" 1989 Sep 24 2:00s - 2:00 M-Eur EET%s -# This may change to `EU' soon. + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 22 + 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s + 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep 24 2:00s + 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT # Finland +# See Sweden for when the Gregorian calendar was adopted. # # From Hannu Strang <chs@apu.fi> (25 Sep 1994 06:03:37 UTC): # Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one, @@ -1066,61 +1167,64 @@ Zone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880 # Go with Strang instead. # # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -Rule Finland 1942 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Finland 1942 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S Rule Finland 1942 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Helsinki 1:39:52 - LMT 1878 May 31 - 1:40 - HMT 1921 May # Helsinki Mean Time - 2:00 Finland EET%s 1981 Mar 29 2:00 - 2:00 EU EET%s + 1:39:52 - HMT 1921 May # Helsinki Mean Time + 2:00 Finland EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00 + 2:00 EU EE%sT # France +# Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-12-20. +# French Revolutionary calendar used 1792-09-22 - 1805-12-31. +# # Shanks seems to use `24:00' ambiguously; we resolve it with Whitman. # From Shanks (1991): # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -Rule France 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule France 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S Rule France 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 - -Rule France 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule France 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule France 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule France 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule France 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule France 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule France 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule France 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S Rule France 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - -Rule France 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule France 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S Rule France 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 - -Rule France 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule France 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S Rule France 1922 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - -Rule France 1923 only - May 26 23:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule France 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule France 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule France 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule France 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule France 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule France 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule France 1930 only - Apr 12 23:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule France 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule France 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule France 1933 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule France 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule France 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule France 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule France 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule France 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule France 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule France 1923 only - May 26 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule France 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule France 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule France 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule France 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule France 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule France 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule France 1930 only - Apr 12 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule France 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule France 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule France 1933 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule France 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule France 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule France 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule France 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule France 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule France 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S Rule France 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - -Rule France 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule France 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S # The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris, # but were used in other places (e.g. Monaco). -Rule France 1941 only - May 5 0:00 2:00 " DDST" -Rule France 1941 only - Oct 6 1:00 1:00 " DST" -Rule France 1942 only - Mar 8 0:00 2:00 " DDST" -Rule France 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 1:00 " DST" -Rule France 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 2:00 " DDST" -Rule France 1943 only - Nov 4 3:00 1:00 " DST" -Rule France 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00 2:00 " DDST" -Rule France 1944 only - Oct 8 1:00 1:00 " DST" -Rule France 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 2:00 " DDST" +Rule France 1941 only - May 5 0:00 2:00 DS +Rule France 1941 only - Oct 6 1:00 1:00 S +Rule France 1942 only - Mar 8 0:00 2:00 DS +Rule France 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 1:00 S +Rule France 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 2:00 DS +Rule France 1943 only - Nov 4 3:00 1:00 S +Rule France 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00 2:00 DS +Rule France 1944 only - Oct 8 1:00 1:00 S +Rule France 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 2:00 DS Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 - -Rule France 1976 only - Mar 28 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule France 1976 only - Mar 28 2:00s 1:00 S Rule France 1976 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - # Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time, and Whitman gives 0:09:05, # but Howse quotes the actual French legislation as saying 0:09:21. @@ -1129,113 +1233,112 @@ Rule France 1976 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time - 0:00 France WET%s 1940 Jun 14 - 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1944 Aug 25 - 0:00 France WET%s 1945 Sep 16 3:00 - 1:00 France MET%s 1977 - 1:00 EU MET%s + 0:00 France WE%sT 1940 Jun 14 + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 25 + 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 + 1:00 France CE%sT 1977 + 1:00 EU CE%sT # Germany + # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -Rule Germany 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule Germany 1945 only - May 24 2:00 2:00 " DDST" -Rule Germany 1945 only - Sep 24 3:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Germany 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule Germany 1945 only - May 24 2:00 2:00 DS +Rule Germany 1945 only - Sep 24 3:00 1:00 S Rule Germany 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - -Rule Germany 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Germany 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S # Whitman gives 1948 Oct 31; go with Shanks. Rule Germany 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - -Rule Germany 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule Germany 1947 only - May 11 2:00s 2:00 " DDST" -Rule Germany 1947 only - Jun 29 3:00 1:00 " DST" -Rule Germany 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule Germany 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Germany 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule Germany 1947 only - May 11 2:00s 2:00 DS +Rule Germany 1947 only - Jun 29 3:00 1:00 S +Rule Germany 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule Germany 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Berlin 0:53:28 - LMT 1893 Apr - 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 Apr 2 2:00 - 1:00 Germany MET%s 1980 - 1:00 EU MET%s + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 + 1:00 Germany CE%sT 1980 + 1:00 EU CE%sT # Gibraltar # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Gibraltar -0:21:24 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1957 Apr 14 2:00 - 1:00 - MET 1982 - 1:00 EU MET%s + 1:00 - CET 1982 + 1:00 EU CE%sT # Greece -# They adopted the Julian calendar in 1846. -# Part switched to the Gregorian calendar on 1916 Jul 28. -# The rest switched on 1920 Mar 18. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S # Whitman gives 1932 Jul 5 - Nov 1; go with Shanks. -Rule Greece 1932 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Greece 1932 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 S Rule Greece 1932 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - # Whitman gives 1941 Apr 25 - ?; go with Shanks. -Rule Greece 1941 only - Apr 7 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Greece 1941 only - Apr 7 0:00 1:00 S # Whitman gives 1942 Feb 2 - ?; go with Shanks. Rule Greece 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - -Rule Greece 1943 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Greece 1943 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S Rule Greece 1943 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - # Whitman gives 1944 Oct 3 - Oct 31; go with Shanks. -Rule Greece 1952 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Greece 1952 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Greece 1952 only - Nov 2 0:00 0 - -Rule Greece 1975 only - Apr 12 0:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Greece 1975 only - Apr 12 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Greece 1975 only - Nov 26 0:00s 0 - -Rule Greece 1976 only - Apr 11 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Greece 1976 only - Apr 11 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Greece 1976 only - Oct 10 2:00s 0 - -Rule Greece 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Greece 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Greece 1977 only - Sep 26 2:00s 0 - Rule Greece 1978 only - Sep 24 4:00 0 - -Rule Greece 1979 only - Apr 1 9:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Greece 1979 only - Apr 1 9:00 1:00 S Rule Greece 1979 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 - -Rule Greece 1980 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Greece 1980 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Greece 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Athens 1:34:52 - LMT 1895 Sep 14 - 1:35 - AMT 1916 Jul 28 0:01 # Athens MT - 2:00 Greece EET%s 1941 Apr 30 - 1:00 Greece MET%s 1944 Apr 4 - 2:00 Greece EET%s 1981 - # Shanks says they switched to M-Eur in 1981; - # go with EU intead, since Greece joined it on Jan 1. - 2:00 EU EET%s + 1:34:52 - AMT 1916 Jul 28 0:01 # Athens MT + 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1941 Apr 30 + 1:00 Greece CE%sT 1944 Apr 4 + 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1981 + # Shanks says they switched to C-Eur in 1981; + # go with EU instead, since Greece joined it on Jan 1. + 2:00 EU EE%sT # Hungary +# Gregorian calendar adopted 1587-11-01. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -Rule Hungary 1918 only - Apr 1 3:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Hungary 1918 only - Apr 1 3:00 1:00 S Rule Hungary 1918 only - Sep 29 3:00 0 - -Rule Hungary 1919 only - Apr 15 3:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Hungary 1919 only - Apr 15 3:00 1:00 S Rule Hungary 1919 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 - -Rule Hungary 1920 only - Apr 5 3:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Hungary 1920 only - Apr 5 3:00 1:00 S Rule Hungary 1920 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 - -Rule Hungary 1945 only - May 1 23:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Hungary 1945 only - May 1 23:00 1:00 S Rule Hungary 1945 only - Nov 3 0:00 0 - -Rule Hungary 1946 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Hungary 1946 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Hungary 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - -Rule Hungary 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=4 2:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule Hungary 1950 only - Apr 17 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Hungary 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=4 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule Hungary 1950 only - Apr 17 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Hungary 1950 only - Oct 23 2:00s 0 - -Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - May 23 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - May 23 0:00 1:00 S Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - Oct 3 0:00 0 - -Rule Hungary 1956 only - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Hungary 1956 only - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Hungary 1956 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - -Rule Hungary 1957 only - Jun Sun>=1 1:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Hungary 1957 only - Jun Sun>=1 1:00 1:00 S Rule Hungary 1957 only - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 - -Rule Hungary 1980 only - Apr 6 1:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Hungary 1980 only - Apr 6 1:00 1:00 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Budapest 1:16:20 - LMT 1890 Oct - 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1918 - 1:00 Hungary MET%s 1941 Apr 6 2:00 - 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 May 1 23:00 - 1:00 Hungary MET%s 1980 Sep 28 2:00s - 1:00 EU MET%s + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 + 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1941 Apr 6 2:00 + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 1 23:00 + 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1980 Sep 28 2:00s + 1:00 EU CE%sT # Iceland # -# From Adam David <adam@veda.is> (November 6, 1993): +# From Adam David <adam@veda.is> (1993-11-06): # The name of the timezone in Iceland for system / mail / news purposes is GMT. # -# (December 5, 1993): +# (1993-12-05): # This material is paraphrased from the 1988 edition of the University of # Iceland Almanak. # @@ -1249,7 +1352,7 @@ Zone Europe/Budapest 1:16:20 - LMT 1890 Oct # time the norsemen first settled Iceland. The first day of winter is always # Saturday, but is not dependent on the Julian or Gregorian calendars. # -# (December 10, 1993): +# (1993-12-10): # I have a reference from the Oxford Icelandic-English dictionary for the # beginning of winter, which ties it to the ecclesiastical calendar (and thus # to the julian/gregorian calendar) over the period in question. @@ -1257,49 +1360,50 @@ Zone Europe/Budapest 1:16:20 - LMT 1890 Oct # (old style), or on St. Luke's day, if a Saturday. # St. Luke's day ought to be traceable from ecclesiastical sources. "old style" # might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it -# might mean something else (???). The Gregorian calendar was not introduced -# in Iceland until 1700. +# might mean something else (???). # -# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (December 9, 1993): +# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1993-12-09): # The Iceland Almanak, Shanks and Whitman disagree on many points. # We go with the Almanak, except for one claim from Shanks, namely that # Reykavik was -1:28 from 1837 to 1908, local mean time before that. # # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -Rule Iceland 1917 1918 - Feb 19 23:00 1:00 D -Rule Iceland 1917 only - Oct 21 1:00 0 S -Rule Iceland 1918 only - Nov 16 1:00 0 S -Rule Iceland 1939 only - Apr 29 23:00 1:00 D -Rule Iceland 1939 only - Nov 29 2:00 0 S -Rule Iceland 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 D -Rule Iceland 1940 only - Nov 3 2:00 0 S -Rule Iceland 1941 only - Mar 2 1:00s 1:00 D -Rule Iceland 1941 only - Nov 2 1:00s 0 S -Rule Iceland 1942 only - Mar 8 1:00s 1:00 D -Rule Iceland 1942 only - Oct 25 1:00s 0 S +Rule Iceland 1917 1918 - Feb 19 23:00 1:00 S +Rule Iceland 1917 only - Oct 21 1:00 0 - +Rule Iceland 1918 only - Nov 16 1:00 0 - +Rule Iceland 1939 only - Apr 29 23:00 1:00 S +Rule Iceland 1939 only - Nov 29 2:00 0 - +Rule Iceland 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S +Rule Iceland 1940 only - Nov 3 2:00 0 - +Rule Iceland 1941 only - Mar 2 1:00s 1:00 S +Rule Iceland 1941 only - Nov 2 1:00s 0 - +Rule Iceland 1942 only - Mar 8 1:00s 1:00 S +Rule Iceland 1942 only - Oct 25 1:00s 0 - # 1943-1946 - first Sunday in March until first Sunday in winter -Rule Iceland 1943 1946 - Mar Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 D -Rule Iceland 1943 1948 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 S +Rule Iceland 1943 1946 - Mar Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S +Rule Iceland 1943 1948 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 - # 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter -Rule Iceland 1947 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 D +Rule Iceland 1947 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S # 1949 Oct transition delayed by 1 week -Rule Iceland 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 S -Rule Iceland 1950 1966 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 S -Rule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 S +Rule Iceland 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 - +Rule Iceland 1950 1966 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 - +Rule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:27:24 - LMT 1837 - -1:28 - RMT 1908 # Reykjavik Mean Time - -1:00 Iceland I%sT 1968 Apr 7 1:00s + -1:27:48 - RMT 1908 # Reykjavik Mean Time? + -1:00 Iceland IS%sT 1968 Apr 7 1:00s 0:00 - GMT # Italy +# Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-10-15. +# # From Paul Eggert (1996-05-06): # For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks, Whitman, and F. Pollastri -# <http://pisolo.cstv.to.cnr.it/toi/it/ienitlt.html> (see `FP' below), -# taken from a publication of the Italian National Electrotechnical Institute. +# <URL:http://pisolo.cstv.to.cnr.it/toi/uk/ienitlt.html> (1996-03-14) (`FP' +# below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute publication. # When the three sources disagree, guess who's right, as follows: # -# year FP Shanks (S) Whitman (W) Go with: +# year FP Shanks (S) Whitman (W) Go with: # 1916 06-03 06-03 24:00 06-03 00:00 FP & W # 09-30 09-30 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s # 1917 04-01 03-31 24:00 03-31 00:00 FP & S @@ -1310,186 +1414,191 @@ Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:27:24 - LMT 1837 # 10-04 10-04 24:00 10-04 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s # 1920 03-20 03-20 24:00 03-20 00:00 FP & S # 09-18 09-18 24:00 10-01 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s -# 1944 04-02 04-03 02:00 S (see M-Eur) +# 1944 04-02 04-03 02:00 S (see C-Eur) # 09-16 10-02 03:00 FP; guess 24:00s # 1945 09-14 09-16 24:00 FP; guess 24:00s # 1970 05-21 