diff options
author | Todd C. Miller <millert@cvs.openbsd.org> | 1998-05-22 02:42:12 +0000 |
---|---|---|
committer | Todd C. Miller <millert@cvs.openbsd.org> | 1998-05-22 02:42:12 +0000 |
commit | fe55bdfea0ed84ca7b4ab05fe0346c08089fe888 (patch) | |
tree | 4e26988ff982ffd1ee21e4021ff1121a470ead4e /usr.sbin | |
parent | 946df0d71fb07892e8a7634fe72e5eb4311335c4 (diff) |
updated bind docs
Diffstat (limited to 'usr.sbin')
-rw-r--r-- | usr.sbin/named/doc/bog/00macs.me | 51 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | usr.sbin/named/doc/bog/00title.me | 94 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | usr.sbin/named/doc/bog/bog.ps | 2883 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | usr.sbin/named/doc/bog/manage.me | 2 |
4 files changed, 3029 insertions, 1 deletions
diff --git a/usr.sbin/named/doc/bog/00macs.me b/usr.sbin/named/doc/bog/00macs.me new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..8ce02a287a1 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.sbin/named/doc/bog/00macs.me @@ -0,0 +1,51 @@ +.\" Copyright (c) 1986, 1988 Regents of the University of California. +.\" All rights reserved. +.\" +.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms are permitted +.\" provided that this notice is preserved and that due credit is given +.\" to the University of California at Berkeley. The name of the University +.\" may not be used to endorse or promote products derived from this +.\" software without specific prior written permission. This software +.\" is provided ``as is'' without express or implied warranty. +.\" +.\" @(#)00macs.me 6.3 (Berkeley) 2/28/88 +.\" +.\" usage: troff -me myfile +.nr EX 0 +.de BX +.sp +.ba +4 +.lp +.nr EX +1 +.b +.ta (\\n(.lu-\\n(.iu)R +EXAMPLE \\n(EX: \(*D +.r +.lp +.. +.de EX +.br +.ba +.b +.tl '''\(gr' +.r +.lp +.. +.if \nl .ls 2 +.if t .nr bi 5m +.nr si 3n +.de $0 \" create a table of contents magically. +.(x +.ti (\\$3u-1u)*2m +\\$2. \\$1 +.)x +.. +.de $1 +.sp +.. +.de BU +.ip "\ \(bu" \w'\ \(bu\ 'u +.. +.de SM +\s-1\\$1\s0\\$2 +.. diff --git a/usr.sbin/named/doc/bog/00title.me b/usr.sbin/named/doc/bog/00title.me new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..c9e708cdefe --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.sbin/named/doc/bog/00title.me @@ -0,0 +1,94 @@ +.\" ++Copyright++ 1986, 1988 +.\" - +.\" Copyright (c) 1986, 1988 +.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. +.\" +.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without +.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions +.\" are met: +.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. +.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the +.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. +.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software +.\" must display the following acknowledgement: +.\" This product includes software developed by the University of +.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. +.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors +.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software +.\" without specific prior written permission. +.\" +.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND +.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE +.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE +.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE +.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL +.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS +.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) +.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT +.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY +.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF +.\" SUCH DAMAGE. +.\" - +.\" Portions Copyright (c) 1993 by Digital Equipment Corporation. +.\" +.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any +.\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above +.\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies, and that +.\" the name of Digital Equipment Corporation not be used in advertising or +.\" publicity pertaining to distribution of the document or software without +.\" specific, written prior permission. +.\" +.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND DIGITAL EQUIPMENT CORP. DISCLAIMS ALL +.\" WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES +.\" OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL DIGITAL EQUIPMENT +.\" CORPORATION BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL +.\" DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR +.\" PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS +.\" ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS +.\" SOFTWARE. +.\" - +.\" --Copyright-- +.\" +.+c +.(l C +.sz 14 +.b "Name Server Operations Guide" +.b "for \s-1BIND\s+1" +.sz +\fIRelease 4.9.5\fP +.eh 'SMM:10-%''Name Server Operations Guide for \s-1BIND\s+1' +.oh 'Name Server Operations Guide for \s-1BIND\s+1''\s-1SMM\s+1:10-%' +.sp +\fIReleases from 4.9\fP +Paul Vixie\** +.(f +\** This author was employed by Digital Equipment Corporation's +Network Systems Laboratory during the development and release of +\s-1BIND\s+1 4.9. Release 4.9.2 was sponsored by Vixie +Enterprises. Releases from 4.9.3 were sponsored by the Internet +Software Consortium. +.)f +<paul@vix.com> +.sp \n(psu +Internet Software Consortium +La Honda, CA +.sp 2 +\fIReleases through 4.8.3\fP +Kevin J. Dunlap\** +Michael J. Karels +.sp \n(psu +Computer Systems Research Group +Computer Science Division +Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences +University of California +Berkeley, CA 94720 +.)l +.sp 2 +.(f +\** This author was an employee of Digital Equipment Corporation's +\s-1ULTRIX\s+1 Engineering Advanced Development Group and was on loan to +CSRG when this work was done. \s-1ULTRIX\s+1 is a trademark of Digital +Equipment Corporation. +.)f diff --git a/usr.sbin/named/doc/bog/bog.ps b/usr.sbin/named/doc/bog/bog.ps new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..da71e0d39c1 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.sbin/named/doc/bog/bog.ps @@ -0,0 +1,2883 @@ +%!PS-Adobe-3.0 +%%Creator: groff version 1.11 +%%CreationDate: Thu May 21 19:40:37 1998 +%%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Bold +%%+ font Times-Italic +%%+ font Times-Roman +%%DocumentSuppliedResources: procset grops 1.11 0 +%%Pages: 30 +%%PageOrder: Ascend +%%Orientation: Portrait +%%EndComments +%%BeginProlog +%%BeginResource: procset grops 1.11 0 +/setpacking where{ +pop +currentpacking +true setpacking +}if +/grops 120 dict dup begin +/SC 32 def +/A/show load def +/B{0 SC 3 -1 roll widthshow}bind def +/C{0 exch ashow}bind def +/D{0 exch 0 SC 5 2 roll awidthshow}bind def +/E{0 rmoveto show}bind def +/F{0 rmoveto 0 SC 3 -1 roll widthshow}bind def +/G{0 rmoveto 0 exch ashow}bind def +/H{0 rmoveto 0 exch 0 SC 5 2 roll awidthshow}bind def +/I{0 exch rmoveto show}bind def +/J{0 exch rmoveto 0 SC 3 -1 roll widthshow}bind def +/K{0 exch rmoveto 0 exch ashow}bind def +/L{0 exch rmoveto 0 exch 0 SC 5 2 roll awidthshow}bind def +/M{rmoveto show}bind def +/N{rmoveto 0 SC 3 -1 roll widthshow}bind def +/O{rmoveto 0 exch ashow}bind def +/P{rmoveto 0 exch 0 SC 5 2 roll awidthshow}bind def +/Q{moveto show}bind def +/R{moveto 0 SC 3 -1 roll widthshow}bind def +/S{moveto 0 exch ashow}bind def +/T{moveto 0 exch 0 SC 5 2 roll awidthshow}bind def +/SF{ +findfont exch +[exch dup 0 exch 0 exch neg 0 0]makefont +dup setfont +[exch/setfont cvx]cvx bind def +}bind def +/MF{ +findfont +[5 2 roll +0 3 1 roll +neg 0 0]makefont +dup setfont +[exch/setfont cvx]cvx bind def +}bind def +/level0 0 def +/RES 0 def +/PL 0 def +/LS 0 def +/MANUAL{ +statusdict begin/manualfeed true store end +}bind def +/PLG{ +gsave newpath clippath pathbbox grestore +exch pop add exch pop +}bind def +/BP{ +/level0 save def +1 setlinecap +1 setlinejoin +72 RES div dup scale +LS{ +90 rotate +}{ +0 PL translate +}ifelse +1 -1 scale +}bind def +/EP{ +level0 restore +showpage +}bind def +/DA{ +newpath arcn stroke +}bind def +/SN{ +transform +.25 sub exch .25 sub exch +round .25 add exch round .25 add exch +itransform +}bind def +/DL{ +SN +moveto +SN +lineto stroke +}bind def +/DC{ +newpath 0 360 arc closepath +}bind def +/TM matrix def +/DE{ +TM currentmatrix pop +translate scale newpath 0 0 .5 0 360 arc closepath +TM setmatrix +}bind def +/RC/rcurveto load def +/RL/rlineto load def +/ST/stroke load def +/MT/moveto load def +/CL/closepath load def +/FL{ +currentgray exch setgray fill setgray +}bind def +/BL/fill load def +/LW/setlinewidth load def +/RE{ +findfont +dup maxlength 1 index/FontName known not{1 add}if dict begin +{ +1 index/FID ne{def}{pop pop}ifelse +}forall +/Encoding exch def +dup/FontName exch def +currentdict end definefont pop +}bind def +/DEFS 0 def +/EBEGIN{ +moveto +DEFS begin +}bind def +/EEND/end load def +/CNT 0 def +/level1 0 def +/PBEGIN{ +/level1 save def +translate +div 3 1 roll div exch scale +neg exch neg exch translate +0 setgray +0 setlinecap +1 setlinewidth +0 setlinejoin +10 setmiterlimit +[]0 setdash +/setstrokeadjust where{ +pop +false setstrokeadjust +}if +/setoverprint where{ +pop +false setoverprint +}if +newpath +/CNT countdictstack def +userdict begin +/showpage{}def +}bind def +/PEND{ +clear +countdictstack CNT sub{end}repeat +level1 restore +}bind def +end def +/setpacking where{ +pop +setpacking +}if +%%EndResource +%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold +%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic +%%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman +grops begin/DEFS 1 dict def DEFS begin/u{.001 mul}bind def end/RES 72 +def/PL 792 def/LS false def/ENC0[/asciicircum/asciitilde/Scaron/Zcaron +/scaron/zcaron/Ydieresis/trademark/quotesingle/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef +/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef +/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef +/.notdef/.notdef/space/exclam/quotedbl/numbersign/dollar/percent +/ampersand/quoteright/parenleft/parenright/asterisk/plus/comma/hyphen +/period/slash/zero/one/two/three/four/five/six/seven/eight/nine/colon +/semicolon/less/equal/greater/question/at/A/B/C/D/E/F/G/H/I/J/K/L/M/N/O +/P/Q/R/S/T/U/V/W/X/Y/Z/bracketleft/backslash/bracketright/circumflex +/underscore/quoteleft/a/b/c/d/e/f/g/h/i/j/k/l/m/n/o/p/q/r/s/t/u/v/w/x/y +/z/braceleft/bar/braceright/tilde/.notdef/quotesinglbase/guillemotleft +/guillemotright/bullet/florin/fraction/perthousand/dagger/daggerdbl +/endash/emdash/ff/fi/fl/ffi/ffl/dotlessi/dotlessj/grave/hungarumlaut +/dotaccent/breve/caron/ring/ogonek/quotedblleft/quotedblright/oe/lslash +/quotedblbase/OE/Lslash/.notdef/exclamdown/cent/sterling/currency/yen +/brokenbar/section/dieresis/copyright/ordfeminine/guilsinglleft +/logicalnot/minus/registered/macron/degree/plusminus/twosuperior +/threesuperior/acute/mu/paragraph/periodcentered/cedilla/onesuperior +/ordmasculine/guilsinglright/onequarter/onehalf/threequarters +/questiondown/Agrave/Aacute/Acircumflex/Atilde/Adieresis/Aring/AE +/Ccedilla/Egrave/Eacute/Ecircumflex/Edieresis/Igrave/Iacute/Icircumflex +/Idieresis/Eth/Ntilde/Ograve/Oacute/Ocircumflex/Otilde/Odieresis +/multiply/Oslash/Ugrave/Uacute/Ucircumflex/Udieresis/Yacute/Thorn +/germandbls/agrave/aacute/acircumflex/atilde/adieresis/aring/ae/ccedilla +/egrave/eacute/ecircumflex/edieresis/igrave/iacute/icircumflex/idieresis +/eth/ntilde/ograve/oacute/ocircumflex/otilde/odieresis/divide/oslash +/ugrave/uacute/ucircumflex/udieresis/yacute/thorn/ydieresis]def +/Times-Roman@0 ENC0/Times-Roman RE/Times-Italic@0 ENC0/Times-Italic RE +/Times-Bold@0 ENC0/Times-Bold RE +%%EndProlog +%%Page: 1 1 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 14/Times-Bold@0 SF(Name Ser)193.843 141 Q -.14(ve)-.14 G 3.5(rO).14 +G(perations Guide)-3.5 E -.35(fo)261.236 157.8 S(r).35 E/F1 13 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(BIND)3.5 E/F2 13/Times-Italic@0 SF(Release 4.9.5)253.16 +173.4 Q(Releases fr)241.895 204.6 Q(om 4.9)-.585 E/F3 13/Times-Roman@0 +SF -.195(Pa)258.362 222.8 S(ul V).195 E(ixie)-.78 E/F4 10/Times-Roman@0 +SF(1)-5.2 I F3(<paul@vix.com>)242.363 238.4 Q(Internet Softw)210.435 +258.2 Q(are Consortium)-.13 E(La Honda, CA)249.91 273.8 Q F2 +(Releases thr)228.713 320.6 Q(ough 4.8.3)-.585 E F3 -.325(Kev)243.399 +338.8 S(in J. Dunlap).325 E F4(2)-5.2 I F3(Michael J. Karels)242.331 +354.4 Q(Computer Systems Research Group)195.024 374.2 Q +(Computer Science Di)216.305 389.8 Q(vision)-.325 E +(Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences)127.339 +405.4 Q(Uni)225.795 421 Q -.195(ve)-.325 G(rsity of California).195 E +(Berk)233.341 436.6 Q(ele)-.13 E 1.69 -.845(y, C)-.195 H 6.5(A9).845 G +(4720)-6.5 E/F5 10/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.5(1. Intr)72 500.8 R(oduction)-.18 +E F4 .121(The Berk)112 517 R(ele)-.1 E 2.621(yI)-.15 G .121 +(nternet Name Domain \()-2.621 F/F6 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(BIND)A F4 2.621 +(\)i)C .121(mplements an Internet name serv)-2.621 F .122(er for)-.15 F +/F7 8/Times-Roman@0 SF(BSD)2.622 E F4(-deri)A -.15(ve)-.25 G(d).15 E +.665(operating systems.)87 529 R(The)5.665 E F6(BIND)3.165 E F4 .665 +(consists of a serv)3.165 F .665(er \(or `)-.15 F(`daemon')-.74 E .665 +('\) called)-.74 F/F8 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(named)3.165 E F4 .665(and a) +3.165 F F8 -.37(re)3.165 G(solver).37 E F4(library)3.164 E(.)-.65 E +3.928(An)87 541 S 1.428(ame serv)-3.928 F 1.429(er is a netw)-.15 F +1.429(ork service that enables clients to name resources or objects and\ + share this)-.1 F 1.864(information with other objects in the netw)87 +553 R 4.364(ork. This)-.1 F 1.864(in ef)4.364 F 1.864(fect is a distrib) +-.25 F 1.863(uted data base system for)-.2 F .94 +(objects in a computer netw)87 565 R 3.441(ork. The)-.1 F F6(BIND)3.441 +E F4(serv)3.441 E .941 +(er runs in the background, servicing queries on a well)-.15 F(kno)87 +577 Q .017(wn netw)-.25 F .017(ork port.)-.1 F .017 +(The standard port for UDP and TCP is speci\214ed in)5.017 F F8 +(/etc/services)2.516 E F4 5.016(.T)C(he)-5.016 E F8 -.37(re)2.516 G +(solver).37 E F4 .016(is a)2.516 F .839 +(set of routines residing in a system library that pro)87 589 R .839 +(vides the interf)-.15 F .84(ace that programs can use to access)-.1 F +(the domain name services.)87 601 Q 1.043(BIND is fully inte)112 617.2 R +1.043(grated into BSD \(4.3 and later releases\) netw)-.15 F 1.042 +(ork programs for use in storing)-.1 F .061(and retrie)87 629.2 R .061 +(ving host names and address.)-.25 F .062 +(The system administrator can con\214gure the system to use BIND)5.061 F +.32 LW 76 638.8 72 638.8 DL 80 638.8 76 638.8 DL 84 638.8 80 638.8 DL 88 +638.8 84 638.8 DL 92 638.8 88 638.8 DL 96 638.8 92 638.8 DL 100 638.8 96 +638.8 DL 104 638.8 100 638.8 DL 108 638.8 104 638.8 DL 112 638.8 108 +638.8 DL 116 638.8 112 638.8 DL 120 638.8 116 638.8 DL 124 638.8 120 +638.8 DL 128 638.8 124 638.8 DL 132 638.8 128 638.8 DL 136 638.8 132 +638.8 DL 140 638.8 136 638.8 DL 144 638.8 140 638.8 DL 148 638.8 144 +638.8 DL 152 638.8 148 638.8 DL 156 638.8 152 638.8 DL 160 638.8 156 +638.8 DL 164 638.8 160 638.8 DL 168 638.8 164 638.8 DL 172 638.8 168 +638.8 DL 176 638.8 172 638.8 DL 180 638.8 176 638.8 DL 184 638.8 180 +638.8 DL 188 638.8 184 638.8 DL 192 638.8 188 638.8 DL 196 638.8 192 +638.8 DL 200 638.8 196 638.8 DL 204 638.8 200 638.8 DL 208 638.8 204 +638.8 DL 212 638.8 208 638.8 DL 216 638.8 212 638.8 DL/F9 5 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(1)93.6 649.2 Q F7 .365(This author w)2.365 3.2 N .365 +(as emplo)-.08 F .365(yed by Digital Equipment Corporation')-.08 F 2.365 +(sN)-.44 G(etw)-2.365 E .365(ork Systems Laboratory during the de)-.08 F +-.12(ve)-.2 G .364(lopment and re-).12 F .541(lease of)72 662 R/F10 7 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(BIND)2.541 E F7 2.541(4.9. Release)2.541 F .541 +(4.9.2 w)2.541 F .541(as sponsored by V)-.08 F .541(ixie Enterprises.) +-.48 F .542(Releases from 4.9.3 were sponsored by the Internet Softw) +4.541 F(are)-.08 E(Consortium.)72 671.6 Q F9(2)93.6 682 Q F7 .878 +(This author w)2.878 3.2 N .878(as an emplo)-.08 F .878 +(yee of Digital Equipment Corporation')-.08 F(s)-.44 E F10(UL)2.878 E +(TRIX)-.644 E F7 .878(Engineering Adv)2.878 F .878(anced De)-.2 F -.12 +(ve)-.2 G .878(lopment Group and).12 F -.08(wa)72 694.8 S 2(so).08 G 2 +(nl)-2 G(oan to CSRG when this w)-2 E(ork w)-.08 E(as done.)-.08 E F10 +(UL)4 E(TRIX)-.644 E F7 +(is a trademark of Digital Equipment Corporation.)2 E EP +%%Page: 2 2 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Bold@0 SF 208.87(SMM:10-2 Name)72 60 R(Ser)2.5 E -.1(ve)-.1 +G 2.5(rO).1 G(perations Guide f)-2.5 E(or)-.25 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +(BIND)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Roman@0 SF .502(as a replacement to the older h\ +ost table lookup of information in the netw)87 96 R .501 +(ork hosts \214le)-.1 F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(/etc/hosts)3.001 E F2 +5.501(.T)C(he)-5.501 E(def)87 108 Q +(ault con\214guration for BSD uses BIND.)-.1 E F0 2.5(2. The)72 144 R +(Name Ser)2.5 E(vice)-.1 E F2 .122(The basic function of the name serv) +112 160.2 R .123(er is to pro)-.15 F .123(vide information about netw) +-.15 F .123(ork objects by answer)-.1 F(-)-.2 E .91(ing queries.)87 +172.2 R .909(The speci\214cations for this name serv)5.91 F .909 +(er are de\214ned in RFC1034, RFC1035 and RFC974.)-.15 F .792 +(These documents can be found in)87 184.2 R F3(/usr/sr)3.292 E +(c/etc/named/doc)-.37 E F2 .793(in 4.3BSD or)3.293 F F3(ftp)3.293 E F2 +.793(ed from)B F0(ftp.rs.inter)3.293 E(nic.net)-.15 E F2(.)A .124 +(It is also recommended that you read the related manual pages,)87 196.2 +R F3(named)2.623 E F2(\(8\),)1.666 E F3 -.37(re)2.623 G(solver).37 E F2 +.123(\(3\), and)1.666 F F3 -.37(re)2.623 G(solver).37 E F2(\(5\).)1.666 +E .897(The adv)112 212.4 R .897(antage of using a name serv)-.25 F .898 +(er o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.398(rt).15 G .898 +(he host table lookup for host name resolution is to)-3.398 F -.2(avo)87 +224.4 S .666 +(id the need for a single centralized clearinghouse for all names.).2 F +.665(The authority for this information)5.665 F(can be dele)87 236.4 Q +-.05(ga)-.15 G(ted to the dif).05 E(ferent or)-.25 E -.05(ga)-.18 G +(nizations on the netw).05 E(ork responsible for it.)-.1 E .309(The hos\ +t table lookup routines require that the master \214le for the entire n\ +etw)112 252.6 R .309(ork be maintained at)-.1 F 3.983(ac)87 264.6 S +1.483(entral location by a fe)-3.983 F 3.983(wp)-.25 G 3.983 +(eople. This)-3.983 F -.1(wo)3.983 G 1.483(rks \214ne for small netw).1 +F 1.482(orks where there are only a fe)-.1 F(w)-.25 E .784 +(machines and the dif)87 276.6 R .784(ferent or)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.18 G +.784(nizations responsible for them cooperate.).05 F .785 +(But this does not w)5.784 F .785(ork well)-.1 F(for lar)87 288.6 Q +(ge netw)-.18 E(orks where machines cross or)-.1 E -.05(ga)-.18 G +(nizational boundaries.).05 E -.4(Wi)112 304.8 S .162(th the name serv) +.4 F(er)-.15 E 2.661(,t)-.4 G .161(he netw)-2.661 F .161 +(ork can be brok)-.1 F .161(en into a hierarch)-.1 F 2.661(yo)-.05 G +2.661(fd)-2.661 G 2.661(omains. The)-2.661 F .161(name space is)2.661 F +(or)87 316.8 Q -.05(ga)-.18 G 2.236(nized as a tree according to or).05 +F -.05(ga)-.18 G 2.236(nizational or administrati).05 F 2.536 -.15(ve b) +-.25 H 4.736(oundaries. Each).15 F 2.237(node, called a)4.736 F F3 +(domain)87 328.8 Q F2 4.311(,i)C 4.311(sg)-4.311 G -2.15 -.25(iv e) +-4.311 H 4.311(nal).25 G 1.81(abel, and the name of the domain is the c\ +oncatenation of all the labels of the)-4.311 F .747(domains from the ro\ +ot to the current domain, listed from right to left separated by dots.) +87 340.8 R 3.247(Al)5.747 G .747(abel need)-3.247 F .588 +(only be unique within its domain.)87 352.8 R .588 +(The whole space is partitioned into se)5.588 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .588 +(ral areas called).15 F F3(zones)3.088 E F2 3.088(,e)C(ach)-3.088 E +1.223(starting at a domain and e)87 364.8 R 1.223(xtending do)-.15 F +1.223(wn to the leaf domains or to domains where other zones start.)