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diff --git a/usr.bin/mandoc/mdoc.7 b/usr.bin/mandoc/mdoc.7 deleted file mode 100644 index 204066e617c..00000000000 --- a/usr.bin/mandoc/mdoc.7 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2868 +0,0 @@ -.\" $Id: mdoc.7,v 1.43 2010/08/01 00:09:48 schwarze Exp $ -.\" -.\" Copyright (c) 2009, 2010 Kristaps Dzonsons <kristaps@bsd.lv> -.\" Copyright (c) 2010 Ingo Schwarze <schwarze@openbsd.org> -.\" -.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any -.\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above -.\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies. -.\" -.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES -.\" WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF -.\" MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR -.\" ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES -.\" WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN -.\" ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF -.\" OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. -.\" -.Dd $Mdocdate: August 1 2010 $ -.Dt MDOC 7 -.Os -.Sh NAME -.Nm mdoc -.Nd mdoc language reference -.Sh DESCRIPTION -The -.Nm mdoc -language is used to format -.Bx -.Ux -manuals. -In this reference document, we describe its syntax, structure, and -usage. -Our reference implementation is mandoc; the -.Sx COMPATIBILITY -section describes compatibility with other troff \-mdoc implementations. -.Pp -An -.Nm -document follows simple rules: lines beginning with the control -character -.Sq \. -are parsed for macros. -Other lines are interpreted within the scope of -prior macros: -.Bd -literal -offset indent -\&.Sh Macro lines change control state. -Other lines are interpreted within the current state. -.Ed -.Sh LANGUAGE SYNTAX -.Nm -documents may contain only graphable 7-bit ASCII characters, the space -character, and, in certain circumstances, the tab character. -All manuals must have -.Ux -line terminators. -.Ss Comments -Text following a -.Sq \e\*q , -whether in a macro or free-form text line, is ignored to the end of -line. -A macro line with only a control character and comment escape, -.Sq \&.\e\*q , -is also ignored. -Macro lines with only a control character and optionally whitespace are -stripped from input. -.Ss Reserved Characters -Within a macro line, the following characters are reserved: -.Pp -.Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent -compact -.It \&. -.Pq period -.It \&, -.Pq comma -.It \&: -.Pq colon -.It \&; -.Pq semicolon -.It \&( -.Pq left-parenthesis -.It \&) -.Pq right-parenthesis -.It \&[ -.Pq left-bracket -.It \&] -.Pq right-bracket -.It \&? -.Pq question -.It \&! -.Pq exclamation -.It \&| -.Pq vertical bar -.El -.Pp -Use of reserved characters is described in -.Sx MACRO SYNTAX . -For general use in macro lines, these characters can either be escaped -with a non-breaking space -.Pq Sq \e& -or, if applicable, an appropriate escape sequence can be used. -.Ss Special Characters -Special characters may occur in both macro and free-form lines. -Sequences begin with the escape character -.Sq \e -followed by either an open-parenthesis -.Sq \&( -for two-character sequences; an open-bracket -.Sq \&[ -for n-character sequences (terminated at a close-bracket -.Sq \&] ) ; -or a single one-character sequence. -See -.Xr mandoc_char 7 -for a complete list. -Examples include -.Sq \e(em -.Pq em-dash -and -.Sq \ee -.Pq back-slash . -.Ss Text Decoration -Terms may be text-decorated using the -.Sq \ef -escape followed by an indicator: B (bold), I, (italic), R (Roman), or P -(revert to previous mode): -.Pp -.D1 \efBbold\efR \efIitalic\efP -.Pp -A numerical representation 3, 2, or 1 (bold, italic, and Roman, -respectively) may be used instead. -A text decoration is valid within -the current font scope only: if a macro opens a font scope alongside -its own scope, such as -.Sx \&Bf -.Cm \&Sy , -in-scope invocations of -.Sq \ef -are only valid within the font scope of the macro. -If -.Sq \ef -is specified outside of any font scope, such as in unenclosed, free-form -text, it will affect the remainder of the document. -.Pp -Note this form is -.Em not -recommended for -.Nm , -which encourages semantic annotation. -.Ss Predefined Strings -Historically, -.Xr groff 1 -also defined a set of package-specific -.Dq predefined strings , -which, like -.Sx Special Characters , -mark special output characters and strings by way of input codes. -Predefined strings are escaped with the slash-asterisk, -.Sq \e* : -single-character -.Sq \e*X , -two-character -.Sq \e*(XX , -and N-character -.Sq \e*[N] . -See -.Xr mandoc_char 7 -for a complete list. -Examples include -.Sq \e*(Am -.Pq ampersand -and -.Sq \e*(Ba -.Pq vertical bar . -.Ss Whitespace -Whitespace consists of the space character. -In free-form lines, whitespace is preserved within a line; un-escaped -trailing spaces are stripped from input (unless in a literal context). -Blank free-form lines, which may include whitespace, are only permitted -within literal contexts. -.Pp -In macro lines, whitespace delimits arguments and is discarded. -If arguments are quoted, whitespace within the quotes is retained. -.Ss Quotation -Macro arguments may be quoted with double-quotes to group -space-delimited terms or to retain blocks of whitespace. -A quoted argument begins with a double-quote preceded by whitespace. -The next double-quote not pair-wise adjacent to another double-quote -terminates the literal, regardless of surrounding whitespace. -.Pp -Note that any quoted text, even if it would cause a macro invocation -when unquoted, is considered literal text. -Thus, the following produces -.Sq Op "Fl a" : -.Bd -literal -offset indent -\&.Op "Fl a" -.Ed -.Pp -In free-form mode, quotes are regarded as opaque text. -.Ss Dates -There are several macros in -.Nm -that require a date argument. -The canonical form for dates is the American format: -.Pp -.D1 Cm Month Day , Year -.Pp -The -.Cm Day -value is an optionally zero-padded numeral. -The -.Cm Month -value is the full month name. -The -.Cm Year -value is the full four-digit year. -.Pp -Reduced form dates are broken-down canonical form dates: -.Pp -.D1 Cm Month , Year -.D1 Cm Year -.Pp -Some examples of valid dates follow: -.Pp -.D1 "May, 2009" Pq reduced form -.D1 "2009" Pq reduced form -.D1 "May 20, 2009" Pq canonical form -.Ss Scaling Widths -Many macros support scaled widths for their arguments, such as -stipulating a two-inch list indentation with the following: -.Bd -literal -offset indent -\&.Bl -tag -width 2i -.Ed -.Pp -The syntax for scaled widths is -.Sq Li [+-]?[0-9]*.[0-9]*[:unit:] , -where a decimal must be preceded or proceeded by at least one digit. -Negative numbers, while accepted, are truncated to zero. -The following scaling units are accepted: -.Pp -.Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent -compact -.It c -centimetre -.It i -inch -.It P -pica (~1/6 inch) -.It p -point (~1/72 inch) -.It f -synonym for -.Sq u -.It v -default vertical span -.It m -width of rendered -.Sq m -.Pq em -character -.It n -width of rendered -.Sq n -.Pq en -character -.It u -default horizontal span -.It M -mini-em (~1/100 em) -.El -.Pp -Using anything other than -.Sq m , -.Sq n , -.Sq u , -or -.Sq v -is necessarily non-portable across output media. -See -.Sx COMPATIBILITY . -.Ss Sentence Spacing -When composing a manual, make sure that your sentences end at the end of -a line. -By doing so, front-ends will be able to apply the proper amount of -spacing after the end of sentence (unescaped) period, exclamation mark, -or question mark followed by zero or more non-sentence closing -delimiters ( -.Ns Sq \&) , -.Sq \&] , -.Sq \&' , -.Sq \&" ) . -.Pp -The proper spacing is also intelligently preserved if a sentence ends at -the boundary of a macro line, e.g., -.Pp -.D1 \&Xr mandoc 1 \. -.D1 \&Fl T \&Ns \&Cm ascii \. -.Sh MANUAL STRUCTURE -A well-formed -.Nm -document consists of a document prologue followed by one or more -sections. -.Pp -The prologue, which consists of the -.Sx \&Dd , -.Sx \&Dt , -and -.Sx \&Os -macros in that order, is required for every document. -.Pp -The first section (sections are denoted by -.Sx \&Sh ) -must be the NAME section, consisting of at least one -.Sx \&Nm -followed by -.Sx \&Nd . -.Pp -Following that, convention dictates specifying at least the -.Em SYNOPSIS -and -.Em DESCRIPTION -sections, although this varies between manual sections. -.Pp -The following is a well-formed skeleton -.Nm -file: -.Bd -literal -offset indent -\&.Dd $\&Mdocdate$ -\&.Dt mdoc 7 -\&.Os -\&.Sh NAME -\&.Nm foo -\&.Nd a description goes here -\&.