05-31 00:00 S # 09-20 09-27 00:00 S # # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -Rule Italy 1916 only - Jun 3 0:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Italy 1916 only - Jun 3 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Italy 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - -Rule Italy 1917 only - Apr 1 0:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Italy 1917 only - Apr 1 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Italy 1917 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 - -Rule Italy 1918 only - Mar 10 0:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Italy 1918 only - Mar 10 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Italy 1918 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 - -Rule Italy 1919 only - Mar 2 0:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule Italy 1920 only - Mar 21 0:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Italy 1919 only - Mar 2 0:00s 1:00 S +Rule Italy 1920 only - Mar 21 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Italy 1920 only - Sep 19 0:00s 0 - -Rule Italy 1940 only - Jun 15 0:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Italy 1940 only - Jun 15 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Italy 1944 only - Sep 17 0:00s 0 - -Rule Italy 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Italy 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 S Rule Italy 1945 only - Sep 15 0:00s 0 - -Rule Italy 1946 only - Mar 17 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Italy 1946 only - Mar 17 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Italy 1946 only - Oct 6 2:00s 0 - -Rule Italy 1947 only - Mar 16 0:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Italy 1947 only - Mar 16 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Italy 1947 only - Oct 5 0:00s 0 - -Rule Italy 1948 only - Feb 29 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Italy 1948 only - Feb 29 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Italy 1948 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 - -Rule Italy 1966 1968 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Italy 1966 1968 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S Rule Italy 1966 1969 - Sep Sun>=22 0:00 0 - -Rule Italy 1969 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 " DST" -Rule Italy 1970 only - May 31 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Italy 1969 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Italy 1970 only - May 31 0:00 1:00 S Rule Italy 1970 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - -Rule Italy 1971 1972 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Italy 1971 1972 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S Rule Italy 1971 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - Rule Italy 1972 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - -Rule Italy 1973 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Italy 1973 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 S Rule Italy 1973 1974 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - -Rule Italy 1974 only - May 26 0:00 1:00 " DST" -Rule Italy 1975 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Italy 1974 only - May 26 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Italy 1975 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Italy 1975 1977 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - -Rule Italy 1976 only - May 30 0:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule Italy 1977 1979 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Italy 1976 only - May 30 0:00s 1:00 S +Rule Italy 1977 1979 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Italy 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - Rule Italy 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Rome 0:49:56 - LMT 1866 Sep 22 - 0:50 - RMT 1893 Nov # Rome Mean Time - 1:00 Italy MET%s 1942 Nov 2 2:00s - 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1944 Jul - 1:00 Italy MET%s 1980 - 1:00 EU MET%s + 0:49:56 - RMT 1893 Nov # Rome Mean Time + 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul + 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1980 + 1:00 EU CE%sT Link Europe/Rome Europe/Vatican Link Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino # Latvia -# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1918 Feb 15. +# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): +# Rules after 1991 are by extension from Shanks. They contradict +# IATA SSIM (1992/1996), which claims Latvia uses W-Eur rules, but +# Peter Ilieve's relative writes that Latvia switched in September this year, +# so we'll assume that the old C-Eur-style rules still apply. +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Latvia 1992 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule Latvia 1992 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Riga 1:36:24 - LMT 1880 - 1:36 - LST 1918 Apr 15 2:00 - 1:36 M-Eur LST%s 1919 Apr 1 2:00 - 1:36 1:00 "LST DST" 1919 May 22 3:00 - 1:36 - LST 1926 May 11 + 1:36:24 - RMT 1918 Apr 15 2:00 #Riga Mean Time + 1:36:24 1:00 LST 1918 Sep 16 3:00 #Latvian Summer + 1:36:24 - RMT 1919 Apr 1 2:00 + 1:36:24 1:00 LST 1919 May 22 3:00 + 1:36:24 - RMT 1926 May 11 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 5 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jul - 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1944 Aug 8 - 3:00 Russia MS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 2:00 1:00 "EET DST" 1991 Sep 29 2:00s - 2:00 M-Eur EET%s -# This may change to `EU' soon. + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 8 + 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s + 2:00 Latvia EE%sT # Liechtenstein # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Vaduz 0:38:04 - LMT 1894 Jun - 1:00 - MET 1981 - 1:00 EU MET%s + 1:00 - CET 1981 + 1:00 EU CE%sT # Lithuania -# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1918 Feb 15. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880 - 1:24 - LST 1917 # Kaunas - 1:36 - LST 1919 Oct 10 - 1:00 - MET 1920 Jul 12 + 1:24:00 - WMT 1917 # Warsaw Mean Time + 1:35:36 - KMT 1919 Oct 10 # Kaunas Mean Time + 1:00 - CET 1920 Jul 12 2:00 - EET 1920 Oct 9 - 1:00 - MET 1940 Aug 3 + 1:00 - CET 1940 Aug 3 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 24 - 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1944 Aug - 3:00 Russia MS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 2:00 1:00 "EET DST" 1991 Sep 29 2:00s - 2:00 M-Eur EET%s -# This may change to `EU' soon. + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug + 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s + 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT +# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): +# IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is +# known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too. # Luxembourg # Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways; go with Shanks. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -Rule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S Rule Lux 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - -Rule Lux 1917 only - Apr 28 23:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Lux 1917 only - Apr 28 23:00 1:00 S Rule Lux 1917 only - Sep 17 1:00 0 - -Rule Lux 1918 only - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Lux 1918 only - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Lux 1918 only - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 - -Rule Lux 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Lux 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00 1:00 S Rule Lux 1919 only - Oct 5 3:00 0 - -Rule Lux 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Lux 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S Rule Lux 1920 only - Oct 24 2:00 0 - -Rule Lux 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Lux 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00 1:00 S Rule Lux 1921 only - Oct 26 2:00 0 - -Rule Lux 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Lux 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00 1:00 S Rule Lux 1922 only - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 - -Rule Lux 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Lux 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00 1:00 S Rule Lux 1923 only - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 - -Rule Lux 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Lux 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00 1:00 S Rule Lux 1924 1928 - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 - -Rule Lux 1925 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 " DST" -Rule Lux 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 " DST" -Rule Lux 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 " DST" -Rule Lux 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00 1:00 " DST" -Rule Lux 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Lux 1925 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S +Rule Lux 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 S +Rule Lux 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 S +Rule Lux 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00 1:00 S +Rule Lux 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Luxembourg 0:24:36 - LMT 1904 Jun - 1:00 Lux MET%s 1918 Nov 25 - 0:00 Lux WET%s 1929 Oct 6 2:00s - 0:00 Belgium WET%s 1940 May 14 3:00 - 1:00 M-Eur WET%s 1944 Sep 18 3:00 - 1:00 Belgium MET%s 1977 - 1:00 EU MET%s + 1:00 Lux CE%sT 1918 Nov 25 + 0:00 Lux WE%sT 1929 Oct 6 2:00s + 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 14 3:00 + 1:00 C-Eur WE%sT 1944 Sep 18 3:00 + 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977 + 1:00 EU CE%sT # Macedonia -# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1918 Mar 18. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Skopje 1:25:44 - LMT 1884 - 1:00 - MET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 - 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 May 8 2:00s - 1:00 1:00 "MET DST" 1945 Sep 16 2:00s - 1:00 - MET 1983 - 1:00 EU MET%s + 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s + 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s + 1:00 - CET 1983 + 1:00 EU CE%sT # Malta # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -Rule Malta 1973 only - Mar 31 0:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Malta 1973 only - Mar 31 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Malta 1973 only - Sep 29 0:00s 0 - -Rule Malta 1974 only - Apr 21 0:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Malta 1974 only - Apr 21 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Malta 1974 only - Sep 16 0:00s 0 - -Rule Malta 1975 1979 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Malta 1975 1979 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S Rule Malta 1975 1980 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 - -Rule Malta 1980 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Malta 1980 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 # Valletta - 1:00 Italy MET%s 1942 Nov 2 2:00s - 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 Apr 2 2:00s - 1:00 Italy MET%s 1973 Mar 31 - 1:00 Malta MET%s 1981 - 1:00 EU MET%s + 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s + 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1973 Mar 31 + 1:00 Malta CE%sT 1981 + 1:00 EU CE%sT # Moldova -# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1919 Mar 18. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1924 May 2 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 - 3:00 Russia MS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 2:00 1:00 "EET DST" 1991 Sep 29 2:00s - 2:00 M-Eur EET%s -# This may change to `EU' soon. + 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s + 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT # Monaco # Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's more precise 0:09:21. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time - 0:00 France WET%s 1945 Sep 16 3:00 - 1:00 France MET%s 1977 - 1:00 EU MET%s + 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 + 1:00 France CE%sT 1977 + 1:00 EU CE%sT # Netherlands # Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940, # but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S # Shanks gives 1916 May 1 0:00 and 1916 Oct 1 0:00; go with Whitman. -Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 NST -Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 AMT +Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time +Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST Rule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT # Whitman gives 1918 Apr 14, 1918 Oct 31, and 1921 Sep 28; go with Shanks. @@ -1497,7 +1606,7 @@ Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep Mon>=24 2:00s 0 AMT Rule Neth 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 NST # Whitman gives 1939 Oct 1; go with Shanks. -Rule Neth 1922 1939 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 AMT +Rule Neth 1922 1936 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 AMT Rule Neth 1923 only - Jun 1 2:00s 1:00 NST Rule Neth 1924 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 NST # Whitman gives 1925 Apr 5; go with Shanks. @@ -1507,363 +1616,445 @@ Rule Neth 1926 1931 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST Rule Neth 1932 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST Rule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST Rule Neth 1937 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST +Rule Neth 1937 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Neth 1937 1939 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 - # Whitman gives 1939 Apr 15 and 1940 Apr 19; go with Shanks. -Rule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST -Rule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Neth 1945 only - May 20 2:00s 0 - # Before 1937, Shanks says just `0:20'; we use Whitman's more precise figure. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:28 - LMT 1892 May 0:19:28 Neth %s 1937 Jul - 0:20 Neth %s 1940 May 16 0:40 - 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 Apr 2 2:00 - 1:00 Neth MET%s 1977 - 1:00 EU MET%s + 0:20 Neth NE%sT 1940 May 16 0:40 + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 + 1:00 Neth CE%sT 1977 + 1:00 EU CE%sT # Norway +# Gregorian calendar adopted 1700-03-01. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S # Whitman gives 1916 May 21 - 1916 Oct 21; go with Shanks. -Rule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 S Rule Norway 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - # Shanks omits the following transition; go with Whitman. -Rule Norway 1935 only - Aug 11 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Norway 1935 only - Aug 11 0:00 1:00 S # Whitman says DST observed until 1942 Nov 1, then 1943 Mar 29 - Oct 4, # 1944 Apr 3 - Oct 2, and 1945 Apr 1 - Oct 1; go with Shanks after 1940. -Rule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Norway 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - -Rule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Norway 1959 1965 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - -Rule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895 - 1:00 Norway MET%s 1940 Aug 10 23:00 - 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 Apr 2 2:00 - 1:00 Norway MET%s 1980 - 1:00 EU MET%s -# Svalbard is like Europe/Oslo. + 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1940 Aug 10 23:00 + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 + 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1980 + 1:00 EU CE%sT +# +# Svalbard +Link Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen # +# Jan Mayen # From Whitman: # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Atlantic/Jan_Mayen -1:00 - EGT # Poland -# Austrian and German Poland switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar -# on 1582 Oct 15. Russian Poland switched on 1918 Jan 14. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Poland 1918 1919 - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - -Rule Poland 1919 only - Apr 15 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Poland 1919 only - Apr 15 2:00s 1:00 S # Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks. Rule Poland 1944 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - # For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks. -Rule Poland 1945 only - Apr 29 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Poland 1945 only - Apr 29 0:00 1:00 S Rule Poland 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - -Rule Poland 1946 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Poland 1946 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 S Rule Poland 1946 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 - -Rule Poland 1947 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Poland 1947 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 S Rule Poland 1947 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 - -Rule Poland 1948 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Poland 1948 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 S # Whitman also gives 1949 Apr 9 - 1949 Oct 1; go with Shanks. -Rule Poland 1957 only - Jun 2 1:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Poland 1957 only - Jun 2 1:00s 1:00 S Rule Poland 1957 1958 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - -Rule Poland 1958 only - Mar 30 1:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule Poland 1959 only - May 31 1:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Poland 1958 only - Mar 30 1:00s 1:00 S +Rule Poland 1959 only - May 31 1:00s 1:00 S Rule Poland 1959 1961 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00s 0 - -Rule Poland 1960 only - Apr 3 1:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule Poland 1961 1964 - May Sun>=25 1:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Poland 1960 only - Apr 3 1:00s 1:00 S +Rule Poland 1961 1964 - May Sun>=25 1:00s 1:00 S Rule Poland 1962 1964 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Warsaw 1:24:00 - LMT 1880 - 1:24 - WMT 1915 Aug 5 # Warsaw Mean Time - 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1918 Sep 16 3:00 - 2:00 Poland EET%s 1922 Jun - 1:00 Poland MET%s 1940 Jun 23 2:00 - 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1944 Oct - 1:00 Poland MET%s 1977 Apr 3 1:00 - 1:00 W-Eur MET%s -# This may change to `EU' soon. + 1:24:00 - WMT 1915 Aug 5 # Warsaw Mean Time + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Sep 16 3:00 + 2:00 Poland EE%sT 1922 Jun + 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1940 Jun 23 2:00 + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct + 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1977 Apr 3 1:00 + 1:00 W-Eur CE%sT +# IATA SSIM (1991/1996) gives EU rules, but the _The Warsaw Voice_ +# <URL:http://www.contact.waw.pl/voice/v361/NewsInBrief.shtml> +# (1995-09-24) says the autumn 1995 switch was at 02:00. +# Stick with W-Eur for now. # Portugal +# Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-10-15. +# +# From Rui Pedro Salgueiro <rps@inescca.inescc.pt> (1992-11-12): +# Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone +# (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC. +# +# Martin Bruckmann <martin@ua.pt> (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve +# that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring. +# The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter. +# +# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-12): +# IATA