initial import of NetBSD tree

1 files changed, 511 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/sys/ufs/ffs/fs.h b/sys/ufs/ffs/fs.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..478db6a5be7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sys/ufs/ffs/fs.h
@@ -0,0 +1,511 @@
+/*	$NetBSD: fs.h,v 1.6 1995/04/12 21:21:02 mycroft Exp $	*/
+
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 1982, 1986, 1993
+ *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+ *    must display the following acknowledgement:
+ *	This product includes software developed by the University of
+ *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+ * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+ *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+ *    without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+ * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+ * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+ * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ *
+ *	@(#)fs.h	8.10 (Berkeley) 10/27/94
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Each disk drive contains some number of file systems.
+ * A file system consists of a number of cylinder groups.
+ * Each cylinder group has inodes and data.
+ *
+ * A file system is described by its super-block, which in turn
+ * describes the cylinder groups.  The super-block is critical
+ * data and is replicated in each cylinder group to protect against
+ * catastrophic loss.  This is done at `newfs' time and the critical
+ * super-block data does not change, so the copies need not be
+ * referenced further unless disaster strikes.
+ *
+ * For file system fs, the offsets of the various blocks of interest
+ * are given in the super block as:
+ *	[fs->fs_sblkno]		Super-block
+ *	[fs->fs_cblkno]		Cylinder group block
+ *	[fs->fs_iblkno]		Inode blocks
+ *	[fs->fs_dblkno]		Data blocks
+ * The beginning of cylinder group cg in fs, is given by
+ * the ``cgbase(fs, cg)'' macro.
+ *
+ * The first boot and super blocks are given in absolute disk addresses.
+ * The byte-offset forms are preferred, as they don't imply a sector size.
+ */
+#define BBSIZE		8192
+#define SBSIZE		8192
+#define	BBOFF		((off_t)(0))
+#define	SBOFF		((off_t)(BBOFF + BBSIZE))
+#define	BBLOCK		((daddr_t)(0))
+#define	SBLOCK		((daddr_t)(BBLOCK + BBSIZE / DEV_BSIZE))
+
+/*
+ * Addresses stored in inodes are capable of addressing fragments
+ * of `blocks'. File system blocks of at most size MAXBSIZE can 
+ * be optionally broken into 2, 4, or 8 pieces, each of which is
+ * addressible; these pieces may be DEV_BSIZE, or some multiple of
+ * a DEV_BSIZE unit.
+ *
+ * Large files consist of exclusively large data blocks.  To avoid
+ * undue wasted disk space, the last data block of a small file may be
+ * allocated as only as many fragments of a large block as are
+ * necessary.  The file system format retains only a single pointer
+ * to such a fragment, which is a piece of a single large block that
+ * has been divided.  The size of such a fragment is determinable from
+ * information in the inode, using the ``blksize(fs, ip, lbn)'' macro.
+ *
+ * The file system records space availability at the fragment level;
+ * to determine block availability, aligned fragments are examined.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * MINBSIZE is the smallest allowable block size.
+ * In order to insure that it is possible to create files of size
+ * 2^32 with only two levels of indirection, MINBSIZE is set to 4096.
+ * MINBSIZE must be big enough to hold a cylinder group block,
+ * thus changes to (struct cg) must keep its size within MINBSIZE.
+ * Note that super blocks are always of size SBSIZE,
+ * and that both SBSIZE and MAXBSIZE must be >= MINBSIZE.
+ */
+#define MINBSIZE	4096
+
+/*
+ * The path name on which the file system is mounted is maintained
+ * in fs_fsmnt. MAXMNTLEN defines the amount of space allocated in
+ * the super block for this name.
+ */
+#define MAXMNTLEN	512
+
+/*
+ * The limit on the amount of summary information per file system
+ * is defined by MAXCSBUFS. It is currently parameterized for a
+ * size of 128 bytes (2 million cylinder groups on machines with
+ * 32-bit pointers, and 1 million on 64-bit machines). One pointer
+ * is taken away to point to an array of cluster sizes that is
+ * computed as cylinder groups are inspected.
+ */
+#define	MAXCSBUFS	((128 / sizeof(void *)) - 1)
+
+/*
+ * A summary of contiguous blocks of various sizes is maintained
+ * in each cylinder group. Normally this is set by the initial
+ * value of fs_maxcontig. To conserve space, a maximum summary size
+ * is set by FS_MAXCONTIG.