-.25 +F .338(Zones usually represent administrati)87 376.8 R .638 -.15(ve b) +-.25 H 2.838(oundaries. An).15 F -.15(ex)2.838 G .337 +(ample of a host address for a host at the Uni-).15 F -.15(ve)87 388.8 S +(rsity of California, Berk).15 E(ele)-.1 E 2.5(yw)-.15 G +(ould look as follo)-2.6 E(ws:)-.25 E F3(monet)137 405 Q F0(.)1.666 E F3 +(Berk)1.666 E(ele)-.1 E(y)-.3 E F0(.)1.666 E F3(EDU)1.666 E F2 1.77 +(The top le)87 421.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.27(ld).15 G 1.77 +(omain for educational or)-4.27 F -.05(ga)-.18 G 1.77 +(nizations is EDU; Berk).05 F(ele)-.1 E 4.27(yi)-.15 G 4.27(sas)-4.27 G +1.77(ubdomain of EDU and)-4.27 F(monet is the name of the host.)87 433.2 +Q F0 2.5(3. Security)72 469.2 R F2 1.928(This section e)112 485.4 R +1.928(xamines some of the kno)-.15 F 4.428(ws)-.25 G 1.928 +(ecurity implications of v)-4.428 F 1.927(arious v)-.25 F 1.927 +(ersions of BIND.)-.15 F(Some of these ha)87 497.4 Q .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H +(een used to attack the nameserv).15 E(ers in the past.)-.15 E F0 2.5 +(3.1. Unnecessary)87 521.4 R(Glue)2.5 E F2 .223(Unnecessary glue can le\ +ad to incorrect records being loaded into the serv)127 537.6 R(er)-.15 E +2.724(.T)-.55 G .224(his can result in)-2.724 F +(connections going to the wrong machines.)102 549.6 Q 1.999 -.8(To p)127 +565.8 T(re).8 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .399 +(nt unnecessary glue being loaded, all the serv).15 F .399 +(ers of zones being serv)-.15 F .398(ered by a serv)-.15 F(er)-.15 E +(and the serv)102 577.8 Q +(ers of the parent zones need to be upgraded to BIND 4.9.3 or later)-.15 +E(.)-.55 E F0 2.5(3.2. Insertion)87 601.8 R +(of data into a zone that is being ser)2.5 E -.1(ve)-.1 G -.18(re).1 G +(d).18 E F2 .574(BIND v)127 618 R .574(ersions prior to BIND 4.9.2 are \ +subject to the insertion of resource records into zone)-.15 F(that the) +102 630 Q 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re serving.)-2.5 E F0 2.5(3.3. Denial)87 654 R +(of Ser)2.5 E(vice: Hash Bug Exploit)-.1 E F2 .381(September 1996 sa)127 +670.2 R 2.881(wt)-.15 G .381 +(he COM TLD subject to a denial of service attack by injecting into the) +-2.881 F .342(DNS a record with a \214nal label of COM, eight spaces an\ +d COM. This ef)102 682.2 R .342(fected BIND 4.9.4 serv)-.25 F(ers.)-.15 +E(Similar attacks are possible on BIND 4.9.3 and BIND 4.9.3-P1.)102 +694.2 Q(It is recommend that you run a BIND 4.9.4-P1 or later serv)127 +710.4 Q(er to a)-.15 E -.2(vo)-.2 G(id this e).2 E(xploit.)-.15 E EP +%%Page: 3 3 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Name Ser)72 60 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G 2.5(rO).1 G +(perations Guide f)-2.5 E(or)-.25 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 211.564 +(BIND SMM)2.5 F F0(:10-3)A 2.5(3.4. Denial)87 96 R(of Ser)2.5 E +(vice: TTL Inconsistency Attacks)-.1 E/F2 10/Times-Roman@0 SF .058 +(If you are still using multiple TTL v)127 112.2 R .058 +(alues within a RRset you can be subject to a denial of ser)-.25 F(-)-.2 +E 1.39(vice attack. BIND 4.9.5 onw)102 124.2 R 1.391 +(ards uses multiple ttl v)-.1 F 1.391(alues within a RRset to reject ob) +-.25 F 1.391(viously bad)-.15 F(RRset.)102 136.2 Q .546 +(It is recommend that you upgrade to BIND 4.9.5 or later as these serv) +127 152.4 R .545(er pre)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .545(nt you loading).15 F +(multiple TTL v)102 164.4 Q(alues and doesn')-.25 E 2.5(tm)-.18 G(er) +-2.5 E(ge answers recei)-.18 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(da).15 G +(cross the netw)-2.5 E(ork.)-.1 E F0 2.5(4. T)72 200.4 R(ypes of Zones) +-.74 E F2 3.665(A`)112 216.6 S(`zone')-4.405 E 3.665('i)-.74 G 3.665 +(sap)-3.665 G 1.165(oint of dele)-3.665 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 1.165 +(tion in the DNS tree.).05 F 1.165 +(It contains all names from a certain point)6.165 F -.74(``)87 228.6 S +(do).74 E(wnw)-.25 E(ard')-.1 E 3.176('e)-.74 G .676 +(xcept those which are dele)-3.326 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .676 +(ted to other zones.).05 F 3.176(A`)5.676 G(`dele)-3.916 E -.05(ga)-.15 +G .676(tion point').05 F 3.176('h)-.74 G .676(as one or more)-3.176 F/F3 +10/Times-Italic@0 SF(NS)87 240.6 Q F2 .55(records in the `)3.05 F .55 +(`parent zone')-.74 F .55(', which should be matched by equi)-.74 F -.25 +(va)-.25 G(lent).25 E F3(NS)3.05 E F2 .55(records at the root of the) +3.05 F -.74(``)87 252.6 S(dele).74 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ted zone').05 E 2.5 +('\()-.74 G(i.e., the `)-2.5 E(`@')-.74 E 2.5('n)-.74 G +(ame in the zone \214le\).)-2.5 E .779(Understanding the dif)112 268.8 R +.779(ference between a `)-.25 F(`zone')-.74 E 3.279('a)-.74 G .779 +(nd a `)-3.279 F(`domain')-.74 E 3.278('i)-.74 G 3.278(sc)-3.278 G .778 +(rucial to the proper opera-)-3.278 F .76(tion of a name serv)87 280.8 R +(er)-.15 E 5.76(.A)-.55 G 3.26(sa)-5.76 G 3.26(ne)-3.26 G .76 +(xample, consider the)-3.41 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(DEC.COM)3.261 E F3 +(domain)3.261 E F2 3.261(,w)C .761(hich includes names such as)-3.261 F +F4(POBO)87 292.8 Q(X1.P)-.36 E(A.DEC.COM)-.828 E F2(and)4.447 E F4 -.09 +(QU)4.447 G(ABBIN.CRL.DEC.COM)-.27 E F2 -2.15 -.25(ev e)4.447 H 4.447 +(nt).25 G 1.947(hough the)-4.447 F F4(DEC.COM)4.446 E F3(zone)4.446 E F2 +1.946(includes only)4.446 F F3(dele)87 304.8 Q(gations)-.4 E F2 2.427 +(for the)4.926 F F4 -.828(PA)4.927 G(.DEC.COM).828 E F2(and)4.927 E F4 +(CRL.DEC.COM)4.927 E F2 4.927(zones. A)4.927 F 2.427(zone can map e) +4.927 F 2.427(xactly to a single)-.15 F 1.233(domain, b)87 316.8 R 1.232 +(ut could also include only part of a domain \(the rest of which could \ +be dele)-.2 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 1.232(ted to other).05 F .628(name serv)87 +328.8 R 3.128(ers\). T)-.15 F .628(echnically speaking, e)-.7 F -.15(ve) +-.25 G .629(ry name in the DNS tree is a `).15 F(`domain')-.74 E .629 +(', e)-.74 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.129(ni).15 G 3.129(fi)-3.129 G 3.129(ti) +-3.129 G 3.129(s`)-3.129 G(`termi-)-3.869 E(nal')87 340.8 Q 1.545 +(', that is, has no `)-.74 F(`subdomains')-.74 E 4.044('. T)-.74 F 1.544 +(echnically speaking, e)-.7 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.544 +(ry subdomain is a domain and e).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ry).15 E .302 +(domain e)87 352.8 R .302(xcept the root is also a subdomain.)-.15 F +.302(The terminology is not intuiti)5.302 F .602 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .302 +(nd you w).15 F .303(ould do well to)-.1 F(read RFC')87 364.8 Q 2.5(s1) +-.55 G(033, 1034, and 1035 to g)-2.5 E +(ain a complete understanding of this dif)-.05 E +(\214cult and subtle topic.)-.25 E(Though)112 381 Q F4(BIND)3.284 E F2 +.784(is a)3.284 F F3(Domain)3.284 E F2 .784(Name Serv)3.284 F(er)-.15 E +3.284(,i)-.4 G 3.284(td)-3.284 G .784(eals primarily in terms of)-3.284 +F F3(zones)3.284 E F2 5.784(.T)C(he)-5.784 E F3(primary)3.284 E F2(and) +3.284 E F3(secondary)87 393 Q F2 .98(declarations in the)3.48 F F3 +(named.boot)3.48 E F2 .98(\214le specify)3.48 F F3(zones)3.48 E F2 3.48 +(,n)C(ot)-3.48 E F3(domains)3.48 E F2 5.98(.W)C .98 +(hen you ask someone if)-5.98 F(the)87 405 Q 2.742(ya)-.15 G .241 +(re willing to be a secondary serv)-2.742 F .241(er for your `)-.15 F +(`domain')-.74 E .241(', you are actually asking for secondary ser)-.74 +F(-)-.2 E(vice for some collection of)87 417 Q F3(zones)2.5 E F2(.)A +.964(Each zone will ha)112 433.2 R 1.264 -.15(ve o)-.2 H .964(ne `).15 F +(`primary')-.74 E 3.465('s)-.74 G(erv)-3.465 E(er)-.15 E 3.465(,w)-.4 G +.965(hich loads the zone contents from some local \214le)-3.465 F 1.786 +(which is edited by humans or perhaps generated mechanically from some \ +other local \214le which is)87 445.2 R .458(edited by humans.)87 457.2 R +.459(Then there will be some number of `)5.458 F(`secondary')-.74 E +2.959('s)-.74 G(erv)-2.959 E .459(ers, which load the zone con-)-.15 F +1.187(tents using the)87 469.2 R F4(IP/DNS)3.687 E F2 1.187 +(protocol \(that is, the secondary serv)3.687 F 1.186 +(ers will contact the primary and fetch the)-.15 F .597(zone using)87 +481.2 R F4(IP/TCP)3.097 E F2 3.097(\). This)B .598(set of serv)3.098 F +.598 +(ers \(the primary and all of the secondaries\) should be listed in the) +-.15 F F3(NS)87 493.2 Q F2 .883 +(records in the parent zone, which will constitute a `)3.383 F(`dele) +-.74 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(tion').05 E 3.383('. This)-.74 F .883(set of serv) +3.383 F .883(ers must also be)-.15 F .471 +(listed in the zone \214le itself, usually under the `)87 505.2 R(`@') +-.74 E 2.972('n)-.74 G .472 +(ame which is a magic cookie that means the `)-2.972 F(`top)-.74 E(le)87 +517.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(l').15 E 3.043('o)-.74 G 3.043(r`)-3.043 G +(`root')-3.783 E 3.043('o)-.74 G 3.043(fc)-3.043 G .543(urrent zone.) +-3.043 F -1.1(Yo)5.543 G 3.043(uc)1.1 G .543(an list serv)-3.043 F .543 +(ers in the zone')-.15 F 3.043(st)-.55 G(op-le)-3.043 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +3.043(l`).15 G(`@')-3.783 E(')-.74 E F3(NS)3.042 E F2 .542 +(records that are)3.042 F .448(not in the parent')87 529.2 R(s)-.55 E F3 +(NS)2.949 E F2(dele)2.949 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .449(tion, b).05 F .449 +(ut you cannot list serv)-.2 F .449(ers in the parent')-.15 F 2.949(sd) +-.55 G(ele)-2.949 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .449(tion that are not pre-).05 F .15 +(sent in the zone')87 541.2 R 2.65(s`)-.55 G(`@')-3.39 E 2.65('. An)-.74 +F 2.65(ys)-.15 G(erv)-2.65 E .149(ers listed in the)-.15 F F3(NS)2.649 E +F2 .149(records must be con\214gured as authoritati)2.649 F .449 -.15 +(ve \()-.25 H(either).15 E .343(primary or secondary\) for the zone.)87 +553.2 R .343(If a serv)5.343 F .343(er listed in a)-.15 F F3(NS)2.843 E +F2 .343(record is not authoritati)2.843 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.844(,i).15 G +2.844(tw)-2.844 G .344(ill respond)-2.844 F(with a `)87 565.2 Q +(`lame dele)-.74 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(tion').05 E 2.5('w)-.74 G +(hen queried.)-2.5 E F0 2.5(5. T)72 601.2 R(ypes of Ser)-.74 E -.1(ve) +-.1 G(rs).1 E F2(Serv)112 617.4 Q .692(ers do not really ha)-.15 F .991 +-.15(ve `)-.2 H(`types')-.59 E 3.191('. A)-.74 F(serv)3.191 E .691 +(er can be a primary for some zones and a secondary)-.15 F 1.015 +(for others, or it can be only a primary)87 629.4 R 3.515(,o)-.65 G +3.515(ro)-3.515 G 1.015(nly a secondary)-3.515 F 3.515(,o)-.65 G 3.515 +(ri)-3.515 G 3.515(tc)-3.515 G 1.015(an serv)-3.515 F 3.516(en)-.15 G +3.516(oz)-3.516 G 1.016(ones and just answer)-3.516 F 2.346 +(queries via its `)87 641.4 R(`cache')-.74 E 4.846('. Pre)-.74 F 2.346 +(vious v)-.25 F 2.346(ersions of this document referred to serv)-.15 F +2.345(ers as `)-.15 F(`master')-.74 E 4.845('a)-.74 G(nd)-4.845 E -.74 +(``)87 653.4 S(sla).74 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 1.868 -.74('' b).15 H .388 +(ut we no).54 F 2.888(wf)-.25 G .388 +(eel that those distinctions \212 and the assignment of a `)-2.888 F +(`type')-.74 E 2.889('t)-.74 G 2.889(oan)-2.889 G .389(ame serv)-2.889 F +.389(er \212)-.15 F(are not useful.)87 665.4 Q F0 2.5(5.1. Caching)87 +689.4 R(Only Ser)2.5 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(r).1 E F2 1.65(All serv)127 705.6 R +1.65(ers are caching serv)-.15 F 4.149(ers. This)-.15 F 1.649 +(means that the serv)4.149 F 1.649(er caches the information that it) +-.15 F(recei)102 717.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.53(sf).15 G .03 +(or use until the data e)-2.53 F 2.53(xpires. A)-.15 F F3(Cac)2.53 E +.031(hing Only Server)-.15 F F2 .031(is a serv)2.531 F .031 +(er that is not authoritati)-.15 F .331 -.15(ve f)-.25 H(or).15 E EP +%%Page: 4 4 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Bold@0 SF 208.87(SMM:10-4 Name)72 60 R(Ser)2.5 E -.1(ve)-.1 +G 2.5(rO).1 G(perations Guide f)-2.5 E(or)-.25 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +(BIND)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(an)102 96 Q 2.839(yz)-.15 G 2.839 +(one. This)-2.839 F(serv)2.839 E .339 +(er services queries and asks other serv)-.15 F .339(ers, who ha)-.15 F +.639 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .338(he authority).15 F 2.838(,f)-.65 G .338 +(or the infor)-2.838 F(-)-.2 E .634(mation needed.)102 108 R .634 +(All serv)5.634 F .634(ers k)-.15 F .635 +(eep data in their cache until the data e)-.1 F .635(xpires, based on a) +-.15 F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(TTL)3.135 E F2(\(`)3.135 E(`T)-.74 E(ime) +-.35 E 1.6 -.8(To L)102 120 T -2.15 -.25(iv e).8 H -.74('').25 G 2.5 +<298c>.74 G(eld which is maintained for all resource records.)-2.5 E F0 +2.5(5.2. Remote)87 144 R(Ser)2.5 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(r).1 E F2 2.695(AR)127 +160.2 S .195(emote Serv)-2.695 F .195(er is an option gi)-.15 F -.15(ve) +-.25 G 2.695(nt).15 G 2.695(op)-2.695 G .195(eople who w)-2.695 F .195 +(ould lik)-.1 F 2.695(et)-.1 G 2.695(ou)-2.695 G .195(se a name serv) +-2.695 F .195(er from their)-.15 F -.1(wo)102 172.2 S 1.73(rkstation or\ + on a machine that has a limited amount of memory and CPU c).1 F 4.23 +(ycles. W)-.15 F 1.73(ith this)-.4 F .162 +(option you can run all of the netw)102 184.2 R .162 +(orking programs that use the name serv)-.1 F .161 +(er without the name serv)-.15 F(er)-.15 E .802 +(running on the local machine.)102 196.2 R .803 +(All of the queries are serviced by a name serv)5.803 F .803 +(er that is running on)-.15 F .198(another machine on the netw)102 208.2 +R 2.698(ork. A)-.1 F .198(host which has an)2.698 F F3(/etc/r)2.698 E +(esolv)-.37 E(.conf)-.74 E F2 .198(\214le listing only remote hosts,) +2.698 F .223(and which does not run a name serv)102 220.2 R .223 +(er of its o)-.15 F .224(wn, is sometimes called a Remote Serv)-.25 F +.224(er \(because the)-.15 F .316(actual serv)102 232.2 R .316 +(er is remote?\) b)-.15 F .316 +(ut more often it is called simply a DNS Client.)-.2 F .315 +(This kind of host is tech-)5.316 F(nically not a `)102 244.2 Q(`serv) +-.74 E(er')-.15 E(', since it has no cache and does not answer queries.) +-.74 E F0 2.5(5.3. Sla)87 268.2 R .2 -.1(ve S)-.25 H(er).1 E -.1(ve)-.1 +G(r).1 E F2 3.234(AS)127 284.4 S(la)-3.234 E 1.034 -.15(ve S)-.2 H(erv) +.15 E .734(er is a serv)-.15 F .734(er that al)-.15 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .734 +(ys forw).1 F .734(ards queries it cannot satisfy from its cache, to a) +-.1 F<8c78>102 296.4 Q .909(ed list of)-.15 F F3(forwar)3.409 E(ding) +-.37 E F2(serv)3.409 E .909 +(ers instead of interacting with the name serv)-.15 F .908 +(ers for the root and other)-.15 F 3.308(domains. The)102 308.4 R .808 +(queries to the)3.308 F F3(forwar)3.308 E .808(ding server)-.37 F(s)-.1 +E F2 .808(are recursi)3.308 F 1.108 -.15(ve q)-.25 H 3.308 +(ueries. There).15 F .808(may be one or more)3.308 F(forw)102 320.4 Q +.215(arding serv)-.1 F .215(ers, and the)-.15 F 2.714(ya)-.15 G .214 +(re tried in turn until the list is e)-2.714 F 2.714(xhausted. A)-.15 F +(Sla)2.714 E .514 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .214(nd forw).15 F .214(arder con-)-.1 +F .618(\214guration is typically used when you do not wish all the serv) +102 332.4 R .619(ers at a gi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.119(ns).15 G .619 +(ite to interact with the)-3.119 F 2.008(rest of the Internet serv)102 +344.4 R 4.508(ers. A)-.15 F 2.008(typical scenario w)4.508 F 2.008 +(ould in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G(lv).2 E 4.508(ean)-.15 G 2.008(umber of w) +-4.508 F 2.008(orkstations and a)-.1 F .033 +(departmental timesharing machine with Internet access.)102 356.4 R .033 +(The w)5.033 F .033(orkstations might be administrati)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 +G(ly).15 E 1.17(prohibited from ha)102 368.4 R 1.17 +(ving Internet access.)-.2 F 2.769 -.8(To g)6.169 H -2.15 -.25(iv e).8 H +1.169(the w)3.919 F 1.169(orkstations the appearance of access to the) +-.1 F .588(Internet domain system, the w)102 380.4 R .588 +(orkstations could be Sla)-.1 F .889 -.15(ve s)-.2 H(erv).15 E .589 +(ers to the timesharing machine which)-.15 F -.1(wo)102 392.4 S .044 +(uld forw).1 F .044(ard the queries and interact with other name serv) +-.1 F .044(ers to resolv)-.15 F 2.544(et)-.15 G .044 +(he query before returning)-2.544 F .3(the answer)102 404.4 R 5.3(.A) +-.55 G 2.8(na)-5.3 G .3(dded bene\214t of using the forw)-2.8 F .301 +(arding feature is that the central machine de)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .301 +(lops a).15 F .373 +(much more complete cache of information that all the w)102 416.4 R .373 +(orkstations can tak)-.1 F 2.872(ea)-.1 G(dv)-2.872 E .372(antage of.) +-.25 F .372(The use)5.372 F .223(of Sla)102 428.4 R .523 -.15(ve m)-.2 H +.223(ode and forw).15 F .223 +(arding is discussed further under the description of the)-.1 F F3 +(named)2.724 E F2 .224(boot\214le com-)2.724 F(mands.)102 440.4 Q 1.174 +(There is no prohibition ag)127 456.6 R 1.173(ainst declaring a serv) +-.05 F 1.173(er to be a)-.15 F F3(slave)3.673 E F2 -2.15 -.25(ev e)3.673 +H 3.673(nt).25 G 1.173(hough it has)-3.673 F F3(primary)3.673 E F2 +(and/or)102 468.6 Q F3(secondary)3.422 E F2 .922(zones as well; the ef) +3.422 F .922(fect will still be that an)-.25 F .923 +(ything in the local serv)-.15 F(er')-.15 E 3.423(sc)-.55 G .923 +(ache or)-3.423 F(zones will be answered, and an)102 480.6 Q +(ything else will be forw)-.15 E(arded using the)-.1 E F3(forwar)2.5 E +(der)-.37 E(s)-.1 E F2(list.)2.5 E F0 2.5(6. Files)72 516.6 R F2 .082 +(The name serv)112 532.8 R .081(er uses se)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .081 +(ral \214les to load its data base.).15 F .081(This section co)5.081 F +-.15(ve)-.15 G .081(rs the \214les and their for).15 F(-)-.2 E +(mats needed for)87 544.8 Q F3(named)2.5 E F2(.)A F0 2.5(6.1. Boot)87 +568.8 R(File)2.5 E F2 .05(This is the \214le that is \214rst read when) +127 585 R F3(named)2.55 E F2 .051(starts up.)2.551 F .051 +(This tells the serv)5.051 F .051(er what type of serv)-.15 F(er)-.15 E +.275(it is, which zones it has authority o)102 597 R -.15(ve)-.15 G +2.775(ra).15 G .275(nd where to get its initial data.)-2.775 F .274 +(The def)5.274 F .274(ault location for this)-.1 F .259(\214le is)102 +609 R F3 -.834(/etc /named.boot)2.759 F F2 5.26(.H)1.666 G -.25(ow)-5.26 +G -2.15 -.25(ev e).25 H 2.76(rt).25 G .26 +(his can be changed by setting the)-2.76 F F3(BOO)2.76 E(TFILE)-.4 E F2 +-.25(va)2.76 G .26(riable when you).25 F(compile)102 621 Q F3(named)2.5 +E F2(or by specifying the location on the command line when)2.5 E F3 +(named)2.5 E F2(is started up.)2.5 E F0 2.5(6.1.1. Domain)102 645 R F2 +2.5(Ad)142 661.2 S(ef)-2.5 E +(ault domain may be speci\214ed for the name serv)-.1 E +(er using a line such as)-.15 E F3 3.5(domain Berk)167 677.4 R(ele)-.1 E +(y)-.3 E F0(.)1.666 E F3(Edu)1.666 E F2 .023(Older name serv)117 693.6 R +.023(ers use this information when the)-.15 F 2.523(yr)-.15 G(ecei) +-2.523 E .323 -.15(ve a q)-.25 H .023(uery for a name without a `).15 F +(`)-.74 E F0(.)A F2 1.502 -.74('' t)D(hat).74 E 1.469(is not kno)117 +705.6 R 3.969(wn. Ne)-.25 F 1.469(wer designs assume that the resolv) +-.25 F 1.47(er library will append its o)-.15 F 1.47(wn idea of a)-.25 F +-.74(``)117 717.6 S(def).74 E .163(ault domain')-.1 F 2.663('t)-.74 G +2.662(oa)-2.663 G .462 -.15(ny u)-2.662 H .162(nquali\214ed names.).15 F +.162(Though the name serv)5.162 F .162(er can still be compiled with) +-.15 F EP +%%Page: 5 5 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Name Ser)72 60 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G 2.5(rO).1 G +(perations Guide f)-2.5 E(or)-.25 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 211.564 +(BIND SMM)2.5 F F0(:10-5)A/F2 10/Times-Roman@0 SF .268(support for the) +117 96 R/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(domain)2.768 E F2(directi)2.768 E .568 +-.15(ve i)-.25 H 2.768(nt).15 G .268(he boot \214le, the def)-2.768 F +.268(ault is to lea)-.1 F .569 -.15(ve i)-.2 H 2.769(to).15 G .269 +(ut and we strenuously)-2.769 F .066(recommend ag)117 108 R .066 +(ainst its use.)