\e\*q The next is for sections 2, 3, & 9 only. -\&.\e\*q .Sh LIBRARY -\&.Sh SYNOPSIS -\&.Nm foo -\&.Op Fl options -\&.Ar -\&.Sh DESCRIPTION -The -\&.Nm -utility processes files ... -\&.\e\*q .Sh IMPLEMENTATION NOTES -\&.\e\*q The next is for sections 2, 3, & 9 only. -\&.\e\*q .Sh RETURN VALUES -\&.\e\*q The next is for sections 1, 6, 7, & 8 only. -\&.\e\*q .Sh ENVIRONMENT -\&.\e\*q .Sh FILES -\&.\e\*q The next is for sections 1 & 8 only. -\&.\e\*q .Sh EXIT STATUS -\&.\e\*q .Sh EXAMPLES -\&.\e\*q The next is for sections 1, 4, 6, 7, & 8 only. -\&.\e\*q .Sh DIAGNOSTICS -\&.\e\*q The next is for sections 2, 3, & 9 only. -\&.\e\*q .Sh ERRORS -\&.\e\*q .Sh SEE ALSO -\&.\e\*q .Xr foobar 1 -\&.\e\*q .Sh STANDARDS -\&.\e\*q .Sh HISTORY -\&.\e\*q .Sh AUTHORS -\&.\e\*q .Sh CAVEATS -\&.\e\*q .Sh BUGS -\&.\e\*q .Sh SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS -.Ed -.Pp -The sections in a -.Nm -document are conventionally ordered as they appear above. -Sections should be composed as follows: -.Bl -ohang -offset Ds -.It Em NAME -The name(s) and a one-line description of the documented material. -The syntax for this as follows: -.Bd -literal -offset indent -\&.Nm name0 -\&.Nm name1 -\&.Nm name2 -\&.Nd a one-line description -.Ed -.Pp -The -.Sx \&Nm -macro(s) must precede the -.Sx \&Nd -macro. -.Pp -See -.Sx \&Nm -and -.Sx \&Nd . -.It Em LIBRARY -The name of the library containing the documented material, which is -assumed to be a function in a section 2, 3, or 9 manual. -The syntax for this is as follows: -.Bd -literal -offset indent -\&.Lb libarm -.Ed -.Pp -See -.Sx \&Lb . -.It Em SYNOPSIS -Documents the utility invocation syntax, function call syntax, or device -configuration. -.Pp -For the first, utilities (sections 1, 6, and 8), this is -generally structured as follows: -.Bd -literal -offset indent -\&.Nm foo -\&.Op Fl v -\&.Op Fl o Ar file -\&.Op Ar -\&.Nm bar -\&.Op Fl v -\&.Op Fl o Ar file -\&.Op Ar -.Ed -.Pp -For the second, function calls (sections 2, 3, 9): -.Bd -literal -offset indent -\&.Vt extern const char *global; -\&.In header.h -\&.Ft "char *" -\&.Fn foo "const char *src" -\&.Ft "char *" -\&.Fn bar "const char *src" -.Ed -.Pp -And for the third, configurations (section 4): -.Bd -literal -offset indent -\&.Cd \*qit* at isa? port 0x2e\*q -\&.Cd \*qit* at isa? port 0x4e\*q -.Ed -.Pp -Manuals not in these sections generally don't need a -.Em SYNOPSIS . -.Pp -Some macros are displayed differently in the -.Em SYNOPSIS -section, particularly -.Sx \&Nm , -.Sx \&Cd , -.Sx \&Fd , -.Sx \&Fn , -.Sx \&Fo , -.Sx \&In , -.Sx \&Vt , -and -.Sx \&Ft . -All of these macros are output on their own line. -If two such dissimilar macros are pair-wise invoked (except for -.Sx \&Ft -before -.Sx \&Fo -or -.Sx \&Fn ) , -they are separated by a vertical space, unless in the case of -.Sx \&Fo , -.Sx \&Fn , -and -.Sx \&Ft , -which are always separated by vertical space. -.Pp -When text and macros following an -.Sx \&Nm -macro starting an input line span multiple output lines, -all output lines but the first will be indented to align -with the text immediately following the -.Sx \&Nm -macro, up to the next -.Sx \&Nm , -.Sx \&Sh , -or -.Sx \&Ss -macro or the end of an enclosing block, whichever comes first. -.It Em DESCRIPTION -This expands upon the brief, one-line description in -.Em NAME . -It usually contains a break-down of the options (if documenting a -command), such as: -.Bd -literal -offset indent -The arguments are as follows: -\&.Bl \-tag \-width Ds -\&.It Fl v -Print verbose information. -\&.El -.Ed -.Pp -Manuals not documenting a command won't include the above fragment. -.It Em IMPLEMENTATION NOTES -Implementation-specific notes should be kept here. -This is useful when implementing standard functions that may have side -effects or notable algorithmic implications. -.It Em RETURN VALUES -This section is the dual of -.Em EXIT STATUS , -which is used for commands. -It documents the return values of functions in sections 2, 3, and 9. -.Pp -See -.Sx \&Rv . -.It Em ENVIRONMENT -Lists the environment variables used by the utility, -and explains the syntax and semantics of their values. -The -.Xr environ 7 -manual provides examples of typical content and formatting. -.Pp -See -.Sx \&Ev . -.It Em FILES -Documents files used. -It's helpful to document both the file name and a short description of how -the file is used (created, modified, etc.). -.Pp -See -.Sx \&Pa . -.It Em EXIT STATUS -Command exit status for section 1, 6, and 8 manuals. -This section is the dual of -.Em RETURN VALUES , -which is used for functions. -Historically, this information was described in -.Em DIAGNOSTICS , -a practise that is now discouraged. -.Pp -See -.Sx \&Ex . -.It Em EXAMPLES -Example usages. -This often contains snippets of well-formed, well-tested invocations. -Make doubly sure that your examples work properly! -.It Em DIAGNOSTICS -Documents error conditions. -This is most useful in section 4 manuals. -Historically, this section was used in place of -.Em EXIT STATUS -for manuals in sections 1, 6, and 8; however, this practise is -discouraged. -.Pp -See -.Sx \&Bl -.Fl diag . -.It Em ERRORS -Documents error handling in sections 2, 3, and 9. -.Pp -See -.Sx \&Er . -.It Em SEE ALSO -References other manuals with related topics. -This section should exist for most manuals. -Cross-references should conventionally be ordered first by section, then -alphabetically. -.Pp -See -.Sx \&Xr . -.It Em STANDARDS -References any standards implemented or used. -If not adhering to any standards, the -.Em HISTORY -section should be used instead. -.Pp -See -.Sx \&St . -.It Em HISTORY -The history of any manual without a -.Em STANDARDS -section should be described in this section. -.It Em AUTHORS -Credits to authors, if applicable, should appear in this section. -Authors should generally be noted by both name and email address. -.Pp -See -.Sx \&An . -.It Em CAVEATS -Common misuses and misunderstandings should be explained -in this section. -.It Em BUGS -Known bugs, limitations and work-arounds should be described -in this section. -.It Em SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS -Documents any security precautions that operators should consider. -.El -.Sh MACRO SYNTAX -Macros are one to three three characters in length and begin with a -control character, -.Sq \&. , -at the beginning of the line. -An arbitrary amount of whitespace may sit between the control character -and the macro name. -Thus, the following are equivalent: -.Bd -literal -offset indent -\&.Pp -\&.\ \ \ \&Pp -.Ed -.Pp -The syntax of a macro depends on its classification. -In this section, -.Sq \-arg -refers to macro arguments, which may be followed by zero or more -.Sq parm -parameters; -.Sq \&Yo -opens the scope of a macro; and if specified, -.Sq \&Yc -closes it out. -.Pp -The -.Em Callable -column indicates that the macro may be called subsequent to the initial -line-macro. -If a macro is not callable, then its invocation after the initial line -macro is interpreted as opaque text, such that -.Sq \&.Fl \&Sh -produces -.Sq Fl \&Sh . -.Pp -The -.Em Parsed -column indicates whether the macro may be followed by further -(ostensibly callable) macros. -If a macro is not parsed, subsequent macro invocations on the line -will be interpreted as opaque text. -.Pp -The -.Em Scope -column, if applicable, describes closure rules. -.Ss Block full-explicit -Multi-line scope closed by an explicit closing macro. -All macros contains bodies; only -.Sx \&Bf -contains a head. -.Bd -literal -offset indent -\&.Yo \(lB\-arg \(lBparm...\(rB\(rB \(lBhead...\(rB -\(lBbody...