Reduce instances of `` '' in manuals.

troff displays these as typographic quotes, but nroff implementations
almost always print them literally, which rarely has the intended effect
with modern fonts, even in stock xterm.

These uses of `` '' can be replaced either with more semantic alternatives
or with Dq, which prints typographic quotes in a UTF-8 locale (but will
automatically fall back to `` '' in an ASCII locale).

improvements and ok schwarze@

10 files changed, 146 insertions, 85 deletions

diff --git a/usr.bin/chpass/chpass.1 b/usr.bin/chpass/chpass.1
index 9d923c5113a..56b204fbf41 100644
--- a/usr.bin/chpass/chpass.1
+++ b/usr.bin/chpass/chpass.1
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.\"	$OpenBSD: chpass.1,v 1.39 2014/02/16 19:20:26 schwarze Exp $
+.\"	$OpenBSD: chpass.1,v 1.40 2014/11/15 14:41:01 bentley Exp $
 .\"	$NetBSD: chpass.1,v 1.7 1996/05/15 21:50:40 jtc Exp $
 .\"
 .\" Copyright (c) 1988, 1990, 1993
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
 .\"
 .\"     @(#)chpass.1	8.2 (Berkeley) 12/30/93
 .\"
-.Dd $Mdocdate: February 16 2014 $
+.Dd $Mdocdate: November 15 2014 $
 .Dt CHPASS 1
 .Os
 .Sh NAME
@@ -166,7 +166,9 @@ Both the
 .Ar change
 and
 .Ar expire
-fields should be entered in the form ``month day year'' where
+fields should be entered in the form
+.Ar month day year
+where
 .Ar month
 is the month name (the first three characters are sufficient),
 .Ar day
diff --git a/usr.bin/ftp/ftp.1 b/usr.bin/ftp/ftp.1
index 34338ef2db9..74a6b809063 100644
--- a/usr.bin/ftp/ftp.1
+++ b/usr.bin/ftp/ftp.1
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.\" 	$OpenBSD: ftp.1,v 1.93 2014/07/11 03:31:52 lteo Exp $
+.\" 	$OpenBSD: ftp.1,v 1.94 2014/11/15 14:41:02 bentley Exp $
 .\" 	$NetBSD: ftp.1,v 1.22 1997/08/18 10:20:22 lukem Exp $
 .\"
 .\" Copyright (c) 1985, 1989, 1990, 1993
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
 .\"
 .\"	@(#)ftp.1	8.3 (Berkeley) 10/9/94
 .\"
-.Dd $Mdocdate: July 11 2014 $
+.Dd $Mdocdate: November 15 2014 $
 .Dt FTP 1
 .Os
 .Sh NAME
@@ -273,7 +273,8 @@ Enables packet tracing.
 Set
 .Ar useragent
 as the User-Agent for HTTP(S) URL requests.
-If not specified, the default User-Agent is ``OpenBSD ftp''.
+If not specified, the default User-Agent is
+.Dq OpenBSD ftp .
 .It Fl V
 Disable verbose mode, overriding the default of enabled when input
 is from a terminal.
diff --git a/usr.bin/hexdump/hexdump.1 b/usr.bin/hexdump/hexdump.1
index 4f47bc55aa3..bffbc389a1b 100644
--- a/usr.bin/hexdump/hexdump.1
+++ b/usr.bin/hexdump/hexdump.1
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.\"	$OpenBSD: hexdump.1,v 1.24 2011/05/06 18:11:43 otto Exp $
+.\"	$OpenBSD: hexdump.1,v 1.25 2014/11/15 14:41:02 bentley Exp $
 .\"	$NetBSD: hexdump.1,v 1.14 2001/12/07 14:46:24 bjh21 Exp $
 .\"
 .\" Copyright (c) 1989, 1990, 1993
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
 .\"
 .\"	from: @(#)hexdump.1	8.2 (Berkeley) 4/18/94
 .\"
-.Dd $Mdocdate: May 6 2011 $
+.Dd $Mdocdate: November 15 2014 $
 .Dt HEXDUMP 1
 .Os
 .Sh NAME
@@ -64,7 +64,9 @@ in octal, per line.