SSIM (1991-09) reports several 1991-09 and 1992-09 transitions +# at 02:00u, not 01:00u. Assume that these are typos. +# IATA SSIM (1991/1992) reports that the Azores were at -1:00. +# IATA SSIM (1993-02) says +0:00; later issues (through 1996-09) say -1:00. +# Guess that the Azores changed to EU rules in 1992 (since that's when Portugal +# harmonized with the EU), and that they stayed +0:00 that winter. +# # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -Rule Port 1916 only - Jun 17 23:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Port 1916 only - Jun 17 23:00 1:00 S # Whitman gives 1916 Oct 31; go with Shanks. Rule Port 1916 only - Nov 1 1:00 0 - -Rule Port 1917 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Port 1917 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Port 1917 1921 - Oct 14 23:00s 0 - -Rule Port 1918 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule Port 1919 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule Port 1920 only - Feb 29 23:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule Port 1921 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule Port 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Port 1918 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule Port 1919 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule Port 1920 only - Feb 29 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule Port 1921 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule Port 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Port 1924 only - Oct 14 23:00s 0 - -Rule Port 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Port 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Port 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - -Rule Port 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule Port 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule Port 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule Port 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Port 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule Port 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule Port 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule Port 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S # Whitman gives 1931 Oct 8; go with Shanks. Rule Port 1931 1932 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - -Rule Port 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Port 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S # Shanks gives 1934 Apr 4; go with Whitman. -Rule Port 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Port 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S # Whitman gives 1934 Oct 5; go with Shanks. Rule Port 1934 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - # Shanks gives 1935 Apr 30; go with Whitman. -Rule Port 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule Port 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Port 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule Port 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S # Whitman gives 1937 Apr 2; go with Shanks. -Rule Port 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule Port 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule Port 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Port 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule Port 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule Port 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S # Whitman gives 1939 Oct 7; go with Shanks. Rule Port 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - -Rule Port 1940 only - Feb 24 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Port 1940 only - Feb 24 23:00s 1:00 S # Shanks gives 1940 Oct 7; go with Whitman. Rule Port 1940 1941 - Oct 5 23:00s 0 - -Rule Port 1941 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule Port 1942 1945 - Mar Sat>=8 23:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule Port 1942 only - Apr 25 22:00s 2:00 " DDST" -Rule Port 1942 only - Aug 15 22:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Port 1941 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule Port 1942 1945 - Mar Sat>=8 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule Port 1942 only - Apr 25 22:00s 2:00 DS +Rule Port 1942 only - Aug 15 22:00s 1:00 S Rule Port 1942 1945 - Oct Sat>=24 23:00s 0 - -Rule Port 1943 only - Apr 17 22:00s 2:00 " DDST" -Rule Port 1943 1945 - Aug Sat>=25 22:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule Port 1944 1945 - Apr Sat>=21 22:00s 2:00 " DDST" -Rule Port 1946 only - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Port 1943 only - Apr 17 22:00s 2:00 DS +Rule Port 1943 1945 - Aug Sat>=25 22:00s 1:00 S +Rule Port 1944 1945 - Apr Sat>=21 22:00s 2:00 DS +Rule Port 1946 only - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Port 1946 only - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - -Rule Port 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Port 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Port 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - # Shanks says DST was observed in 1950; go with Whitman. # Whitman gives Oct lastSun for 1952 on; go with Shanks. -Rule Port 1951 1965 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Port 1951 1965 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Port 1951 1965 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - -Rule Port 1977 only - Mar 27 0:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Port 1977 only - Mar 27 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Port 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00s 0 - -Rule Port 1978 1979 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Port 1978 1979 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Port 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - Rule Port 1979 1982 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - -Rule Port 1980 only - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule Port 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule Port 1983 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Port 1980 only - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S +Rule Port 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S +Rule Port 1983 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:32 - LMT 1884 - -0:37 - LMT 1911 May 24 # Lisbon Mean Time - 0:00 Port WET%s 1966 Apr 3 2:00 - 1:00 - MET 1976 Sep 26 1:00 - 0:00 Port WET%s 1983 Sep 25 1:00s - 0:00 EU WET%s 1992 Sep 27 1:00s -# From Rui Pedro Salgueiro <rps@inescca.inescc.pt> (November 12, 1992): -# Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone -# (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC. - 1:00 EU MET%s 1996 Mar 31 1:00u -# Martin Bruckmann <martin@ua.pt> (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve -# that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring. -# The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter. - 0:00 1:00 "WET DST" 1996 Oct 27 1:00u - 0:00 EU WET%s -# We don't know what happened to Madeira or the Azores, -# so we'll just use Shanks for now. -# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] + -0:36:32 - LMT 1911 May 24 # Lisbon Mean Time + 0:00 Port WE%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 + 1:00 - CET 1976 Sep 26 1:00 + 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s + 0:00 W-Eur WE%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s + 1:00 EU CE%sT 1996 Mar 31 1:00u + 0:00 EU WE%sT Zone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada -1:55 - HMT 1911 May 24 # Horta Mean Time - -2:00 Port ACT%s 1966 Apr 3 2:00 - -1:00 - ACT 1977 Mar 27 - -1:00 - ACT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s - -1:00 W-Eur ACT%s + -2:00 Port AZO%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Azores Time + -1:00 Port AZO%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s + -1:00 W-Eur AZO%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s + 0:00 EU WE%sT 1993 Mar 28 1:00u + -1:00 EU AZO%sT Zone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal -1:08 - FMT 1911 May 24 # Funchal Mean Time - -1:00 Port ACT%s 1966 Apr 3 2:00 - 0:00 - WET 1977 Mar 27 - 0:00 Port WET%s 1983 Sep 25 1:00s - 0:00 EU WET%s + -1:00 Port MAD%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Madeira Time + 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s + 0:00 EU WE%sT # Romania -# Catholic Romania switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on -# on 1919 Mar 18. Greek Orthodox Romania switched on 1920 Mar 18. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -Rule Romania 1932 only - May 21 0:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Romania 1932 only - May 21 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Romania 1932 1939 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 - -Rule Romania 1933 1939 - Apr Sun>=2 0:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule Romania 1979 only - May 27 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Romania 1933 1939 - Apr Sun>=2 0:00s 1:00 S +Rule Romania 1979 only - May 27 0:00 1:00 S Rule Romania 1979 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - -Rule Romania 1980 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Romania 1980 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S Rule Romania 1980 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - +Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S +Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct - 1:44 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT - 2:00 Romania EET%s 1981 Mar 29 2:00s - 2:00 M-Eur EET%s -# This may change to `EU' soon. + 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT + 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00s + 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 + 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1994 + 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT # Russia -# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (May 28, 1994): -# Moscow and Novosibirsk time zone names, and Moscow rules after 1991, -# are from Andrew A. Chernov <ache@astral.msk.su>. -# I invented the other time zone names, and (unless otherwise specified) -# guessed what happened after 1991; the clocks were chaotic, and we know little. -# The rest is from Shanks. + +# From Chris Carrier <72157.3334@CompuServe.COM> (1996-12-02): +# On 1929-10-01 the Soviet Union instituted an ``Eternal Calendar'' +# with 30-day months plus 5 holidays, with a 5-day week. +# On 1931-12-01 it changed to a 6-day week; in 1934 it reverted to the +# Gregorian calendar while retaining the 6-day week; on 1940-06-27 it +# reverted to the 7-day week. With the 6-day week the usual days +# off were the 6th, 12th, 18th, 24th and 30th of the month. +# (Source: Evitiar Zerubavel, _The Seven Day Circle_) +# +# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-11-22): +# Except for Moscow after 1919-07-01, I invented the time zone abbreviations, +# and (unless otherwise specified) guessed what happened after 1991. +# Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991, +# are from Andrey A. Chernov. The rest is from Shanks and the IATA. +# +# From Andrey A. Chernov <ache@nagual.ru> (1996-10-04): +# `MSK' and `MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with +# Unix-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group).... +# The next step was the UUCP network, the Relcom predecessor +# (used mainly for mail), and MSK/MSD was actively used there. +# +# From Chris Carrier <72157.3334@CompuServe.COM> (1996-10-30): +# According to a friend of mine who rode the Trans-Siberian Railroad from +# Moscow to Irkutsk in 1995, public air and rail transport in Russia ... +# still follows Moscow time, no matter where in Russia it is located. # -# From Shanks (1991): -# Western Russia switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar -# on 1918 Jan 14. Eastern Russia switched on 1920 Mar 18. -# In 1929 the Soviet Union instituted a 5 day week; in 1932 it instituted -# a 6 day week; on 1940 Jun 27 it returned to the Gregorian week. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Europe/Kaliningrad 1:22:00 - LMT 1893 Apr + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 + 2:00 Poland CET 1946 + 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s + 2:00 - EET 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1994 +# IATA SSIM (1994-02) says Kaliningrad is at UTC+2; guess 1994 change. + 2:00 Russia EE%sT Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:20 - LMT 1880 - 2:31 Russia LST%s 1919 Jul 1 2:00 - 3:00 Russia MS%s 1922 Oct + 2:30:20 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 2:00 + 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1922 Oct 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 - 3:00 Russia MS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 2:00 1:00 "EET DST" 1991 Sep 29 2:00s + 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 2:00 - EET 1992 Jan 19 2:00s - 3:00 Russia MS%s -Zone Europe/Kuybyshev 3:20:36 - LMT 1924 May 2 - 3:00 - KSK 1957 Mar - 4:00 Russia KS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 3:00 1:00 KSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s - 3:00 - KSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s - 4:00 Russia KS%s + 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD +Zone Europe/Samara 3:20:36 - LMT 1924 May 2 + 3:00 - KUYT 1957 Mar # Kuybyshev Time + 4:00 Russia KUY%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 3:00 1:00 KUYST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s + 3:00 - SAMT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s # Samara Time + 4:00 Russia SAM%sT Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:34 - LMT 1924 May 2 - 4:00 - SSK 1957 Mar - 5:00 Russia SS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 4:00 1:00 SSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s - 4:00 - SSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s - 5:00 Russia ES%s # name change from Sverdlovsk + 4:00 - SVET 1957 Mar # Sverdlovsk Time + 5:00 Russia SVE%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 4:00 1:00 SVEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s + 4:00 - SVET 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 5:00 Russia YEK%sT # Yekaterinburg Time Zone Asia/Omsk 4:53:36 - LMT 1924 May 2 - 5:00 - OSK 1957 Mar - 6:00 Russia OS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 5:00 1:00 OSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s - 5:00 - OSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s - 6:00 Russia OS%s -# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski <S.A.Kuz@iae.nsk.su> (June 29, 1994): + 5:00 - OMST 1957 Mar # Omsk Time + 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 5:00 1:00 OMSST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s + 5:00 - OMST 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 6:00 Russia OMS%sT +# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski <S.A.Kuz@iae.nsk.su> (1994-06-29): # But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow! # I do not know why they have decided to make this change; # as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching # so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch. Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1924 May 2 - 6:00 - NSK 1957 Mar - 7:00 Russia NS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 6:00 1:00 NSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s - 6:00 - NSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s - 7:00 Russia NS%s 1994 Mar 27 2:00s - 6:00 1:00 NSD 1994 Sep 25 2:00s - 6:00 Russia NS%s + 6:00 - NOVT 1957 Mar # Novosibirsk Time + 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 6:00 1:00 NOVST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s + 6:00 - NOVT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1994 Mar 27 2:00s + 6:00 1:00 NOVST 1994 Sep 25 2:00s + 6:00 Russia NOV%sT Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk 6:11:20 - LMT 1924 May 2 - 6:00 - KRSK 1957 Mar - 7:00 Russia KRS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 6:00 1:00 KRSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s - 6:00 - KRSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s - 7:00 Russia KRS%s + 6:00 - KRAT 1957 Mar # Krasnoyarsk Time + 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 6:00 1:00 KRAST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s + 6:00 - KRAT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 7:00 Russia KRA%sT Zone Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:20 - LMT 1880 - 6:57 - LST 1924 May 2 - 7:00 - ISK 1957 Mar - 8:00 Russia IS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 7:00 1:00 ISD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s - 7:00 - ISK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s - 8:00 Russia IS%s + 6:57:20 - IMT 1924 May 2 # Irkutsk Mean Time + 7:00 - IRKT 1957 Mar # Irkutsk Time + 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 7:00 1:00 IRKST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s + 7:00 - IRKT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 8:00 Russia IRK%sT Zone Asia/Yakutsk 8:38:40 - LMT 1924 May 2 - 8:00 - YSK 1957 Mar - 9:00 Russia YS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 8:00 1:00 YSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s - 8:00 - YSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s - 9:00 Russia YS%s + 8:00 - YAKT 1957 Mar # Yakutsk Time + 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 8:00 1:00 YAKST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s + 8:00 - YAKT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 9:00 Russia YAK%sT Zone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:44 - LMT 1880 - 8:48 - LST 1924 May 2 - 9:00 - VSK 1957 Mar - 10:00 Russia VS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 9:00 1:00 VSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s - 9:00 - VSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s - 10:00 Russia VS%s + 8:47:44 - VMT 1924 May 2 # Vladivostok MT + 9:00 - VLAT 1957 Mar # Vladivostok Time + 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 9:00 1:00 VLAST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s + 9:00 - VLAT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 10:00 Russia VLA%sT Zone Asia/Magadan 10:03:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 - 10:00 - MSK 1957 Mar - 11:00 Russia MS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 10:00 1:00 MSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s - 10:00 - MSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s - 11:00 Russia MS%s + 10:00 - MAGT 1957 Mar # Magadan Time + 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 10:00 1:00 MAGST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s + 10:00 - MAGT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 11:00 Russia MAG%sT # This name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski, but that's too long. Zone Asia/Kamchatka 10:34:36 - LMT 1924 May 2 - 11:00 - PSK 1957 Mar - 12:00 Russia PS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 11:00 1:00 PSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s - 11:00 - PSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s - 12:00 Russia PS%s + 11:00 - PETT 1957 Mar # P-K Time + 12:00 Russia PET%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 11:00 1:00 PETST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s + 11:00 - PETT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 12:00 Russia PET%sT Zone Asia/Anadyr 11:49:56 - LMT 1924 May 2 - 12:00 - ASK 1957 Mar - 13:00 Russia AS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 12:00 1:00 ASD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s - 12:00 - ASK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s - 13:00 Russia AS%s + 12:00 - ANAT 1957 Mar # Anadyr Time + 13:00 Russia ANA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 12:00 1:00 ANAST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s + 12:00 - ANAT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 13:00 Russia ANA%sT # Slovakia Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava # Slovenia -# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1918 Mar 18. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Ljubljana 0:58:04 - LMT 1884 - 1:00 - MET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 - 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 May 8 2:00s - 1:00 1:00 "MET DST" 1945 Sep 16 2:00s - 1:00 - MET 1983 - 1:00 EU MET%s + 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s + 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s + 1:00 - CET 1983 + 1:00 EU CE%sT # Spain +# Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-10-15. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S # For 1917-1919 Whitman gives Apr Sat>=1 - Oct Sat>=1; go with Shanks. -Rule Spain 1917 only - May 5 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Spain 1917 only - May 5 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Spain 1917 1919 - Oct 6 23:00s 0 - -Rule Spain 1918 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule Spain 1919 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Spain 1918 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule Spain 1919 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S # Whitman gives 1921 Feb 28 - Oct 14; go with Shanks. -Rule Spain 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Spain 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S # Whitman gives 1924 Oct 14; go with Shanks. Rule Spain 1924 only - Oct 4 23:00s 0 - -Rule Spain 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Spain 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S # Whitman says no DST in 1929; go with Shanks. Rule Spain 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - -Rule Spain 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule Spain 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule Spain 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Spain 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule Spain 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule Spain 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S # Whitman gives 1937 Jun 16, 1938 Apr 16, 1940 Apr 13; go with Shanks. -Rule Spain 1937 only - May 22 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Spain 1937 only - May 22 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Spain 1937 1939 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - -Rule Spain 1938 only - Mar 22 23:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule Spain 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule Spain 1940 only - Mar 16 23:00s 1:00 " DST" +Rule Spain 1938 only - Mar 22 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule Spain 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S +Rule Spain 1940 only - Mar 16 23:00s 1:00 S # Whitman says no DST 1942-1945; go with Shanks. -Rule Spain 1942 only - May 2 22:00s 2:00 " DDST" -Rule Spain 1942 only - Sep 1 22:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule Spain 1943 1946 - Apr Sat>=13 22:00s 2:00 " DDST" -Rule Spain 1943 only - Oct 3 22:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule Spain 1944 only - Oct 10 22:00s 1:00 " DST" -Rule Spain 1945 only - Sep 30 1:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Spain 1942 only - May 2 22:00s 2:00 DS +Rule Spain 1942 only - Sep 1 22:00s 1:00 S +Rule Spain 1943 1946 - Apr Sat>=13 22:00s 2:00 DS +Rule Spain 1943 only - Oct 3 22:00s 1:00 S +Rule Spain 1944 only - Oct 10 22:00s 1:00 S +Rule Spain 1945 only - Sep 30 1:00 1:00 S Rule Spain 1946 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - -Rule Spain 1949 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Spain 1949 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S Rule Spain 1949 only - Sep 30 1:00 0 - -Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Apr Sat>=13 23:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Apr Sat>=13 23:00 1:00 S Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 - -Rule Spain 1976 only - Mar 27 23:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Spain 1976 only - Mar 27 23:00 1:00 S Rule Spain 1976 1977 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - -Rule Spain 1977 1978 - Apr 2 23:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Spain 1977 1978 - Apr 2 23:00 1:00 S Rule Spain 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - +# The following rules are copied from Morocco from 1967 through 1978. +Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S +Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - +Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S +Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - +Rule SpainAfrica 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S +Rule SpainAfrica 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - +Rule SpainAfrica 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - +Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S +Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Madrid -0:14:44 - LMT 1901 - 0:00 Spain WET%s 1946 Sep 30 - 1:00 Spain MET%s 1979 - 1:00 EU MET%s + 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1946 Sep 30 + 1:00 Spain CE%sT 1979 + 1:00 EU CE%sT +Zone Africa/Ceuta -0:21:16 - LMT 1901 + 0:00 - WET 1918 May 6 23:00 + 0:00 1:00 WEST 1918 Oct 7 23:00 + 0:00 - WET 1924 + 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1929 + 0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT 1984 Mar 16 + 1:00 - CET 1986 + 1:00 EU CE%sT Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C. - -1:00 - ACT 1946 Sep 30 1:00 + -1:00 - CANT 1946 Sep 30 1:00 # Canaries Time 0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s - 0:00 1:00 "WET DST" 1980 Sep 28 0:00s - 0:00 EU WET%s + 0:00 1:00 WEST 1980 Sep 28 0:00s + 0:00 EU WE%sT +# IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u. +# Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU. # Sweden + +# From: msb@sq.com (Mark Brader) <URL:news:1996Jul6.012937.29190@sq.com>: +# +# In 1700, Denmark made the transition from Julian to Gregorian. Sweden +# decided to *start* a transition in 1700 as well, but rather than have one of +# those unsightly calendar gaps :-), they simply decreed that the next leap +# year after 1696 would be in 1744 -- putting the whole country on a calendar +# different from both Julian and Gregorian for a period of 40 years. +# +# However, in 1704 something went wrong and the plan was not carried through; +# they did, after all, have a leap year that year. And one in 1708. In 1712 +# they gave it up and went back to Julian, putting 30 days in February that +# year!... +# +# Then in 1753, Sweden made the transition to Gregorian in the usual manner, +# getting there only 13 years behind the original schedule. +# +# (A previous posting of this story was challenged, and Swedish readers +# produced the following references to support it: "Tiderakning och historia" +# by Natanael Beckman (1924) and "Tid, en bok om tiderakning och +# kalendervasen" by Lars-Olof Lode'n (no date was given).) + # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1878 May 31 - 1:12 - SMT 1900 Jan 1 1:00 # Stockholm MT - 1:00 - MET 1916 Apr 14 23:00s - 1:00 1:00 "MET DST" 1916 Sep 30 23:00s - 1:00 - MET 1980 - 1:00 EU MET%s + 1:12:12 - SMT 1900 Jan 1 1:00 # Stockholm MT + 1:00 - CET 1916 Apr 14 23:00s + 1:00 1:00 CEST 1916 Sep 30 23:00s + 1:00 - CET 1980 + 1:00 EU CE%sT # Switzerland # From Howse (1988), p 82: @@ -1872,121 +2063,136 @@ Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1878 May 31 # mean time in preference to apparent time -- Geneva from 1780 .... # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S # From Whitman (who writes ``Midnight?''): -Rule Swiss 1940 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Swiss 1940 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S Rule Swiss 1940 only - Dec 31 0:00 0 - # From Shanks (1991): -Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1848 Sep 12 - 0:30 - SST 1894 Jun # Swiss Standard Time - 1:00 Swiss MET%s 1981 - 1:00 EU MET%s + 0:29:44 - BMT 1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time + 1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981 + 1:00 EU CE%sT # Turkey -# European Turkey switched to the Gregorian calendar in 1908. -# Asian Turkey switched in 1914. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -Rule Turkey 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Turkey 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Turkey 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - -Rule Turkey 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Turkey 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S Rule Turkey 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 - -Rule Turkey 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Turkey 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S Rule Turkey 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - -Rule Turkey 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Turkey 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S Rule Turkey 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - # Whitman gives 1923 Apr 28 - Sep 16 and no DST in 1924-1925; go with Shanks. -Rule Turkey 1924 only - May 13 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Turkey 1924 only - May 13 0:00 1:00 S Rule Turkey 1924 1925 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - -Rule Turkey 1925 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Turkey 1925 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S # Shanks omits the first two transitions in 1940; go with Whitman. -Rule Turkey 1940 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Turkey 1940 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 S Rule Turkey 1940 only - Oct 5 0:00 0 - -Rule Turkey 1940 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Turkey 1940 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Turkey 1941 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - -Rule Turkey 1942 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Turkey 1942 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S # Whitman omits the next two transition and gives 1945 Oct 1; go with Shanks. Rule Turkey 1942 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - -Rule Turkey 1945 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Turkey 1945 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 S Rule Turkey 1945 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - -Rule Turkey 1946 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Turkey 1946 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Turkey 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - -Rule Turkey 1947 1948 - Apr Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Turkey 1947 1948 - Apr Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S Rule Turkey 1947 1950 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 - -Rule Turkey 1949 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 " DST" -Rule Turkey 1950 only - Apr 19 0:00 1:00 " DST" -Rule Turkey 1951 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Turkey 1949 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Turkey 1950 only - Apr 19 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Turkey 1951 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S Rule Turkey 1951 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - -Rule Turkey 1962 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Turkey 1962 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S Rule Turkey 1962 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - -Rule Turkey 1964 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Turkey 1964 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S Rule Turkey 1964 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - -Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - May Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - May Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 S Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 - -Rule Turkey 1973 only - Jun 3 1:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Turkey 1973 only - Jun 3 1:00 1:00 S Rule Turkey 1973 only - Nov 4 3:00 0 - -Rule Turkey 1974 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Turkey 1974 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S Rule Turkey 1974 only - Nov 3 5:00 0 - -Rule Turkey 1975 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Turkey 1975 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S Rule Turkey 1975 1976 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - -Rule Turkey 1976 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 " DST" -Rule Turkey 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Turkey 1976 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Turkey 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Turkey 1977 only - Oct 16 0:00 0 - -Rule Turkey 1979 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 3:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Turkey 1979 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 3:00 1:00 S Rule Turkey 1979 1982 - Oct Mon>=11 0:00 0 - -Rule Turkey 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 3:00 1:00 " DST" -Rule Turkey 1983 only - Jul 31 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Turkey 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 3:00 1:00 S +Rule Turkey 1983 only - Jul 31 0:00 1:00 S Rule Turkey 1983 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - -Rule Turkey 1985 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 " DST" +Rule Turkey 1985 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 S Rule Turkey 1985 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Istanbul 1:55:52 - LMT 1880 - 1:57 - OMT 1910 Oct # Ottoman Mean Time - 2:00 Turkey EET%s 1978 Oct 15 - 3:00 Turkey TUR%s 1985 Apr 20 - 2:00 Turkey EET%s 1986 - 2:00 M-Eur EET%s -# This may change to `EU' soon. + 1:56:56 - IMT 1910 Oct # Istanbul Mean Time? + 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1978 Oct 15 + 3:00 Turkey TR%sT 1985 Apr 20 # Turkey Time + 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1986 + 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 + 2:00 EU EE%sT Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents. # Ukraine # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -Rule Ukraine 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 " DST" -Rule Ukraine 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 - -Rule Ukraine 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 " DST" -Rule Ukraine 1921 only - Mar 21 23:00 2:00 " DDST" -Rule Ukraine 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 " DST" -Rule Ukraine 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Ukraine 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 UST # Ukrainian Summer Time +Rule Ukraine 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 KMT # Kiev Mean Time +Rule Ukraine 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 UDST # Ukrainian Double Summer Time +Rule Ukraine 1918 only - Sep 17 0:00 1:00 UST +Rule Ukraine 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 UDST +Rule Ukraine 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 UST +Rule Ukraine 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 KMT +Rule Ukraine 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 UST +Rule Ukraine 1921 only - Mar 21 23:00 2:00 UDST +Rule Ukraine 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 UST +Rule Ukraine 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 KMT +Rule Crimea 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 CST # Crimean Summer Time +Rule Crimea 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 NMT # Nikolayev Mean Time +Rule Crimea 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 CDST # Crimean Double Summer Time +Rule Crimea 1918 only - Sep 17 0:00 1:00 CST +Rule Crimea 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 CDST +Rule Crimea 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 CST +Rule Crimea 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 NMT +Rule Crimea 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 CST +Rule Crimea 1921 only - Mar 21 23:00 2:00 CDST +Rule Crimea 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 CST +Rule Crimea 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 NMT +Rule Crimea 1996 max - Mar lastSun 0:00u 1:00 - +Rule Crimea 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00u 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Kiev 2:02:04 - LMT 1880 - 2:02 Russia LST%s 1919 Jul 1 2:00 - 2:02 Ukraine LST%s 1924 May 2 + 2:02:04 Ukraine %s 1924 May 2 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 - 3:00 Russia MS%s 1990 Jul 17 - 2:00 M-Eur EET%s -# This may change to `EU' soon. + 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 Jul 17 + 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1996 + 2:00 EU EE%sT Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880 - 2:08 Russia LST%s 1919 Jul 1 2:00 - 2:08 Ukraine LST%s 1924 May 2 + 2:08:00 Crimea %s 1924 May 2 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 - 3:00 Russia MS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 2:00 1:00 "EET DST" 1991 Sep 29 2:00s -# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (May 28, 1994): -# Today's _Economist_ (p 45) reports that Crimea switched -# from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January elections. -# For now, we'll guess that there was a 2-hour leap forward on March 27. - 2:00 M-Eur EET%s 1994 Mar 27 2:00s - 3:00 Russia MS%s + 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s +# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-10-21): +# The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that most of Crimea switched +# from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections. +# For now, guess it changed Feb 1. + 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1994 Feb +# From IATA SSIM (1994/1996), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev. + 3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 + 3:00 Crimea MSK/MSD # Yugoslavia -# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1918 Mar 18. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884 - 1:00 - MET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 - 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 May 8 2:00s - 1:00 1:00 "MET DST" 1945 Sep 16 2:00s - 1:00 - MET 1983 - 1:00 EU MET%s + 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s + 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s + 1:00 - CET 1983 + 1:00 EU CE%sT ############################################################################### @@ -2056,7 +2262,7 @@ Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884 # INTERNET : dik@cwi.nl # BITNET/EARN: dik@mcvax -# From Bob Devine (January 28, 1988): +# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28): # ... # Greece: Last Sunday in April to last Sunday in September (iffy on dates). # Since 1978. Change at midnight. |