\(rB -\&.Yc -.Ed -.Pp -.Bl -column -compact -offset indent "MacroX" "CallableX" "ParsedX" "closed by XXX" -.It Em Macro Ta Em Callable Ta Em Parsed Ta Em Scope -.It Sx \&Bd Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta closed by Sx \&Ed -.It Sx \&Bf Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta closed by Sx \&Ef -.It Sx \&Bk Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta closed by Sx \&Ek -.It Sx \&Bl Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta closed by Sx \&El -.It Sx \&Ed Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta opened by Sx \&Bd -.It Sx \&Ef Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta opened by Sx \&Bf -.It Sx \&Ek Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta opened by Sx \&Bk -.It Sx \&El Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta opened by Sx \&Bl -.El -.Ss Block full-implicit -Multi-line scope closed by end-of-file or implicitly by another macro. -All macros have bodies; some -.Po -.Sx \&It Fl bullet , -.Fl hyphen , -.Fl dash , -.Fl enum , -.Fl item -.Pc -don't have heads; only one -.Po -.Sx \&It -in -.Sx \&Bl Fl column -.Pc -has multiple heads. -.Bd -literal -offset indent -\&.Yo \(lB\-arg \(lBparm...\(rB\(rB \(lBhead... \(lBTa head...\(rB\(rB -\(lBbody...\(rB -.Ed -.Pp -.Bl -column -compact -offset indent "MacroX" "CallableX" "ParsedX" "closed by XXXXXXXXXXX" -.It Em Macro Ta Em Callable Ta Em Parsed Ta Em Scope -.It Sx \&It Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta closed by Sx \&It , Sx \&El -.It Sx \&Nd Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta closed by Sx \&Sh -.It Sx \&Nm Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta closed by Sx \&Nm , Sx \&Sh , Sx \&Ss -.It Sx \&Sh Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta closed by Sx \&Sh -.It Sx \&Ss Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta closed by Sx \&Sh , Sx \&Ss -.El -.Pp -Note that the -.Sx \&Nm -macro is a -.Sx Block full-implicit -macro only when invoked as the first macro -in a -.Em SYNOPSIS -section line, else it is -.Sx In-line . -.Ss Block partial-explicit -Like block full-explicit, but also with single-line scope. -Each has at least a body and, in limited circumstances, a head -.Po -.Sx \&Fo , -.Sx \&Eo -.Pc -and/or tail -.Pq Sx \&Ec . -.Bd -literal -offset indent -\&.Yo \(lB\-arg \(lBparm...\(rB\(rB \(lBhead...\(rB -\(lBbody...\(rB -\&.Yc \(lBtail...\(rB - -\&.Yo \(lB\-arg \(lBparm...\(rB\(rB \(lBhead...\(rB \ -\(lBbody...\(rB \&Yc \(lBtail...\(rB -.Ed -.Pp -.Bl -column "MacroX" "CallableX" "ParsedX" "closed by XXXX" -compact -offset indent -.It Em Macro Ta Em Callable Ta Em Parsed Ta Em Scope -.It Sx \&Ac Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta opened by Sx \&Ao -.It Sx \&Ao Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta closed by Sx \&Ac -.It Sx \&Bc Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta closed by Sx \&Bo -.It Sx \&Bo Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta opened by Sx \&Bc -.It Sx \&Brc Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta opened by Sx \&Bro -.It Sx \&Bro Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta closed by Sx \&Brc -.It Sx \&Dc Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta opened by Sx \&Do -.It Sx \&Do Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta closed by Sx \&Dc -.It Sx \&Ec Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta opened by Sx \&Eo -.It Sx \&Eo Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta closed by Sx \&Ec -.It Sx \&Fc Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta opened by Sx \&Fo -.It Sx \&Fo Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta closed by Sx \&Fc -.It Sx \&Oc Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta closed by Sx \&Oo -.It Sx \&Oo Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta opened by Sx \&Oc -.It Sx \&Pc Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta closed by Sx \&Po -.It Sx \&Po Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta opened by Sx \&Pc -.It Sx \&Qc Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta opened by Sx \&Oo -.It Sx \&Qo Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta closed by Sx \&Oc -.It Sx \&Re Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta opened by Sx \&Rs -.It Sx \&Rs Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta closed by Sx \&Re -.It Sx \&Sc Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta opened by Sx \&So -.It Sx \&So Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta closed by Sx \&Sc -.It Sx \&Xc Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta opened by Sx \&Xo -.It Sx \&Xo Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta closed by Sx \&Xc -.El -.Ss Block partial-implicit -Like block full-implicit, but with single-line scope closed by -.Sx Reserved Characters -or end of line. -.Bd -literal -offset indent -\&.Yo \(lB\-arg \(lBval...\(rB\(rB \(lBbody...\(rB \(lBres...\(rB -.Ed -.Pp -.Bl -column "MacroX" "CallableX" "ParsedX" -compact -offset indent -.It Em Macro Ta Em Callable Ta Em Parsed -.It Sx \&Aq Ta Yes Ta Yes -.It Sx \&Bq Ta Yes Ta Yes -.It Sx \&Brq Ta Yes Ta Yes -.It Sx \&D1 Ta \&No Ta \&Yes -.It Sx \&Dl Ta \&No Ta Yes -.It Sx \&Dq Ta Yes Ta Yes -.It Sx \&Op Ta Yes Ta Yes -.It Sx \&Pq Ta Yes Ta Yes -.It Sx \&Ql Ta Yes Ta Yes -.It Sx \&Qq Ta Yes Ta Yes -.It Sx \&Sq Ta Yes Ta Yes -.It Sx \&Vt Ta Yes Ta Yes -.El -.Pp -Note that the -.Sx \&Vt -macro is a -.Sx Block partial-implicit -only when invoked as the first macro -in a -.Em SYNOPSIS -section line, else it is -.Sx In-line . -.Ss In-line -Closed by -.Sx Reserved Characters , -end of line, fixed argument lengths, and/or subsequent macros. -In-line macros have only text children. -If a number (or inequality) of arguments is -.Pq n , -then the macro accepts an arbitrary number of arguments. -.Bd -literal -offset indent -\&.Yo \(lB\-arg \(lBval...\(rB\(rB \(lBargs...\(rB \(lbres...\(rb - -\&.Yo \(lB\-arg \(lBval...\(rB\(rB \(lBargs...\(rB Yc... - -\&.Yo \(lB\-arg \(lBval...\(rB\(rB arg0 arg1 argN -.Ed -.Pp -.Bl -column "MacroX" "CallableX" "ParsedX" "Arguments" -compact -offset indent -.It Em Macro Ta Em Callable Ta Em Parsed Ta Em Arguments -.It Sx \&%A Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta >0 -.It Sx \&%B Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta >0 -.It Sx \&%C Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta >0 -.It Sx \&%D Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta >0 -.It Sx \&%I Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta >0 -.It Sx \&%J Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta >0 -.It Sx \&%N Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta >0 -.It Sx \&%O Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta >0 -.It Sx \&%P Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta >0 -.It Sx \&%Q Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta >0 -.It Sx \&%R Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta >0 -.It Sx \&%T Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta >0 -.It Sx \&%U Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta >0 -.It Sx \&%V Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta >0 -.It Sx \&Ad Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta n -.It Sx \&An Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta n -.It Sx \&Ap Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta 0 -.It Sx \&Ar Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta n -.It Sx \&At Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta 1 -.It Sx \&Bsx Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta n -.It Sx \&Bt Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta 0 -.It Sx \&Bx Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta n -.It Sx \&Cd Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta >0 -.It Sx \&Cm Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta n -.It Sx \&Db Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta 1 -.It Sx \&Dd Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta n -.It Sx \&Dt Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta n -.It Sx \&Dv Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta n -.It Sx \&Dx Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta n -.It Sx \&Em Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta >0 -.It Sx \&En Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta 0 -.It Sx \&Er Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta >0 -.It Sx \&Es Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta 0 -.It Sx \&Ev Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta n -.It Sx \&Ex Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta n -.It Sx \&Fa Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta n -.It Sx \&Fd Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta >0 -.It Sx \&Fl Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta n -.It Sx \&Fn Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta >0 -.It Sx \&Fr Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta n -.It Sx \&Ft Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta n -.It Sx \&Fx Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta n -.It Sx \&Hf Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta n -.It Sx \&Ic Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta >0 -.It Sx \&In Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta n -.It Sx \&Lb Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta 1 -.It Sx \&Li Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta n -.It Sx \&Lk Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta n -.It Sx \&Lp Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta 0 -.It Sx \&Ms Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta >0 -.It Sx \&Mt Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta >0 -.It Sx \&Nm Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta n -.It Sx \&No Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta 0 -.It Sx \&Ns Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta 0 -.It Sx \&Nx Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta n -.It Sx \&Os Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta n -.It Sx \&Ot Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta n -.It Sx \&Ox Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta n -.It Sx \&Pa Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta n -.It Sx \&Pf Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta 1 -.It Sx \&Pp Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta 0 -.It Sx \&Rv Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta n -.It Sx \&Sm Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta 1 -.It Sx \&St Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta 1 -.It Sx \&Sx Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta >0 -.It Sx \&Sy Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta >0 -.It Sx \&Tn Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta >0 -.It Sx \&Ud Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta 0 -.It Sx \&Ux Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta n -.It Sx \&Va Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta n -.It Sx \&Vt Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta >0 -.It Sx \&Xr Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta >0 -.It Sx \&br Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta 0 -.It Sx \&sp Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta 1 -.El -.Sh REFERENCE -This section is a canonical reference of all macros, arranged -alphabetically. -For the scoping of individual macros, see -.Sx MACRO SYNTAX . -.Ss \&%A -Author name of an -.Sx \&Rs -block. -Multiple authors should each be accorded their own -.Sx \%%A -line. -Author names should be ordered with full or abbreviated forename(s) -first, then full surname. -.Ss \&%B -Book title of an -.Sx \&Rs -block. -This macro may also be used in a non-bibliographic context when -referring to book titles. -.Ss \&%C -Publication city or location of an -.Sx \&Rs -block. -.Pp -.Em Remarks : -this macro is not implemented in -.Xr groff 1 . -.Ss \&%D -Publication date of an -.Sx \&Rs -block. -This should follow the reduced or canonical form syntax described in -.Sx Dates . -.Ss \&%I -Publisher or issuer name of an -.Sx \&Rs -block. -.Ss \&%J -Journal name of an -.Sx \&Rs -block. -.Ss \&%N -Issue number (usually for journals) of an -.Sx \&Rs -block. -.Ss \&%O -Optional information of an -.Sx \&Rs -block. -.Ss \&%P -Book or journal page number of an -.Sx \&Rs -block. -.Ss \&%Q -Institutional author (school, government, etc.) of an -.Sx \&Rs -block. -Multiple institutional authors should each be accorded their own -.Sx \&%Q -line. -.Ss \&%R -Technical report name of an -.Sx \&Rs -block. -.Ss \&%T -Article title of an -.Sx \&Rs -block. -This macro may also be used in a non-bibliographical context when -referring to article titles. -.Ss \&%U -URI of reference document. -.Ss \&%V -Volume number of an -.Sx \&Rs -block. -.Ss \&Ac -Close an -.Sx \&Ao -block. -Does not have any tail arguments. -.Ss \&Ad -Memory address. -Do not use this for postal addresses. -.Pp -Examples: -.D1 \&.Ad [0,$] -.D1 \&.Ad 0x00000000 -.Ss \&An -Author name. -Requires either the name of an author or one of the following arguments: -.Pp -.Bl -tag -width "-nosplitX" -offset indent -compact -.It Fl split -Start a new output line before each subsequent invocation of -.Sx \&An . -.It Fl nosplit -The opposite of -.Fl split . -.El -.Pp -The default is -.Fl nosplit . -The effect of selecting either of the -.Fl split -modes ends at the beginning of the -.Em AUTHORS -section. -In the -.Em AUTHORS -section, the default is -.Fl nosplit -for the first author listing and -.Fl split -for all other author listings. -.Pp -Examples: -.D1 \&.An -nosplit -.D1 \&.An Kristaps Dzonsons \&Aq kristaps@bsd.lv -.Ss \&Ao -Begin a block enclosed by angle brackets. -Does not have any head arguments. -.Pp -Examples: -.D1 \&.Fl -key= \&Ns \&Ao \&Ar val \&Ac -.Pp -See also -.Sx \&Aq . -.Ss \&Ap -Inserts an apostrophe without any surrounding whitespace. -This is generally used as a grammatical device when referring to the verb -form of a function. -.Pp -Examples: -.D1 \&.Fn execve \&Ap d -.Ss \&Aq -Encloses its arguments in angle brackets. -.Pp -Examples: -.D1 \&.Fl -key= \&Ns \&Aq \&Ar val -.Pp -.Em Remarks : -this macro is often abused for rendering URIs, which should instead use -.Sx \&Lk -or -.Sx \&Mt , -or to note pre-processor -.Dq Li #include -statements, which should use -.Sx \&In . -.Pp -See also -.Sx \&Ao . -.Ss \&Ar -Command arguments. -If an argument is not provided, the string -.Dq file ...\& -is used as a default. -.Pp -Examples: -.D1 \&.Fl o \&Ns \&Ar file1 -.D1 \&.Ar -.D1 \&.Ar arg1 , arg2 . -.Ss \&At -Formats an AT&T version. -Accepts one optional argument: -.Pp -.Bl -tag -width "v[1-7] | 32vX" -offset indent -compact -.It Cm v[1-7] | 32v -A version of -.At . -.It Cm V[.[1-4]]? -A version of -.At V . -.El -.Pp -Note that these arguments do not begin with a hyphen. -.Pp -Examples: -.D1 \&.At -.D1 \&.At V.1 -.Pp -See also -.Sx \&Bsx , -.Sx \&Bx , -.Sx \&Dx , -.Sx \&Fx , -.Sx \&Nx , -.Sx \&Ox , -and -.Sx \&Ux . -.Ss \&Bc -Close a -.Sx \&Bo -block. -Does not have any tail arguments. -.Ss \&Bd -Begin a display block. -Its syntax is as follows: -.Bd -ragged -offset indent -.Pf \. Sx \&Bd -.Fl Ns Ar type -.Op Fl offset Ar width -.Op Fl compact -.Ed -.Pp -Display blocks are used to select a different indentation and -justification than the one used by the surrounding text. -They may contain both macro lines and free-form text lines. -By default, a display block is preceded by a vertical space. -.Pp -The -.Ar type -must be one of the following: -.Bl -tag -width 13n -offset indent -.It Fl centered -Centre-justify each line. -Using this display type is not recommended; many -.Nm -implementations render it poorly. -.It Fl filled -Left- and right-justify the block. -.It Fl literal -Do not justify the block at all. -Preserve white space as it appears in the input. -.It Fl ragged -Only left-justify the block. -.It Fl unfilled -An alias for -.Fl literal . -.El -.Pp -The -.Ar type -must be provided first. -Additional arguments may follow: -.Bl -tag -width 13n -offset indent -.It Fl offset Ar width -Indent the display by the -.Ar width , -which may be one of the following: -.Bl -item -.It -One of the pre-defined strings -.Cm indent , -the width of standard indentation; -.Cm indent-two , -twice -.Cm indent ; -.Cm left , -which has no effect; -.Cm right , -which justifies to the right margin; or -.Cm center , -which aligns around an imagined centre axis. -.It -A macro invocation, which selects a predefined width -associated with that macro. -The most popular is the imaginary macro -.Ar \&Ds , -which resolves to -.Sy 6n . -.It -A width using the syntax described in -.Sx Scaling Widths . -.It -An arbitrary string, which indents by the length of this string. -.El -.Pp -When the argument is missing, -.Fl offset -is ignored. -.It Fl compact -Do not assert vertical space before the display. -.El -.Pp -Examples: -.Bd -literal -offset indent -\&.Bd \-literal \-offset indent \-compact - Hello world. -\&.Ed -.Ed -.Pp -See also -.Sx \&D1 -and -.Sx \&Dl . -.Ss \&Bf -Change the font mode for a scoped block of text. -Its syntax is as follows: -.Bd -ragged -offset indent -.Pf \. Sx \&Bf -.Oo -.Fl emphasis | literal | symbolic | -.Cm \&Em | \&Li | \&Sy -.Oc -.Ed -.Pp -The -.Fl emphasis -and -.Cm \&Em -argument are equivalent, as are -.Fl symbolic -and -.Cm \&Sy, -and -.Fl literal -and -.Cm \&Li . -Without an argument, this macro does nothing. -The font mode continues until broken by a new font mode in a nested -scope or -.Sx \&Ef -is encountered. -.Pp -See also -.Sx \&Li , -.Sx \&Ef , -.Sx \&Em , -and -.Sx \&Sy . -.Ss \&Bk -Keep the output generated from each macro input line together -on one single output line. -Line breaks in free-form text lines are unaffected. -The syntax is as follows: -.Pp -.D1 Pf \. Sx \&Bk Fl words -.Pp -The -.Fl words -argument is required; additional arguments are ignored. -.Pp -The following example will not break within each -.Sx \&Op -macro line: -.Bd -literal -offset indent -\&.Bk \-words -\&.Op Fl f Ar flags -\&.Op Fl o Ar output -\&.Ek -.Ed -.Pp -Be careful in using over-long lines within a keep block! -Doing so will clobber the right margin. -.Ss \&Bl -Begin a list. -Lists consist of items started by the -.Sx \&It -macro, containing a head or a body or both. -The list syntax is as follows: -.Bd -ragged -offset indent -.Pf \. Sx \&Bl -.Fl Ns Ar type -.Op Fl width Ar val -.Op Fl offset Ar val -.Op Fl compact -.Op HEAD ... -.Ed -.Pp -The list -.Ar type -is mandatory and must be specified first. -The -.Fl width -and -.Fl offset -arguments accept -.Sx Scaling Widths -or use the length of the given string. -The -.Fl offset -is a global indentation for the whole list, affecting both item heads -and bodies. -For those list types supporting it, the -.Fl width -argument requests an additional indentation of item bodies, -to be added to the -.Fl offset . -Unless the -.Fl compact -argument is specified, list entries are separated by vertical space. -.Pp -A list must specify one of the following list types: -.Bl -tag -width 12n -offset indent -.It Fl bullet -No item heads can be specified, but a bullet will be printed at the head -of each item. -Item bodies start on the same output line as the bullet -and are indented according to the -.Fl width -argument. -.It Fl column -A columnated list. -The -.Fl width -argument has no effect; instead, each argument specifies the width -of one column, using either the -.Sx Scaling Widths -syntax or the string length of the argument. -If the first line of the body of a -.Fl column -list is not an -.Sx \&It -macro line, -.Sx \&It -contexts spanning one input line each are implied until an -.Sx \&It -macro line is encountered, at which point items start being interpreted as -described in the -.Sx \&It -documentation. -.It Fl dash -Like -.Fl bullet , -except that dashes are used in place of bullets. -.It Fl diag -Like -.Fl inset , -except that item heads are not parsed for macro invocations. -.\" but with additional formatting to the head. -.It Fl enum -A numbered list. -Formatted like -.Fl bullet , -except that cardinal numbers are used in place of bullets, -starting at 1. -.It Fl hang -Like -.Fl tag , -except that the first lines of item bodies are not indented, but follow -the item heads like in -.Fl inset -lists. -.It Fl hyphen -Synonym for -.Fl dash . -.It Fl inset -Item bodies follow items heads on the same line, using normal inter-word -spacing. -Bodies are not indented, and the -.Fl width -argument is ignored. -.It Fl item -No item heads can be specified, and none are printed. -Bodies are not indented, and the -.Fl width -argument is ignored. -.It Fl ohang -Item bodies start on the line following item heads and are not indented. -The -.Fl width -argument is ignored. -.It Fl tag -Item bodies are indented according to the -.Fl width -argument. -When an item head fits inside the indentation, the item body follows -this head on the same output line. -Otherwise, the body starts on the output line following the head. -.El -.Pp -See also -.Sx \&El -and -.Sx \&It . -.Ss \&Bo -Begin a block enclosed by square brackets. -Does not have any head arguments. -.Pp -Examples: -.Bd -literal -offset indent -compact -\&.Bo 1 , -\&.Dv BUFSIZ \&Bc -.Ed -.Pp -See also -.Sx \&Bq . -.Ss \&Bq -Encloses its arguments in square brackets. -.Pp -Examples: -.D1 \&.Bq 1 , \&Dv BUFSIZ -.Pp -.Em Remarks : -this macro is sometimes abused to emulate optional arguments for -commands; the correct macros to use for this purpose are -.Sx \&Op , -.Sx \&Oo , -and -.Sx \&Oc . -.Pp -See also -.Sx \&Bo . -.Ss \&Brc -Close a -.Sx \&Bro -block. -Does not have any tail arguments. -.Ss \&Bro -Begin a block enclosed by curly braces. -Does not have any head arguments. -.Pp -Examples: -.Bd -literal -offset indent -compact -\&.Bro 1 , ... , -\&.Va n \&Brc -.Ed -.Pp -See also -.Sx \&Brq . -.Ss \&Brq -Encloses its arguments in curly braces. -.Pp -Examples: -.D1 \&.Brq 1 , ... , \&Va n -.Pp -See also -.Sx \&Bro . -.Ss \&Bsx -Format the BSD/OS version provided as an argument, or a default value if -no argument is provided. -.Pp -Examples: -.D1 \&.Bsx 1.0 -.D1 \&.Bsx -.Pp -See also -.Sx \&At , -.Sx \&Bx , -.Sx \&Dx , -.Sx \&Fx , -.Sx \&Nx , -.Sx \&Ox , -and -.Sx \&Ux . -.Ss \&Bt -Prints -.Dq is currently in beta test. -.Ss \&Bx -Format the BSD version provided as an argument, or a default value if no -argument is provided. -.Pp -Examples: -.D1 \&.Bx 4.4 -.D1 \&.Bx -.Pp -See also -.Sx \&At , -.Sx \&Bsx , -.Sx \&Dx , -.Sx \&Fx , -.Sx \&Nx , -.Sx \&Ox , -and -.Sx \&Ux . -.Ss \&Cd -Kernel configuration declaration. -This denotes strings accepted by -.Xr config 8 . -.Pp -Examples: -.D1 \&.Cd device le0 at scode? -.Pp -.Em Remarks : -this macro is commonly abused by using quoted literals to retain -whitespace and align consecutive -.Sx \&Cd -declarations. -This practise is discouraged. -.Ss \&Cm -Command modifiers. -Useful when specifying configuration options or keys. -.Pp -Examples: -.D1 \&.Cm ControlPath -.D1 \&.Cm ControlMaster -.Pp -See also -.Sx \&Fl . -.Ss \&D1 -One-line indented display. -This is formatted by the default rules and is useful for simple indented -statements. -It is followed by a newline. -.Pp -Examples: -.D1 \&.D1 \&Fl abcdefgh -.Pp -See also -.Sx \&Bd -and -.Sx \&Dl . -.Ss \&Db -Switch debugging mode. -Its syntax is as follows: -.Pp -.D1 Pf \. Sx \&Db Cm on | off -.Pp -This macro is ignored by -.Xr mandoc 1 . -.Ss \&Dc -Close a -.Sx \&Do -block. -Does not have any tail arguments. -.Ss \&Dd -Document date. -This is the mandatory first macro of any -.Nm -manual. -Its syntax is as follows: -.Pp -.D1 Pf \. Sx \&Dd Op Ar date -.Pp -The -.Ar date -may be either -.Ar $\&Mdocdate$ , -which signifies the current manual revision date dictated by -.Xr cvs 1 , -or instead a valid canonical date as specified by -.Sx Dates . -If a date does not conform or is empty, the current date is used. -.Pp -Examples: -.D1 \&.Dd $\&Mdocdate$ -.D1 \&.Dd $\&Mdocdate: July 21 2007$ -.D1 \&.Dd July 21, 2007 -.Pp -See also -.Sx \&Dt -and -.Sx \&Os . -.Ss \&Dl -One-line intended display. -This is formatted as literal text and is useful for commands and -invocations. -It is followed by a newline. -.Pp -Examples: -.D1 \&.Dl % mandoc mdoc.7 \e(ba less -.Pp -See also -.Sx \&Bd -and -.Sx \&D1 . -.Ss \&Do -Begin a block enclosed by double quotes. -Does not have any head arguments. -.Pp -Examples: -.Bd -literal -offset indent -compact -\&.Do -April is the cruellest month -\&.Dc -\e(em T.S. Eliot -.Ed -.Pp -See also -.Sx \&Dq . -.Ss \&Dq -Encloses its arguments in -.Dq typographic -double-quotes. -.Pp -Examples: -.Bd -literal -offset indent -compact -\&.Dq April is the cruellest month -\e(em T.S. Eliot -.Ed -.Pp -See also -.Sx \&Qq , -.Sx \&Sq , -and -.Sx \&Do . -.Ss \&Dt -Document title. -This is the mandatory second macro of any -.Nm -file. -Its syntax is as follows: -.Bd -ragged -offset indent -.Pf \. Sx \&Dt -.Oo -.Ar title -.Oo -.Ar section -.Op Ar volume | arch -.Oc -.Oc -.Ed -.Pp -Its arguments are as follows: -.Bl -tag -width Ds -offset Ds -.It Ar title -The document's title (name), defaulting to -.Dq UNKNOWN -if unspecified. -It should be capitalised. -.It Ar section -The manual section. -This may be one of -.Ar 1 -.Pq utilities , -.Ar 2 -.Pq system calls , -.Ar 3 -.Pq libraries , -.Ar 3p -.Pq Perl libraries , -.Ar 4 -.Pq devices , -.Ar 5 -.Pq file formats , -.Ar 