-.05 F .066 +(If you use this feature, clients outside your local domain which send) +5.066 F .504(you requests about unquali\214ed names will ha)117 120 R +.804 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .504 +(he implicit quali\214cation of your domain rather).15 F .027 +(than theirs.)117 132 R .026 +(The proper place for this function is on the client, in their)5.027 F +F0(/etc/r)2.526 E(esolv)-.18 E(.conf)-.7 E F2 .026(\(or equi)2.526 F(v-) +-.25 E(alent\) \214le.)117 144 Q(Use of the)5 E F3(domain)2.5 E F2 +(directi)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 2.5(ny).15 G +(our boot \214le is strongly discouraged.)-2.5 E F0 2.5(6.1.2. Dir)102 +168 R(ectory)-.18 E F2(The)142 184.2 Q F3(dir)2.663 E(ectory)-.37 E F2 +(directi)2.663 E .464 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .164 +(peci\214es the directory in which the name serv).15 F .164 +(er should run, allo)-.15 F(w-)-.25 E .222 +(ing the other \214le names in the boot \214le to use relati)117 196.2 R +.522 -.15(ve p)-.25 H .222(ath names.).15 F .222(There can be only one) +5.222 F F3(dir)2.722 E(ec-)-.37 E(tory)117 208.2 Q F2(directi)2.5 E .3 +-.15(ve a)-.25 H(nd it should be gi).15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(nb).15 G +(efore an)-2.5 E 2.5(yo)-.15 G(ther directi)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 +(st).15 G(hat specify \214le names.)-2.5 E F3(dir)167 224.4 Q 45.25 +(ectory /var/named)-.37 F F2 1.383(If you ha)117 240.6 R 1.684 -.15 +(ve m)-.2 H 1.384(ore than a couple of named \214les to be maintained, \ +you may wish to place the).15 F .649 +(named \214les in a directory such as /v)117 252.6 R .648 +(ar/named and adjust the directory command properly)-.25 F 5.648(.T)-.65 +G(he)-5.648 E .621(main purposes of this command are to mak)117 264.6 R +3.121(es)-.1 G .621(ure named is in the proper directory when trying) +-3.121 F .306(to include \214les by relati)117 276.6 R .606 -.15(ve p) +-.25 H .305(ath names with $INCLUDE and to allo).15 F 2.805(wn)-.25 G +.305(amed to run in a location)-2.805 F +(that is reasonable to dump core if it feels the ur)117 288.6 Q(ge.)-.18 +E F0 2.5(6.1.3. Primary)102 312.6 R(Ser)2.5 E(vice)-.1 E F2 .875 +(The line in the boot \214le that designates the serv)142 328.8 R .875 +(er as a primary master serv)-.15 F .876(er for a zone)-.15 F +(looks as follo)117 340.8 Q(ws:)-.25 E F3 49.32(primary Berk)167 357 R +(ele)-.1 E(y)-.3 E F0(.)1.666 E F3 -1.052(Edu ucbhosts)1.666 F F2 .879 +(The \214rst \214eld speci\214es that the serv)117 373.2 R .879 +(er is a primary one for the zone stated in the second \214eld.)-.15 F(\ +The third \214eld is the name of the \214le from which the data is read\ +.)117 385.2 Q .008(The abo)142 401.4 R .308 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .008 +(ssumes that the zone you are specifying is a class).15 F F3(IN)2.508 E +F2 2.509(zone. If)2.509 F .009(you wish to des-)2.509 F .701 +(ignate a dif)117 413.4 R .701(ferent class you can append)-.25 F F3 +(/class)3.201 E F2 .701(to the \214rst \214eld, where)3.201 F F3(class) +3.2 E F2 .7(is either the inte)3.2 F(ger)-.15 E -.25(va)117 425.4 S .899 +(lue or the standard mnemonic for the class.).25 F -.15(Fo)5.899 G 3.399 +(re).15 G .9(xample the line for a primary serv)-3.549 F .9(er for a) +-.15 F(hesiod class zone looks as follo)117 437.4 Q(ws:)-.25 E F3 20 +(primary/HS Berk)167 453.6 R(ele)-.1 E(y)-.3 E F0(.)1.666 E F3 7.5 +(Edu hesiod.data)1.666 F F2 .858 +(Note that this support for specifying other than class)117 469.8 R F3 +(IN)3.358 E F2 .858(zones is a compile-time option which)3.358 F(your v) +117 481.8 Q(endor may not ha)-.15 E .3 -.15(ve e)-.2 H(nabled when the) +.15 E 2.5(yb)-.15 G(uilt your operating system.)-2.7 E F0 2.5 +(6.1.4. Secondary)102 505.8 R(Ser)2.5 E(vice)-.1 E F2 .946 +(The line for a secondary serv)142 522 R .946 +(er is similar to the primary e)-.15 F .947 +(xcept that it lists addresses of)-.15 F(other serv)117 534 Q +(ers \(usually primary serv)-.15 E +(ers\) from which the zone data will be obtained.)-.15 E F3 40.44 +(secondary Berk)167 550.2 R(ele)-.1 E(y)-.3 E F0(.)1.666 E F3 -1.052 +(Edu 128)1.666 F F0(.)A F3(32)A F0(.)A F3(0)A F0(.)A F3 2.5(10 128)B F0 +(.)A F3(32)A F0(.)A F3(0)A F0(.)A F3 2.5(4u)C(cbhosts.bak)-2.5 E F2 1.17 +(The \214rst \214eld speci\214es that the serv)117 566.4 R 1.169 +(er is a secondary serv)-.15 F 1.169 +(er for the zone stated in the second)-.15 F 3.001(\214eld. The)117 +578.4 R(tw)3.001 E 3.001(on)-.1 G(etw)-3.001 E .501 +(ork addresses specify the name serv)-.1 F .501(ers which ha)-.15 F .802 +-.15(ve d)-.2 H .502(ata for the zone.).15 F(Note)5.502 E .608 +(that at least one of these will be a)117 590.4 R F3(primary)3.108 E F2 +3.108(,a)C .608(nd, unless you are using some protocol other than)-3.108 +F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(IP/DNS)117 602.4 Q F2 .023 +(for your zone transfer mechanism, the others will all be other)2.522 F +F3(secondary)2.523 E F2(serv)2.523 E 2.523(ers. Ha)-.15 F(ving)-.2 E +.865(your secondary serv)117 614.4 R .865 +(er pull data from other secondary serv)-.15 F .865 +(ers is usually unwise, since you can)-.15 F .352 +(add delay to the propag)117 626.4 R .352 +(ation of zone updates if your netw)-.05 F(ork')-.1 E 2.852(sc)-.55 G +(onnecti)-2.852 E .352(vity v)-.25 F .353(aries in pathologi-)-.25 F +1.003(cal b)117 638.4 R 1.003(ut common w)-.2 F 3.502(ays. The)-.1 F +1.002(intended use for multiple addresses on a)3.502 F F3(secondary) +3.502 E F2 1.002(declaration is)3.502 F .595(when the)117 650.4 R F3 +(primary)3.095 E F2(serv)3.096 E .596(er has multiple netw)-.15 F .596 +(ork interf)-.1 F .596(aces and therefore multiple host addresses.)-.1 F +.34(The secondary serv)117 662.4 R .34(er gets its data across the netw) +-.15 F .339(ork from one of the listed serv)-.1 F 2.839(ers. The)-.15 F +(serv)2.839 E(er)-.15 E .785(addresses are tried in the order listed.) +117 674.4 R .785 +(If a \214lename is present after the list of primary serv)5.785 F(ers,) +-.15 E .468 +(data for the zone will be dumped into that \214le as a backup.)117 +686.4 R .467(When the serv)5.467 F .467(er is \214rst started, the)-.15 +F .686 +(data is loaded from the backup \214le if possible, and a primary serv) +117 698.4 R .686(er is then consulted to check)-.15 F .123 +(that the zone is still up-to-date.)117 710.4 R .123 +(Note that listing your serv)5.123 F .123(er as a)-.15 F F3(secondary) +2.623 E F2(serv)2.623 E .123(er does not nec-)-.15 F 1.221(essarily mak) +117 722.4 R 3.721(ei)-.1 G 3.721(to)-3.721 G 1.222 +(ne \212 the parent zone must)-3.721 F F3(dele)3.722 E(gate)-.4 E F2 +1.222(authority to your serv)3.722 F 1.222(er as well as the)-.15 F EP +%%Page: 6 6 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Bold@0 SF 208.87(SMM:10-6 Name)72 60 R(Ser)2.5 E -.1(ve)-.1 +G 2.5(rO).1 G(perations Guide f)-2.5 E(or)-.25 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +(BIND)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 1.417(primary and the other secondar\ +ies, or you will be transferring a zone o)117 96 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.917 +(rf).15 G 1.416(or no reason; no)-3.917 F .735(other serv)117 108 R .735 +(er will ha)-.15 F 1.035 -.15(ve a r)-.2 H .735 +(eason to query you for that zone unless the parent zone lists you as a) +.15 F(serv)117 120 Q(er for the zone.)-.15 E .348 +(As with primary you may specify a secondary serv)142 136.2 R .348 +(er for a class other than)-.15 F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(IN)2.848 E F2 +.348(by append-)2.848 F(ing)117 148.2 Q F3(/class)2.5 E F2(to the)2.5 E +F3(secondary)2.5 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yw)-.05 E(ord, e.g.,)-.1 E F3 +(secondary/HS)2.5 E F2(.)A F0 2.5(6.1.5. Stub)102 172.2 R(Ser)2.5 E +(vice)-.1 E F2 1.161(The line for a stub serv)142 188.4 R 1.161 +(er is similar to a secondary)-.15 F 6.161(.\()-.65 G 1.162 +(This feature is e)-6.161 F 1.162(xperimental as of)-.15 F(4.9.3.\))117 +200.4 Q F3 16.83(stub Berk)167 216.6 R(ele)-.1 E(y)-.3 E F0(.)1.666 E F3 +23.118(Edu 128)1.666 F F0(.)A F3(32)A F0(.)A F3(0)A F0(.)A F3 2.5 +(10 128)B F0(.)A F3(32)A F0(.)A F3(0)A F0(.)A F3 2.5(4u)C(cbhosts.bak) +-2.5 E F2(The \214rst \214eld speci\214es that the serv)117 232.8 Q +(er is a stub serv)-.15 E(er for the zone stated in the second \214eld.) +-.15 E 1.358 +(Stub zones are intended to ensure that a primary for a zone al)142 249 +R -.1(wa)-.1 G 1.358(ys has the correct).1 F F3(NS)3.858 E F2 .49(recor\ +ds for children of that zone. If the primary is not a secondary for a c\ +hild zone it should be)117 261 R 1.348 +(con\214gured with stub zones for all its children. Stub zones pro)117 +273 R 1.347(vide a mechanism to allo)-.15 F(w)-.25 E F3(NS)3.847 E F2 +(records for a zone to be speci\214ed in only one place.)117 285 Q F3 +1.28(primary CSIR)167 301.2 R(O)-.4 E F0(.)1.666 E F3 49.118 -.5(AU c) +1.666 H(sir).5 E(o.dat)-.45 E 16.83(stub dms.CSIR)167 313.2 R(O)-.4 E F0 +(.)1.666 E F3 30.508 -.5(AU 1)1.666 H(30).5 E F0(.)A F3(155)A F0(.)A F3 +(16)A F0(.)A F3 5(1d)C(ms.stub)-5 E 16.83(stub dap.CSIR)167 325.2 R(O) +-.4 E F0(.)1.666 E F3 31.618 -.5(AU 1)1.666 H(30).5 E F0(.)A F3(155)A F0 +(.)A F3(98)A F0(.)A F3 5(1d)C(ap.stub)-5 E F0 2.5(6.1.6. Cache)102 353.4 +R(Initialization)2.5 E F2 .991(All serv)142 369.6 R .991 +(ers, including `)-.15 F .991(`caching only')-.74 F 3.491('s)-.74 G(erv) +-3.491 E .991(ers, should ha)-.15 F 1.291 -.15(ve a l)-.2 H .992 +(ine as follo).15 F .992(ws in the boot)-.25 F +(\214le to prime the name serv)117 381.6 Q(ers cache:)-.15 E F3(cac)167 +397.8 Q(he)-.15 E F0(.)51.99 E F3 -.45(ro)55.55 G(ot).45 E F0(.)A F3 +(cac)A(he)-.15 E F2(Do not put an)117 414 Q(ything into your)-.15 E F3 +(cac)2.5 E(he)-.15 E F2(\214les other than root serv)2.5 E +(er information.)-.15 E .55 +(All cache \214les listed will be read in at named boot time and an)142 +430.2 R 3.05(yv)-.15 G .55(alues still v)-3.3 F .55(alid will be)-.25 F +.441(reinstated in the cache.)117 442.2 R .441(The root name serv)5.441 +F .441(er information in the cache \214les will be used until a)-.15 F +1.113(root query is actually answered by one of the name serv)117 454.2 +R 1.112(ers in the cache \214le, after which that)-.15 F(answer will be\ + used instead of the cache \214le until the answer times out.)117 466.2 +Q .112(As with)142 482.4 R F3(primary)2.612 E F2(and)2.612 E F3 +(secondary)2.612 E F2 2.612(,y)C .112(ou may specify a secondary serv) +-2.612 F .112(er for a class other than)-.15 F F3(IN)117 494.4 Q F2 +(by appending)2.5 E F3(/class)2.5 E F2(to the)2.5 E F3(cac)2.5 E(he)-.15 +E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yw)-.05 E(ord, e.g.,)-.1 E F3(class/HS)2.5 E F2(.)A F0 +2.5(6.1.7. F)102 518.4 R(orwarders)-.25 E F2(An)142 534.6 Q 3.621(ys) +-.15 G(erv)-3.621 E 1.121(er can mak)-.15 F 3.621(eu)-.1 G 1.121(se of) +-3.621 F F3(forwar)3.621 E(der)-.37 E(s)-.1 E F2 6.121(.A)C F3(forwar) +-2.5 E(der)-.37 E F2 1.121(is another serv)3.621 F 1.12 +(er capable of pro-)-.15 F .256(cessing recursi)117 546.6 R .556 -.15 +(ve q)-.25 H .256(ueries that is willing to try resolving queries on be\ +half of other systems.).15 F(The)5.256 E F3(forwar)117 558.6 Q(der)-.37 +E(s)-.1 E F2(command speci\214es forw)2.5 E +(arders by internet address as follo)-.1 E(ws:)-.25 E F3(forwar)167 +574.8 Q(der)-.37 E 89.23(s1)-.1 G(28)-89.23 E F0(.)A F3(32)A F0(.)A F3 +(0)A F0(.)A F3 7.5(10 128)B F0(.)A F3(32)A F0(.)A F3(0)A F0(.)A F3(4)A +F2 1.003(There are tw)117 591 R 3.503(om)-.1 G 1.003(ain reasons for w) +-3.503 F 1.002(anting to do so.)-.1 F 1.002 +(First, some systems may not ha)6.002 F 1.302 -.15(ve f)-.2 H 1.002 +(ull net-).15 F -.1(wo)117 603 S .379(rk access and may be pre).1 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G .379(nted from sending an).15 F 2.879(yI)-.15 G 2.879(Pp) +-2.879 G(ack)-2.879 E .38(ets into the rest of the Internet and)-.1 F +.33(therefore must rely on a forw)117 615 R .33(arder which does ha)-.1 +F .63 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .33(ccess to the full net.).15 F .33 +(The second reason is)5.33 F 1.371(that the forw)117 627 R 1.372 +(arder sees a union of all queries as the)-.1 F 3.872(yp)-.15 G 1.372 +(ass through its serv)-3.872 F 1.372(er and therefore it)-.15 F -.2(bu) +117 639 S .486(ilds up a v).2 F .485 +(ery rich cache of data compared to the cache in a typical w)-.15 F .485 +(orkstation name serv)-.1 F(er)-.15 E(.)-.55 E .55(In ef)117 651 R .55 +(fect, the)-.25 F F3(forwar)3.05 E(der)-.37 E F2 .551(becomes a meta-ca\ +che that all hosts can bene\214t from, thereby reducing)3.05 F +(the total number of queries from that site to the rest of the net.)117 +663 Q .449(The ef)142 679.2 R .449(fect of `)-.25 F(`forw)-.74 E +(arders')-.1 E 2.949('i)-.74 G 2.949(st)-2.949 G 2.949(op)-2.949 G .449 +(repend some \214x)-2.949 F .448(ed addresses to the list of name serv) +-.15 F(ers)-.15 E .806(to be tried for e)117 691.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .806 +(ry query).15 F 5.806(.N)-.65 G .806 +(ormally that list is made up only of higher)-5.806 F .807 +(-authority serv)-.2 F .807(ers dis-)-.15 F(co)117 703.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 +G .93(red via).15 F F3(NS)3.43 E F2 .93(record lookups for the rele)3.43 +F -.25(va)-.25 G .93(nt domain.).25 F .93(If the forw)5.93 F .93 +(arders do not answer)-.1 F 3.43(,t)-.4 G(hen)-3.43 E 1.512(unless the) +117 715.2 R F3(slave)4.012 E F2(directi)4.013 E 1.813 -.15(ve w)-.25 H +1.513(as gi).05 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.513(n, the appropriate serv).15 F +1.513(ers for the domains will be queried)-.15 F EP +%%Page: 7 7 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Name Ser)72 60 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G 2.5(rO).1 G +(perations Guide f)-2.5 E(or)-.25 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 211.564 +(BIND SMM)2.5 F F0(:10-7)A/F2 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(directly)117 96 Q(.) +-.65 E F0 2.5(6.1.8. Sla)102 132 R .2 -.1(ve S)-.25 H(er).1 E -.1(ve)-.1 +G(rs).1 E F2(Sla)142 148.2 Q .381 -.15(ve m)-.2 H .081 +(ode is used if the use of forw).15 F .08(arders is the only possible w) +-.1 F .08(ay to resolv)-.1 F 2.58(eq)-.15 G .08(ueries due)-2.58 F 1.059 +(to lack of full net access or if you wish to pre)117 160.2 R -.15(ve) +-.25 G 1.059(nt the name serv).15 F 1.059(er from using other than the) +-.15 F(listed forw)117 172.2 Q 2.5(arders. Sla)-.1 F .3 -.15(ve m)-.2 H +(ode is acti).15 E -.25(va)-.25 G(ted by placing the simple command).25 +E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(options forwar)167 188.4 Q(d-only)-.37 E F2 +.746(in the boot\214le.)117 204.6 R .746 +(If this option is used, then you must specify forw)5.746 F 3.245 +(arders. When)-.1 F .745(in sla)3.245 F 1.045 -.15(ve m)-.2 H(ode,).15 E +.475(the serv)117 216.6 R .475(er will forw)-.15 F .475 +(ard each query to each of the forw)-.1 F .476 +(arders until an answer is found or the list)-.1 F .14(of forw)117 228.6 +R .14(arders is e)-.1 F 2.64(xhausted. The)-.15 F(serv)2.64 E .14 +(er will not try to contact an)-.15 F 2.64(yr)-.15 G .14 +(emote name serv)-2.64 F .14(er other than)-.15 F(those named in the)117 +240.6 Q F3(forwar)2.5 E(der)-.37 E(s)-.1 E F2(list.)2.5 E .855(So while) +142 256.8 R F3(forwar)3.355 E(der)-.37 E(s)-.1 E F2 .855 +(prepends addresses to the `)3.355 F(`serv)-.74 E .855(er list')-.15 F +3.356('f)-.74 G .856(or each query)-3.356 F(,)-.65 E F3 .856 +(options for)3.356 F(-)-.2 E(war)117 268.8 Q(d-only)-.37 E F2 .046 +(causes the `)2.546 F(`serv)-.74 E .046(er list')-.15 F 2.546('t)-.74 G +2.546(oc)-2.546 G(ontain)-2.546 E F3(only)2.546 E F2 .046 +(those addresses listed in the)2.546 F F3(forwar)2.545 E(der)-.37 E(s) +-.1 E F2(decla-)2.545 E 2.976(rations. Careless)117 280.8 R .476 +(use of the)2.976 F F3 .477(options forwar)2.977 F(d-only)-.37 E F2 +(directi)2.977 E .777 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .477 +(an cause really horrible forw).15 F(arding)-.1 E 1.749 +(loops, since you could end up forw)117 292.8 R 1.749 +(arding queries only to some set of hosts which are also)-.1 F(sla)117 +304.8 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G(s, and one or se).15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +(ral of them could be forw).15 E(arding queries back to you.)-.1 E .672 +(Use of the)142 321 R F3 .672(options forwar)3.172 F(d-only)-.37 E F2 +(directi)3.172 E .972 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .673(hould be considered v).15 F +.673(ery carefully)-.15 F 5.673(.N)-.65 G .673(ote that)-5.673 F +(this same beha)117 333 Q(viour can be achie)-.2 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 +(du).15 G(sing the deprecated directi)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(,).15 E F3 +(slave)2.5 E F2(.)A F0 2.5(6.1.9. Nonr)102 369 R(ecursi)-.18 E .2 -.1 +(ve S)-.1 H(er).1 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(rs).1 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(BIND)142 +385.2 Q F2 2.487 -.55('s s)D 1.387(eparation of authoritati).55 F 1.687 +-.15(ve \()-.25 H 1.386(zone\) and nonauthoritiati).15 F 1.686 -.15 +(ve \()-.25 H 1.386(cache\) data has al).15 F -.1(wa)-.1 G(ys).1 E .664 +(been some)117 397.2 R .664 +(what weak, and pollution of the former via the latter has been kno)-.25 +F .665(wn to occur)-.25 F 5.665(.O)-.55 G(ne)-5.665 E -.1(wa)117 409.2 S +3.652(yt).1 G 3.652(op)-3.652 G(re)-3.652 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.152 +(nt this, as well as to sa).15 F 1.452 -.15(ve m)-.2 H 1.152 +(emory on serv).15 F 1.151(ers carrying a lot of authoritati)-.15 F +1.451 -.15(ve d)-.25 H(ata).15 E .514(\(e.g., root serv)117 421.2 R .514 +(ers\) is to mak)-.15 F 3.015(es)-.1 G .515(uch serv)-3.015 F .515 +(ers `)-.15 F(`nonrecursi)-.74 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -.7(.').15 G 5.515('T) +-.04 G .515(his can be achie)-5.515 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.015(dv).15 G .515 +(ia the direc-)-3.015 F(ti)117 433.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G F3(options no-r) +167 449.4 Q(ecur)-.37 E(sion)-.1 E F2 .733(in the boot\214le.)117 465.6 +R 3.233(As)5.733 G(erv)-3.233 E .733(er with this option enabled will n\ +ot attempt to fetch data to help answer)-.15 F .459 +(queries \212 if you ask it for data it does not ha)117 477.6 R -.15(ve) +-.2 G 2.959(,i).15 G 2.959(tw)-2.959 G .459 +(ill send you a referral to a more authorita-)-2.959 F(ti)117 489.6 Q +1.174 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(erv).15 E .874(er or)-.15 F 3.374(,i)-.4 G 3.374 +(fi)-3.374 G 3.374(ti)-3.374 G 3.374(si)-3.374 G .874(tself authoritati) +-3.374 F 1.174 -.15(ve f)-.25 H .874(or the zone of the query).15 F +3.373(,i)-.65 G 3.373(tw)-3.373 G .873(ill send you an ne)-3.373 F -.05 +(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(answer)117 501.6 Q(.)-.55 E 2.958(An) +142 517.8 S(onrecursi)-2.958 E .758 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(erv).15 E .458 +(er can be named in an)-.15 F F4(NS RR)2.958 E F2 -.2(bu)2.958 G 2.958 +(ti).2 G 2.958(tc)-2.958 G .459(annot be listed in the)-2.958 F F3 -.37 +(re)2.959 G(solv).37 E(.conf)-.74 E F2(\214le.)117 529.8 Q F0 2.5 +(6.1.10. Query)102 565.8 R(Logging)2.5 E F2 1.263 +(If the \214le system containing your)142 582 R F3(syslo)3.763 E(g)-.1 E +F2 1.262(\214le has quite a bit of space, you can consider)3.763 F +(using the)117 594 Q F3(options query-lo)167 610.2 Q(g)-.1 E F2(directi) +117 626.4 Q .357 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 2.557(ny).15 G .057(our boot\214le.) +-2.557 F .057(This will cause your name serv)5.057 F .058(er to log e) +-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .058(ry query it recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .058 +(s, which).15 F .451(when combined with a Perl or)117 638.4 R F4 -.81 +(AW)2.951 G(K).81 E F2 .45 +(script to postprocess the logs, can be a useful management)2.951 F +(tool.)117 650.4 Q F0 2.5(6.1.11. In)102 686.4 R -.1(ve)-.4 G +(rse Query Pseudosupport).1 E F4(BIND)142 702.6 Q F2 .286(by def)2.786 F +.286(ault does not support in)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .286 +(rse queries, and this has been kno).15 F .287(wn to cause prob-)-.25 F +1.314(lems for certain microcomputer operating systems and for older v) +117 714.6 R 1.313(ersions of)-.15 F F4(BIND)3.813 E F2 -.55('s)C F3 +(nslookup)4.363 E EP +%%Page: 8 8 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Bold@0 SF 208.87(SMM:10-8 Name)72 60 R(Ser)2.5 E -.1(ve)-.1 +G 2.5(rO).1 G(perations Guide f)-2.5 E(or)-.25 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +(BIND)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 4.125(tool. Y)117 96 R 1.626 +(ou may decide that rather than answering with `)-1.1 F 1.626 +(`operation not implemented,)-.74 F -.74('')-.7 G/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 +SF(named)4.866 E F2 .582(should detect the most common in)117 108 R -.15 +(ve)-.4 G .581(rse queries and answer them with bogus information.).15 F +.581(It is)5.581 F .972 +(better to upgrade your clients to stop depending on in)117 120 R -.15 +(ve)-.4 G .973(rse queries, b).15 F .973(ut if that is not possible,)-.2 +F(you should use the)117 132 Q F3(options fak)167 148.2 Q(e-iquery)-.1 E +F2(directi)117 164.4 Q .873 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 3.073(ny).15 G .573 +(our boot\214le.)