+ */
+#define FS_MAXCONTIG	16
+
+/*
+ * MINFREE gives the minimum acceptable percentage of file system
+ * blocks which may be free. If the freelist drops below this level
+ * only the superuser may continue to allocate blocks. This may
+ * be set to 0 if no reserve of free blocks is deemed necessary,
+ * however throughput drops by fifty percent if the file system
+ * is run at between 95% and 100% full; thus the minimum default
+ * value of fs_minfree is 5%. However, to get good clustering
+ * performance, 10% is a better choice. hence we use 10% as our
+ * default value. With 10% free space, fragmentation is not a
+ * problem, so we choose to optimize for time.
+ */
+#define MINFREE		5
+#define DEFAULTOPT	FS_OPTTIME
+
+/*
+ * Per cylinder group information; summarized in blocks allocated
+ * from first cylinder group data blocks.  These blocks have to be
+ * read in from fs_csaddr (size fs_cssize) in addition to the
+ * super block.
+ *
+ * N.B. sizeof(struct csum) must be a power of two in order for
+ * the ``fs_cs'' macro to work (see below).
+ */
+struct csum {
+	int32_t	cs_ndir;		/* number of directories */
+	int32_t	cs_nbfree;		/* number of free blocks */
+	int32_t	cs_nifree;		/* number of free inodes */
+	int32_t	cs_nffree;		/* number of free frags */
+};
+
+/*
+ * Super block for an FFS file system.
+ */
+struct fs {
+	int32_t	 fs_firstfield;		/* historic file system linked list, */
+	int32_t	 fs_unused_1;		/*     used for incore super blocks */
+	daddr_t	 fs_sblkno;		/* addr of super-block in filesys */
+	daddr_t	 fs_cblkno;		/* offset of cyl-block in filesys */
+	daddr_t	 fs_iblkno;		/* offset of inode-blocks in filesys */
+	daddr_t	 fs_dblkno;		/* offset of first data after cg */
+	int32_t	 fs_cgoffset;		/* cylinder group offset in cylinder */
+	int32_t	 fs_cgmask;		/* used to calc mod fs_ntrak */
+	time_t 	 fs_time;		/* last time written */
+	int32_t	 fs_size;		/* number of blocks in fs */
+	int32_t	 fs_dsize;		/* number of data blocks in fs */
+	int32_t	 fs_ncg;		/* number of cylinder groups */
+	int32_t	 fs_bsize;		/* size of basic blocks in fs */
+	int32_t	 fs_fsize;		/* size of frag blocks in fs */
+	int32_t	 fs_frag;		/* number of frags in a block in fs */
+/* these are configuration parameters */
+	int32_t	 fs_minfree;		/* minimum percentage of free blocks */
+	int32_t	 fs_rotdelay;		/* num of ms for optimal next block */
+	int32_t	 fs_rps;		/* disk revolutions per second */
+/* these fields can be computed from the others */
+	int32_t	 fs_bmask;		/* ``blkoff'' calc of blk offsets */
+	int32_t	 fs_fmask;		/* ``fragoff'' calc of frag offsets */
+	int32_t	 fs_bshift;		/* ``lblkno'' calc of logical blkno */
+	int32_t	 fs_fshift;		/* ``numfrags'' calc number of frags */
+/* these are configuration parameters */
+	int32_t	 fs_maxcontig;		/* max number of contiguous blks */
+	int32_t	 fs_maxbpg;		/* max number of blks per cyl group */
+/* these fields can be computed from the others */
+	int32_t	 fs_fragshift;		/* block to frag shift */
+	int32_t	 fs_fsbtodb;		/* fsbtodb and dbtofsb shift constant */
+	int32_t	 fs_sbsize;		/* actual size of super block */
+	int32_t	 fs_csmask;		/* csum block offset */
+	int32_t	 fs_csshift;		/* csum block number */
+	int32_t	 fs_nindir;		/* value of NINDIR */
+	int32_t	 fs_inopb;		/* value of INOPB */
+	int32_t	 fs_nspf;		/* value of NSPF */
+/* yet another configuration parameter */
+	int32_t	 fs_optim;		/* optimization preference, see below */
+/* these fields are derived from the hardware */
+	int32_t	 fs_npsect;		/* # sectors/track including spares */
+	int32_t	 fs_interleave;		/* hardware sector interleave */
+	int32_t	 fs_trackskew;		/* sector 0 skew, per track */
+	int32_t	 fs_headswitch;		/* head switch time, usec */