6 -.Pq games , -.Ar 7 -.Pq miscellaneous , -.Ar 8 -.Pq system utilities , -.Ar 9 -.Pq kernel functions , -.Ar X11 -.Pq X Window System , -.Ar X11R6 -.Pq X Window System , -.Ar unass -.Pq unassociated , -.Ar local -.Pq local system , -.Ar draft -.Pq draft manual , -or -.Ar paper -.Pq paper . -It should correspond to the manual's filename suffix and defaults to -.Dq 1 -if unspecified. -.It Ar volume -This overrides the volume inferred from -.Ar section . -This field is optional, and if specified, must be one of -.Ar USD -.Pq users' supplementary documents , -.Ar PS1 -.Pq programmers' supplementary documents , -.Ar AMD -.Pq administrators' supplementary documents , -.Ar SMM -.Pq system managers' manuals , -.Ar URM -.Pq users' reference manuals , -.Ar PRM -.Pq programmers' reference manuals , -.Ar KM -.Pq kernel manuals , -.Ar IND -.Pq master index , -.Ar MMI -.Pq master index , -.Ar LOCAL -.Pq local manuals , -.Ar LOC -.Pq local manuals , -or -.Ar CON -.Pq contributed manuals . -.It Ar arch -This specifies a specific relevant architecture. -If -.Ar volume -is not provided, it may be used in its place, else it may be used -subsequent that. -It, too, is optional. -It must be one of -.Ar alpha , -.Ar amd64 , -.Ar amiga , -.Ar arc , -.Ar arm , -.Ar armish , -.Ar aviion , -.Ar hp300 , -.Ar hppa , -.Ar hppa64 , -.Ar i386 , -.Ar landisk , -.Ar loongson , -.Ar luna88k , -.Ar mac68k , -.Ar macppc , -.Ar mvme68k , -.Ar mvme88k , -.Ar mvmeppc , -.Ar pmax , -.Ar sgi , -.Ar socppc , -.Ar sparc , -.Ar sparc64 , -.Ar sun3 , -.Ar vax , -or -.Ar zaurus . -.El -.Pp -Examples: -.D1 \&.Dt FOO 1 -.D1 \&.Dt FOO 4 KM -.D1 \&.Dt FOO 9 i386 -.Pp -See also -.Sx \&Dd -and -.Sx \&Os . -.Ss \&Dv -Defined variables such as preprocessor constants. -.Pp -Examples: -.D1 \&.Dv BUFSIZ -.D1 \&.Dv STDOUT_FILENO -.Pp -See also -.Sx \&Er . -.Ss \&Dx -Format the DragonFly BSD version provided as an argument, or a default -value if no argument is provided. -.Pp -Examples: -.D1 \&.Dx 2.4.1 -.D1 \&.Dx -.Pp -See also -.Sx \&At , -.Sx \&Bsx , -.Sx \&Bx , -.Sx \&Fx , -.Sx \&Nx , -.Sx \&Ox , -and -.Sx \&Ux . -.Ss \&Ec -Close a scope started by -.Sx \&Eo . -Its syntax is as follows: -.Pp -.D1 Pf \. Sx \&Ec Op Ar TERM -.Pp -The -.Ar TERM -argument is used as the enclosure tail, for example, specifying \e(rq -will emulate -.Sx \&Dc . -.Ss \&Ed -End a display context started by -.Sx \&Bd . -.Ss \&Ef -End a font mode context started by -.Sx \&Bf . -.Ss \&Ek -End a keep context started by -.Sx \&Bk . -.Ss \&El -End a list context started by -.Sx \&Bl . -.Pp -See also -.Sx \&Bl -and -.Sx \&It . -.Ss \&Em -Denotes text that should be emphasised. -Note that this is a presentation term and should not be used for -stylistically decorating technical terms. -.Pp -Examples: -.D1 \&.Em Warnings! -.D1 \&.Em Remarks : -.Pp -See also -.Sx \&Bf , -.Sx \&Sy , -and -.Sx \&Li . -.Ss \&En -This macro is obsolete and not implemented in -.Xr mandoc 1 . -.Ss \&Eo -An arbitrary enclosure. -Its syntax is as follows: -.Pp -.D1 Pf \. Sx \&Eo Op Ar TERM -.Pp -The -.Ar TERM -argument is used as the enclosure head, for example, specifying \e(lq -will emulate -.Sx \&Do . -.Ss \&Er -Display error constants. -.Pp -Examples: -.D1 \&.Er EPERM -.D1 \&.Er ENOENT -.Pp -See also -.Sx \&Dv . -.Ss \&Es -This macro is obsolete and not implemented. -.Ss \&Ev -Environmental variables such as those specified in -.Xr environ 7 . -.Pp -Examples: -.D1 \&.Ev DISPLAY -.D1 \&.Ev PATH -.Ss \&Ex -Insert a standard sentence regarding exit values. -Its syntax is as follows: -.Pp -.D1 Pf \. Sx \&Ex Fl std Op Ar utility -.Pp -When -.Ar utility -is not specified, the document's name set by -.Sx \&Nm -is used. -.Pp -See also -.Sx \&Rv . -.Ss \&Fa -Function argument. -Its syntax is as follows: -.Bd -ragged -offset indent -.Pf \. Sx \&Fa -.Op Cm argtype -.Cm argname -.Ed -.Pp -This may be invoked for names with or without the corresponding type. -It is also used to specify the field name of a structure. -Most often, the -.Sx \&Fa -macro is used in the -.Em SYNOPSIS -within -.Sx \&Fo -section when documenting multi-line function prototypes. -If invoked with multiple arguments, the arguments are separated by a -comma. -Furthermore, if the following macro is another -.Sx \&Fa , -the last argument will also have a trailing comma. -.Pp -Examples: -.D1 \&.Fa \(dqconst char *p\(dq -.D1 \&.Fa \(dqint a\(dq \(dqint b\(dq \(dqint c\(dq -.D1 \&.Fa foo -.Pp -See also -.Sx \&Fo . -.Ss \&Fc -End a function context started by -.Sx \&Fo . -.Ss \&Fd -Historically used to document include files. -This usage has been deprecated in favour of -.Sx \&In . -Do not use this macro. -.Pp -See also -.Sx MANUAL STRUCTURE -and -.Sx \&In . -.Ss \&Fl -Command-line flag. -Used when listing arguments to command-line utilities. -Prints a fixed-width hyphen -.Sq \- -directly followed by each argument. -If no arguments are provided, a hyphen is printed followed by a space. -If the argument is a macro, a hyphen is prefixed to the subsequent macro -output. -.Pp -Examples: -.D1 \&.Fl a b c -.D1 \&.Fl \&Pf a b -.D1 \&.Fl -.D1 \&.Op \&Fl o \&Ns \&Ar file -.Pp -See also -.Sx \&Cm . -.Ss \&Fn -A function name. -Its syntax is as follows: -.Bd -ragged -offset indent -.Pf \. Ns Sx \&Fn -.Op Cm functype -.Cm funcname -.Op Oo Cm argtype Oc Cm argname -.Ed -.Pp -Function arguments are surrounded in parenthesis and -are delimited by commas. -If no arguments are specified, blank parenthesis are output. -.Pp -Examples: -.D1 \&.Fn "int funcname" "int arg0" "int arg1" -.D1 \&.Fn funcname "int arg0" -.D1 \&.Fn funcname arg0 -.Bd -literal -offset indent -compact -\&.Ft functype -\&.Fn funcname -.Ed -.Pp -See also -.Sx MANUAL STRUCTURE -and -.Sx \&Ft . -.Ss \&Fo -Begin a function block. -This is a multi-line version of -.Sx \&Fn . -Its syntax is as follows: -.Pp -.D1 Pf \. Sx \&Fo Cm funcname -.Pp -Invocations usually occur in the following context: -.Bd -ragged -offset indent -.Pf \. Sx \&Ft Cm functype -.br -.Pf \. Sx \&Fo Cm funcname -.br -.Pf \. Sx \&Fa Oo Cm argtype Oc Cm argname -.br -\.\.\. -.br -.Pf \. Sx \&Fc -.Ed -.Pp -A -.Sx \&Fo -scope is closed by -.Pp -See also -.Sx MANUAL STRUCTURE , -.Sx \&Fa , -.Sx \&Fc , -and -.Sx \&Ft . -.Ss \&Ft -A function type. -Its syntax is as follows: -.Pp -.D1 Pf \. Sx \&Ft Cm functype -.Pp -Examples: -.D1 \&.Ft int -.Bd -literal -offset indent -compact -\&.Ft functype -\&.Fn funcname -.Ed -.Pp -See also -.Sx MANUAL STRUCTURE , -.Sx \&Fn , -and -.Sx \&Fo . -.Ss \&Fx -Format the FreeBSD version provided as an argument, or a default value -if no argument is provided. -.Pp -Examples: -.D1 \&.Fx 7.1 -.D1 \&.Fx -.Pp -See also -.Sx \&At , -.Sx \&Bsx , -.Sx \&Bx , -.Sx \&Dx , -.Sx \&Nx , -.Sx \&Ox , -and -.Sx \&Ux . -.Ss \&Hf -This macro is obsolete and not implemented. -.Ss \&Ic -Designate an internal or interactive command. -This is similar to -.Sx \&Cm -but used for instructions rather than values. -.Pp -Examples: -.D1 \&.Ic hash -.D1 \&.Ic alias -.Pp -Note that using -.Sx \&Bd No Fl literal -or -.Sx \&D1 -is preferred for displaying code; the -.Sx \&Ic -macro is used when referring to specific instructions. -.Ss \&In -An -.Dq include -file. -In the -.Em SYNOPSIS -section (only if invoked as the line macro), the first argument is -preceded by -.Dq #include , -the arguments is enclosed in angle brackets. -.Pp -Examples: -.D1 \&.In sys/types -.Pp -See also -.Sx MANUAL STRUCTURE . -.Ss \&It -A list item. -The syntax of this macro depends on the list type. -.Pp -Lists -of type -.Fl hang , -.Fl ohang , -.Fl inset , -and -.Fl diag -have the following syntax: -.Pp -.D1 Pf \. Sx \&It Cm args -.Pp -Lists of type -.Fl bullet , -.Fl dash , -.Fl enum , -.Fl hyphen -and -.Fl item -have the following syntax: -.Pp -.D1 Pf \. Sx \&It -.Pp -with subsequent lines interpreted within the scope of the -.Sx \&It -until either a closing -.Sx \&El -or another -.Sx \&It . -.Pp -The -.Fl tag -list has the following syntax: -.Pp -.D1 Pf \. Sx \&It Op Cm args -.Pp -Subsequent lines are interpreted as with -.Fl bullet -and family. -The line arguments correspond to the list's left-hand side; body -arguments correspond to the list's contents. -.Pp -The -.Fl column -list is the most complicated. -Its syntax is as follows: -.Pp -.D1 Pf \. Sx \&It Op Cm args -.Pp -The -.Cm args -are phrases, a mix of macros and text corresponding to a line column, -delimited by tabs or