-3.073 F F3(NO)5.573 E(TE:)-.4 E F2 .573 +(the responses are in f)3.073 F .573(act bogus, in that the)-.1 F 3.072 +(yc)-.15 G(ontain)-3.072 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(ISO)3.072 E F2(8859)A +1.867(square brack)117 176.4 R 1.867(ets \()-.1 F F0([)A F2(and)4.367 E +F0(])4.367 E F2 1.868(\), so your clients will not be able to do an)B +1.868(ything useful with these)-.15 F 3.259(responses. It)117 188.4 R +.759(has been observ)3.259 F .759(ed that no client e)-.15 F -.15(ve) +-.25 G 3.259(rd).15 G .759(id an)-3.259 F .758 +(ything useful with real in)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .758(rse query).15 F +(responses, either)117 200.4 Q(.)-.55 E F0 2.5(6.1.12. Setting)102 236.4 +R(Name Ser)2.5 E -.1(ve)-.1 G 2.5(rL).1 G(imits)-2.5 E F2 1.04 +(Some name serv)142 252.6 R 1.041 +(er operations can be quite resource intensi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.541 +(,a).15 G 1.041(nd in order to tune your)-3.541 F 1.435 +(system properly it is sometimes necessary to change)117 264.6 R F4 +(BIND)3.935 E F2 2.535 -.55('s i)D 1.435(nternal quotas.).55 F 1.435 +(This is accom-)6.435 F(plished via)117 276.6 Q F3(limit <name> <value>) +167 292.8 Q F2(directi)117 309 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(si).15 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 +G(he boot\214le.)-2.5 E(Limits, and their def)5 E(ault v)-.1 E +(alues, are as follo)-.25 E(ws:)-.25 E F3(limit tr)167 325.2 Q(ansfer) +-.15 E(s-in 10)-.1 E F2 .28(This is the number of simultaneous)117 341.4 +R F3(named-xfer)2.78 E F2(processes)2.78 E F4(BIND)2.78 E F2 .281 +(is willing to start.)2.78 F .281(Higher num-)5.281 F .51(bers yield f) +117 353.4 R .51(aster con)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.4 G -.18(rg).15 G .509 +(ence to primary serv).18 F .509(ers if your secondary serv)-.15 F .509 +(er has hundreds or thou-)-.15 F .693(sands of zones to maintain, b)117 +365.4 R .694 +(ut setting this number too high can cause thrashing due to starv)-.2 F +(a-)-.25 E 1.936(tion of resources such as netw)117 377.4 R 1.936 +(ork bandwidth or sw)-.1 F 1.936(ap space.)-.1 F F3(NO)6.936 E(TE:)-.4 E +F2 1.936(this limit can also be)4.436 F -.15(ex)117 389.4 S +(pressed via the deprecated directi).15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G F3(max-fetc) +2.65 E 2.5(hN)-.15 G(N)-2.5 E F2(.)A F3(limit tr)167 405.6 Q(ansfer)-.15 +E(s-per)-.1 E(-ns 2)-.2 E F2 .057(This is the number of simultaneous)117 +421.8 R F3(named-xfer)2.557 E F2(processes)2.558 E F4(BIND)2.558 E F2 +.058(is willing to initiate)2.558 F F3 .058(to any given)2.558 F 1.719 +(name server)117 433.8 R F2 6.719(.I)C 4.219(nm)-6.719 G 1.719 +(ost cases, you should not need to change it.)-4.219 F 1.718 +(If your secondary serv)6.719 F 1.718(er is)-.15 F .139 +(pulling hundreds or thousands of zones from a single primary serv)117 +445.8 R(er)-.15 E 2.64(,i)-.4 G(ncreasing)-2.64 E F3(tr)2.64 E(ansfer) +-.15 E(s-per)-.1 E(-ns)-.2 E F2 .664(may speed con)117 457.8 R -.15(ve) +-.4 G -.18(rg).15 G 3.164(ence. It).18 F .664(should be k)3.164 F .663 +(ept as small as possible, to a)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.2 G .663 +(id causing thrashing and).2 F(resource starv)117 469.8 Q +(ation on the primary serv)-.25 E(er)-.15 E(.)-.55 E F3 +(limit datasize <system-dependent>)167 486 Q F2 .521(Most systems ha)117 +502.2 R .822 -.15(ve a q)-.2 H .522 +(uota that limits the size of the so-called `).15 F .522(`data se)-.74 F +(gment,)-.15 E 2.002 -.74('' w)-.7 H .522(hich is where).74 F F4(BIND) +117 514.2 Q F2 -.1(ke)3.495 G .994 +(eps all of its authority and cache data.).1 F F4(BIND)5.994 E F2 .994 +(will beha)3.494 F 1.294 -.15(ve s)-.2 H .994(uboptimally \(perhaps e) +.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E -.15(ex)117 526.2 S 1.225 +(iting\) if it runs up ag).15 F 1.225(ainst this quota.)-.05 F 1.226 +(If your system supports a system call to change this)6.225 F .997 +(quota for a gi)117 538.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.497(np).15 G .997 +(rocess, you can ask)-3.497 F F4(BIND)3.496 E F2 .996 +(to use that system call via the)3.496 F F3 .996(limit datasize NN)3.496 +F F2(directi)117 550.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.369(.T).15 G .369(he v)-5.369 +F .369(alue gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.869(nh).15 G .369 +(ere may be scaled by post\214xing)-2.869 F F3(k)2.869 E F2 .37 +(for 1024X,)2.87 F F3(m)2.87 E F2 .37(for \(1024^2\)X, and)2.87 F F3(g) +117 562.2 Q F2(for \(1024^3\)X.)2.5 E(In 1995, the root serv)5 E +(ers all use)-.15 E F3(limit datasize 64m)2.5 E F2(.)A F0 2.5 +(6.1.13. Zone)102 598.2 R -.74(Tr)2.5 G(ansfer Restrictions).74 E F2 +1.417(It may be the case that your or)142 614.4 R -.05(ga)-.18 G 1.417 +(nization does not wish to gi).05 F 1.717 -.15(ve c)-.25 H 1.416 +(omplete lists of your).15 F .71(hosts to an)117 626.4 R .71 +(yone on the Internet who can reach your name serv)-.15 F 3.211 +(ers. While)-.15 F .711(it is still possible for)3.211 F .096 +(people to `)117 638.4 R(`iterate')-.74 E 2.596('t)-.74 G .096 +(hrough your address range, looking for)-2.596 F F3(PTR)2.596 E F2 .095 +(records, and b)2.596 F .095(uild a list of your)-.2 F 1.074 +(hosts the `)117 650.4 R(`slo)-.74 E(w')-.25 E 3.574('w)-.74 G(ay)-3.674 +E 3.574(,i)-.65 G 3.574(ti)-3.574 G 3.574(ss)-3.574 G 1.074 +(till considered reasonable to restrict your e)-3.574 F 1.075 +(xport of zones via the)-.15 F .784(zone transfer protocol.)117 662.4 R +2.384 -.8(To l)5.784 H .784 +(imit the list of neighbors who can transfer zones from your serv).8 F +(er)-.15 E(,)-.4 E(use the)117 674.4 Q F3(xfrnets)2.5 E F2(directi)2.5 E +-.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E .067(This directi)142 690.6 R .367 -.15(ve h)-.25 +H .067(as the same syntax as).15 F F3(forwar)2.567 E(der)-.37 E(s)-.1 E +F2 -.15(ex)2.567 G .067(cept that you can list netw).15 F .068 +(ork numbers)-.1 F(in addition to host addresses.)117 702.6 Q -.15(Fo)5 +G 2.5(re).15 G(xample, you could add the directi)-2.65 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +EP +%%Page: 9 9 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Name Ser)72 60 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G 2.5(rO).1 G +(perations Guide f)-2.5 E(or)-.25 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 211.564 +(BIND SMM)2.5 F F0(:10-9)A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(xfrnets 16.0.0.0)167 +96 Q/F3 10/Times-Roman@0 SF .672(if you w)117 112.2 R .671 +(anted to permit only hosts on Class A netw)-.1 F .671 +(ork number 16 to transfer zones from your)-.1 F(serv)117 124.2 Q(er) +-.15 E 7.06(.T)-.55 G 2.061 +(his is not nearly granular enough, and a future v)-7.06 F 2.061 +(ersion of)-.15 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(BIND)4.561 E F3 2.061 +(will permit such)4.561 F .259 +(access-control to be speci\214ed on a per)117 136.2 R .259 +(-host basis rather than the current per)-.2 F .258(-net basis.)-.2 F +.258(Note that)5.258 F 1.085(while addresses without e)117 148.2 R 1.086 +(xplicit masks are assumed by this directi)-.15 F 1.386 -.15(ve t)-.25 H +3.586(ob).15 G 3.586(en)-3.586 G(etw)-3.586 E 1.086(orks, you can)-.1 F +.611(specify a mask which is as granular as you wish, perhaps including\ + all bits of the address such)117 160.2 R(that only a single host is gi) +117 172.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(nt).15 G(ransfer permission.)-2.5 E -.15 +(Fo)5 G 2.5(re).15 G(xample, consider)-2.65 E F2 +(xfrnets 16.1.0.2&255.255.255.255)167 188.4 Q F3 1.588(which w)117 204.6 +R 1.588(ould permit only host)-.1 F F2(16.1.0.2)4.088 E F3 1.588 +(to transfer zones from you.)4.088 F 1.588(Note that no spaces are)6.588 +F(allo)117 216.6 Q(wed surrounding the `)-.25 E(`)-.74 E F2(&)A F3 1.48 +-.74('' c)D(haracter that introduces a netmask.).74 E(The)142 232.8 Q F2 +(xfrnets)2.545 E F3(directi)2.545 E .345 -.15(ve m)-.25 H .044 +(ay also be gi).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.544(na).15 G(s)-2.544 E F2 +(tcplist)2.544 E F3 .044(for compatibility with interim releases of) +2.544 F F4(BIND)117 244.8 Q F3(4.9.)2.5 E F0 2.5(6.1.14. Sorting)102 +280.8 R(Addr)2.5 E(esses)-.18 E F3 .711 +(If there are multiple addresses a)142 297 R -.25(va)-.2 G .712 +(ilable for a name serv).25 F .712(er which)-.15 F F4(BIND)3.212 E F3 +-.1(wa)3.212 G .712(nts to contact,).1 F F4(BIND)117 309 Q F3 .052 +(will try the ones it belie)2.553 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.552(sa).15 G .052 +(re `)-2.552 F(`closest')-.74 E 2.552<278c>-.74 G 2.552(rst. `)-2.552 F +(`Closeness')-.74 E 2.552('i)-.74 G 2.552(sd)-2.552 G .052 +(e\214ned in terms of similar)-2.552 F(-)-.2 E .732 +(ity-of-address; that is, if one address is on the same)117 321 R F2 +(subnet)3.232 E F3 .732(as some interf)3.232 F .732 +(ace of the local host,)-.1 F .684 +(then that address will be tried \214rst.)117 333 R -.15(Fa)5.684 G .683 +(iling that, an address which is on the same).15 F F2(network)3.183 E F3 +(will)3.183 E .835(be tried \214rst.)117 345 R -.15(Fa)5.835 G .835 +(iling that, the).15 F 3.335(yw)-.15 G .835(ill be tried in a more-or) +-3.335 F .835(-less random order unless the)-.2 F F2(sortlist)3.335 E F3 +(directi)117 357 Q 1.157 -.15(ve w)-.25 H .857(as gi).05 F -.15(ve)-.25 +G 3.357(ni).15 G 3.357(nt)-3.357 G(he)-3.357 E F2(named.boot)3.357 E F3 +(\214le.)3.357 E F2(sortlist)5.856 E F3 .856(has a syntax similar to) +3.356 F F2(forwar)3.356 E(der)-.37 E(s)-.1 E F3(,)A F2(xfrnets)3.356 E +F3(,)A(and)117 369 Q F2(bo)3.576 E(gusns)-.1 E F3 3.576<8a79>3.576 G +1.076(ou gi)-3.576 F 1.376 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 3.576(tal).15 G 1.076 +(ist of dotted-quad netw)-3.576 F 1.077(orks and it uses these to `)-.1 +F(`prefer')-.74 E 3.577('s)-.74 G(ome)-3.577 E .319(remote name serv)117 +381 R .319(er addresses o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.819(ro).15 G 2.819 +(thers. If)-2.819 F .319(no e)2.819 F .319(xplicit mask is pro)-.15 F +.318(vided with each element of)-.15 F(a)117 393 Q F2(sortlist)2.5 E F3 +2.5(,o)C(ne will be inferred based on the high order address bits.)-2.5 +E .28(If you are on a Class C net which has a Class B net between you a\ +nd the rest of the Inter)142 409.2 R(-)-.2 E .897 +(net, you could try to impro)117 421.2 R 1.197 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .897 +(he name serv).15 F(er')-.15 E 3.397(sl)-.55 G .897 +(uck in getting answers by listing the Class B)-3.397 F(netw)117 433.2 Q +(ork')-.1 E 3.12(sn)-.55 G .62(umber in a)-3.12 F F2(sortlist)3.12 E F3 +(directi)3.121 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.621(.T).15 G .621(his should ha)-5.621 +F .921 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .621(he ef).15 F .621(fect of trying `)-.25 F +(`closer')-.74 E 3.121('s)-.74 G(erv)-3.121 E(ers)-.15 E +(before the more `)117 445.2 Q(`distant')-.74 E 2.5('o)-.74 G 2.5 +(nes. Note)-2.5 F(that this beha)2.5 E(viour is ne)-.2 E 2.5(wa)-.25 G +2.5(so)-2.5 G(f)-2.5 E F4(BIND 4.9)2.5 E F3(.)A .195 +(The other and older ef)142 461.4 R .194(fect of the)-.25 F F2(sortlist) +2.694 E F3(directi)2.694 E .494 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 2.694(st).15 G 2.694 +(oc)-2.694 G(ause)-2.694 E F4(BIND)2.694 E F3 .194(to sort the)2.694 F +F2(A)2.694 E F3 .194(records in)2.694 F(an)117 473.4 Q 2.564(yr)-.15 G +.065(esponse it generates, so as to put those which appear on the)-2.564 +F F2(sortlist)2.565 E F3 .065(earlier than those which)2.565 F .538 +(do not.)117 485.4 R .538 +(This is not as helpful as you might think, since man)5.538 F 3.038(yc) +-.15 G .537(lients will reorder the)-3.038 F F2(A)3.037 E F3(records) +3.037 E .345(either at random or using)117 497.4 R F4(LIFO)2.845 E F3 +2.845(;a)C .345(lso, consider the f)-2.845 F .345(act that the serv)-.1 +F .345(er w)-.15 F(on')-.1 E 2.845(tb)-.18 G 2.845(ea)-2.845 G .346 +(ble to guess the)-2.845 F(client')117 509.4 Q 2.752(sn)-.55 G(etw) +-2.752 E .252(ork topology)-.1 F 2.752(,a)-.65 G .251 +(nd so will not be able to accurately order for `)-2.752 F(`closeness') +-.74 E 2.751('t)-.74 G 2.751(oa)-2.751 G .251(ll pos-)-2.751 F +(sible clients.)117 521.4 Q(Doing the ordering in the resolv)5 E +(er is clearly superior)-.15 E(.)-.55 E .83 +(In actual practice, this directi)142 537.6 R 1.131 -.15(ve i)-.25 H +3.331(su).15 G .831 +(sed only rarely since it hardwires information which)-3.331 F .631 +(changes rapidly; a netw)117 549.6 R .631(ork which is `)-.1 F(`close') +-.74 E 3.131('t)-.74 G .631(oday may be `)-3.131 F(`distant')-.74 E +3.131('n)-.74 G -.15(ex)-3.131 G 3.131(tm).15 G 3.131(onth. Since)-3.131 +F F4(BIND)3.131 E F3 -.2(bu)117 561.6 S .4 +(ilds up a cache of the remote name serv).2 F .401 +(ers' response times, it will quickly con)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.4 G -.18(rg) +.15 G 2.901(eo).18 G 2.901(n`)-2.901 G(`rea-)-3.641 E(sonable')117 573.6 +Q 2.904('b)-.74 G(eha)-2.904 E(viour)-.2 E 2.904(,w)-.4 G .404 +(hich isn')-2.904 F 2.904(tt)-.18 G .404(he same as `)-2.904 F +(`optimal')-.74 E 2.904('b)-.74 G .404(ut it')-3.104 F 2.904(sc)-.55 G +.404(lose enough.)-2.904 F .403(Future directions)5.403 F(for)117 585.6 +Q F4(BIND)3.212 E F3 .712 +(include choosing addresses based on local interf)3.212 F .713 +(ace metrics \(on hosts that ha)-.1 F 1.013 -.15(ve m)-.2 H(ore).15 E +.701(than one\) and perhaps on routing table information.)117 597.6 R +2.301 -.8(We d)5.701 H 3.201(on).8 G .7(ot intend to solv)-3.201 F 3.2 +(et)-.15 G .7(he generalized)-3.2 F -.74(``)117 609.6 S .806 +(multihomed host').74 F 3.306('p)-.74 G .806(roblem, b)-3.306 F .806 +(ut we should be able to do a little better than we')-.2 F .807 +(re doing no)-.5 F -.65(w.)-.25 G(Lik)117 621.6 Q -.25(ew)-.1 G 1.7 +(ise, we hope to see a higher le).25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.199(lr).15 G +(esolv)-4.199 E 1.699(er library that sorts responses using topology) +-.15 F(information that only e)117 633.6 Q(xists on the client')-.15 E +2.5(sh)-.55 G(ost.)-2.5 E F0 2.5(6.1.15. Bogus)102 669.6 R(Name Ser)2.5 +E -.1(ve)-.1 G(rs).1 E F3 1.545 +(It happens occasionally that some remote name serv)142 685.8 R 1.545 +(er goes `)-.15 F(`bad')-.74 E 4.046('. Y)-.74 F 1.546(ou can tell your) +-1.1 F .515(name serv)117 697.8 R .515 +(er to refuse to listen to or ask questions of certain other name serv) +-.15 F .514(ers by listing them)-.15 F .135(in a)117 709.8 R F2(bo)2.635 +E(gusns)-.1 E F3(directi)2.635 E .435 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 2.635(ny).15 G +(our)-2.635 E F2(named.boot)2.635 E F3 2.635(\214le. Its)2.635 F .135 +(syntax is the same as)2.635 F F2(forwar)2.635 E(der)-.37 E(s)-.1 E F3 +(,)A F2(xfrnets)2.635 E F3 2.635(,a)C(nd)-2.635 E F2(sortlist)117 721.8 +Q F3 2.943<8a79>2.943 G .443(ou just gi)-2.943 F .743 -.15(ve i)-.25 H +2.943(tal).15 G .442(ist of dotted-quad Internet addresses.)-2.943 F +.442(Note that zones dele)5.442 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .442(ted to).05 F EP +%%Page: 10 10 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Bold@0 SF 203.87(SMM:10-10 Name)72 60 R(Ser)2.5 E -.1(ve) +-.1 G 2.5(rO).1 G(perations Guide f)-2.5 E(or)-.25 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 +SF(BIND)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Roman@0 SF .033(such serv)117 96 R .034 +(ers will not be reachable from clients of your serv)-.15 F .034 +(ers; thus you should use this directi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +(sparingly or not at all.)117 108 Q F0 2.5(6.1.16. Segmented)102 144 R +(Boot Files)2.5 E F2 2.958 +(If you are secondary for a lot of zones, you may \214nd it con)142 +160.2 R -.15(ve)-.4 G 2.957(nient to split your).15 F/F3 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(named.boot)117 172.2 Q F2 1.424 +(\214le into a static portion which hardly e)3.923 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +3.924(rc).15 G 1.424(hanges \(directi)-3.924 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.924(ss) +.15 G 1.424(uch as)-3.924 F F3(dir)3.924 E(ectory)-.37 E F2(,)A F3 +(sortlist)117 184.2 Q F2(,)A F3(xfrnets)3.492 E F2(and)3.492 E F3(cac) +3.492 E(he)-.15 E F2 .991 +(could go here\), and dynamic portions that change frequently \(all of) +3.492 F(your)117 196.2 Q F3(primary)3.458 E F2(directi)3.458 E -.15(ve) +-.25 G 3.458(sm).15 G .958(ight go in one \214le, and all of your)-3.458 +F F3(secondary)3.458 E F2(directi)3.458 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.458(sm).15 G +.959(ight go in)-3.458 F .024(another \214le \212 and either or both of\ + these might be fetched automatically from some neighbor so)117 208.2 R +1.153(that the)117 220.2 R 3.653(yc)-.15 G 1.153 +(an change your list of secondary zones without requiring your acti) +-3.653 F 1.454 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nterv).15 E(ention\).)-.15 E -1.1(Yo)117 +232.2 S 2.66(uc)1.1 G .16(an accomplish this via the)-2.66 F F3(include) +2.66 E F2(directi)2.66 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.66(,w).15 G .16(hich tak)-2.66 +F .16(es just a single \214le name as its ar)-.1 F(gu-)-.18 E 3.772 +(ment. No)117 244.2 R 1.272(quotes are needed around the \214le name.) +3.772 F 1.273(The \214le name will be e)6.273 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.273 +(luated after the).25 F .169(name serv)117 256.2 R .169 +(er has changed its w)-.15 F .169 +(orking directory to that speci\214ed in the)-.1 F F3(dir)2.668 E +(ectory)-.37 E F2(directi)2.668 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.668(,s).15 G 2.668 +(oy)-2.668 G(ou)-2.668 E(can use relati)117 268.2 Q .3 -.15(ve p)-.25 H +(athnames if your system supports them.).15 E F0 2.5(6.2. Resolv)87 +304.2 R(er Con\214guration)-.1 E F2 .467(The con\214guration \214le')127 +320.4 R 2.967(sn)-.55 G .467(ame is)-2.967 F F3(/etc/r)2.968 E(esolv) +-.37 E(.conf)-.74 E F2 5.468(.T)C .468 +(his \214le designates the name serv)-5.468 F .468(ers on the)-.15 F +(netw)102 332.4 Q .358(ork that should be sent queries.)-.1 F .358 +(The resolv)5.358 F .358(er will try to contact a name serv)-.15 F .357 +(er on the localhost)-.15 F .05 +(if it cannot \214nd its con\214guration \214le.)102 344.4 R -1.1(Yo) +5.05 G 2.55(us)1.1 G .05(hould install the con\214guration \214le on e) +-2.55 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .05(ry host an).15 F(yw)-.15 E(ay)-.1 E(,)-.65 E +.461(since this is the only recommended w)102 356.4 R .461 +(ay to specify a system-le)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.96(ld).15 G(ef)-2.96 E +.46(ault domain, and you can still)-.1 F 1.017(list the local host')102 +368.4 R 3.517(sa)-.55 G 1.018(ddress if it runs a name serv)-3.517 F(er) +-.15 E 6.018(.I)-.55 G 3.518(ti)-6.018 G 3.518(sc)-3.518 G 1.018 +(onsidered reasonable to create this \214le)-3.518 F -2.15 -.25(ev e)102 +380.4 T 2.786(ni).25 G 2.786(fy)-2.786 G .286(ou run a local serv)-2.786 +F(er)-.15 E 2.785(,s)-.4 G .285 +(ince its contents will be cached by each client of the resolv)-2.785 F +.285(er library)-.15 F(when the client mak)102 392.4 Q +(es its \214rst call to a resolv)-.1 E(er routine.)