 .Em Canonical hex+ASCII display .
 Display the input offset in hexadecimal, followed by sixteen
 space-separated, two column, hexadecimal bytes, followed by the
-same sixteen bytes in %_p format enclosed in ``|'' characters.
+same sixteen bytes in %_p format enclosed in
+.Sq |
+characters.
 .It Fl c
 .Em One-byte character display .
 Display the input offset in hexadecimal, followed by sixteen
diff --git a/usr.bin/nl/nl.1 b/usr.bin/nl/nl.1
index bd981cbbe23..9913bf33e61 100644
--- a/usr.bin/nl/nl.1
+++ b/usr.bin/nl/nl.1
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.\"	$OpenBSD: nl.1,v 1.7 2014/04/09 14:24:21 jmc Exp $
+.\"	$OpenBSD: nl.1,v 1.8 2014/11/15 14:41:02 bentley Exp $
 .\"	$NetBSD: nl.1,v 1.14 2013/09/09 09:02:25 wiz Exp $
 .\"
 .\" Copyright (c) 1999 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
 .\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
 .\" POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 .\"
-.Dd $Mdocdate: April 9 2014 $
+.Dd $Mdocdate: November 15 2014 $
 .Dt NL 1
 .Os
 .Sh NAME
@@ -115,7 +115,8 @@ At most two characters may be specified; if only one character is specified,
 the first character is replaced and the second character remains unchanged.
 The default
 .Ar delim
-characters are ``\e:''.
+characters are
+.Sq \e: .
 .It Fl f Ar type
 Specify the same as
 .Fl b Ar type
diff --git a/usr.bin/ssh/sshd.8 b/usr.bin/ssh/sshd.8
index be23cfb7f68..d947882e216 100644
--- a/usr.bin/ssh/sshd.8
+++ b/usr.bin/ssh/sshd.8
@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@
 .\" (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
 .\" THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 .\"
-.\" $OpenBSD: sshd.8,v 1.277 2014/08/30 15:33:50 sobrado Exp $
-.Dd $Mdocdate: August 30 2014 $
+.\" $OpenBSD: sshd.8,v 1.278 2014/11/15 14:41:03 bentley Exp $
+.Dd $Mdocdate: November 15 2014 $
 .Dt SSHD 8
 .Os
 .Sh NAME
@@ -577,10 +577,10 @@ Disables execution of
 Forbids X11 forwarding when this key is used for authentication.
 Any X11 forward requests by the client will return an error.
 .It Cm permitopen="host:port"
-Limit local
-.Li ``ssh -L''
-port forwarding such that it may only connect to the specified host and
-port.
+Limit local port forwarding with
+.Xr ssh 1
+.Fl L
+such that it may only connect to the specified host and port.
 IPv6 addresses can be specified by enclosing the address in square brackets.
 Multiple
 .Cm permitopen
diff --git a/usr.bin/stat/stat.1 b/usr.bin/stat/stat.1
index 9035b72d0e9..94b9172f39f 100644
--- a/usr.bin/stat/stat.1
+++ b/usr.bin/stat/stat.1
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.\"	$OpenBSD: stat.1,v 1.21 2013/07/16 00:07:52 schwarze Exp $
+.\"	$OpenBSD: stat.1,v 1.22 2014/11/15 14:41:02 bentley Exp $
 .\"	$NetBSD: stat.1,v 1.11 2003/05/08 13:07:10 wiz Exp $
 .\"
 .\" Copyright (c) 2002 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
 .\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
 .\" POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 .\"
-.Dd $Mdocdate: July 16 2013 $
+.Dd $Mdocdate: November 15 2014 $
 .Dt STAT 1
 .Os
 .Sh NAME
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ That is, for all the fields in the stat-structure,
 display the raw, numerical value (for example, times in seconds since the
 Epoch, etc.).