the special -.Sq \&Ta -pseudo-macro. -Lines subsequent the -.Sx \&It -are interpreted within the scope of the last phrase. -Calling the pseudo-macro -.Sq \&Ta -will open a new phrase scope (this must occur on a macro line to be -interpreted as a macro). -Note that the tab phrase delimiter may only be used within the -.Sx \&It -line itself. -Subsequent this, only the -.Sq \&Ta -pseudo-macro may be used to delimit phrases. -Furthermore, note that quoted sections propagate over tab-delimited -phrases on an -.Sx \&It , -for example, -.Pp -.D1 .It \(dqcol1 ; <TAB> col2 ;\(dq \&; -.Pp -will preserve the semicolon whitespace except for the last. -.Pp -See also -.Sx \&Bl . -.Ss \&Lb -Specify a library. -The syntax is as follows: -.Pp -.D1 Pf \. Sx \&Lb Cm library -.Pp -The -.Cm library -parameter may be a system library, such as -.Cm libz -or -.Cm libpam , -in which case a small library description is printed next to the linker -invocation; or a custom library, in which case the library name is -printed in quotes. -This is most commonly used in the -.Em SYNOPSIS -section as described in -.Sx MANUAL STRUCTURE . -.Pp -Examples: -.D1 \&.Lb libz -.D1 \&.Lb mdoc -.Ss \&Li -Denotes text that should be in a literal font mode. -Note that this is a presentation term and should not be used for -stylistically decorating technical terms. -.Pp -See also -.Sx \&Bf , -.Sx \&Sy , -and -.Sx \&Em . -.Ss \&Lk -Format a hyperlink. -Its syntax is as follows: -.Pp -.D1 Pf \. Sx \&Lk Cm uri Op Cm name -.Pp -Examples: -.D1 \&.Lk http://bsd.lv "The BSD.lv Project" -.D1 \&.Lk http://bsd.lv -.Pp -See also -.Sx \&Mt . -.Ss \&Lp -Synonym for -.Sx \&Pp . -.Ss \&Ms -Display a mathematical symbol. -Its syntax is as follows: -.Pp -.D1 Pf \. Sx \&Ms Cm symbol -.Pp -Examples: -.D1 \&.Ms sigma -.D1 \&.Ms aleph -.Ss \&Mt -Format a -.Dq mailto: -hyperlink. -Its syntax is as follows: -.Pp -.D1 Pf \. Sx \&Mt Cm address -.Pp -Examples: -.D1 \&.Mt discuss@manpages.bsd.lv -.Ss \&Nd -A one-line description of the manual's content. -This may only be invoked in the -.Em SYNOPSIS -section subsequent the -.Sx \&Nm -macro. -.Pp -Examples: -.D1 \&.Sx \&Nd mdoc language reference -.D1 \&.Sx \&Nd format and display UNIX manuals -.Pp -The -.Sx \&Nd -macro technically accepts child macros and terminates with a subsequent -.Sx \&Sh -invocation. -Do not assume this behaviour: some -.Xr whatis 1 -database generators are not smart enough to parse more than the line -arguments and will display macros verbatim. -.Pp -See also -.Sx \&Nm . -.Ss \&Nm -The name of the manual page, or \(em in particular in section 1, 6, -and 8 pages \(em of an additional command or feature documented in -the manual page. -When first invoked, the -.Sx \&Nm -macro expects a single argument, the name of the manual page. -Usually, the first invocation happens in the -.Em NAME -section of the page. -The specified name will be remembered and used whenever the macro is -called again without arguments later in the page. -The -.Sx \&Nm -macro uses -.Sx Block full-implicit -semantics when invoked as the first macro on an input line in the -.Em SYNOPSIS -section; otherwise, it uses ordinary -.Sx In-line -semantics. -.Pp -Examples: -.Bd -literal -offset indent -\&.Sh SYNOPSIS -\&.Nm cat -\&.Op Fl benstuv -\&.Op Ar -.Ed -.Pp -In the -.Em SYNOPSIS -of section 2, 3 and 9 manual pages, use the -.Sx \&Fn -macro rather than -.Sx \&Nm -to mark up the name of the manual page. -.Ss \&No -A -.Dq noop -macro used to terminate prior macro contexts. -.Pp -Examples: -.D1 \&.Sx \&Fl ab \&No cd \&Fl ef -.Ss \&Ns -Suppress a space. -Following invocation, text is interpreted as free-form text until a -macro is encountered. -.Pp -Examples: -.D1 \&.Fl o \&Ns \&Ar output -.Pp -See also -.Sx \&No -and -.Sx \&Sm . -.Ss \&Nx -Format the NetBSD version provided as an argument, or a default value if -no argument is provided. -.Pp -Examples: -.D1 \&.Nx 5.01 -.D1 \&.Nx -.Pp -See also -.Sx \&At , -.Sx \&Bsx , -.Sx \&Bx , -.Sx \&Dx , -.Sx \&Fx , -.Sx \&Ox , -and -.Sx \&Ux . -.Ss \&Oc -Close multi-line -.Sx \&Oo -context. -.Ss \&Oo -Multi-line version of -.Sx \&Op . -.Pp -Examples: -.Bd -literal -offset indent -compact -\&.Oo -\&.Op Fl flag Ns Ar value -\&.Oc -.Ed -.Ss \&Op -Command-line option. -Used when listing options to command-line utilities. -Prints the argument(s) in brackets. -.Pp -Examples: -.D1 \&.Op \&Fl a \&Ar b -.D1 \&.Op \&Ar a | b -.Pp -See also -.Sx \&Oo . -.Ss \&Os -Document operating system version. -This is the mandatory third macro of -any -.Nm -file. -Its syntax is as follows: -.Pp -.D1 Pf \. Sx \&Os Op Cm system -.Pp -The optional -.Cm system -parameter specifies the relevant operating system or environment. -Left unspecified, it defaults to the local operating system version. -This is the suggested form. -.Pp -Examples: -.D1 \&.Os -.D1 \&.Os KTH/CSC/TCS -.D1 \&.Os BSD 4.3 -.Pp -See also -.Sx \&Dd -and -.Sx \&Dt . -.Ss \&Ot -Unknown usage. -.Pp -.Em Remarks : -this macro has been deprecated. -.Ss \&Ox -Format the OpenBSD version provided as an argument, or a default value -if no argument is provided. -.Pp -Examples: -.D1 \&.Ox 4.5 -.D1 \&.Ox -.Pp -See also -.Sx \&At , -.Sx \&Bsx , -.Sx \&Bx , -.Sx \&Dx , -.Sx \&Fx , -.Sx \&Nx , -and -.Sx \&Ux . -.Ss \&Pa -A file-system path. -.Pp -Examples: -.D1 \&.Pa /usr/bin/mandoc -.D1 \&.Pa /usr/share/man/man7/mdoc.7 -.Pp -See also -.Sx \&Lk . -.Ss \&Pc -Close parenthesised context opened by -.Sx \&Po . -.Ss \&Pf -Removes the space -.Pq Dq prefix -between its arguments. -Its syntax is as follows: -.Pp -.D1 Pf \. \&Pf Cm prefix suffix -.Pp -The -.Cm suffix -argument may be a macro. -.Pp -Examples: -.D1 \&.Pf \e. \&Sx \&Pf \&Cm prefix suffix -.Ss \&Po -Multi-line version of -.Sx \&Pq . -.Ss \&Pp -Break a paragraph. -This will assert vertical space between prior and subsequent macros -and/or text. -.Ss \&Pq -Parenthesised enclosure. -.Pp -See also -.Sx \&Po . -.Ss \&Qc -Close quoted context opened by -.Sx \&Qo . -.Ss \&Ql -Format a single-quoted literal. -See also -.Sx \&Qq -and -.Sx \&Sq . -.Ss \&Qo -Multi-line version of -.Sx \&Qq . -.Ss \&Qq -Encloses its arguments in -.Dq typewriter -double-quotes. -Consider using -.Sx \&Dq . -.Pp -See also -.Sx \&Dq , -.Sx \&Sq , -and -.Sx \&Qo . -.Ss \&Re -Close an -.Sx \&Rs -block. -Does not have any tail arguments. -.Ss \&Rs -Begin a bibliographic -.Pq Dq reference -block. -Does not have any head arguments. -The block macro may only contain -.Sx \&%A , -.Sx \&%B , -.Sx \&%C , -.Sx \&%D , -.Sx \&%I , -.Sx \&%J , -.Sx \&%N , -.Sx \&%O , -.Sx \&%P , -.Sx \&%Q , -.Sx \&%R , -.Sx \&%T , -.Sx \&%U , -and -.Sx \&%V -child macros (at least one must be specified). -.Pp -Examples: -.Bd -literal -offset indent -compact -\&.Rs -\&.%A J. E. Hopcroft -\&.%A J. D. Ullman -\&.%B Introduction to Automata Theory, Languages, and Computation -\&.%I Addison-Wesley -\&.%C Reading, Massachusettes -\&.%D 1979 -\&.Re -.Ed -.Pp -If an -.Sx \&Rs -block is used within a SEE ALSO section, a vertical space is asserted -before the rendered output, else the block continues on the current -line. -.Ss \&Rv -Inserts text regarding a function call's return value. -This macro must consist of the -.Fl std -argument followed by an optional -.Ar function . -If -.Ar function -is not provided, the document's name as stipulated by the first -.Sx \&Nm -is provided. -.Pp -See also -.Sx \&Ex . -.Ss \&Sc -Close single-quoted context opened by -.Sx \&So . -.Ss \&Sh -Begin a new section. -For a list of conventional manual sections, see -.Sx MANUAL STRUCTURE . -These sections should be used unless it's absolutely necessary that -custom sections be used. -.Pp -Section names should be unique so that they may be keyed by -.Sx \&Sx . -.Pp -See also -.Sx \&Pp , -.Sx \&Ss , -and -.Sx \&Sx . -.Ss \&Sm -Switches the spacing mode for output generated from macros. -Its syntax is as follows: -.Pp -.D1 Pf \. Sx \&Sm Cm on | off -.Pp -By default, spacing is -.Cm on . -When switched -.Cm off , -no white space is inserted between macro arguments and between the -output generated from adjacent macros, but free-form text lines -still get normal spacing between words and sentences. -.Ss \&So -Multi-line version of -.Sx \&Sq . -.Ss \&Sq -Encloses its arguments in -.Dq typewriter -single-quotes. -.Pp -See also -.Sx \&Dq , -.Sx \&Qq , -and -.Sx \&So . -.Ss \&Ss -Begin a new sub-section. -Unlike with -.Sx \&Sh , -there's no convention for sub-sections. -Conventional sections, as described in -.Sx MANUAL STRUCTURE , -rarely have sub-sections. -.Pp -Sub-section names should be unique so that they may be keyed by -.Sx \&Sx . -.Pp -See also -.Sx \&Pp , -.Sx \&Sh , -and -.Sx \&Sx . -.Ss \&St -Replace an abbreviation for a standard with the full form. -The following standards are recognised: -.Pp -.Bl -tag -width "-p1003.1g-2000X" -compact -.It \-p1003.1-88 -.St -p1003.1-88 -.It \-p1003.1-90 -.St -p1003.1-90 -.It \-p1003.1-96 -.St -p1003.1-96 -.It \-p1003.1-2001 -.St -p1003.1-2001 -.It \-p1003.1-2004 -.St -p1003.1-2004 -.It \-p1003.1-2008 -.St -p1003.1-2008 -.It \-p1003.1 -.St -p1003.1 -.It \-p1003.1b -.St -p1003.1b -.It \-p1003.1b-93 -.St -p1003.1b-93 -.It \-p1003.1c-95 -.St -p1003.1c-95 -.It \-p1003.1g-2000 -.St -p1003.1g-2000 -.It \-p1003.1i-95 -.St -p1003.1i-95 -.It \-p1003.2-92 -.St -p1003.2-92 -.It \-p1003.2a-92 -.St -p1003.2a-92 -.It \-p1387.2-95 -.St -p1387.2-95 -.It \-p1003.2 -.St -p1003.2 -.It \-p1387.2 -.St -p1387.2 -.It \-isoC -.St -isoC -.It \-isoC-90 -.St -isoC-90 -.It \-isoC-amd1 -.St -isoC-amd1 -.It \-isoC-tcor1 -.St -isoC-tcor1 -.It \-isoC-tcor2 -.St -isoC-tcor2 -.It \-isoC-99 -.St -isoC-99 -.It \-iso9945-1-90 -.St -iso9945-1-90 -.It \-iso9945-1-96 -.St -iso9945-1-96 -.It \-iso9945-2-93 -.St -iso9945-2-93 -.It \-ansiC -.St -ansiC -.It \-ansiC-89 -.St -ansiC-89 -.It \-ansiC-99 -.St -ansiC-99 -.It \-ieee754 -.St -ieee754 -.It \-iso8802-3 -.St -iso8802-3 -.It \-ieee1275-94 -.St -ieee1275-94 -.It \-xpg3 -.St -xpg3 -.It \-xpg4 -.St -xpg4 -.It \-xpg4.2 -.St -xpg4.2 -.St -xpg4.3 -.It \-xbd5 -.St -xbd5 -.It \-xcu5 -.St -xcu5 -.It \-xsh5 -.St -xsh5 -.It \-xns5 -.St -xns5 -.It \-xns5.2 -.St -xns5.2 -.It \-xns5.2d2.0 -.St -xns5.2d2.0 -.It \-xcurses4.2 -.St -xcurses4.2 -.It \-susv2 -.St -susv2 -.It \-susv3 -.St -susv3 -.It \-svid4 -.St -svid4 -.El -.Ss \&Sx -Reference a section or sub-section. -The referenced section or sub-section name must be identical to the -enclosed argument, including whitespace. -.Pp -Examples: -.D1 \&.Sx MANUAL STRUCTURE -.Ss \&Sy -Format enclosed arguments in symbolic -.Pq Dq boldface . -Note that this is a presentation term and should not be used for -stylistically decorating technical terms. -.Pp -See also -.Sx \&Bf , -.Sx \&Li , -and -.Sx \&Em . -.Ss \&Tn -Format a tradename. -.Pp -Examples: -.D1 \&.Tn IBM -.Ss \&Ud -Prints out -.Dq currently under development. -.Ss \&Ux -Format the UNIX name. -Accepts no argument. -.Pp -Examples: -.D1 \&.Ux -.Pp -See also -.Sx \&At , -.Sx \&Bsx , -.Sx \&Bx , -.Sx \&Dx , -.Sx \&Fx , -.Sx \&Nx , -and -.Sx \&Ox . -.Ss \&Va -A variable name. -.Pp -Examples: -.D1 \&.Va foo -.D1 \&.Va const char *bar ; -.Ss \&Vt -A variable type. -This is also used for indicating global variables in the -.Em SYNOPSIS -section, in which case a variable name is also specified. -Note that it accepts -.Sx Block partial-implicit -syntax when invoked as the first macro in the -.Em SYNOPSIS -section, else it accepts ordinary -.Sx In-line -syntax. -.Pp -Note that this should not be confused with -.Sx \&Ft , -which is used for function return types. -.Pp -Examples: -.D1 \&.Vt unsigned char -.D1 \&.Vt extern const char * const sys_signame[] \&; -.Pp -See also -.Sx MANUAL STRUCTURE -and -.Sx \&Va . -.Ss \&Xc -Close a scope opened by -.Sx \&Xo . -.Ss \&Xo -Open an extension scope. -This macro originally existed to extend the 9-argument limit of troff; -since this limit has been lifted, the macro has been deprecated. -.Ss \&Xr -Link to another manual -.Pq Qq cross-reference . -Its syntax is as follows: -.Pp -.D1 Pf \. Sx \&Xr Cm name section -.Pp -The -.Cm name -and -.Cm section -are the name and section of the linked manual. -If -.Cm section -is followed by non-punctuation, an -.Sx \&Ns -is inserted into the token stream. -This behaviour is for compatibility with -.Xr groff 1 . -.Pp -Examples: -.D1 \&.Xr mandoc 1 -.D1 \&.Xr mandoc 1 \&; -.D1 \&.Xr mandoc 1 \&Ns s behaviour -.Ss \&br -Emits a line-break. -This macro should not be used; it is implemented for compatibility with -historical manuals. -.Pp -Consider using -.Sx \&Pp -in the event of natural paragraph breaks. -.Ss \&sp -Emits vertical space. -This macro should not be used; it is implemented for compatibility with -historical manuals. -Its syntax is as follows: -.Pp -.D1 Pf \. Sx \&sp Op Cm height -.Pp -The -.Cm height -argument must be formatted as described in -.Sx Scaling Widths . -If unspecified, -.Sx \&sp -asserts a single vertical space. -.Sh COMPATIBILITY -This section documents compatibility between mandoc and other other -troff implementations, at this time limited to GNU troff -.Pq Qq groff . -The term -.Qq historic groff -refers to groff versions before the -.Pa doc.tmac -file re-write -.Pq somewhere between 1.15 and 1.19 . -.Pp -Heirloom troff, the other significant troff implementation accepting -\-mdoc, is similar to historic groff. -.Pp -.Bl -dash -compact -.It -An empty -.Sq \&Dd -macro in groff prints -.Dq Epoch . -In mandoc, it resolves to the current date. -.It -The \es (font size), \em (font colour), and \eM (font filling colour) -font decoration escapes are all discarded in mandoc. -.It -Old groff fails to assert a newline before -.Sx \&Bd Fl ragged compact . -.It -groff behaves inconsistently when encountering -.Pf non- Sx \&Fa -children of -.Sx \&Fo -regarding spacing between arguments. -In mandoc, this is not the case: each argument is consistently followed -by a single space and the trailing -.Sq \&) -suppresses prior spacing. -.It -groff behaves inconsistently when encountering -.Sx \&Ft -and -.Sx \&Fn -in the -.Em SYNOPSIS : -at times newline(s) are suppressed depending on whether a prior -.Sx \&Fn -has been invoked. -In mandoc, this is not the case. -See -.Sx \&Ft -and -.Sx \&Fn -for the normalised behaviour. -.It -Historic groff does not break before an -.Sx \&Fn -when not invoked as the line macro in the -.Em SYNOPSIS -section. -.It -Historic groff formats the -.Sx \&In -badly: trailing arguments are trashed and -.Em SYNOPSIS -is not specially treated. -.It -groff does not accept the -.Sq \&Ta -pseudo-macro as a line macro. -mandoc does. -.It -The comment syntax -.Sq \e\." -is no longer accepted. -.It -In groff, the -.Sx \&Pa -macro does not format its arguments when used in the FILES section under -certain list types. -mandoc does. -.It -Historic groff does not print a dash for empty -.Sx \&Fl -arguments. -mandoc and newer groff implementations do. -.It -groff behaves irregularly when specifying -.Sq \ef -.Sx Text Decoration -within line-macro scopes. -mandoc follows a consistent system. -.It -In mandoc, negative scaling units are truncated to zero; groff would -move to prior lines. -Furthermore, the -.Sq f -scaling unit, while accepted, is rendered as the default unit. -.It -In quoted literals, groff allowed pair-wise double-quotes to produce a -standalone double-quote in formatted output. -This idiosyncratic behaviour is not applicable in mandoc. -.It -Display offsets -.Sx \&Bd -.Fl offset Ar center -and -.Fl offset Ar right -are disregarded in mandoc. -Furthermore, troff specifies a -.Fl file Ar file -argument that is not supported in mandoc. -Lastly, since text is not right-justified in mandoc (or even groff), -.Fl ragged -and -.Fl filled -are aliases, as are -.Fl literal -and -.Fl unfilled . -.It -Historic groff has many un-callable macros. -Most of these (excluding some block-level macros) are now callable. -.It -The vertical bar -.Sq \(ba -made historic groff -.Qq go orbital -but has been a proper delimiter since then. -.It -.Sx \&It Fl nested -is assumed for all lists (it wasn't in historic groff): any list may be -nested and -.Fl enum -lists will restart the sequence only for the sub-list. -.It -Some manuals use -.Sx \&Li -incorrectly by following it with a reserved character and expecting the -delimiter to render. -This is not supported in mandoc. -.It -In groff, the -.Sx \&Cd , -.Sx \&Er , -.Sx \&Ex , -and -.Sx \&Rv -macros were stipulated only to occur in certain manual sections. -mandoc does not have these restrictions. -.It -Newer groff and mandoc print -.Qq AT&T UNIX -prior to unknown arguments of -.Sx \&At ; -older groff did nothing. -.El -.Sh SEE ALSO -.Xr mandoc 1 , -.Xr mandoc_char 7 -.Sh AUTHORS -The -.Nm -reference was written by -.An Kristaps Dzonsons Aq kristaps@bsd.lv . |