-.15 E(The)127 408.6 +Q F3 -.37(re)2.5 G(solv).37 E(.conf)-.74 E F2(\214le contains directi) +2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(s, one per line, of the follo).15 E(wing forms:) +-.25 E 2.5(;c)152 424.8 S(omment)-2.5 E 2.5(#a)152 436.8 S +(nother comment)-2.5 E(domain)152 448.8 Q F3(local-domain)2.5 E F2 +(search)152 460.8 Q F3(sear)2.5 E -.15(ch)-.37 G(-list).15 E F2 +(nameserv)152 472.8 Q(er)-.15 E F3(server)2.5 E(-addr)-.2 E(ess)-.37 E +F2(sortlist)152 484.8 Q F3(sort-list)2.5 E F2(options)152 496.8 Q F3 +(option-list)2.5 E F2 .053(Exactly one of the)102 513 R F3(domain)2.553 +E F2(or)2.554 E F3(sear)2.554 E -.15(ch)-.37 G F2(directi)2.704 E -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 2.554(ss).15 G .054(hould be gi)-2.554 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .054 +(n, e).15 F .054(xactly once.)-.15 F .054(If the)5.054 F F3(sear)2.554 E +-.15(ch)-.37 G F2(directi)2.704 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .76(is gi)102 525 R +-.15(ve)-.25 G .76(n, the \214rst item in the gi).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n) +.15 E F3(sear)3.26 E -.15(ch)-.37 G(-list).15 E F2 .76(will o)3.26 F +-.15(ve)-.15 G .76(rride an).15 F 3.26(yp)-.15 G(re)-3.26 E +(viously-speci\214ed)-.25 E F3(local-domain)3.26 E F2(.)A(The)102 537 Q +F3(nameserver)3.17 E F2(directi)3.17 E .97 -.15(ve m)-.25 H .67 +(ay be gi).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.17(nu).15 G 3.17(pt)-3.17 G 3.17(ot) +-3.17 G .67(hree times; additional)-3.17 F F3(nameserver)3.17 E F2 +(directi)3.17 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.17(sw).15 G .67(ill be)-3.17 F 2.967 +(ignored. Comments)102 549 R .467(may be gi)2.967 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.966 +(nb).15 G 2.966(ys)-2.966 G .466(tarting a line with a `)-2.966 F(`)-.74 +E F0(;)1.666 E F2 1.946 -.74('' o)1.666 H 2.966(r`).74 G(`)-3.706 E F0 +(#)1.666 E F2 -.74('')1.666 G 2.966(;n).74 G .466 +(ote that comments were)-2.966 F .797(not permitted in v)102 561 R .797 +(ersions of the resolv)-.15 F .797 +(er earlier than the one included with)-.15 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF .798 +(BIND 4.9)3.298 F F2 3.298<8a73>3.298 G 3.298(oi)-3.298 G 3.298(fy) +-3.298 G(our)-3.298 E -.15(ve)102 573 S(ndor').15 E 2.5(sr)-.55 G(esolv) +-2.5 E(er supports comments, you kno)-.15 E 2.5(wt)-.25 G(he)-2.5 E 2.5 +(ya)-.15 G(re really on the ball.)-2.5 E(The)127 589.2 Q F3 +(local-domain)3.499 E F2 .999(will be appended to an)3.499 F 3.498(yq) +-.15 G .998(uery-name that does not contain a `)-3.498 F(`)-.74 E F0(.) +1.666 E F2 -.74('')1.666 G(.).74 E F3(local-)5.998 E(domain)102 601.2 Q +F2 .628(can be o)3.128 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .629(rridden on a per).15 F .629 +(-process basis by setting the)-.2 F F4(LOCALDOMAIN)3.129 E F2(en)3.129 +E .629(vironment v)-.4 F(ari-)-.25 E 2.5(able. Note)102 613.2 R(that)2.5 +E F3(local-domain)2.5 E F2 +(processing can be disabled by setting an option in the resolv)2.5 E(er) +-.15 E(.)-.55 E(The)127 629.4 Q F3(sear)2.79 E -.15(ch)-.37 G(-list).15 +E F2 .29(is a list of domains which are tried, in order)2.79 F 2.79(,a) +-.4 G 2.79(sq)-2.79 G .29(ualifying domains for query-)-2.79 F .688 +(names which do not contain a `)102 641.4 R(`)-.74 E F0(.)1.666 E F2 +-.74('')1.666 G 5.688(.N).74 G .688(ote that)-5.688 F F3(sear)3.188 E +-.15(ch)-.37 G(-list).15 E F2 .688 +(processing can be disabled by setting an)3.188 F .14 +(option in the resolv)102 653.4 R(er)-.15 E 5.14(.A)-.55 G .14 +(lso note that the en)-5.14 F .139(vironment v)-.4 F .139(ariable `)-.25 +F(`)-.74 E F4(LOCALDOMAIN)A F2 1.619 -.74('' c)D .139(an o).74 F -.15 +(ve)-.15 G .139(rride this).15 F F3(sear)102 665.4 Q -.15(ch)-.37 G +(-list).15 E F2(on a per)2.5 E(-process basis.)-.2 E(The)127 681.6 Q F3 +(server)2.594 E(-addr)-.2 E(ess)-.37 E F2 1.194 -.55('s a)1.666 H .094 +(re aggre).55 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .094(ted and then used as the def).05 F +.094(ault destination of queries gener)-.1 F(-)-.2 E .167 +(ated through the resolv)102 693.6 R(er)-.15 E 5.166(.I)-.55 G 2.666(no) +-5.166 G .166(ther w)-2.666 F .166(ords, this is the w)-.1 F .166 +(ay you tell the resolv)-.1 F .166(er which name serv)-.15 F .166 +(ers it)-.15 F .907(should use.)102 705.6 R .907 +(It is possible for a gi)5.907 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.407(nc).15 G .907 +(lient application to o)-3.407 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .908 +(rride this list, and this is often done).15 F 1.499 +(inside the name serv)102 717.6 R 1.498(er \(which is itself a)-.15 F F3 +-.37(re)3.998 G(solver).37 E F2 1.498 +(client\) and in test programs such as)3.998 F F3(nslookup)3.998 E F2(.) +A EP +%%Page: 11 11 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Name Ser)72 60 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G 2.5(rO).1 G +(perations Guide f)-2.5 E(or)-.25 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 206.564 +(BIND SMM)2.5 F F0(:10-11)A/F2 10/Times-Roman@0 SF .748 +(Note that if you wish to list the local host in your resolv)102 96 R +.749(er con\214guration \214le, you should probably)-.15 F .893(use its\ + primary Internet address rather than a local-host alias such as 127.0.\ +0.1 or 0.0.0.0.)102 108 R .892(This is)5.892 F .192(due to a b)102 120 R +.192(ug in the handling of connected)-.2 F/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF +(SOCK_DGRAM)2.692 E F2(sock)2.692 E .192(ets in some v)-.1 F .192 +(ersions of the)-.15 F/F4 11/Times-Roman@0 SF(BSD)2.692 E F2(net-)2.692 +E -.1(wo)102 132 S 1.32(rking code.).1 F 1.319(If you must use an addre\ +ss-alias, you should prefer 0.0.0.0 \(or simply `)6.32 F(`0')-.74 E +1.319('\) o)-.74 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(r).15 E .824(127.0.0.1, though be w) +102 144 R .824(arned that depending on the vintage of your)-.1 F F3(BSD) +3.325 E F2(-deri)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.325(dn).15 G(etw)-3.325 E .825 +(orking code,)-.1 F .98(both of them are capable of f)102 156 R .98 +(ailing in their o)-.1 F .98(wn w)-.25 F 3.48(ays. If)-.1 F .98 +(your host')3.48 F 3.48(sI)-.55 G 3.48(Pi)-3.48 G .98 +(mplementation does not)-3.48 F .35 +(create a short-circuit route between the def)102 168 R .351 +(ault interf)-.1 F .351(ace and the loopback interf)-.1 F .351 +(ace, then you might)-.1 F(also w)102 180 Q +(ant to add a static route \(e)-.1 E(g. in)-.15 E F0(/etc/r)2.5 E +(c.local)-.18 E F2 2.5(\)t)C 2.5(od)-2.5 G 2.5(os)-2.5 G(o:)-2.5 E/F5 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF -.45(ro)152 196.2 S +(ute add myhost.domain.name localhost 1).45 E F2(The)127 216.6 Q F5 +(sort-list)3.203 E F2 .702(is a list of IP address, netmask pairs. Addr\ +esses returned by gethostbyname are)3.203 F .472 +(sorted to the order speci\214ed by this list.)102 228.6 R(An)5.472 E +2.972(ya)-.15 G .473 +(ddresses that do not match the address netmask pair)-2.972 F .346(will\ + be returned after those that do. The netmask is optional and the natur\ +al netmask will be used if)102 240.6 R(not speci\214ed.)102 252.6 Q(The) +127 268.8 Q F5(option-list)3.132 E F2 .633 +(is a list of options which each o)3.132 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .633 +(rride some internal resolv).15 F .633(er v)-.15 F 3.133(ariable. Sup-) +-.25 F(ported options at this time are:)102 280.8 Q F0(deb)102 297 Q(ug) +-.2 E F2(sets the)127 309 Q F3(RES_DEB)2.5 E(UG)-.09 E F2(bit in)2.5 E +F0(_r)2.5 E(es.options)-.18 E F2(.)A F0(ndots:)102 325.2 Q F5(n)A F2 +.367(sets the lo)127 337.2 R .367(wer threshold \(measured in `)-.25 F +.366(`number of dots')-.74 F .366('\) on names gi)-.74 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +2.866(nt).15 G(o)-2.866 E F5 -.37(re)2.866 G(s_query).37 E F2 .366 +(\(\) such)B .407(that names with at least this number of dots will be \ +tried as absolute names before an)127 349.2 R(y)-.15 E F5(local-)2.908 E +(domain)127 361.2 Q F2(or)2.5 E F5(sear)2.5 E -.15(ch)-.37 G(-list).15 E +F2(processing is done.)2.5 E(The def)5 E(ault for this internal v)-.1 E +(ariable is `)-.25 E(`1')-.74 E('.)-.74 E F0 2.5(6.3. Cache)87 397.2 R +(Initialization File)2.5 E 2.5(6.3.1. r)102 421.2 R(oot.cache)-.18 E F2 +.454(The name serv)142 437.4 R .454(er needs to kno)-.15 F 2.954(wt)-.25 +G .454(he serv)-2.954 F .454(ers that are the authoritati)-.15 F .754 +-.15(ve n)-.25 H .454(ame serv).15 F .454(ers for the)-.15 F 1.56 +(root domain of the netw)117 449.4 R 4.06(ork. T)-.1 F 4.06(od)-.8 G +4.06(ot)-4.06 G 1.56(his we ha)-4.06 F 1.86 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 4.06(op).15 +G 1.56(rime the name serv)-4.06 F(er')-.15 E 4.06(sc)-.55 G 1.56 +(ache with the)-4.06 F .509(addresses of these higher authorities.)117 +461.4 R .509 +(The location of this \214le is speci\214ed in the boot \214le.)5.509 F +(This)5.508 E 1.017(\214le uses the Standard Resource Record F)117 473.4 +R 1.018(ormat \(aka. Master\214le F)-.15 F 1.018(ormat\) co)-.15 F -.15 +(ve)-.15 G 1.018(red further on in).15 F(this paper)117 485.4 Q(.)-.55 E +F0 2.5(6.4. Domain)87 521.4 R(Data Files)2.5 E F2 2.276(There are tw)127 +537.6 R 4.776(os)-.1 G 2.275 +(tandard \214les for specifying the data for a domain.)-4.776 F 2.275 +(These are)7.275 F F5(hosts)4.775 E F2(and)4.775 E F5(host.r)102 549.6 Q +-.15(ev)-.37 G F2 6.189(.T).15 G 1.189 +(hese \214les use the Standard Resource Record F)-6.189 F 1.189 +(ormat co)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.19(red later in this paper).15 F 6.19 +(.N)-.55 G(ote)-6.19 E .804(that the \214le names are arbitrary; man)102 +561.6 R 3.304(yn)-.15 G(etw)-3.304 E .804 +(ork administrators prefer to name their zone \214les after)-.1 F .908 +(the domains the)102 573.6 R 3.408(yc)-.15 G .908 +(ontain, especially in the a)-3.408 F -.15(ve)-.2 G .908 +(rage case which is where a gi).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.408(ns).15 G(erv) +-3.408 E .909(er is primary)-.15 F(and/or secondary for man)102 585.6 Q +2.5(yd)-.15 G(if)-2.5 E(ferent zones.)-.25 E F0 2.5(6.4.1. hosts)102 +609.6 R F2 .495 +(This \214le contains all the data about the machines in this zone.)142 +625.8 R .494(The location of this \214le is)5.495 F +(speci\214ed in the boot \214le.)117 637.8 Q F0 2.5(6.4.2. hosts.r)102 +661.8 R -.15(ev)-.18 G F2 1.076(This \214le speci\214es the IN-ADDR)142 +678 R 1.666(.A)1.666 G(RP)-1.666 E 3.576(Ad)-.92 G 3.576(omain. This) +-3.576 F 1.077(is a special domain for allo)3.577 F(wing)-.25 E .252 +(address to name mapping.)117 690 R .251 +(As internet host addresses do not f)5.252 F .251 +(all within domain boundaries, this)-.1 F .624(special domain w)117 702 +R .624(as formed to allo)-.1 F 3.124(wi)-.25 G -1.85 -.4(nv e)-3.124 H +.624(rse mapping.).4 F .624(The IN-ADDR)5.624 F 1.666(.A)1.666 G(RP) +-1.666 E 3.124(Ad)-.92 G .624(omain has four)-3.124 F 1.694(labels prec\ +eding it. These labels correspond to the 4 octets of an Internet addres\ +s.)117 714 R 1.694(All four)6.694 F EP +%%Page: 12 12 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Bold@0 SF 203.87(SMM:10-12 Name)72 60 R(Ser)2.5 E -.1(ve) +-.1 G 2.5(rO).1 G(perations Guide f)-2.5 E(or)-.25 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 +SF(BIND)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 2.1(octets must be speci\214ed e) +117 96 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.601(ni).15 G 4.601(fa)-4.601 G 4.601(no)-4.601 +G 2.101(ctet contains zero.)-4.601 F 2.101 +(The Internet address 128.32.0.4 is)7.101 F .079 +(located in the domain 4)117 108 R 1.666(.0.3)1.666 G 1.666(2.1)-1.666 G +-.834(28 . IN-ADDR . ARP)-1.666 F 2.578(A. This)-.92 F(re)2.578 E -.15 +(ve)-.25 G .078(rsal of the address is a).15 F(wkw)-.15 E(ard)-.1 E +(to read b)117 120 Q(ut allo)-.2 E +(ws for the natural grouping of hosts in a netw)-.25 E(ork.)-.1 E F0 2.5 +(6.4.3. named.local)102 144 R F2 .55(This \214le speci\214es the)142 +160.2 R/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(PTR)3.05 E F2 .55 +(record for the local loopback interf)3.05 F .55(ace, better kno)-.1 F +.55(wn as)-.25 F F3(local-)3.05 E(host)117 172.2 Q F2 2.543(,w)C .043 +(hose netw)-2.543 F .043(ork address is 127.0.0.1.)-.1 F .043 +(The location of this \214le is speci\214ed in the boot \214le.)5.043 F +(It)5.042 E .346(is vitally important to the proper operation of e)117 +184.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .346(ry name serv).15 F .346 +(er that the 127.0.0.1 address ha)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G(a)117 196.2 Q F3 +(PTR)3.169 E F2 .668(record pointing back to the name `)3.169 F(`)-.74 E +F0(localhost.)A F2 -.74('')C 5.668(.T).74 G .668(he name of this)-5.668 +F F3(PTR)3.168 E F2 .668(record is al)3.168 F -.1(wa)-.1 G(ys).1 E -.74 +(``)117 208.2 S F0(1.0.0.127.).74 E F1(IN-ADDR.ARP)A(A)-.666 E F2 -.74 +('')C 5.853(.T).74 G .854(his is necessary if you w)-5.853 F .854 +(ant your users to be able to use host-)-.1 F .015 +(name-authentication \()117 220.2 R F3(hosts.equiv)A F2(or)2.515 E F3 +(~/.rhosts)2.515 E F2 2.515(\)o)C 2.515(nt)-2.515 G .015(he name `) +-2.515 F(`)-.74 E F0(localhost)A F2 -.74('')C 5.015(.A).74 G 2.515(si) +-5.015 G .015(mplied by this)-2.515 F F3(PTR)2.515 E F2 1.418 +(record, there should be a `)117 232.2 R(`)-.74 E F0(localhost.)A F3(my) +A(.dom.ain)-.55 E F2 -.74('')C F3(A)4.658 E F2 1.419 +(record \(with address 127.0.0.1\) in e)3.918 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ry).15 E +.492(domain that contains hosts.)117 244.2 R -.74(``)5.492 G F0 +(localhost.).74 E F2 1.972 -.74('' w)D .492 +(ill lose its trailing dot when).74 F F0(1.0.0.127.in-addr)2.991 E(.ar) +-1 E(pa)-.1 E F2 .451(is queried for; then, the DEFN)117 256.2 R .451 +(AMES and/or DNSRCH resolv)-.35 F .451(er options will cause `)-.15 F(`) +-.74 E F0(localhost)A F2 -.74('')C .518(to be e)117 268.2 R -.25(va)-.25 +G .517(luated as a host name in the local domain, and that means the to\ +p domains \(or ideally).25 F(,)-.65 E -2.15 -.25(ev e)117 280.2 T +(ry domain\) in your resolv).25 E(er')-.15 E 2.5(ss)-.55 G +(earch path had better ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.2 H +(omething by that name.).15 E F0 2.5(6.5. Standard)87 304.2 R(Resour)2.5 +E(ce Record F)-.18 E(ormat)-.25 E F2 .36(The records in the name serv) +127 320.4 R .361(er data \214les are called resource records.)-.15 F +.361(The Standard Resource)5.361 F 1.96(Record F)102 332.4 R 1.96 +(ormat \(RR\) is speci\214ed in RFC1035.)-.15 F 1.959(The follo)6.959 F +1.959(wing is a general description of these)-.25 F(records:)102 344.4 Q +F3 12.5({name} {ttl})102 360.6 R(addr)16.6 E 10.82(-class Recor)-.2 F +2.5(dT)-.37 G 13.92(ype Recor)-3.24 F 2.5(dS)-.37 G(peci\214c data)-2.5 +E F2 1.24(Resource records ha)102 376.8 R 1.54 -.15(ve a s)-.2 H 1.24 +(tandard format sho).15 F 1.241(wn abo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 6.241(.T) +.15 G 1.241(he \214rst \214eld is al)-6.241 F -.1(wa)-.1 G 1.241 +(ys the name of the).1 F .771(domain record and it must al)102 388.8 R +-.1(wa)-.1 G .771(ys start in column 1.).1 F -.15(Fo)5.771 G 3.271(ra) +.15 G .771(ll RR')-3.271 F 3.271(so)-.55 G .771 +(ther than the \214rst in a \214le, the)-3.271 F .127 +(name may be left blank; in that case it tak)102 400.8 R .128 +(es on the name of the pre)-.1 F .128(vious RR.)-.25 F .128 +(The second \214eld is an)5.128 F .02(optional time to li)102 412.8 R +.32 -.15(ve \214)-.25 H 2.52(eld. This).15 F .02(speci\214es ho)2.52 F +2.52(wl)-.25 G .019(ong this data will be stored in the data base.)-2.52 +F .019(By lea)5.019 F(v-)-.2 E .275(ing this \214eld blank the def)102 +424.8 R .275(ault time to li)-.1 F .576 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 2.776(ss).15 G +.276(peci\214ed in the)-2.776 F F3 .276(Start Of A)2.776 F(uthority)-.2 +E F2 .276(resource record \(see)2.776 F(belo)102 436.8 Q 3.466(w\). The) +-.25 F .966(third \214eld is the address class; currently)3.466 F 3.466 +(,o)-.65 G .965(nly one class is supported:)-3.466 F F3(IN)3.465 E F2 +.965(for internet)3.465 F .322 +(addresses and other internet information.)102 448.8 R .322 +(Limited support is included for the)5.322 F F3(HS)2.822 E F2 .322 +(class, which is for)2.822 F 1.322(MIT/Athena `)102 460.8 R(`Hesiod') +-.74 E 3.822('i)-.74 G 3.822(nformation. The)-3.822 F 1.321 +(fourth \214eld states the type of the resource record.)3.822 F(The) +6.321 E 1.08(\214elds after that are dependent on the type of the RR.) +102 472.8 R 1.08(Case is preserv)6.08 F 1.08 +(ed in names and data \214elds)-.15 F .843 +(when loaded into the name serv)102 484.8 R(er)-.15 E 5.843(.A)-.55 G +.843(ll comparisons and lookups in the name serv)-5.843 F .843 +(er data base are)-.15 F(case insensiti)102 496.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 +E F0(The f)102 520.8 Q(ollo)-.25 E(wing characters ha)-.1 E .2 -.1(ve s) +-.25 H(pecial meanings:).1 E F2 -.74(``)102 537 S F0(.).74 E F2 9.64 +-.74('' A)D +(free standing dot in the name \214eld refers to the root domain.)3.24 E +-.74(``)102 553.2 S(@').74 E 3.95('A)-.74 G +(free standing @ in the name \214eld denotes the current origin.)-1.45 E +-.74(``)102 569.4 S(\\X').74 E 3.16('W)-.74 G 1.476(here X is an)-3.16 F +3.977(yc)-.15 G 1.477(haracter other than a digit \(0-9\), quotes that \ +character so that its special)-3.977 F(meaning does not apply)127 581.4 +Q 5(.F)-.65 G(or e)-5.15 E(xample, `)-.15 E(`\\.)-.74 E 1.48 -.74('' c) +-.7 H(an be used to place a dot character in a label.).74 E -.74(``)102 +597.6 S(\\DDD').74 E(')-.74 E .164(Where each D is a digit, is the octe\ +t corresponding to the decimal number described by DDD.)127 609.6 R +(The resulting octet is assumed to be te)127 621.6 Q +(xt and is not check)-.15 E(ed for special meaning.)-.1 E -.74(``)102 +637.8 S 2.5(\(\)).74 G 2.98 -.74('' P)-2.5 H .277 +(arentheses are used to group data that crosses a line.).59 F .278 +(In ef)5.278 F .278(fect, line terminations are not rec-)-.25 F .99 +(ognized within parentheses.)127 649.8 R .99 +(\(At present, this notation only w)5.99 F .99(orks for SO)-.1 F 3.49 +(AR)-.35 G(R')-3.49 E 3.49(sa)-.55 G .99(nd is not)-3.49 F(optional.\)) +127 661.8 Q -.74(``)102 678 S(;').74 E 10.38('S)-.74 G 1.416 +(emicolon starts a comment; the remainder of the line is ignored.)-10.38 +F 1.416(Note that a completely)6.416 F +(blank line is also considered a comment, and ignored.)127 690 Q EP +%%Page: 13 13 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Name Ser)72 60 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G 2.5(rO).1 G +(perations Guide f)-2.5 E(or)-.25 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 206.564 +(BIND SMM)2.5 F F0(:10-13)A/F2 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.74(``)102 96 S(*') +.74 E 8.16('A)-.74 G 3.193(na)-8.16 G .693 +(sterisk signi\214es wildcarding.)-3.193 F .692 +(Note that this is just another data character whose special)5.693 F +1.677(meaning comes about only during internal name serv)127 108 R 1.677 +(er search operations.)-.15 F -.4(Wi)6.678 G 1.678(ldcarding is).4 F +.642(only meaningful for some RR types \(notably)127 120 R/F3 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(MX)3.142 E F2 .642 +(\), and then only in the name \214eld \212 not in)B(the data \214elds.) +127 132 Q(An)127 148.2 Q .343(ywhere a name appears \212 either in the \ +name \214eld or in some data \214eld de\214ned to contain)-.15 F .386(n\ +ames \212 the current origin will be appended if the name does not end \ +in a `)102 160.2 R(`)-.74 E F0(.)1.666 E F2 -.74('')1.666 G 5.386(.T).74 +G .385(his is useful for)-5.386 F .911(appending the current domain nam\ +e to the data, such as machine names, b)102 172.2 R .911 +(ut may cause problems)-.2 F 1.504(where you do not w)102 184.2 R 1.504 +(ant this to happen.)-.1 F 4.003(Ag)6.503 G 1.503 +(ood rule of thumb is that, if the name is not in the)-4.003 F(domain f\ +or which you are creating the data \214le, end the name with a `)102 +196.2 Q(`)-.74 E F0(.)A F2 -.74('')C(.).74 E F0 2.5(6.5.1. $INCLUDE)102 +220.2 R F2 .92(An include line be)142 236.4 R .921 +(gins with $INCLUDE, starting in column 1, and is follo)-.15 F .921 +(wed by a \214le)-.25 F 1.086(name, and, optionally)117 248.4 R 3.586 +(,b)-.65 G 3.586(yan)-3.586 G 1.585 -.25(ew t)-3.586 H 1.085 +(emporary $ORIGIN to be used while reading this \214le.).25 F(This)6.085 +E .454(feature is particularly useful for separating dif)117 260.4 R +.454(ferent types of data into multiple \214les.)