 .It Fl s
-Display information in ``shell output'', suitable for initializing variables.
+Format the output as a line of shell variable assignments.
 .It Fl t Ar timefmt
 Display timestamps using the specified format.
 This format is
@@ -158,7 +158,9 @@ Any of the following optional flags:
 .It Cm #
 Selects an alternate output form for octal and hexadecimal output.
 Non-zero octal output will have a leading zero, and non-zero
-hexadecimal output will have ``0x'' prepended to it.
+hexadecimal output will have
+.Sq 0x
+prepended to it.
 .It Cm +
 Asserts that a sign indicating whether a number is positive or negative
 should always be printed.
@@ -232,7 +234,9 @@ Displays the name of
 Displays the type of
 .Ar file .
 .It Cm Y
-Insert a `` -\*(Gt '' into the output.
+Insert a
+.Dq "\ ->\ "
+into the output.
 Note that the default output format
 for
 .Cm Y
@@ -252,24 +256,24 @@ output formats.
 It can be one of the following:
 .Bl -tag -width Ds
 .It Cm H
-``High'' -- specifies the major number for devices from
+High -- specifies the major number for devices from
 .Cm r
 or
 .Cm d ,
-the ``user'' bits for permissions from the string form of
+the user bits for permissions from the string form of
 .Cm p ,
-the file ``type'' bits from the numeric forms of
+the file type bits from the numeric forms of
 .Cm p ,
 and the long output form of
 .Cm T .
 .It Cm L
-``Low'' -- specifies the minor number for devices from
+Low -- specifies the minor number for devices from
 .Cm r
 or
 .Cm d ,
-the ``other'' bits for permissions from the string form of
+the other bits for permissions from the string form of
 .Cm p ,
-the ``user'', ``group'', and ``other'' bits from the numeric forms of
+the user, group, and other bits from the numeric forms of
 .Cm p ,
 and the
 .Ic ls -F
@@ -279,10 +283,11 @@ style output character for file type when used with
 .Cm L
 for this is optional).
 .It Cm M
-``Middle'' -- specifies the ``group'' bits for permissions from the
+Middle -- specifies the group bits for permissions from the
 string output form of
 .Cm p ,
-or the ``suid'', ``sgid'', and ``sticky'' bits for the numeric forms of
+or the
+suid, sgid, and sticky bits for the numeric forms of
 .Cm p .
 .El
 .It Cm datum
@@ -354,7 +359,9 @@ is given.
 .It Cm Y
 The target of a symbolic link.
 .It Cm Z
-Expands to ``major,minor'' from the rdev field for character or block
+Expands to
+.Ar major , Ns Ar minor
+from the rdev field for character or block
 special devices and gives size output for all others.
 .El
 .El
@@ -383,7 +390,13 @@ which default to
 .Sh EXIT STATUS
 .Ex -std stat
 .Sh EXAMPLES
-Given a symbolic link ``foo'' that points from /tmp/foo to /, you would use
+Given a symbolic link
+.Pa foo
+that points from
+.Pa /tmp/foo
+to
+.Pa / ,
+you would use
 .Nm
 as follows:
 .Bd -literal -offset indent
diff --git a/usr.bin/telnet/telnet.1 b/usr.bin/telnet/telnet.1
index ae4b830b03b..d0c514f8692 100644
--- a/usr.bin/telnet/telnet.1
+++ b/usr.bin/telnet/telnet.1
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.\"	$OpenBSD: telnet.1,v 1.53 2014/08/10 02:41:41 guenther Exp $
+.\"	$OpenBSD: telnet.1,v 1.54 2014/11/15 14:41:02 bentley Exp $
 .\"	$NetBSD: telnet.1,v 1.5 1996/02/28 21:04:12 thorpej Exp $
 .\"
 .\" Copyright (c) 1983, 1990, 1993
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
 .\"
 .\"	from: @(#)telnet.1	8.4 (Berkeley) 2/3/94
 .\"
-.Dd $Mdocdate: August 10 2014 $
+.Dd $Mdocdate: November 15 2014 $
 .Dt TELNET 1
 .Os
 .Sh NAME
@@ -105,7 +105,9 @@ Uses
 .Xr bind 2
 on the local socket to bind it to an aliased address (see
 .Xr ifconfig 8
-and the ``alias'' specifier) or to the address of
+and the
+.Cm alias
+specifier) or to the address of
 another interface than the one naturally chosen by
 .Xr connect 2 .