+	int32_t	 fs_trkseek;		/* track-to-track seek, usec */
+/* sizes determined by number of cylinder groups and their sizes */
+	daddr_t  fs_csaddr;		/* blk addr of cyl grp summary area */
+	int32_t	 fs_cssize;		/* size of cyl grp summary area */
+	int32_t	 fs_cgsize;		/* cylinder group size */
+/* these fields are derived from the hardware */
+	int32_t	 fs_ntrak;		/* tracks per cylinder */
+	int32_t	 fs_nsect;		/* sectors per track */
+	int32_t	 fs_spc;		/* sectors per cylinder */
+/* this comes from the disk driver partitioning */
+	int32_t	 fs_ncyl;		/* cylinders in file system */
+/* these fields can be computed from the others */
+	int32_t	 fs_cpg;		/* cylinders per group */
+	int32_t	 fs_ipg;		/* inodes per group */
+	int32_t	 fs_fpg;		/* blocks per group * fs_frag */
+/* this data must be re-computed after crashes */
+	struct	csum fs_cstotal;	/* cylinder summary information */
+/* these fields are cleared at mount time */
+	int8_t	 fs_fmod;		/* super block modified flag */
+	int8_t	 fs_clean;		/* file system is clean flag */
+	int8_t	 fs_ronly;		/* mounted read-only flag */
+	int8_t	 fs_flags;		/* currently unused flag */
+	u_char	 fs_fsmnt[MAXMNTLEN];	/* name mounted on */
+/* these fields retain the current block allocation info */
+	int32_t	 fs_cgrotor;		/* last cg searched */
+	struct	csum *fs_csp[MAXCSBUFS];/* list of fs_cs info buffers */
+	int32_t	 *fs_maxcluster;	/* max cluster in each cyl group */
+	int32_t	 fs_cpc;		/* cyl per cycle in postbl */
+	int16_t	 fs_opostbl[16][8];	/* old rotation block list head */
+	int32_t	 fs_sparecon[49];	/* reserved for future constants */
+	time_t	 fs_fscktime;		/* last time fsck(8)ed */
+	int32_t	 fs_contigsumsize;	/* size of cluster summary array */ 
+	int32_t	 fs_maxsymlinklen;	/* max length of an internal symlink */
+	int32_t	 fs_inodefmt;		/* format of on-disk inodes */
+	u_int64_t fs_maxfilesize;	/* maximum representable file size */
+	int64_t	 fs_qbmask;		/* ~fs_bmask - for use with quad size */
+	int64_t	 fs_qfmask;		/* ~fs_fmask - for use with quad size */
+	int32_t	 fs_state;		/* validate fs_clean field */
+	int32_t	 fs_postblformat;	/* format of positional layout tables */
+	int32_t	 fs_nrpos;		/* number of rotational positions */
+	int32_t	 fs_postbloff;		/* (u_int16) rotation block list head */
+	int32_t	 fs_rotbloff;		/* (u_int8) blocks for each rotation */
+	int32_t	 fs_magic;		/* magic number */
+	u_int8_t fs_space[1];		/* list of blocks for each rotation */
+/* actually longer */
+};
+
+/*
+ * Filesystem identification
+ */
+#define	FS_MAGIC	0x011954	/* the fast filesystem magic number */
+#define	FS_OKAY		0x7c269d38	/* superblock checksum */
+#define FS_42INODEFMT	-1		/* 4.2BSD inode format */
+#define FS_44INODEFMT	2		/* 4.4BSD inode format */
+
+/*
+ * Filesystem clean flags
+ */
+#define	FS_ISCLEAN	0x01
+#define	FS_WASCLEAN	0x02
+
+/*
+ * Preference for optimization.
+ */
+#define FS_OPTTIME	0	/* minimize allocation time */
+#define FS_OPTSPACE	1	/* minimize disk fragmentation */
+
+/*
+ * Rotational layout table format types
+ */
+#define FS_42POSTBLFMT		-1	/* 4.2BSD rotational table format */
+#define FS_DYNAMICPOSTBLFMT	1	/* dynamic rotational table format */
+/*
+ * Macros for access to superblock array structures
+ */
+#define fs_postbl(fs, cylno) \
+    (((fs)->fs_postblformat == FS_42POSTBLFMT) \
+    ? ((fs)->fs_opostbl[cylno]) \
+    : ((int16_t *)((u_int8_t *)(fs) + \
+	(fs)->fs_postbloff) + (cylno) * (fs)->fs_nrpos))
+#define fs_rotbl(fs) \
+    (((fs)->fs_postblformat == FS_42POSTBLFMT) \
+    ? ((fs)->fs_space) \
+    : ((u_int8_t *)((u_int8_t *)(fs) + (fs)->fs_rotbloff)))
+
+/*
+ * The size of a cylinder group is calculated by CGSIZE. The maximum size
+ * is limited by the fact that cylinder groups are at most one block.