-.25 F .455(An e)5.455 +F(xam-)-.15 E(ple w)117 272.4 Q(ould be:)-.1 E +($INCLUDE /usr/local/adm/named/data/mail-e)167 288.6 Q(xchanges)-.15 E +2.076(The line w)117 304.8 R 2.076 +(ould be interpreted as a request to load the \214le)-.1 F F3 +(/usr/local/adm/named/data/mail-)4.575 E -.2(ex)117 316.8 S -.15(ch).2 G +(ang).15 E(es)-.1 E F2 5.278(.T)C .279 +(he $INCLUDE command does not cause data to be loaded into a dif)-5.278 +F .279(ferent zone or)-.25 F 1.111(tree. This is simply a w)117 328.8 R +1.111(ay to allo)-.1 F 3.611(wd)-.25 G 1.111(ata for a gi)-3.611 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 3.611(np).15 G 1.111(rimary zone to be or)-3.611 F -.05(ga) +-.18 G 1.111(nized in separate).05 F 3.467(\214les. Not)117 340.8 R +-2.15 -.25(ev e)3.467 H 3.467(nt).25 G .967(he `)-3.467 F .968 +(`temporary $ORIGIN')-.74 F 3.468('f)-.74 G .968(eature described abo) +-3.468 F 1.268 -.15(ve i)-.15 H 3.468(ss).15 G(uf)-3.468 E .968 +(\214cient to cause your)-.25 F .562(data to branch out into some other\ + zone \212 zone boundaries can only be introduced in the boot)117 352.8 +R(\214le.)117 364.8 Q 2.647(A$)142 381 S .147(INCLUDE \214le must ha) +-2.647 F .448 -.15(ve a n)-.2 H .148(ame on its \214rst RR.).15 F .148 +(That is, the \214rst character of the \214rst)5.148 F 1.316 +(non-comment line must not be a space.)117 393 R 1.316(The current def) +6.316 F 1.315(ault name in the parent \214le)-.1 F F3 1.315(does not) +3.815 F F2(carry into the $INCLUDE \214le.)117 405 Q F0 2.5 +(6.5.2. $ORIGIN)102 429 R F2 .434(The origin is a w)142 445.2 R .434 +(ay of changing the origin in a data \214le.)-.1 F .435 +(The line starts in column 1, and)5.434 F 1.072(is follo)117 457.2 R +1.072(wed by a domain origin.)-.25 F 1.071(This seems lik)6.071 F 3.571 +(ei)-.1 G 3.571(tc)-3.571 G 1.071 +(ould be useful for putting more then one)-3.571 F 1.335 +(zone into a data \214le, b)117 469.2 R 1.335(ut that')-.2 F 3.836(sn) +-.55 G 1.336(ot ho)-3.836 F 3.836(wi)-.25 G 3.836(tw)-3.836 G 3.836 +(orks. The)-3.936 F 1.336(name serv)3.836 F 1.336 +(er fundamentally requires a)-.15 F(gi)117 481.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.67 +(nz).15 G 1.17(one to map entirely to some speci\214c \214le.)-3.67 F +-1.1(Yo)6.17 G 3.67(us)1.1 G 1.17(hould therefore be v)-3.67 F 1.17 +(ery careful to use)-.15 F .584 +($ORIGIN only once at the top of a \214le, or)117 493.2 R 3.084(,w)-.4 G +.585(ithin a \214le, to change to a `)-3.084 F(`lo)-.74 E(wer')-.25 E +3.085('d)-.74 G .585(omain in the)-3.085 F 2.5(zone \212)117 505.2 R(ne) +2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(rt).15 G 2.5(os)-2.5 G +(ome other zone altogether)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F0 2.5(6.5.3. SO)102 529.2 R +2.5(A-S)-.4 G(tart Of A)-2.5 E(uthority)-.5 E F3 12.5(name {ttl})117 +549.6 R(addr)16.6 E 10.82(-class SO)-.2 F 47.22(AO)-.55 G 73.77(rigin P) +-47.22 F(er)-.8 E(son in c)-.1 E(har)-.15 E -.1(ge)-.37 G F2 60.39(@I) +117 561.6 S 44.79(NS)-60.39 G 43.55 -.35(OA u)-44.79 H(cb).35 E -.25(va) +-.15 G(x).25 E F0(.)A F2(Berk)A(ele)-.1 E(y)-.15 E F0(.)A F2(Edu)A F0(.) +A F2(kjd)15 E F0(.)A F2(ucb)A -.25(va)-.15 G(x).25 E F0(.)A F2(Berk)A +(ele)-.1 E(y)-.15 E F0(.)A F2(Edu)A F0(.)A F2(\()2.5 E 12.5 +(1995122103 ;)241.94 573.6 R(Serial)2.5 E 37.5(10800 ;)241.94 585.6 R +(Refresh)2.5 E 42.5(1800 ;)241.94 597.6 R(Retry)2.5 E 27.5(3600000 ;) +241.94 609.6 R(Expire)2.5 E(259200 \))241.94 621.6 Q 2.5(;M)29.17 G +(inimum)-2.5 E(The)117 642 Q F3 .434(Start of A)2.934 F(uthority)-.2 E +2.934(,S)-.55 G -.55(OA)-2.934 G(,).55 E F2 .434 +(record designates the start of a zone.)2.934 F .434 +(The name is the name of the)5.434 F .787(zone and is often gi)117 654 R +-.15(ve)-.25 G 3.287(na).15 G 3.287(s`)-3.287 G(`@')-4.027 E 3.287('s) +-.74 G .787(ince this is al)-3.287 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .787 +(ys the current $ORIGIN and the SO).1 F 3.288(AR)-.35 G 3.288(Ri)-3.288 +G(s)-3.288 E 1.009 +(usually the \214rst record of the primary zone \214le.)117 666 R 1.008 +(Origin is the name of the host on which this)6.008 F .868 +(data \214le resides \(in other w)117 678 R .868(ords, the)-.1 F F3 .868 +(primary master)3.368 F F2(serv)3.368 E .868(er for this zone.\))-.15 F +.868(Person in char)5.868 F .869(ge is)-.18 F .67 +(the e-mail address for the person responsible for the name serv)117 690 +R(er)-.15 E 3.17(,w)-.4 G .67(ith `)-3.17 F(`@')-.74 E 3.17('c)-.74 G +.67(hanged to a `)-3.17 F(`.)-.74 E -.74('')-.7 G(.).74 E .994 +(The serial number is the v)117 702 R .994 +(ersion number of this data \214le and must be a positi)-.15 F 1.295 +-.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E(ger)-.15 E 5.995(.T)-.55 G(his)-5.995 E EP +%%Page: 14 14 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Bold@0 SF 203.87(SMM:10-14 Name)72 60 R(Ser)2.5 E -.1(ve) +-.1 G 2.5(rO).1 G(perations Guide f)-2.5 E(or)-.25 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 +SF(BIND)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Roman@0 SF .903 +(number must be incremented whene)117 96 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.403(rac).15 +G .903(hange is made to the data.)-3.403 F .902(Older serv)5.903 F .902 +(ers permitted)-.15 F 1.5(the use of a phantom `)117 108 R(`.)-.74 E +2.98 -.74('' i)-.7 H 4(nt).74 G 1.5 +(his and other numbers in a zone \214le; the meaning of n.m w)-4 F(as) +-.1 E -.74(``)117 120 S(n000m').74 E 3.755('r)-.74 G 1.254 +(ather than the more intuiti)-3.755 F 1.554 -.15(ve `)-.25 H(`n*1000+m') +-.59 E 3.754('\()-.74 G 1.254(such that 1.234 translated to 1000234) +-3.754 F .28(rather than to 1234\).)117 132 R .281 +(This feature has been deprecated due to its obscurity)5.28 F 2.781(,u) +-.65 G(npredictability)-2.781 E 2.781(,a)-.65 G(nd)-2.781 E 2.104 +(lack of necessity)117 144 R 7.103(.N)-.65 G 2.103(ote that using a `) +-7.103 F(`YYYYMMDDNN')-.74 E 4.603('n)-.74 G 2.103 +(otation you can still mak)-4.603 F 4.603(e1)-.1 G(00)-4.603 E .074 +(changes per day until the year 4294.)117 156 R -1.1(Yo)5.075 G 2.575 +(us)1.1 G .075(hould choose a notation that w)-2.575 F .075 +(orks for you.)-.1 F .075(If you')5.075 F(re)-.5 E 3.092(ac)117 168 S +(le)-3.092 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(perl)3.092 E +F2 .592(programmer you could e)3.092 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.091(nu).15 G(se) +-3.091 E F3(RCS)3.091 E F2 -.15(ve)3.091 G .591 +(rsion numbers to help generate your zone).15 F .535(serial numbers.)117 +180 R .535(The refresh indicates ho)5.535 F 3.036(wo)-.25 G .536 +(ften, in seconds, the secondary name serv)-3.036 F .536(ers are to)-.15 +F .212(check with the primary name serv)117 192 R .212 +(er to see if an update is needed.)-.15 F .211(The retry indicates ho) +5.212 F 2.711(wl)-.25 G(ong,)-2.711 E .718(in seconds, a secondary serv) +117 204 R .718(er should w)-.15 F .719(ait before retrying a f)-.1 F +.719(ailed zone transfer)-.1 F 5.719(.E)-.55 G .719(xpire is the)-5.719 +F .287(upper limit, in seconds, that a secondary name serv)117 216 R +.287(er is to use the data before it e)-.15 F .286(xpires for lack)-.15 +F .175(of getting a refresh.)117 228 R .175(Minimum is the def)5.175 F +.175(ault number of seconds to be used for the T)-.1 F .175(ime T)-.35 F +2.675(oL)-.8 G -2.15 -.25(iv e)-2.675 H .486(\214eld on resource record\ +s which do not specify one in the zone \214le.)117 240 R .485 +(It is also an enforced mini-)5.485 F .632(mum on T)117 252 R .632 +(ime T)-.35 F 3.132(oL)-.8 G -2.15 -.25(iv e)-3.132 H .632 +(if it is speci\214ed on some resource record \(RR\) in the zone.)3.382 +F .633(There must)5.633 F(be e)117 264 Q(xactly one)-.15 E F3(SO)2.5 E +(A)-.55 E F2(record per zone.)2.5 E F0 2.5(6.5.4. NS)102 288 R 2.5(-N) +2.5 G(ame Ser)-2.5 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(r).1 E F3 12.5({name} {ttl})117 304.2 +R(addr)16.6 E 10.82(-class NS)-.2 F(Name server)16.11 E 2.5(sn)-.1 G +(ame)-2.5 E F2 42.29(IN NS)194.6 316.2 R(ucbarpa)15 E F0(.)1.666 E F2 +(Berk)1.666 E(ele)-.1 E(y)-.15 E F0(.)1.666 E F2(Edu)1.666 E F0(.)A F2 +(The)117 332.4 Q F3 .044(Name Server)2.544 F F2(record,)2.544 E F3(NS) +2.544 E F2 2.544(,l)C .044(ists a name serv)-2.544 F .044 +(er responsible for a gi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.543(nd).15 G .043 +(omain, creating a)-2.543 F F3(dele-)2.543 E .43(gation point)117 344.4 +R F2 .43(and a)2.93 F F3(subzone)2.93 E F2 5.43(.T)C .431(he \214rst na\ +me \214eld speci\214es the zone that is serviced by the name)-5.43 F +(serv)117 356.4 Q(er speci\214ed by the second name.)-.15 E(Ev)5 E +(ery zone needs at least tw)-.15 E 2.5(on)-.1 G(ame serv)-2.5 E(ers.) +-.15 E EP +%%Page: 15 15 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Name Ser)72 60 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G 2.5(rO).1 G +(perations Guide f)-2.5 E(or)-.25 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 206.564 +(BIND SMM)2.5 F F0(:10-15)A 2.5(6.5.5. A)102 96 R 2.5(-A)2.5 G(ddr)-2.5 +E(ess)-.18 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF 14.49({name} {ttl})117 112.2 R +(addr)16.6 E 10.82(-class A)-.2 F(addr)16.11 E(ess)-.37 E/F3 10 +/Times-Roman@0 SF 45.44(ucbarpa IN)117 124.2 R 15(A1)44.79 G(28)-15 E F0 +(.)A F3(32)A F0(.)A F3(0)A F0(.)A F3(4)A 42.29(IN A)196.59 136.2 R(10)15 +E F0(.)A F3(0)A F0(.)A F3(0)A F0(.)A F3(78)A(The)117 152.4 Q F2(Addr) +3.754 E(ess)-.37 E F3(record,)3.754 E F2(A)3.754 E F3 3.754(,l)C 1.254 +(ists the address for a gi)-3.754 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.754(nm).15 G 3.754 +(achine. The)-3.754 F 1.253(name \214eld is the machine)3.754 F .342 +(name and the address is the netw)117 164.4 R .342(ork address.)-.1 F +.342(There should be one)5.342 F F2(A)2.843 E F3 .343 +(record for each address of)2.843 F(the machine.)117 176.4 Q F0 2.5 +(6.5.6. HINFO)102 200.4 R 2.5(-H)2.5 G(ost Inf)-2.5 E(ormation)-.25 E F2 +12.5({name} {ttl})117 216.6 R(addr)16.6 E 10.82(-class HINFO)-.2 F(Har) +15 E(dwar)-.37 E 26.05(eO)-.37 G(S)-26.05 E F3 42.29(IN HINFO)194.6 +228.6 R -1.35(VA)15 G 12.5(X-11/780 UNIX)1.35 F F2 .393 +(Host Information)117 244.8 R F3 .393(resource record,)2.893 F F2(HINFO) +2.893 E F3 2.893(,i)C 2.893(sf)-2.893 G .393(or host speci\214c data.) +-2.893 F .393(This lists the hardw)5.393 F .392(are and)-.1 F 1.94 +(operating system that are running at the listed host.)117 256.8 R 1.94 +(If you w)6.94 F 1.94(ant to include a space in the)-.1 F 1.155 +(machine name you must quote the name \(using `)117 268.8 R(`"')-.74 E +3.654('c)-.74 G 3.654(haracters.\) There)-3.654 F 1.154(could be one) +3.654 F F2(HINFO)3.654 E F3 .653 +(record for each host, though for security reasons most domains don')117 +280.8 R 3.154(th)-.18 G -2.25 -.2(av e)-3.154 H(an)3.354 E(y)-.15 E F2 +(HINFO)3.154 E F3(records)3.154 E(at all.)117 292.8 Q +(No application depends on them.)5 E F0 2.5(6.5.7. WKS)102 321 R 2.5(-W) +2.5 G(ell Kno)-3.15 E(wn Ser)-.1 E(vices)-.1 E F2 12.5({name} {ttl})117 +337.2 R(addr)16.6 E 10.82(-class WKS)-.2 F(addr)17.22 E 29.26(ess pr) +-.37 F 12.39(otocol list)-.45 F(of services)2.5 E F3 42.29(IN WKS)194.6 +349.2 R(128)15 E F0(.)A F3(32)A F0(.)A F3(0)A F0(.)A F3 12.5(10 UDP)B +(who route timed domain)28.33 E 42.29(IN WKS)194.6 361.2 R(128)15 E F0 +(.)A F3(32)A F0(.)A F3(0)A F0(.)A F3 12.5(10 TCP)B 2.5(\(e)29.99 G +(cho telnet)-2.5 E(discard sunrpc sftp)397.99 373.2 Q +(uucp-path systat daytime)397.99 385.2 Q(netstat qotd nntp)397.99 397.2 +Q(link char)397.99 409.2 Q(gen ftp)-.18 E(auth time whois mtp)397.99 +421.2 Q(pop rje \214nger smtp)397.99 433.2 Q(supdup hostnames)397.99 +445.2 Q(domain)397.99 457.2 Q(nameserv)397.99 469.2 Q(er \))-.15 E(The) +117 485.4 Q F2 -.92(We)2.574 G .074(ll Known Services).92 F F3(record,) +2.574 E F2(WKS)2.574 E F3 2.574(,d)C .074(escribes the well kno)-2.574 F +.073(wn services supported by a partic-)-.25 F .366 +(ular protocol at a speci\214ed address.)117 497.4 R .367 +(The list of services and port numbers come from the list of)5.366 F +1.122(services speci\214ed in)117 509.4 R F2(/etc/services.)3.622 E F3 +1.122(There should be only one)3.622 F F2(WKS)3.621 E F3 1.121 +(record per protocol per ad-)3.621 F 2.5(dress. Note)117 521.4 R +(that RFC1123 says of)2.5 E F2(WKS)2.5 E F3(records:)2.5 E 2.5 +(2.2 Using)124.5 541.8 R(Domain Name Service)2.5 E(...)124.5 553.8 Q +(An application SHOULD NO)132 565.8 Q 2.5(Tr)-.4 G +(ely on the ability to locate a WKS)-2.5 E +(record containing an accurate listing of all services at a)132 577.8 Q +(particular host address, since the WKS RR type is not often used)132 +589.8 Q(by Internet sites.)132 601.8 Q 1.6 -.8(To c)5 H +(on\214rm that a service is present, simply).8 E(attempt to use it.)132 +613.8 Q(...)124.5 625.8 Q 2.5(5.2.12 WKS)132 637.8 R +(Use in MX Processing: RFC-974, p. 5)2.5 E +(RFC-974 [SMTP:3] recommended that the domain system be queried)139.5 +661.8 Q(for WKS \("W)139.5 673.8 Q(ell-Kno)-.8 E +(wn Service"\) records, to v)-.25 E(erify that each)-.15 E +(proposed mail tar)139.5 685.8 Q(get does support SMTP)-.18 E 5(.L)-1.11 +G(ater e)-5 E(xperience has)-.15 E(sho)139.5 697.8 Q +(wn that WKS is not widely supported, so the WKS step in MX)-.25 E +(processing SHOULD NO)139.5 709.8 Q 2.5(Tb)-.4 G 2.5(eu)-2.5 G(sed.)-2.5 +E EP +%%Page: 16 16 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Bold@0 SF 203.87(SMM:10-16 Name)72 60 R(Ser)2.5 E -.1(ve) +-.1 G 2.5(rO).1 G(perations Guide f)-2.5 E(or)-.25 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 +SF(BIND)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(...)124.5 96 Q 2.5(6.1.3.6 Status) +139.5 108 R(of RR T)2.5 E(ypes)-.8 E(...)124.5 120 Q +(The TXT and WKS RR types ha)159.5 132 Q .3 -.15(ve n)-.2 H +(ot been widely used by).15 E +(Internet sites; as a result, an application cannot rely)159.5 144 Q +(on the e)159.5 156 Q(xistence of a TXT or WKS RR in most)-.15 E +(domains.)159.5 168 Q F0 2.5(6.5.8. CN)102 196.2 R(AME - Canonical Name) +-.2 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF 32.49(alias {ttl})117 212.4 R(addr)16.6 E +10.82(-class CN)-.2 F 14.64(AME Canonical)-.27 F(name)2.5 E F2 45.44 +(ucbmonet IN)117 224.4 R(CN)44.79 E 12.5(AME monet)-.35 F(The)117 240.6 +Q F3 .086(Canonical Name)2.586 F F2 .086(resource record,)2.586 F F3(CN) +2.586 E(AME)-.27 E F2 2.586(,s)C .087 +(peci\214es an alias or nickname for the of)-2.586 F .087(\214cial, or) +-.25 F 1.322(canonical, host name.)117 252.6 R 1.322 +(This record must be the only one associated with the alias name.)6.322 +F(All)6.322 E .139(other resource records must be associated with the c\ +anonical name, not with the nickname.)117 264.6 R(An)5.14 E(y)-.15 E +.072(resource records that include a domain name as their v)117 276.6 R +.072(alue \(e.g., NS or MX\))-.25 F F3(must)2.571 E F2 .071 +(list the canon-)2.571 F .256(ical name, not the nickname.)117 288.6 R +(Similarly)5.256 E 2.757(,aC)-.65 G -.35(NA)-2.757 G .257 +(ME will be follo).35 F .257(wed when searching for A RRs,)-.25 F -.2 +(bu)117 300.6 S 3.101(tn).2 G .601 +(ot for MX RRs or NS RRs or most other types of RRs.)-3.101 F(CN)5.6 E +.6(AMEs are allo)-.35 F .6(wed to point to)-.25 F(other CN)117 312.6 Q +(AMEs, b)-.35 E(ut this is considered slopp)-.2 E -.65(y.)-.1 G .057 +(Nicknames are useful when a well kno)142 328.8 R .057 +(wn host changes its name.)-.25 F .058(In that case, it is usually)5.058 +F 2.772(ag)117 340.8 S .272(ood idea to ha)-2.772 F .572 -.15(ve a)-.2 H +F3(CN)2.922 E(AME)-.27 E F2 .271 +(record so that people still using the old name will get to the right) +2.772 F(place.)117 352.8 Q F0 2.5(6.5.9. PTR)102 376.8 R 2.5(-D)2.5 G +(omain Name P)-2.5 E(ointer)-.2 E F3 12.5(name {ttl})117 393 R(addr)16.6 +E 10.82(-class PTR)-.2 F -.37(re)15.56 G(al name).37 E F2 54.6(7.0 IN) +117 405 R 12.5(PTR monet)44.79 F F0(.)1.666 E F2(Berk)1.666 E(ele)-.1 E +(y)-.15 E F0(.)1.666 E F2(Edu)1.666 E F0(.)1.666 E F2(A)117 421.2 Q F3 +.816(Domain Name P)3.316 F(ointer)-.8 E F2(record,)3.316 E F3(PTR)3.316 +E F2 3.317(,a)C(llo)-3.317 E .817 +(ws special names to point to some other location in)-.25 F .842 +(the domain.)117 433.2 R .842(The abo)5.842 F 1.142 -.15(ve ex)-.15 H +.842(ample of a).15 F F3(PTR)3.342 E F2 .842 +(record is used in setting up re)3.342 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .841 +(rse pointers for the).15 F(special)117 445.2 Q F3(IN-ADDR)3.078 E F0(.) +1.666 E F3(ARP)1.666 E(A)-.9 E F2 .578(domain. This line is from the e) +3.078 F(xample)-.15 E F3(hosts.r)3.078 E -.15(ev)-.37 G F2(\214le.)3.229 +E F3(PTR)5.579 E F2 .579(records are)3.079 F 2.786(needed by the)117 +457.2 R F3 -.1(ge)5.286 G(thostbyaddr).1 E F2 5.286(function. Note)5.286 +F 2.786(the trailing `)5.286 F(`)-.74 E F0(.)1.666 E F2 4.266 -.74('' w) +1.666 H 2.786(hich pre).74 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(nts).15 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 +SF(BIND)5.286 E F2(from)5.286 E(appending the current)117 469.2 Q F4 +($ORIGIN)2.5 E F2(to that domain name.)2.5 E F0 2.5(6.5.10. MX)102 493.2 +R 2.5(-M)2.5 G(ail Exchange)-2.5 E F3 68.33(name {ttl})117 509.4 R(addr) +16.6 E 10.82(-class MX)-.2 F(pr)16.67 E(efer)-.37 E(ence value)-.37 E +(mail e)14.92 E(xc)-.2 E(hang)-.15 E(e)-.1 E F2(Munnari)117 521.4 Q F0 +(.)1.666 E F2(OZ)1.666 E F0(.)1.666 E F2 -.55(AU)1.666 G F0(.)2.216 E F2 +42.29(IN MX)47.94 F 76.1(0S)15 G(eismo)-76.1 E F0(.)1.666 E F2(CSS)1.666 +E F0(.)1.666 E F2(GO)1.666 E(V)-.5 E F0(.)1.666 E F2(*)117 533.4 Q F0(.) +1.666 E F2(IL)1.666 E F0(.)1.666 E F2 42.29(IN MX)100.992 F 76.1(0R)15 G +(ELA)-76.1 E(Y)-1.05 E F0(.)1.666 E F2(CS)1.666 E F0(.)1.666 E F2(NET) +1.666 E F0(.)1.666 E F3 .726(Mail eXc)117 549.6 R(hang)-.15 E(e)-.1 E F2 +(records,)3.226 E F3(MX)3.227 E F2 3.227(,a)C .727 +(re used to specify a list of hosts which are con\214gured to recei) +-3.227 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .093(mail sent to this domain name.)117 561.6 R +(Ev)5.093 E .092(ery name which recei)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.592(sm).15 +G .092(ail should ha)-2.592 F .392 -.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E F3(MX)2.592 E +F2 .092(since if one)2.592 F .213 +(is not found at the time mail is being deli)117 573.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G +.213(red, an).15 F F3(MX)2.713 E F2 .213(will be `)2.713 F(`imputed') +-.74 E 2.714('w)-.74 G .214(ith a cost of 0 and a)-2.714 F .881 +(destination of the host itself.)117 585.6 R .881(If you w)5.881 F .881 +(ant a host to recei)-.1 F 1.18 -.15(ve i)-.25 H .88(ts o).15 F .88 +(wn mail, you should create an)-.25 F F3(MX)117 597.6 Q F2 .464 +(for your host')2.964 F 2.964(sn)-.55 G .464 +(ame, pointing at your host')-2.964 F 2.964(sn)-.55 G 2.964(ame. It) +-2.964 F .465(is better to ha)2.965 F .765 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .465 +(his be e).15 F .465(xplicit than)-.15 F 1.198 +(to let it be imputed by remote mailers.)117 609.6 R 1.198 +(In the \214rst e)6.198 F 1.198(xample, abo)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.698 +(,S).15 G(eismo)-3.698 E F0(.)1.666 E F2(CSS)1.666 E F0(.)1.666 E F2(GO) +1.666 E(V)-.5 E F0(.)1.666 E F2 1.198(is a)3.698 F .692(mail g)117 621.6 +R(ate)-.05 E -.1(wa)-.25 G 3.192(yt).1 G .692(hat kno)-3.192 F .692 +(ws ho)-.25 F 3.192(wt)-.25 G 3.192(od)-3.192 G(eli)-3.192 E -.15(ve) +-.25 G 3.192(rm).15 G .692(ail to Munnari)-3.192 F F0(.)1.666 E F2(OZ) +1.666 E F0(.)1.666 E F2 -.55(AU)1.666 G F0(.)2.216 E F2 5.693(.T)C .693 +(hese tw)-5.693 F 3.193(om)-.1 G .693(achines may)-3.193 F(ha)117 633.6 +Q .476 -.15(ve a p)-.2 H(ri).15 E -.25(va)-.25 G .176 +(te connection or use a dif).25 F .175(ferent transport medium.)-.25 F +.175(The preference v)5.175 F .175(alue is the order)-.25 F .109 +(that a mailer should follo)117 645.6 R 2.609(ww)-.25 G .109 +(hen there is more than one w)-2.609 F .11(ay to deli)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 +G 2.61(rm).15 G .11(ail to a single machine.)