 This can be useful when connecting to services which use IP addresses
@@ -203,8 +205,10 @@ option.
 If this fails,
 .Nm
 will revert to one of two input modes:
-either ``character at a time''
-or ``old line by line''
+either
+.Dq character at a time
+or
+.Dq old line by line
 depending on what the remote system supports.
 .Pp
 When
@@ -218,12 +222,18 @@ The remote system will also relay
 changes to any special characters that happen on the remote
 system, so that they can take effect on the local system.
 .Pp
-In ``character at a time'' mode, most
+In
+.Dq character at a time
+mode, most
 text typed is immediately sent to the remote host for processing.
 .Pp
-In ``old line by line'' mode, all text is echoed locally,
+In
+.Dq old line by line
+mode, all text is echoed locally,
 and (normally) only completed lines are sent to the remote host.
-The ``local echo character'' (initially ``^E'') may be used
+The local echo character
+.Pq initially Sq ^E
+may be used
 to turn off and on the local echo
 (this would mostly be used to enter passwords
 without the password being echoed).
@@ -234,7 +244,9 @@ option is enabled, or if the
 .Ic localchars
 toggle is
 .Dv TRUE
-(the default for ``old line by line''; see below),
+(the default for
+.Dq old line by line ;
+see below),
 the user's
 .Ic quit ,
 .Ic intr ,
@@ -273,7 +285,8 @@ While connected to a remote host,
 .Nm
 command mode may be entered by typing the
 .Nm
-``escape character'' (initially ``^]'').
+escape character
+.Pq initially Sq ^] .
 When in command mode, the normal terminal editing conventions are available.
 Note that the escape character will return to the command mode of the initial
 invocation of
@@ -397,13 +410,17 @@ Disable the
 .Dv TELNET LINEMODE
 option, or, if the remote side does not understand the
 .Dv LINEMODE
-option, then enter ``character at a time'' mode.
+option, then enter
+.Dq character at a time
+mode.
 .It Ic line
 Enable the
 .Dv TELNET LINEMODE
 option, or, if the remote side does not understand the
 .Dv LINEMODE
-option, then attempt to enter ``old-line-by-line'' mode.
+option, then attempt to enter
+.Dq old line by line
+mode.
 .It Ic isig Pq Ic \-isig
 Attempt to enable (disable) the
 .Dv TRAPSIG
@@ -460,7 +477,9 @@ is specified,
 will attempt to contact a TELNET server at the default port.
 The host specification may be either a host name (see
 .Xr hosts 5 )
-or an Internet address specified in the ``dot notation'' (see
+or an Internet address specified in the
+.Dq dot notation
+(see
 .Xr inet_ntop 3 ) .
 The
 .Fl a ,
@@ -478,8 +497,9 @@ After establishing a connection, the file
 .Pa \&.telnetrc
 in the
 user's home directory is opened.
-Lines beginning with a ``#'' are
-comment lines.
+Lines beginning with a
+.Sq #
+are comment lines.
 Blank lines are ignored.
 Lines that begin
 without whitespace are the start of a machine entry.
@@ -551,7 +571,8 @@ sequence.