+ * Its size is derived from the size of the maps maintained in the
+ * cylinder group and the (struct cg) size.
+ */
+#define CGSIZE(fs) \
+    /* base cg */	(sizeof(struct cg) + sizeof(int32_t) + \
+    /* blktot size */	(fs)->fs_cpg * sizeof(int32_t) + \
+    /* blks size */	(fs)->fs_cpg * (fs)->fs_nrpos * sizeof(int16_t) + \
+    /* inode map */	howmany((fs)->fs_ipg, NBBY) + \
+    /* block map */	howmany((fs)->fs_cpg * (fs)->fs_spc / NSPF(fs), NBBY) +\
+    /* if present */	((fs)->fs_contigsumsize <= 0 ? 0 : \
+    /* cluster sum */	(fs)->fs_contigsumsize * sizeof(int32_t) + \
+    /* cluster map */	howmany((fs)->fs_cpg * (fs)->fs_spc / NSPB(fs), NBBY)))
+
+/*
+ * Convert cylinder group to base address of its global summary info.
+ *
+ * N.B. This macro assumes that sizeof(struct csum) is a power of two.
+ */
+#define fs_cs(fs, indx) \
+	fs_csp[(indx) >> (fs)->fs_csshift][(indx) & ~(fs)->fs_csmask]
+
+/*
+ * Cylinder group block for a file system.
+ */
+#define	CG_MAGIC	0x090255
+struct cg {
+	int32_t	 cg_firstfield;		/* historic cyl groups linked list */
+	int32_t	 cg_magic;		/* magic number */
+	time_t	 cg_time;		/* time last written */
+	int32_t	 cg_cgx;		/* we are the cgx'th cylinder group */
+	int16_t	 cg_ncyl;		/* number of cyl's this cg */
+	int16_t	 cg_niblk;		/* number of inode blocks this cg */
+	int32_t	 cg_ndblk;		/* number of data blocks this cg */
+	struct	csum cg_cs;		/* cylinder summary information */
+	int32_t	 cg_rotor;		/* position of last used block */
+	int32_t	 cg_frotor;		/* position of last used frag */
+	int32_t	 cg_irotor;		/* position of last used inode */
+	int32_t	 cg_frsum[MAXFRAG];	/* counts of available frags */
+	int32_t	 cg_btotoff;		/* (int32) block totals per cylinder */
+	int32_t	 cg_boff;		/* (u_int16) free block positions */
+	int32_t	 cg_iusedoff;		/* (u_int8) used inode map */
+	int32_t	 cg_freeoff;		/* (u_int8) free block map */
+	int32_t	 cg_nextfreeoff;	/* (u_int8) next available space */
+	int32_t	 cg_clustersumoff;	/* (u_int32) counts of avail clusters */
+	int32_t	 cg_clusteroff;		/* (u_int8) free cluster map */
+	int32_t	 cg_nclusterblks;	/* number of clusters this cg */
+	int32_t	 cg_sparecon[13];	/* reserved for future use */
+	u_int8_t cg_space[1];		/* space for cylinder group maps */
+/* actually longer */
+};
+
+/*
+ * Macros for access to cylinder group array structures
+ */
+#define cg_blktot(cgp) \
+    (((cgp)->cg_magic != CG_MAGIC) \
+    ? (((struct ocg *)(cgp))->cg_btot) \
+    : ((int32_t *)((u_int8_t *)(cgp) + (cgp)->cg_btotoff)))
+#define cg_blks(fs, cgp, cylno) \
+    (((cgp)->cg_magic != CG_MAGIC) \
+    ? (((struct ocg *)(cgp))->cg_b[cylno]) \
+    : ((int16_t *)((u_int8_t *)(cgp) + \
+	(cgp)->cg_boff) + (cylno) * (fs)->fs_nrpos))
+#define cg_inosused(cgp) \
+    (((cgp)->cg_magic != CG_MAGIC) \
+    ? (((struct ocg *)(cgp))->cg_iused) \
+    : ((u_int8_t *)((u_int8_t *)(cgp) + (cgp)->cg_iusedoff)))
+#define cg_blksfree(cgp) \
+    (((cgp)->cg_magic != CG_MAGIC) \
+    ? (((struct ocg *)(cgp))->cg_free) \
+    : ((u_int8_t *)((u_int8_t *)(cgp) + (cgp)->cg_freeoff)))
+#define cg_chkmagic(cgp) \
+    ((cgp)->cg_magic == CG_MAGIC || ((struct ocg *)(cgp))->cg_magic == CG_MAGIC)
+#define cg_clustersfree(cgp) \
+    ((u_int8_t *)((u_int8_t *)(cgp) + (cgp)->cg_clusteroff))
+#define cg_clustersum(cgp) \
+    ((int32_t *)((u_int8_t *)(cgp) + (cgp)->cg_clustersumoff))
+
+/*
+ * The following structure is defined
+ * for compatibility with old file systems.