-2.61 F .01(Note that lo) +117 657.6 R .009(wer numbers indicate higher precedence, and that maile\ +rs are supposed to randomize)-.25 F(same-v)117 669.6 Q(alued)-.25 E F3 +(MX)2.719 E F2 .219(hosts so as to distrib)2.719 F .219(ute the load e) +-.2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .22(nly if the costs are equal.).15 F .22 +(See RFC974 for)5.22 F(more detailed information.)117 681.6 Q -.4(Wi)142 +697.8 S 1.822(ldcard names containing the character `).4 F(`*')-.74 E +4.322('m)-.74 G 1.821(ay be used for mail routing with)-4.322 F F3(MX) +4.321 E F2 4.366(records. There)117 709.8 R 1.866(are lik)4.366 F 1.866 +(ely to be serv)-.1 F 1.866(ers on the netw)-.15 F 1.867 +(ork that simply state that an)-.1 F 4.367(ym)-.15 G 1.867(ail to a) +-4.367 F EP +%%Page: 17 17 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Name Ser)72 60 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G 2.5(rO).1 G +(perations Guide f)-2.5 E(or)-.25 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 206.564 +(BIND SMM)2.5 F F0(:10-17)A/F2 10/Times-Roman@0 SF .43 +(domain is to be routed through a relay)117 96 R 5.429(.S)-.65 G .429 +(econd e)-5.429 F .429(xample, abo)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.929(,a).15 G +.429(ll mail to hosts in the domain)-2.929 F 1.72 +(IL is routed through RELA)117 108 R -1.29(Y.)-1.05 G(CS.NET)1.29 E +6.721(.T)-.74 G 1.721 +(his is done by creating a wildcard resource record,)-6.721 F .381 +(which states that *.IL has an)117 120 R/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(MX) +2.881 E F2 .381(of RELA)2.881 F -1.29(Y.)-1.05 G(CS.NET)1.29 E 5.381(.W) +-.74 G(ildcard)-5.781 E F3(MX)2.881 E F2 .38(records are not v)2.88 F +.38(ery useful)-.15 F .189 +(in practice, though, since once a mail message gets to the g)117 132 R +(ate)-.05 E -.1(wa)-.25 G 2.69(yf).1 G .19(or a gi)-2.69 F -.15(ve)-.25 +G 2.69(nd).15 G .19(omain it still has)-2.69 F .862(to be routed)117 144 +R F3(within)3.362 E F2 .861 +(that domain and it is not currently possible to ha)3.362 F 1.161 -.15 +(ve a)-.2 H 3.361(na).15 G(pparently-dif)-3.361 E(ferent)-.25 E .228 +(set of)117 156 R F3(MX)2.728 E F2 .229 +(records inside and outside of a domain.)2.728 F .229(If you w)5.229 F +(on')-.1 E 2.729(tb)-.18 G 2.729(en)-2.729 G .229(eeding an)-2.729 F +2.729(yM)-.15 G .229(ail Exchanges)-2.729 F .306 +(inside your domain, go ahead and use a wildcard.)117 168 R .306 +(If you w)5.306 F .305(ant to use both wildcard `)-.1 F(`top-le)-.74 E +-.15(ve)-.25 G(l').15 E(')-.74 E 1.324(and speci\214c `)117 180 R +(`interior')-.74 E(')-.74 E F3(MX)3.824 E F2 1.324 +(records, note that each speci\214c record will ha)3.824 F 1.624 -.15 +(ve t)-.2 H 3.824(o`).15 G 1.324(`end with')-4.564 F 3.824('a)-.74 G +.711(complete recitation of the same data that is carried in the top-le) +117 192 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.21(lr).15 G 3.21(ecord. This)-3.21 F .71 +(is because the)3.21 F(speci\214c)117 204 Q F3(MX)3.124 E F2 .624 +(records will tak)3.124 F 3.124(ep)-.1 G .624(recedence o)-3.124 F -.15 +(ve)-.15 G 3.124(rt).15 G .624(he top-le)-3.124 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.124 +(lw).15 G .625(ildcard records, and must be able)-3.124 F .058 +(to perform the top-le)117 216 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(l').15 E 2.558(si)-.55 G +2.557(fag)-2.558 G -2.15 -.25(iv e)-2.557 H 2.557(ni).25 G .057 +(nterior domain is to be able to recei)-2.557 F .357 -.15(ve m)-.25 H +.057(ail from outside the).15 F -.05(ga)117 228 S(te).05 E -.1(wa)-.25 G +3.8 -.65(y. W).1 H(ildcard).25 E F3(MX)2.5 E F2(records are v)2.5 E +(ery subtle and you should be careful with them.)-.15 E F0 2.5 +(6.5.11. TXT)102 252 R 2.5(-T)2.5 G(ext)-3.42 E F3 68.33(name {ttl})117 +268.2 R(addr)16.6 E 10.82(-class TXT)-.2 F(string)17.21 E F2(Munnari)117 +280.2 Q F0(.)1.666 E F2(OZ)1.666 E F0(.)1.666 E F2 -.55(AU)1.666 G F0(.) +2.216 E F2 42.29(IN TXT)47.94 F("foo")15 E(A)117 296.4 Q F3(TXT)3.639 E +F2 1.139(record contains free-form te)3.639 F 1.139(xtual data.)-.15 F +1.139(The syntax of the te)6.139 F 1.14(xt depends on the domain)-.15 F +.146(where it is found; man)117 308.4 R 2.646(ys)-.15 G .146(ystems use) +-2.646 F F3(TXT)2.646 E F2 .146 +(records to encode local data in a stylized format.)2.646 F(MIT)5.145 E +(Hesiod is one such system.)117 320.4 Q F0 2.5(6.5.12. RP)102 344.4 R +2.5(-R)2.5 G(esponsible P)-2.5 E(erson)-.2 E F3 19.16(owner {ttl})117 +360.6 R(addr)16.6 E 10.82(-class RP)-.2 F 36.59(mbox-domain-name TXT) +15.01 F(-domain-name)-.74 E F2 45.44(franklin IN)117 372.6 R 12.5 +(RP ben.franklin.berk)44.79 F(ele)-.1 E -.65(y.)-.15 G 12.5 +(edu. sysadmins.berk).65 F(ele)-.1 E -.65(y.)-.15 G(edu.).65 E .393 +(The Responsible Person record,)142 393 R F3(RP)2.893 E F2 2.893(,i)C +.393(denti\214es the name or group name of the responsible)-2.893 F .331 +(person for a host.)117 405 R .33(Often it is desirable to be able to i\ +dentify the responsible entity for a particu-)5.331 F 1.165(lar host.) +117 417 R 1.165(When that host is do)6.165 F 1.165 +(wn or malfunctioning, you w)-.25 F 1.166(ould w)-.1 F 1.166 +(ant to contact those parties)-.1 F +(who might be able to repair the host.)117 429 Q 1.119 +(The \214rst \214eld,)142 445.2 R F3(mbox-domain-name)3.619 E F2 3.619 +(,i)C 3.619(sad)-3.619 G 1.118 +(omain name that speci\214es the mailbox for the)-3.619 F 1.38 +(responsible person.)117 457.2 R 1.38 +(Its format in a zone \214le uses the)6.38 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(DNS) +3.88 E F2(con)3.88 E -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.38(ntion for mailbox encoding,).15 +F .402(identical to that used for the)117 469.2 R F3 -.8(Pe)2.901 G -.1 +(rs).8 G(on-in-c).1 E(har)-.15 E -.1(ge)-.37 G F2 .401 +(mailbox \214eld in the SO)3.001 F 2.901(Ar)-.35 G 2.901(ecord. In) +-2.901 F .401(the e)2.901 F(xample)-.15 E(abo)117 481.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G +2.918(,t).15 G(he)-2.918 E F3(mbox-domain-name)2.918 E F2(sho)2.919 E +.419(ws the encoding for `)-.25 F(`)-.74 E F0(<ben@franklin.berk)A(eley) +-.1 E(.edu>)-.7 E F2 -.74('')C 5.419(.T).74 G(he)-5.419 E +(root domain name \(just `)117 493.2 Q(`)-.74 E F0(.)1.666 E F2 -.74('') +1.666 G 2.5(\)m).74 G +(ay be speci\214ed to indicate that no mailbox is a)-2.5 E -.25(va)-.2 G +(ilable.).25 E .931(The second \214eld,)142 509.4 R F3(TXT)3.431 E +(-domain-name)-.74 E F2 3.431(,i)C 3.431(sad)-3.431 G .931 +(omain name for which)-3.431 F F3(TXT)3.431 E F2 .93(records e)3.43 F +3.43(xist. A)-.15 F 1.808(subsequent query can be performed to retrie) +117 521.4 R 2.108 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.809(he associated).15 F F3(TXT) +4.309 E F2 1.809(resource records at)4.309 F F3(TXT)4.309 E(-)-.74 E +(domain-name)117 533.4 Q F2 6.416(.T)C 1.416(his pro)-6.416 F 1.416 +(vides a le)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.916(lo).15 G 3.915(fi)-3.916 G 1.415 +(ndirection so that the entity can be referred to from)-3.915 F 2.158 +(multiple places in the)117 545.4 R F4(DNS)4.658 E F2 7.158(.T)C 2.159 +(he root domain name \(just `)-7.158 F(`)-.74 E F0(.)1.666 E F2 -.74('') +1.666 G 4.659(\)m).74 G 2.159(ay be speci\214ed for)-4.659 F F3(TXT) +4.659 E(-)-.74 E 1.784 +(domain-name to indicate that no associated TXT RR e)117 557.4 R 4.284 +(xists. In)-.2 F 1.784(the e)4.284 F 1.783(xample abo)-.2 F(ve)-.1 E +4.283(,`)-.1 G(`)-5.393 E F0(sysad-)A(mins.berk)117 569.4 Q(eley)-.1 E +(.edu.)-.7 E F3 2.692 -1.11('' i)D 2.972(st)1.11 G .472 +(he name of a TXT r)-2.972 F(ecor)-.37 E 2.972(dt)-.37 G .472 +(hat might contain some te)-2.972 F .472(xt with names and)-.2 F +(phone number)117 581.4 Q(s.)-.1 E F2 1.168(The format of the)142 597.6 +R F3(RP)3.668 E F2 1.168(record is class-insensiti)3.668 F -.15(ve)-.25 +G 6.168(.M).15 G(ultiple)-6.168 E F3(RP)3.668 E F2 1.168 +(records at a single name)3.668 F +(may be present in the database, though the)117 609.6 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G +(hould ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve i)-.2 H(dentical TTLs.).15 E(The)142 625.8 Q +F3(RP)2.5 E F2(record is still e)2.5 E(xperimental; not all name serv) +-.15 E(ers implement or recognize it.)-.15 E F0 2.5(6.5.13. AFSDB)102 +649.8 R 2.5(-D)2.5 G(CE or AFS Ser)-2.5 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(r).1 E F3 39.17 +(name {ttl})117 666 R(addr)16.6 E 10.82(-class AFSDB)-.2 F 13.06 +(subtype server)16.68 F(host name)2.5 E F2(toaster)117 678 Q 45.44 +(.com. IN)-.55 F 12.5(AFSDB 1)44.79 F(jack.toaster)41.11 E(.com.)-.55 E +EP +%%Page: 18 18 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Bold@0 SF 203.87(SMM:10-18 Name)72 60 R(Ser)2.5 E -.1(ve) +-.1 G 2.5(rO).1 G(perations Guide f)-2.5 E(or)-.25 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 +SF(BIND)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(toaster)117 96 Q 45.44(.com. IN) +-.55 F 12.5(AFSDB 1)44.79 F(jill.toaster)41.11 E(.com.)-.55 E(toaster) +117 108 Q 45.44(.com. IN)-.55 F 12.5(AFSDB 2)44.79 F(track)41.11 E(er) +-.1 E(.toaster)-.55 E(.com.)-.55 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(AFSDB)117 +124.2 Q F2 .042(records are used to specify the hosts that pro)2.542 F +.042(vide a style of distrib)-.15 F .042(uted service adv)-.2 F(ertised) +-.15 E 1.759(under this domain name.)117 136.2 R 4.259(As)6.759 G 1.759 +(ubtype v)-4.259 F 1.759(alue \(analogous to the `)-.25 F(`preference') +-.74 E 4.258('v)-.74 G 1.758(alue in the)-4.508 F F3(MX)4.258 E F2 .478 +(record\) indicates which style of distrib)117 148.2 R .478 +(uted service is pro)-.2 F .478(vided with the gi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +2.978(nn).15 G 2.978(ame. Subtype)-2.978 F(1)2.978 E .021 +(indicates that the named host is an AFS \(R\) database serv)117 160.2 R +.021(er for the AFS cell of the gi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.521(nd).15 G +(omain)-2.521 E 2.592(name. Subtype)117 172.2 R 2.592(2i)2.592 G .092 +(ndicates that the named host pro)-2.592 F .092 +(vides intra-cell name service for the DCE \(R\))-.15 F 4.017 +(cell named by the gi)117 184.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 6.516(nd).15 G 4.016 +(omain name.)-6.516 F 4.016(In the e)9.016 F 4.016(xample abo)-.15 F +-.15(ve)-.15 G 6.516(,j).15 G(ack)-6.516 E F0(.)1.666 E F2(toaster)1.666 +E F0(.)1.666 E F2 4.016(com and)1.666 F(jill)117 196.2 Q F0(.)1.666 E F2 +(toaster)1.666 E F0(.)1.666 E F2 .595 +(com are declared to be AFS database serv)1.666 F .595 +(ers for the toaster)-.15 F F0(.)1.666 E F2 .596(com AFS cell, so that) +1.666 F .586(AFS clients wishing service from toaster)117 208.2 R F0(.) +1.666 E F2 .586(com are directed to those tw)1.666 F 3.085(oh)-.1 G .585 +(osts for further infor)-3.085 F(-)-.2 E 3.946(mation. The)117 220.2 R +1.446(third record declares that track)3.946 F(er)-.1 E F0(.)1.666 E F2 +(toaster)1.666 E F0(.)1.666 E F2 1.446(com houses a directory serv)1.666 +F 1.447(er for the)-.15 F .235(root of the DCE cell toaster)117 232.2 R +F0(.)1.666 E F2 .234 +(com, so that DCE clients that wish to refer to DCE services should) +1.666 F .273(consult with the host track)117 244.2 R(er)-.1 E F0(.)1.666 +E F2(toaster)1.666 E F0(.)1.666 E F2 .274(com for further information.) +1.666 F .274(The DCE sub-type of record)5.274 F .045 +(is usually accompanied by a)117 256.2 R F3(TXT)2.545 E F2 .044 +(record for other information specifying other details to be used)2.545 +F 1.732(in accessing the DCE cell.)117 268.2 R 1.732 +(RFC1183 contains more detailed information on the use of this)6.732 F +(record type.)117 280.2 Q(The)142 296.4 Q F3(AFSDB)2.5 E F2 +(record is still e)2.5 E(xperimental; not all name serv)-.15 E +(ers implement or recognize it.)-.15 E F0 2.5(6.5.14. PX)102 332.4 R 2.5 +(-P)2.5 G(ointer to X.400/RFC822 mapping inf)-2.7 E(ormation)-.25 E F3 +85.22(name {ttl})117 348.6 R(addr)16.6 E 10.82(-class PX)-.2 F(pr)15.56 +E 12.3(efer 822-dom)-.37 F(X.400-dom)15.56 E F2(*.ADMD-g)117 360.6 Q +(arr)-.05 E 45.44(.X42D.it. IN)-.55 F 12.5(PX 50)44.79 F 40.55 +(it. ADMD-g)28.87 F(arr)-.05 E(.C-it.)-.55 E 105.65(*.infn.it. IN)117 +372.6 R 12.5(PX 50)44.79 F 21.94(infn.it. O.PRMD-infn.ADMD-g)28.87 F +(arr)-.05 E(.C-it.)-.55 E 124.26(*.it. IN)117 384.6 R 12.5(PX 50)44.79 F +40.55(it. O-g)28.87 F(ate.PRMD-g)-.05 E(arr)-.05 E(.ADMD-g)-.55 E(arr) +-.05 E(.C-it.)-.55 E(The)142 405 Q F3(PX)4.678 E F2 2.178(records \() +4.678 F F3 -.8(Po)C 2.177(inter to X.400/RFC822 mapping information).8 F +F2 4.677(\)a)C 2.177(re used to specify)-4.677 F 1.65(address mapping r\ +ules between X.400 O/R addresses and RFC822 style \(domain-style\) mail) +117 417 R(addresses. F)117 429 Q(or a detailed description of the mappi\ +ng process please refer to RFC1327.)-.15 E(Mapping rules are of 3 dif) +142 445.2 Q(ferent types:)-.25 E(1\) mapping from X.400 to RFC822 \(de\ +\214ned as "table 1 rules" in RFC1327\))142 461.4 Q(2\) mapping from RF\ +C822 to X.400 \(de\214ned as "table 2 rules" in RFC1327\))142 477.6 Q +(3\) encoding RFC822 into X.400)142 493.8 Q(\(de\214ned as "g)7.5 E +(ate table" in RFC1327\))-.05 E 2.38 +(All three types of mapping rules are speci\214ed using)142 510 R F3(PX) +4.88 E F2 2.38(Resource Records in DNS,)4.88 F .032(although the)117 522 +R F3(name)2.532 E F2 -.25(va)2.532 G .032(lue is dif).25 F .033 +(ferent: for case 1, the)-.25 F F3(name)2.533 E F2 -.25(va)2.533 G .033 +(lue is an X.400 domain in DNS syn-).25 F 1.067 +(tax, whereas for cases 2 and 3 the)117 534 R F3(name)3.567 E F2 -.25 +(va)3.567 G 1.067(lue is an RFC822 domain. Refer to RFC-1664 for).25 F +.009(details on specifying an X.400 domain in DNS syntax and for the us\ +e of the)117 546 R F3(X42D)2.51 E F2 -.1(ke)2.51 G(yw)-.05 E .01 +(ord in it.)-.1 F -.8(To)117 558 S .248(ols are a).8 F -.25(va)-.2 G +.248(ilable to con).25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .248 +(rt from RFC1327 tables format into DNS \214les syntax.).15 F F3(Pr) +5.247 E(efer)-.37 E(ence)-.37 E F2(is)2.747 E .39(analogous to the)117 +570 R F3(MX)2.89 E F2 .391 +(RR Preference parameter: it is currently advised to use a \214x)2.89 F +.391(ed v)-.15 F .391(alue of 50)-.25 F .004(for it.)117 582 R F3 +(822-dom)2.504 E F2(gi)2.504 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.504(st).15 G .004 +(he RFC822 part of the mapping rules, and)-2.504 F F3(X.400-dom)2.504 E +F2(gi)2.503 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.503(st).15 G .003(he X.400 part)-2.503 F +.209(of the mapping rule \(in DNS syntax\). It is currently advised al) +117 594 R -.1(wa)-.1 G .21(ys to use wildcarded).1 F F3(name)2.71 E F2 +-.25(va)2.71 G(l-).25 E 1.175(ues, as the RFC1327 tables speci\214catio\ +ns permit wildcard speci\214cations only)117 606 R 3.674(.T)-.65 G 1.174 +(his is to k)-3.674 F(eep)-.1 E 1.105(compatibility with e)117 618 R +1.106(xisting services using static RFC1327 tables instead of DNS)-.15 F +F3(PX)3.606 E F2(informa-)3.606 E(tion.)117 630 Q .328(Speci\214cations\ + of mapping rules from X.400 to RFC822 syntax requires the creation of \ +an)142 646.2 R 1.178 +(appropriate X.400 domain tree into DNS, including thus speci\214c)117 +658.2 R F3(SO)3.678 E(A)-.55 E F2(and)3.678 E F3(NS)3.678 E F2 1.178 +(records for the)3.678 F 2.623(domain itself. Speci\214cation of mappin\ +g rules from RFC822 into X.400 can be embedded)117 670.2 R .782 +(directly into the normal direct)117 682.2 R F3(name)3.283 E F2 3.283 +(tree. Ag)3.283 F .783(ain, refer to RFC1664 for details about or)-.05 F +-.05(ga)-.18 G(niza-).05 E(tion of this structure.)117 694.2 Q EP +%%Page: 19 19 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Name Ser)72 60 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G 2.5(rO).1 G +(perations Guide f)-2.5 E(or)-.25 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 206.564 +(BIND SMM)2.5 F F0(:10-19)A/F2 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.8(To)142 96 S 1.089 +(ols and library routines, based on the standard resolv).8 F 1.089 +(er ones, are a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.089(ilable to retrie).25 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G +(from DNS the appropriate mapping rules in RFC1327 or DNS syntax.)117 +108 Q .384(Once ag)142 124.2 R .384(ain, refer to RFC1664 to use the) +-.05 F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(PX)2.884 E F2 .384 +(resource record, and be careful in coordinat-)2.884 F .74(ing the mapp\ +ing information you can specify in DNS with the same information speci\ +\214ed into)117 136.2 R(the RFC1327 static tables.)117 148.2 Q(The)142 +164.4 Q F3(PX)2.5 E F2(record is still e)2.5 E +(xperimental; not all serv)-.15 E(ers implement or recognize it.)-.15 E +F0 2.5(6.6. Discussion)87 200.4 R(about the TTL)2.5 E F2 1.277 +(The use of dif)127 216.6 R 1.277(ferent T)-.25 F 1.277(ime T)-.35 F +3.777(oL)-.8 G -2.15 -.25(iv e)-3.777 H 1.277 +(\214elds with in a RRset ha)4.027 F 1.577 -.15(ve b)-.2 H 1.277 +(een deprecated and this is).15 F .612(enforced by the serv)102 228.6 R +.612(er when loading a primary zone.)-.15 F .612 +(See the Security section for more discussion)5.612 F(of dif)102 240.6 Q +(fering TTLs.)-.25 E .465(The T)127 256.8 R .465(ime T)-.35 F 2.965(oL) +-.8 G -2.15 -.25(iv e)-2.965 H .466(assigned to the records and to the \ +zone via the Minimum \214eld in the SO)3.215 F(A)-.35 E .879 +(record is v)102 268.8 R .879(ery important. High v)-.15 F .879 +(alues will lead to lo)-.25 F .879(wer BIND netw)-.25 F .878(ork traf) +-.1 F .878(\214c and f)-.25 F .878(aster response)-.1 F 2.321(time. Lo) +102 280.8 R 2.321(wer v)-.25 F 2.321 +(alues will tend to generate lots of requests b)-.25 F 2.322 +(ut will allo)-.2 F 4.822(wf)-.25 G 2.322(aster propag)-4.922 F 2.322 +(ation of)-.05 F(changes.)102 292.8 Q 1.444 +(Only changes and deletions from the zone are af)127 309 R 1.444 +(fected by the TTLs.)-.25 F 1.443(Additions propag)6.443 F(ate)-.05 E +(according to the Refresh v)102 321 Q(alue in the SO)-.25 E(A.)-.35 E +.141(Experience has sho)127 337.2 R .141(wn that sites use def)-.25 F +.141(ault TTLs for their zones v)-.1 F .142(arying from around 0.5 day) +-.25 F .542(to around 7 days. Y)102 349.2 R .541 +(ou may wish to consider boosting the def)-1.1 F .541(ault TTL sho)-.1 F +.541(wn in former v)-.25 F .541(ersions of)-.15 F 1.912(this guide from\ + one day \(86400 seconds\) to three days \(259200 seconds\). This will \ +drastically)102 361.2 R +(reduce the number of requests made to your name serv)102 373.2 Q(ers.) +-.15 E .92(If you need f)127 389.4 R .92(ast propag)-.1 F .919 +(ation of changes and deletions, it might be wise to reduce the Mini-) +-.05 F .328(mum \214eld a fe)102 401.4 R 2.828(wd)-.25 G .328(ays befor\ +e the change, then do the modi\214cation itself and augment the TTL to \ +its)-2.828 F(former v)102 413.4 Q(alue.)-.25 E .646(If you kno)127 429.6 +R 3.146(wt)-.25 G .646 +(hat your zone is pretty stable \(you mainly add ne)-3.146 F 3.145(wr) +-.25 G .645(ecords without deleting or)-3.145 F +(changing old ones\) then you may e)102 441.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(nw) +.15 G(ish to consider a TTL higher than three days.)-2.5 E .536 +(Note that in an)127 457.8 R 3.036(yc)-.15 G .536(ase, it mak)-3.036 F +.537(es no sense to ha)-.1 F .837 -.15(ve r)-.2 H .537 +(ecords with a TTL belo).15 F 3.037(wt)-.25 G .537(he SO)-3.037 F 3.037 +(AR)-.35 G(efresh)-3.037 E(delay)102 469.8 Q 2.5(,a)-.65 G 2.5(sD)-2.5 G +(elay is the time required for secondaries to get a cop)-2.5 E 2.5(yo) +-.1 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he ne)-2.5 E(wly modi\214ed zone.)-.25 E F0 2.5 +(6.7. About)87 505.8 R -.63(``)2.5 G(secur).63 E 2.5(ez)-.18 G(ones') +-2.5 E(')-.63 E F2 .379 +(Secure zones implement named security on a zone by zone basis.)127 522 +R .379(It is designed to use a per)5.379 F(-)-.2 E(mission list of netw) +102 534 Q +(orks or hosts which may obtain particular information from the zone.) +-.1 E .89(In order to use zone security)127 550.2 R(,)-.65 E F3(named) +3.391 E F2 .891(must be compiled with SECURE_ZONES de\214ned and)3.391 F +.939(you must ha)102 562.2 R 1.239 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 3.439(tl).15 G .939 +(east one secure_zone TXT RR.)-3.439 F .939(Unless a)5.939 F F3(secur) +3.439 E(e_zone)-.37 E F2 .938(record e)3.439 F .938(xists for a gi)-.15 +F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E .841 +(zone, no restrictions will be applied to the data in that zone.)102 +574.2 R .842(The format of the secure_zone TXT)5.841 F(RR is:)102 586.2 +Q 33.5(secure_zone addr)102 602.4 R 33.5(-class TXT string)-.2 F 1.272 +(The addr)127 618.6 R 1.272(-class may be either)-.2 F F3(HS)3.771 E F2 +(or)3.771 E F3(IN)3.771 E F2 6.271(.T)C 1.271 +(he syntax for the TXT string is either `)-6.271 F(`netw)-.74 E(ork)-.1 +E(address:netmask')102 630.6 Q 2.5('o)-.74 G 2.5(r`)-2.5 G +(`host IP address:H')-3.24 E('.)-.74 E -.74(``)127 646.8 S(netw).74 E +.032(ork address:netmask')-.1 F 2.532('a)-.74 G(llo)-2.532 E .032 +(ws queries from an entire netw)-.25 F 2.533(ork. If)-.1 F .033 +(the netmask is omitted,)2.533 F(named will use the def)102 658.8 Q +(ault netmask for the netw)-.1 E(ork address speci\214ed.)