 .It Ic escape
 Sends the current
 .Nm
-escape character (initially ``^]'').
+escape character
+.Pq initially Sq ^] .
 .It Ic ga
 Sends the
 .Dv TELNET GA
@@ -589,7 +610,9 @@ This sequence is sent as TCP urgent
 data (and may not work if the remote system is a
 .Bx 4.2
 system -- if
-it doesn't work, a lower case ``r'' may be echoed on the terminal).
+it doesn't work, a lower case
+.Sq r
+may be echoed on the terminal).
 .It Ic do Ar cmd
 Sends the
 .Dv TELNET DO
@@ -702,8 +725,11 @@ remote host.
 The initial value for the "Are You There"
 character is the terminal's status character.
 .It Ic echo
-This is the value (initially ``^E'') which, when in
-``line by line'' mode, toggles between doing local echoing
+This is the value
+.Pq initially Sq ^E
+which, when in
+.Dq line by line
+mode, toggles between doing local echoing
 of entered characters (for normal processing), and suppressing
 echoing of entered characters (for entering, say, a password).
 .It Ic eof
@@ -711,7 +737,9 @@ If
 .Nm
 is operating in
 .Dv LINEMODE
-or ``old line by line'' mode, entering this character
+or
+.Dq old line by line
+mode, entering this character
 as the first character on a line will cause this character to be
 sent to the remote system.
 The initial value of the
@@ -730,8 +758,9 @@ mode (see
 below),
 and if
 .Nm
-is operating in ``character at a time'' mode, then when this
-character is typed, a
+is operating in
+.Dq character at a time
+mode, then when this character is typed, a
 .Dv TELNET EC
 sequence (see
 .Ic send
@@ -747,8 +776,9 @@ character.
 .It Ic escape
 This is the
 .Nm
-escape character (initially ``^['') which causes entry
-into
+escape character
+.Pq initially Sq ^[
+which causes entry into
 .Nm
 command mode (when connected to a remote system).
 .It Ic flushoutput
@@ -820,8 +850,9 @@ mode (see
 below),
 and if
 .Nm
-is operating in ``character at a time'' mode, then when this
-character is typed, a
+is operating in
+.Dq character at a time
+mode, then when this character is typed, a
 .Dv TELNET EL
 sequence (see
 .Ic send
@@ -839,8 +870,9 @@ If
 .Nm
 is operating in
 .Dv LINEMODE
-or ``old line by line'' mode, then this character is taken to
-be the terminal's
+or
+.Dq old line by line
+mode, then this character is taken to be the terminal's
 .Ic lnext
 character.
 The initial value for the
@@ -878,8 +910,9 @@ If
 .Nm
 is operating in
 .Dv LINEMODE
-or ``old line by line'' mode, then this character is taken to
-be the terminal's
+or
+.Dq old line by line
+mode, then this character is taken to be the terminal's
 .Ic reprint
 character.
 The initial value for the
@@ -968,8 +1001,9 @@ If
 .Nm
 is operating in
 .Dv LINEMODE
-or ``old line by line'' mode, then this character is taken to
-be the terminal's
+or
+.Dq old line by line
+mode, then this character is taken to be the terminal's
 .Ic worderase
 character.
 The initial value for the
@@ -1187,10 +1221,13 @@ see
 above).
 The initial value for this toggle is
 .Dv TRUE
-in ``old line by line'' mode,
-and
+in
+.Dq old line by line
+mode, and
 .Dv FALSE
-in ``character at a time'' mode.
+in
+.Dq character at a time
+mode.
 When the
 .Dv LINEMODE
 option is enabled, the value of
@@ -1303,9 +1340,12 @@ command appeared in
 .Bx 4.2 .
 .Sh NOTES
 On some remote systems, echo has to be turned off manually when in
-``old line by line'' mode.
+.Dq old line by line
+mode.