+ */
+struct ocg {
+	int32_t	 cg_firstfield;		/* historic linked list of cyl groups */
+	int32_t	 cg_unused_1;		/*     used for incore cyl groups */
+	time_t	 cg_time;		/* time last written */
+	int32_t	 cg_cgx;		/* we are the cgx'th cylinder group */
+	int16_t	 cg_ncyl;		/* number of cyl's this cg */
+	int16_t	 cg_niblk;		/* number of inode blocks this cg */
+	int32_t	 cg_ndblk;		/* number of data blocks this cg */
+	struct	csum cg_cs;		/* cylinder summary information */
+	int32_t	 cg_rotor;		/* position of last used block */
+	int32_t	 cg_frotor;		/* position of last used frag */
+	int32_t	 cg_irotor;		/* position of last used inode */
+	int32_t	 cg_frsum[8];		/* counts of available frags */
+	int32_t	 cg_btot[32];		/* block totals per cylinder */
+	int16_t	 cg_b[32][8];		/* positions of free blocks */
+	u_int8_t cg_iused[256];		/* used inode map */
+	int32_t	 cg_magic;		/* magic number */
+	u_int8_t cg_free[1];		/* free block map */
+/* actually longer */
+};
+
+/*
+ * Turn file system block numbers into disk block addresses.
+ * This maps file system blocks to device size blocks.
+ */
+#define fsbtodb(fs, b)	((b) << (fs)->fs_fsbtodb)
+#define	dbtofsb(fs, b)	((b) >> (fs)->fs_fsbtodb)
+
+/*
+ * Cylinder group macros to locate things in cylinder groups.
+ * They calc file system addresses of cylinder group data structures.
+ */
+#define	cgbase(fs, c)	((daddr_t)((fs)->fs_fpg * (c)))
+#define	cgdmin(fs, c)	(cgstart(fs, c) + (fs)->fs_dblkno)	/* 1st data */
+#define	cgimin(fs, c)	(cgstart(fs, c) + (fs)->fs_iblkno)	/* inode blk */
+#define	cgsblock(fs, c)	(cgstart(fs, c) + (fs)->fs_sblkno)	/* super blk */
+#define	cgtod(fs, c)	(cgstart(fs, c) + (fs)->fs_cblkno)	/* cg block */
+#define cgstart(fs, c)							\
+	(cgbase(fs, c) + (fs)->fs_cgoffset * ((c) & ~((fs)->fs_cgmask)))
+
+/*
+ * Macros for handling inode numbers:
+ *     inode number to file system block offset.
+ *     inode number to cylinder group number.
+ *     inode number to file system block address.
+ */
+#define	ino_to_cg(fs, x)	((x) / (fs)->fs_ipg)
+#define	ino_to_fsba(fs, x)						\
+	((daddr_t)(cgimin(fs, ino_to_cg(fs, x)) +			\
+	    (blkstofrags((fs), (((x) % (fs)->fs_ipg) / INOPB(fs))))))
+#define	ino_to_fsbo(fs, x)	((x) % INOPB(fs))
+
+/*
+ * Give cylinder group number for a file system block.
+ * Give cylinder group block number for a file system block.
+ */
+#define	dtog(fs, d)	((d) / (fs)->fs_fpg)
+#define	dtogd(fs, d)	((d) % (fs)->fs_fpg)
+
+/*
+ * Extract the bits for a block from a map.
+ * Compute the cylinder and rotational position of a cyl block addr.