-.1 E -.74(``) +127 675 S .419(host IP address:H').74 F 2.918('a)-.74 G(llo)-2.918 E +.418(ws queries from a host.)-.25 F .418(The `)5.418 F(`H')-.74 E 2.918 +('a)-.74 G .418(fter the `)-2.918 F(`:')-.74 E 2.918('i)-.74 G 2.918(sr) +-2.918 G .418(equired to dif)-2.918 F(fer)-.25 E(-)-.2 E .217 +(entiate the host address from a netw)102 687 R .217(ork address.)-.1 F +.218(Multiple secure_zone TXT RRs are allo)5.217 F .218(wed in the)-.25 +F(same zone \214le.)102 699 Q EP +%%Page: 20 20 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Bold@0 SF 203.87(SMM:10-20 Name)72 60 R(Ser)2.5 E -.1(ve) +-.1 G 2.5(rO).1 G(perations Guide f)-2.5 E(or)-.25 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 +SF(BIND)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.15(Fo)127 96 S 2.972(re).15 G +.472(xample, you can set up a zone to only answer Hesiod requests from \ +the mask)-3.122 F .471(ed class B)-.1 F(netw)102 108 Q +(ork 130.215.0.0 and from host 128.23.10.56 by adding the follo)-.1 E +(wing tw)-.25 E 2.5(oT)-.1 G(XT RR')-2.5 E(s:)-.55 E 33.5 +(secure_zone HS TXT `)102 124.2 R(`130.215.0.0:255.255.0.0')-.74 E(') +-.74 E 33.5(secure_zone HS TXT `)102 136.2 R(`128.23.10.56:H')-.74 E(') +-.74 E .866 +(This feature can be used to restrict access to a Hesiod passw)127 152.4 +R .866(ord map or to separate internal)-.1 F 1.493(and e)102 164.4 R +1.493(xternal internet address resolution on a \214re)-.15 F -.1(wa)-.25 +G 1.494(ll machine without needing to run a separate).1 F +(named for internal and e)102 176.4 Q(xternal address resolution.)-.15 E +1.065(Note that you will need to include your loopback interf)127 192.6 +R 1.064(ace \(127.0.0.1\) in your secure_zone)-.1 F +(record, or your local clients w)102 204.6 Q(on')-.1 E 2.5(tb)-.18 G 2.5 +(ea)-2.5 G(ble to resolv)-2.5 E 2.5(en)-.15 G(ames.)-2.5 E F0 2.5 +(6.8. About)87 240.6 R(Hesiod, and HS-class Resour)2.5 E(ce Records)-.18 +E F2 1.536(Hesiod, de)127 256.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.536(loped by).15 F/F3 +9/Times-Roman@0 SF(MIT)4.036 E F2 1.537 +(Project Athena, is an information service b)4.036 F 1.537(uilt upon)-.2 +F F3(BIND)4.037 E F2 6.537(.I)C(ts)-6.537 E .307 +(intent is similar to that of Sun')102 268.8 R(s)-.55 E F3(NIS)2.807 E +F2 2.806(:t)C 2.806(of)-2.806 G .306 +(urnish information about users, groups, netw)-2.806 F(ork-accessible) +-.1 E 1.549(\214le systems, printcaps, and mail service throughout an i\ +nstallation.)102 280.8 R 1.55(Aside from its use of)6.55 F F3(BIND)4.05 +E F2 .057(rather than separate serv)102 292.8 R .057 +(er code another important dif)-.15 F .056(ference between Hesiod and) +-.25 F F3(NIS)2.556 E F2 .056(is that Hesiod)2.556 F .892 +(is not intended to deal with passw)102 304.8 R .892 +(ords and authentication, b)-.1 F .893 +(ut only with data that are not security)-.2 F(sensiti)102 316.8 Q -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 5.623(.H).15 G .623(esiod serv)-5.623 F .623 +(ers can be implemented by adding resource records to)-.15 F F3(BIND) +3.122 E F2(serv)3.122 E .622(ers; or the)-.15 F(y)-.15 E +(can be implemented as separate serv)102 328.8 Q +(ers separately administered.)-.15 E 3.503 -.8(To l)127 345 T 1.903 +(earn about and obtain Hesiod mak).8 F 4.403(ea)-.1 G 4.403(na)-4.403 G +(non)-4.403 E(ymous)-.15 E F3(FTP)4.403 E F2 1.903(connection to host) +4.403 F F3 -.999(AT)4.404 G(HEN).999 E(A-)-.315 E(DIST)102 357 Q(.MIT) +-.666 E(.EDU)-.666 E F2 .304(and retrie)2.804 F .604 -.15(ve t)-.25 H +.304(he compressed tar \214le).15 F F0(/pub/A)2.804 E(THEN)-.95 E +(A/hesiod.tar)-.2 E(.Z)-1 E F2 5.304(.Y)C .303(ou will not need)-6.404 F +1.104(the named and resolv)102 369 R 1.105 +(er library portions of the distrib)-.15 F 1.105 +(ution because their functionality has already)-.2 F .225(been inte)102 +381 R .225(grated into)-.15 F F3 .225(BIND as of 4.9)2.725 F F2 5.225 +(.T)C 2.725(ol)-6.025 G .225(earn ho)-2.725 F 2.725(wH)-.25 G .224 +(esiod functions as part of the Athena computing)-2.725 F(en)102 393 Q +3.091(vironment obtain the paper)-.4 F F0(/pub/A)5.592 E(THEN)-.95 E +(A/usenix/athena-changes.PS)-.2 E F2 3.092(from the abo)5.592 F -.15(ve) +-.15 G F3(FTP)5.742 E F2(serv)102 405 Q(er host.)-.15 E +(There is also a tar \214le of sample Hesiod resource \214les.)5 E .471 +(Whether one should use Hesiod class is open to question, since the sam\ +e services can proba-)127 421.2 R .985(bly be pro)102 433.2 R .985 +(vided with class IN, type TXT and type CN)-.15 F .985(AME records.)-.35 +F .986(In either case, the code and)5.985 F +(documents for Hesiod will suggest ho)102 445.2 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G 2.5(os) +-2.5 G(et up and use the service.)-2.5 E .74(Note that while)127 461.4 R +F3(BIND)3.24 E F2 .74(includes support for)3.24 F/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 +SF(HS)3.24 E F2 .739(-class queries, the zone transfer logic for non-)B +F4(IN)102 473.4 Q F2(-class zones is still e)A(xperimental.)-.15 E F0 +2.5(6.9. Sample)87 509.4 R(Files)2.5 E F2 1.099(The follo)127 525.6 R +1.099(wing section contains sample \214les for the name serv)-.25 F(er) +-.15 E 6.099(.T)-.55 G 1.1(his co)-6.099 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.1(rs e).15 F +1.1(xample boot)-.15 F(\214les for the dif)102 537.6 Q +(ferent types of serv)-.25 E(ers and e)-.15 E +(xample domain data base \214les.)-.15 E F0 2.5(6.9.1. Boot)102 561.6 R +(Files)2.5 E 2.5(6.9.1.1. Primary)117 585.6 R(Ser)2.5 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(r) +.1 E EP +%%Page: 21 21 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Name Ser)72 60 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G 2.5(rO).1 G +(perations Guide f)-2.5 E(or)-.25 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 206.564 +(BIND SMM)2.5 F F0(:10-21)A/F2 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(;)132 100.2 Q 2.5(;B) +132 112.2 S(oot \214le for Primary Name Serv)-2.5 E(er)-.15 E(;)132 +124.2 Q 2.5(;t)132 144.6 S 26.1(ype domain)-2.5 F(source \214le or host) +71.66 E(;)132 156.6 Q 12.5(directory /usr/local/adm/named)132 168.6 R +16.94(primary Berk)132 180.6 R(ele)-.1 E(y)-.15 E F0(.)A F2 44.7 +(Edu ucbhosts)B 16.94(primary 32)132 192.6 R F0(.)A F2(128)A F0(.)A F2 +(in-addr)A F0(.)A F2 20.57(arpa ucbhosts)B F0(.)A F2(re)A(v)-.25 E 16.94 +(primary 0)132 204.6 R F0(.)A F2(0)A F0(.)A F2(127)A F0(.)A F2(in-addr)A +F0(.)A F2 18.07(arpa named)B F0(.)A F2(local)A(cache)132 216.6 Q F0(.) +28.34 E F2(root)99.16 E F0(.)A F2(cache)A F0 2.5(6.9.1.2. Secondary)117 +249 R(Ser)2.5 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(r).1 E F2(;)132 269.4 Q 2.5(;B)132 281.4 S +(oot \214le for Secondary Name Serv)-2.5 E(er)-.15 E(;)132 293.4 Q 2.5 +(;t)132 313.8 S 30.54(ype domain)-2.5 F(source \214le or host)71.66 E(;) +132 325.8 Q 16.94(directory /usr/local/adm/named)132 337.8 R 12.5 +(secondary Berk)132 349.8 R(ele)-.1 E(y)-.15 E F0(.)A F2 44.7(Edu 128)B +F0(.)A F2(32)A F0(.)A F2(0)A F0(.)A F2 2.5(41)C(28)-2.5 E F0(.)A F2(32)A +F0(.)A F2(0)A F0(.)A F2(10 ucbhosts.bak)A 12.5(secondary 32)132 361.8 R +F0(.)A F2(128)A F0(.)A F2(in-addr)A F0(.)A F2 20.57(arpa 128)B F0(.)A F2 +(32)A F0(.)A F2(0)A F0(.)A F2 2.5(41)C(28)-2.5 E F0(.)A F2(32)A F0(.)A +F2(0)A F0(.)A F2(10 ucbhosts.re)A -.65(v.)-.25 G(bak).65 E 21.38 +(primary 0)132 373.8 R F0(.)A F2(0)A F0(.)A F2(127)A F0(.)A F2(in-addr)A +F0(.)A F2 18.07(arpa named)B F0(.)A F2(local)A(cache)132 385.8 Q F0(.) +32.78 E F2(root)99.16 E F0(.)A F2(cache)A F0 2.5(6.9.1.3. Caching)117 +418.2 R(Only Ser)2.5 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(r).1 E F2(;)132 438.6 Q 2.5(;B)132 +450.6 S(oot \214le for Caching Only Name Serv)-2.5 E(er)-.15 E(;)132 +462.6 Q 2.5(;t)132 483 S 26.1(ype domain)-2.5 F(source \214le or host) +71.66 E(;)132 495 Q 12.5(directory /usr/local/adm/named)132 507 R(cache) +132 519 Q F0(.)28.34 E F2(root)99.16 E F0(.)A F2(cache)A 16.94 +(primary 0)132 531 R F0(.)A F2(0)A F0(.)A F2(127)A F0(.)A F2(in-addr)A +F0(.)A F2 18.07(arpa named)B F0(.)A F2(local)A F0 2.5(6.9.2. 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Contact)-.1 F F3 +(<isc-)6.845 E(info@isc.or)72 228.6 Q(g>)-.37 E F2 .971(if your or)3.471 +F -.05(ga)-.18 G .972(nization w).05 F .972(ould lik)-.1 F 3.472(et)-.1 +G 3.472(op)-3.472 G .972(articipate in funding future releases of)-3.472 +F F4(BIND)3.472 E F2 .972(and other)3.472 F(freely redistrib)72 240.6 Q +(utable softw)-.2 E(are packages that are in wide use on the Internet.) +-.1 E F0 -.55(AC)197.495 276.6 S(KNO).55 E(WLEDGEMENTS \212 thr)-.5 E +(ough 4.9)-.18 E F2 .604(The alpha-test group w)97 292.8 R .604(as e)-.1 +F .603(xtremely helpful in furnishing impro)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .603 +(ments, \214nding and repairing b).15 F(ugs,)-.2 E .843 +(and being patient.)72 304.8 R 3.343(Iw)5.843 G .844(ould lik)-3.443 F +3.344(et)-.1 G 3.344(oe)-3.344 G .844 +(xpress special thanks to Brian Reid of Digital Equipment corporation) +-3.494 F .024(for funding this w)72 316.8 R 2.524(ork. Robert)-.1 F .023 +(Elz, Alan Barrett, P)2.524 F .023(aul Albitz, Bryan Beecher)-.15 F +2.523(,A)-.4 G(ndre)-2.523 E 2.523(wP)-.25 G .023(artan, Andy Cheren-) +-2.673 F 1.097(son, T)72 328.8 R 1.098(om Limoncelli, Berthold P)-.8 F +(af)-.15 E 1.098(frath, Fuat Baran, Anant K)-.25 F(umar)-.15 E 3.598(,A) +-.4 G 1.098(rt Harkin, W)-3.598 F 1.098(in T)-.4 F 1.098(reese, Don Le) +-.35 F(wis,)-.25 E 1.606(Christophe W)72 340.8 R 1.606 +(olfhugel, and a cast of dozens all helped out abo)-.8 F 1.906 -.15 +(ve a)-.15 H 1.606(nd be).15 F 1.606(yond the call of duty)-.15 F 6.605 +(.S)-.65 G(pecial)-6.605 E .702 +(thanks to Phil Almquist, who got the project started and contrib)72 +352.8 R .703(uted a lot of the code and \214x)-.2 F .703(ed se)-.15 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G .703(ral of).15 F(the w)72 364.8 Q(orst b)-.1 E(ugs.)-.2 +E F0 -.55(AC)193.745 400.8 S(KNO).55 E(WLEDGEMENTS \212 thr)-.5 E +(ough 4.8.3)-.18 E F2(Man)97 417 Q 2.916(yt)-.15 G .416 +(hanks to the users at U. C. Berk)-2.916 F(ele)-.1 E 2.916(yf)-.15 G +.416(or f)-2.916 F .415(alling into man)-.1 F 2.915(yo)-.15 G 2.915(ft) +-2.915 G .415(he holes in)-2.915 F -.2(vo)-.4 G(lv).2 E .415 +(ed with inte)-.15 F(grat-)-.15 E .467 +(ing BIND into the system so that others w)72 429 R .467 +(ould be spared the trauma.)-.1 F 2.968(Iw)5.468 G .468(ould also lik) +-3.068 F 2.968(et)-.1 G 2.968(oe)-2.968 G .468(xtend gratitude)-3.118 F +.461(to Jim McGinness and Digital Equipment Corporation for permitting \ +me to spend most of my time on this)72 441 R(project.)72 453 Q .924 +(Ralph Campbell, Doug Kingston, Craig P)97 469.2 R .925 +(artridge, Smoot Carl-Mitchell, Mik)-.15 F 3.425(eM)-.1 G .925 +(uuss and e)-3.425 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ryone).15 E .081(else on the D)72 +481.2 R(ARP)-.4 E 2.581(AI)-.92 G .081(nternet who has contrib)-2.581 F +.081(uted to the de)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .08(lopment of BIND.).15 F 1.68 +-.8(To t)5.08 H .08(he members of the orig-).8 F +(inal BIND project, Douglas T)72 493.2 Q(erry)-.7 E 2.5(,M)-.65 G(ark P) +-2.5 E(ainter)-.15 E 2.5(,D)-.4 G -.2(av)-2.5 G +(id Riggle and Songnian Zhou.).2 E 1.14 +(Anne Hughes, Jim Bloom and Kirk McK)97 509.4 R 1.14(usick and the man) +-.15 F 3.64(yo)-.15 G 1.14(thers who ha)-3.64 F 1.44 -.15(ve r)-.2 H +-.25(ev).15 G(ie).25 E 1.14(wed this paper)-.25 F(gi)72 521.4 Q +(ving considerable advice.)-.25 E 1.021(This w)97 537.6 R 1.021(ork w) +-.1 F 1.021(as sponsored by the Defense Adv)-.1 F 1.021 +(anced Research Projects Agenc)-.25 F 3.52(y\()-.15 G 1.02 +(DoD\), Arpa Order)-3.52 F .786(No. 4871 monitored by the Na)72 549.6 R +-.25(va)-.2 G 3.287(lE).25 G .787 +(lectronics Systems Command under contract No. N00039-84-C-0089.)-3.287 +F 1.21(The vie)72 561.6 R 1.209(ws and conclusions contained in this do\ +cument are those of the authors and should not be inter)-.25 F(-)-.2 E +2.264(preted as representing of)72 573.6 R 2.264 +(\214cial policies, either e)-.25 F 2.265 +(xpressed or implied, of the Defense Research Projects)-.15 F(Agenc)72 +585.6 Q 1.3 -.65(y, o)-.15 H 2.5(ft).65 G(he US Go)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G +(rnment, or of Digital Equipment Corporation.).15 E EP +%%Page: 29 29 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Name Ser)72 60 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G 2.5(rO).1 G +(perations Guide f)-2.5 E(or)-.25 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 206.564 +(BIND SMM)2.5 F F0(:10-29)A(REFERENCES)254.385 96 Q/F2 10/Times-Roman@0 +SF 36.73([Birrell] Birrell,)72 124.2 R .001(A. D., Le)2.501 F .001 +(vin, R., Needham, R. M., and Schroeder)-.25 F 2.501(,M)-.4 G +(.D., \231Grape)-2.501 E(vine: An Ex)-.25 E(ercise)-.15 E(in Distrib)144 +136.2 Q(uted Computing.)-.2 E 5<9a49>-.7 G(n)-5 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 +SF(Comm. A.C.M. 25,)2.5 E F2(4:260-274 April 1982.)2.5 E 28.94 +([RFC819] Su,)72 152.4 R 4.586(Z. Postel,)4.586 F 2.086 +(J., \231The Domain Naming Con)4.586 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 2.087 +(ntion for Internet User Applications.).15 F<9a>-.7 E F3 2.925 +(Internet Request F)144 164.4 R 2.925(or Comment 819)-1.05 F F2(Netw) +5.424 E 2.924(ork Information Center)-.1 F 5.424(,S)-.4 G 2.924 +(RI International,)-5.424 F(Menlo P)144 176.4 Q(ark, California.)-.15 E +(August 1982.)5 E 28.94([RFC974] P)72 192.6 R .933 +(artridge, C., \231Mail Routing and The Domain System.)-.15 F<9a>-.7 E +F3 .933(Internet Request F)5.933 F .933(or Comment)-1.05 F(974)144 204.6 +Q F2(Netw)3.998 E 1.498(ork Information Center)-.1 F 3.998(,S)-.4 G +1.498(RI International, Menlo P)-3.998 F 1.497(ark, California.)-.15 F +(February)6.497 E(1986.)144 216.6 Q 23.94([RFC1032] Stahl,)72 232.8 R +.202(M., \231Domain Administrators Guide\232)2.702 F F3 .202 +(Internet Request F)2.702 F .202(or Comment 1032)-1.05 F F2(Netw)2.702 E +(ork)-.1 E(Information Center)144 244.8 Q 2.5(,S)-.4 G +(RI International, Menlo P)-2.5 E(ark, California.)-.15 E(No)5 E -.15 +(ve)-.15 G(mber 1987.).15 E 23.94([RFC1033] Lottor)72 261 R 4.01(,M)-.4 +G 1.51(., \231Domain Administrators Guide\232)-4.01 F F3 1.51 +(Internet Request F)4.01 F 1.51(or Comment 1033)-1.05 F F2(Net-)4.01 E +-.1(wo)144 273 S(rk Information Center).1 E 2.5(,S)-.4 G +(RI International, Menlo P)-2.5 E(ark, California.)-.15 E(No)5 E -.15 +(ve)-.15 G(mber 1987.).15 E 23.94([RFC1034] Mockapetris,)72 289.2 R +-1.11(P.)3.434 G 3.434<2c99>1.11 G .934(Domain Names - Concept and F) +-3.434 F(acilities.)-.15 E<9a>-.7 E F3 .935(Internet Request F)5.935 F +.935(or Com-)-1.05 F 3.072(ment 1034)144 301.2 R F2(Netw)5.571 E 3.071 +(ork Information Center)-.1 F 5.571(,S)-.4 G 3.071 +(RI International, Menlo P)-5.571 F 3.071(ark, California.)-.15 F(No)144 +313.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 1987.).15 E 23.94([RFC1035] Mockapetris,)72 +329.4 R -1.11(P.)3.138 G 3.139<2c99>1.11 G .639 +(Domain Names - Implementation and Speci\214cation.)-3.139 F<9a>-.7 E F3 +.639(Internet Request)5.639 F -1.05(Fo)144 341.4 S 2.889(rC)1.05 G .389 +(omment 1035)-2.889 F F2(Netw)2.889 E .389(ork Information Center)-.1 F +2.889(,S)-.4 G .389(RI International, Menlo P)-2.889 F .389 +(ark, Califor)-.15 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(nia. No)144 353.4 R -.15(ve)-.15 G +(mber 1987.).15 E 23.94([RFC1101] Mockapetris,)72 369.6 R -1.11(P.)2.853 +G 2.853<2c99>1.11 G .353(DNS Encoding of Netw)-2.853 F .354 +(ork Names and Other T)-.1 F(ypes.)-.8 E<9a>-.7 E F3 .354 +(Internet Request)5.354 F -1.05(Fo)144 381.6 S 2.889(rC)1.05 G .389 +(omment 1101)-2.889 F F2(Netw)2.889 E .389(ork Information Center)-.1 F +2.889(,S)-.4 G .389(RI International, Menlo P)-2.889 F .389 +(ark, Califor)-.15 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(nia. April)144 393.6 R(1989.)2.5 E +23.94([RFC1123] R.)72 409.8 R .293(Braden, Editor)2.793 F 2.793<2c99>-.4 +G .294(Requirements for Internet Hosts -- Application and Support\232) +-2.793 F F3(Internet)2.794 E .369(Request F)144 421.8 R .369 +(or Comment 1123)-1.05 F F2(Netw)2.869 E .369(ork Information Center)-.1 +F 2.869(,S)-.4 G .369(RI International, Menlo P)-2.869 F(ark,)-.15 E 2.5 +(California. October)144 433.8 R(1989.)2.5 E 23.94([RFC1183] Ev)72 450 R +1.525(erhart, C., Mamak)-.15 F 1.526 +(os, L., Ullmann, R., and Mockapetris, P)-.1 F 1.526(., \231Ne)-1.11 F +4.026(wD)-.25 G 1.526(NS RR De\214ni-)-4.026 F(tions\232)144 462 Q F3 +1.688(Internet Request F)4.188 F 1.688(or Comment 1183)-1.05 F F2(Netw) +4.188 E 1.688(ork Information Center)-.1 F 4.188(,S)-.4 G 1.688 +(RI Interna-)-4.188 F(tional, Menlo P)144 474 Q(ark, California.)-.15 E +(October 1990.)5 E 23.94([RFC1327] Hardcastle-Kille,)72 490.2 R .805 +(S., \231Mapping between X.400\(1988\) / ISO 10021 and RFC 822\232)3.305 +F F3(Inter)3.306 E(-)-.2 E 1.215(net Request F)144 502.2 R 1.215 +(or Comment 1327)-1.05 F F2(Netw)3.715 E 1.215(ork Information Center) +-.1 F 3.715(,S)-.4 G 1.215(RI International, Menlo)-3.715 F -.15(Pa)144 +514.2 S(rk, California.).15 E(May 1992.)5 E 23.94([RFC1664] Allocchio,) +72 530.4 R .14(C., Bonito, A., Cole, B., Giordano, S., Hagens, R., \231\ +Using the Internet DNS to)2.64 F(Distrib)144 542.4 Q .263 +(ute RFC1327 Mail Address Mapping T)-.2 F(ables\232)-.8 E F3 .263 +(Internet Request F)2.763 F .263(or Comment 1664)-1.05 F F2(Netw)144 +554.4 Q(ork Information Center)-.1 E 2.5(,S)-.4 G +(RI International, Menlo P)-2.5 E(ark, California.)-.15 E(August 1994.)5 +E 23.94([RFC1713] Romao,)72 570.6 R .173(A., \231T)2.673 F .173 +(ools for DNS deb)-.8 F(ugging\232)-.2 E F3 .173(Internet Request F) +2.673 F .174(or Comment 1713, also FYI27)-1.05 F F2(Netw)144 582.6 Q +.019(ork Information Center)-.1 F 2.519(,S)-.4 G .019 +(RI International, Menlo P)-2.519 F .019(ark, California.)-.15 F(No) +5.019 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .018(mber 1994.).15 F([T)72 598.8 Q 41.33 +(erry] T)-.7 F(erry)-.7 E 4.677(,D)-.65 G 4.677(.B)-4.677 G 2.178(., P) +-4.677 F(ainter)-.15 E 4.678(,M)-.4 G 2.178(., Riggle, D. W)-4.678 F +2.178(., and Zhou, S.,)-.92 F F3 2.178(The Berk)4.678 F(ele)-.1 E 4.678 +(yI)-.3 G 2.178(nternet Name)-4.678 F .747(Domain Server)144 610.8 R(.) +-1.11 E F2 .747(Proceedings USENIX Summer Conference, Salt Lak)5.747 F +3.247(eC)-.1 G(ity)-3.247 E 3.247(,U)-.65 G 3.247(tah. June)-3.247 F +(1984, pages 23-31.)144 622.8 Q 41.73([Zhou] Zhou,)72 639 R(S.,)2.745 E +F3 .246(The Design and Implementation of the Berk)2.745 F(ele)-.1 E +2.746(yI)-.3 G .246(nternet Name Domain \(BIND\))-2.746 F(Server)144 651 +Q(s.)-.1 E F2 .465(UCB/CSD 84/177.)5.465 F(Uni)5.465 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +.464(rsity of California, Berk).15 F(ele)-.1 E 1.764 -.65(y, C)-.15 H +.464(omputer Science Di).65 F(vi-)-.25 E 2.5(sion. May)144 663 R(1984.) +2.5 E 12.85([Mockapetris] Mockapetris,)72 679.2 R -1.11(P.)3.462 G 3.462 +(,D)1.11 G .962(unlap, K,)-3.462 F F3(De)3.463 E .963 +(velopment of the Domain Name System)-.15 F F2 -.4(AC)3.463 G 3.463(MC) +.4 G(omputer)-3.463 E 2.058(Communications Re)144 691.2 R(vie)-.25 E +4.558(w1)-.25 G 2.058(8, 4:123-133.)-4.558 F 2.057(Proceedings A)7.058 F +2.057(CM SIGCOMM '88)-.4 F(Sympo-)7.057 E(sium, August 1988.)144 703.2 Q +EP +%%Page: 30 30 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Bold@0 SF 203.87(SMM:10-30 Name)72 60 R(Ser)2.5 E -.1(ve) +-.1 G 2.5(rO).1 G(perations Guide f)-2.5 E(or)-.25 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 +SF(BIND)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 48.95([Liu] Liu,)72 96 R 1.09 +(C., Albitz, P)3.59 F(.,)-1.11 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF 1.09 +(DNS and BIND)3.59 F F2 1.09 +(O'Reilly & Associates, Sebastopol, CA, 502 pages,)3.59 F +(ISBN 0-937175-82-X 1992)144 108 Q EP +%%Trailer +end +%%EOF diff --git a/usr.sbin/named/doc/bog/manage.me b/usr.sbin/named/doc/bog/manage.me index 73b14eff007..c1e8084e984 100644 --- a/usr.sbin/named/doc/bog/manage.me +++ b/usr.sbin/named/doc/bog/manage.me @@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ .\" --Copyright-- .\" .\" @(#)manage.me 6.6 (Berkeley) 9/19/89 -.\" $Id: manage.me,v 1.1 1998/05/22 01:59:32 millert Exp $ +.\" $Id: manage.me,v 1.2 1998/05/22 02:42:11 millert Exp $ .\" .sh 1 "Domain Management" .pp |