 .Pp
-In ``old line by line'' mode or
+In
+.Dq old line by line
+mode or
 .Dv LINEMODE
 the terminal's
 .Ic eof
diff --git a/usr.bin/tset/tset.1 b/usr.bin/tset/tset.1
index 5cfdf4ed448..130a9344229 100644
--- a/usr.bin/tset/tset.1
+++ b/usr.bin/tset/tset.1
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.\"	$OpenBSD: tset.1,v 1.19 2013/09/18 16:21:30 millert Exp $
+.\"	$OpenBSD: tset.1,v 1.20 2014/11/15 14:41:02 bentley Exp $
 .\"
 .\" Copyright (c) 1985, 1990, 1993
 .\"	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
 .\"
 .\"	@(#)tset.1	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/9/93
 .\"
-.Dd $Mdocdate: September 18 2013 $
+.Dd $Mdocdate: November 15 2014 $
 .Dt TSET 1
 .Os
 .Sh NAME
@@ -244,9 +244,11 @@ option is to
 .Dq map
 from some set of conditions to a terminal type, that is, to
 tell
-.Nm tset
-``If I'm on this port at a particular speed, guess that I'm on that
-kind of terminal''.
+.Nm tset :
+.Do
+If I'm on this port at a particular speed, guess that I'm on that
+kind of terminal
+.Dc .
 .Pp
 The argument to the
 .Fl m
diff --git a/usr.bin/w/w.1 b/usr.bin/w/w.1
index ac42c3fd192..f8e7b4a4cf2 100644
--- a/usr.bin/w/w.1
+++ b/usr.bin/w/w.1
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.\"	$OpenBSD: w.1,v 1.20 2013/08/14 06:32:30 jmc Exp $
+.\"	$OpenBSD: w.1,v 1.21 2014/11/15 14:41:01 bentley Exp $
 .\"
 .\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1990, 1991, 1993
 .\"	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
 .\"
 .\"     @(#)w.1	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93
 .\"
-.Dd $Mdocdate: August 14 2013 $
+.Dd $Mdocdate: November 15 2014 $
 .Dt W 1
 .Os
 .Sh NAME
@@ -107,10 +107,9 @@ command appeared in
 The notion of the
 .Dq current process
 is muddy.
-The current algorithm is
-``the highest numbered process on the terminal
-that is not ignoring interrupts, or, if there is none, the highest numbered
-process on the terminal.''
+Currently, the highest numbered process on the terminal that is not ignoring
+interrupts is used, or, if there is none, the highest numbered process on the
+terminal.
 This fails, for example, in critical sections of programs like the shell
 and editor, or when faulty programs running in the background fork and fail
 to ignore interrupts.
diff --git a/usr.bin/yacc/yyfix.1 b/usr.bin/yacc/yyfix.1
index ce74903e849..eff435ae441 100644
--- a/usr.bin/yacc/yyfix.1
+++ b/usr.bin/yacc/yyfix.1
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.\"	$OpenBSD: yyfix.1,v 1.5 2014/01/20 05:07:48 schwarze Exp $
+.\"	$OpenBSD: yyfix.1,v 1.6 2014/11/15 14:41:02 bentley Exp $
 .\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1991 The Regents of the University of California.
 .\" All rights reserved.
 .\"
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
 .\"
 .\"     from: @(#)yyfix.1	5.4 (Berkeley) 3/23/93
 .\"
-.Dd $Mdocdate: January 20 2014 $
+.Dd $Mdocdate: November 15 2014 $
 .Dt YYFIX 1
 .Os
 .Sh NAME
@@ -39,8 +39,9 @@
 .Ar file
 .Op Ar tables
 .Sh DESCRIPTION
-Programs have historically used a script (often named ``:yyfix'') to
-extract tables from the
+Programs have historically used a script (often named
+.Pa :yyfix )
+to extract tables from the
 .Xr yacc 1
 generated file
 .Pa y.tab.c .