+ */
+#define blkmap(fs, map, loc) \
+    (((map)[(loc) / NBBY] >> ((loc) % NBBY)) & (0xff >> (NBBY - (fs)->fs_frag)))
+#define cbtocylno(fs, bno) \
+    ((bno) * NSPF(fs) / (fs)->fs_spc)
+#define cbtorpos(fs, bno) \
+    (((bno) * NSPF(fs) % (fs)->fs_spc / (fs)->fs_nsect * (fs)->fs_trackskew + \
+     (bno) * NSPF(fs) % (fs)->fs_spc % (fs)->fs_nsect * (fs)->fs_interleave) % \
+     (fs)->fs_nsect * (fs)->fs_nrpos / (fs)->fs_npsect)
+
+/*
+ * The following macros optimize certain frequently calculated
+ * quantities by using shifts and masks in place of divisions
+ * modulos and multiplications.
+ */
+#define blkoff(fs, loc)		/* calculates (loc % fs->fs_bsize) */ \
+	((loc) & (fs)->fs_qbmask)
+#define fragoff(fs, loc)	/* calculates (loc % fs->fs_fsize) */ \
+	((loc) & (fs)->fs_qfmask)
+#define lblktosize(fs, blk)	/* calculates (blk * fs->fs_bsize) */ \
+	((blk) << (fs)->fs_bshift)
+#define lblkno(fs, loc)		/* calculates (loc / fs->fs_bsize) */ \
+	((loc) >> (fs)->fs_bshift)
+#define numfrags(fs, loc)	/* calculates (loc / fs->fs_fsize) */ \
+	((loc) >> (fs)->fs_fshift)
+#define blkroundup(fs, size)	/* calculates roundup(size, fs->fs_bsize) */ \
+	(((size) + (fs)->fs_qbmask) & (fs)->fs_bmask)
+#define fragroundup(fs, size)	/* calculates roundup(size, fs->fs_fsize) */ \
+	(((size) + (fs)->fs_qfmask) & (fs)->fs_fmask)
+#define fragstoblks(fs, frags)	/* calculates (frags / fs->fs_frag) */ \
+	((frags) >> (fs)->fs_fragshift)
+#define blkstofrags(fs, blks)	/* calculates (blks * fs->fs_frag) */ \
+	((blks) << (fs)->fs_fragshift)
+#define fragnum(fs, fsb)	/* calculates (fsb % fs->fs_frag) */ \
+	((fsb) & ((fs)->fs_frag - 1))
+#define blknum(fs, fsb)		/* calculates rounddown(fsb, fs->fs_frag) */ \
+	((fsb) &~ ((fs)->fs_frag - 1))
+
+/*
+ * Determine the number of available frags given a
+ * percentage to hold in reserve.
+ */
+#define freespace(fs, percentreserved) \
+	(blkstofrags((fs), (fs)->fs_cstotal.cs_nbfree) + \
+	(fs)->fs_cstotal.cs_nffree - ((fs)->fs_dsize * (percentreserved) / 100))
+
+/*
+ * Determining the size of a file block in the file system.
+ */
+#define blksize(fs, ip, lbn) \
+	(((lbn) >= NDADDR || (ip)->i_size >= ((lbn) + 1) << (fs)->fs_bshift) \
+	    ? (fs)->fs_bsize \
+	    : (fragroundup(fs, blkoff(fs, (ip)->i_size))))
+#define dblksize(fs, dip, lbn) \
+	(((lbn) >= NDADDR || (dip)->di_size >= ((lbn) + 1) << (fs)->fs_bshift) \
+	    ? (fs)->fs_bsize \
+	    : (fragroundup(fs, blkoff(fs, (dip)->di_size))))
+
+/*
+ * Number of disk sectors per block/fragment; assumes DEV_BSIZE byte
+ * sector size.
+ */
+#define	NSPB(fs)	((fs)->fs_nspf << (fs)->fs_fragshift)
+#define	NSPF(fs)	((fs)->fs_nspf)
+
+/*
+ * Number of inodes in a secondary storage block/fragment.
+ */
+#define	INOPB(fs)	((fs)->fs_inopb)
+#define	INOPF(fs)	((fs)->fs_inopb >> (fs)->fs_fragshift)
+
+/*
+ * Number of indirects in a file system block.
+ */
+#define	NINDIR(fs)	((fs)->fs_nindir)
+
+extern int inside[], around[];
+extern u_char *fragtbl[];