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-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
- "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
-
-<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
- <head>
- <meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
-
- <title>Custom error responses</title>
- </head>
- <!-- Background white, links blue (unvisited), navy (visited), red (active) -->
-
- <body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF"
- vlink="#000080" alink="#FF0000">
- <div align="CENTER">
- <img src="images/sub.gif" alt="[APACHE DOCUMENTATION]" />
-
- <h3>Apache HTTP Server</h3>
- </div>
-
-
-
- <h1 align="CENTER">Custom error responses</h1>
-
- <dl>
- <dt>Purpose</dt>
-
- <dd>
- Additional functionality. Allows webmasters to configure
- the response of Apache to some error or problem.
-
- <p>Customizable responses can be defined to be activated in
- the event of a server detected error or problem.</p>
-
- <p>e.g. if a script crashes and produces a "500 Server
- Error" response, then this response can be replaced with
- either some friendlier text or by a redirection to another
- URL (local or external).</p>
- </dd>
-
- <dt>Old behavior</dt>
-
- <dd>NCSA httpd 1.3 would return some boring old error/problem
- message which would often be meaningless to the user, and
- would provide no means of logging the symptoms which caused
- it.<br />
- </dd>
-
- <dt>New behavior</dt>
-
- <dd>
- The server can be asked to;
-
- <ol>
- <li>Display some other text, instead of the NCSA hard
- coded messages, or</li>
-
- <li>redirect to a local URL, or</li>
-
- <li>redirect to an external URL.</li>
- </ol>
-
- <p>Redirecting to another URL can be useful, but only if
- some information can be passed which can then be used to
- explain and/or log the error/problem more clearly.</p>
-
- <p>To achieve this, Apache will define new CGI-like
- environment variables, <em>e.g.</em></p>
-
- <blockquote>
- <code>REDIRECT_HTTP_ACCEPT=*/*, image/gif,
- image/x-xbitmap, image/jpeg<br />
- REDIRECT_HTTP_USER_AGENT=Mozilla/1.1b2 (X11; I; HP-UX
- A.09.05 9000/712)<br />
- REDIRECT_PATH=.:/bin:/usr/local/bin:/etc<br />
- REDIRECT_QUERY_STRING=<br />
- REDIRECT_REMOTE_ADDR=121.345.78.123<br />
- REDIRECT_REMOTE_HOST=ooh.ahhh.com<br />
- REDIRECT_SERVER_NAME=crash.bang.edu<br />
- REDIRECT_SERVER_PORT=80<br />
- REDIRECT_SERVER_SOFTWARE=Apache/0.8.15<br />
- REDIRECT_URL=/cgi-bin/buggy.pl<br />
- </code>
- </blockquote>
-
- <p>note the <code>REDIRECT_</code> prefix.</p>
-
- <p>At least <code>REDIRECT_URL</code> and
- <code>REDIRECT_QUERY_STRING</code> will be passed to the
- new URL (assuming it's a cgi-script or a cgi-include). The
- other variables will exist only if they existed prior to
- the error/problem. <strong>None</strong> of these will be
- set if your ErrorDocument is an <em>external</em> redirect
- (<em>i.e.</em>, anything starting with a scheme name like
- <code>http:</code>, even if it refers to the same host as
- the server).</p>
- </dd>
-
- <dt>Configuration</dt>
-
- <dd>
- Use of "ErrorDocument" is enabled for .htaccess files when
- the <a href="mod/core.html#allowoverride">"FileInfo"
- override</a> is allowed.
-
- <p>Here are some examples...</p>
-
- <blockquote>
- <code>ErrorDocument 500 /cgi-bin/crash-recover<br />
- ErrorDocument 500 "Sorry, our script crashed. Oh
- dear<br />
- ErrorDocument 500 http://xxx/<br />
- ErrorDocument 404 /Lame_excuses/not_found.html<br />
- ErrorDocument 401
- /Subscription/how_to_subscribe.html</code>
- </blockquote>
-
- <p>The syntax is,</p>
-
- <p><code><a
- href="mod/core.html#errordocument">ErrorDocument</a></code>
- &lt;3-digit-code&gt; action</p>
-
- <p>where the action can be,</p>
-
- <ol>
- <li>Text to be displayed. Prefix the text with a quote
- ("). Whatever follows the quote is displayed. <em>Note:
- the (") prefix isn't displayed.</em></li>
-
- <li>An external URL to redirect to.</li>
-
- <li>A local URL to redirect to.</li>
- </ol>
- </dd>
- </dl>
- <hr />
-
- <h2>Custom error responses and redirects</h2>
-
- <dl>
- <dt>Purpose</dt>
-
- <dd>Apache's behavior to redirected URLs has been modified so
- that additional environment variables are available to a
- script/server-include.</dd>
-
- <dt>Old behavior</dt>
-
- <dd>Standard CGI vars were made available to a script which
- has been redirected to. No indication of where the
- redirection came from was provided.</dd>
-
- <dt>New behavior</dt>
-
- <dd>A new batch of environment variables will be initialized
- for use by a script which has been redirected to. Each new
- variable will have the prefix <code>REDIRECT_</code>.
- <code>REDIRECT_</code> environment variables are created from
- the CGI environment variables which existed prior to the
- redirect, they are renamed with a <code>REDIRECT_</code>
- prefix, <em>i.e.</em>, <code>HTTP_USER_AGENT</code> becomes
- <code>REDIRECT_HTTP_USER_AGENT</code>. In addition to these
- new variables, Apache will define <code>REDIRECT_URL</code>
- and <code>REDIRECT_STATUS</code> to help the script trace its
- origin. Both the original URL and the URL being redirected to
- can be logged in the access log.</dd>
- </dl>
-
- <p>If the ErrorDocument specifies a local redirect to a CGI
- script, the script should include a "<samp>Status:</samp>"
- header field in its output in order to ensure the propagation
- all the way back to the client of the error condition that
- caused it to be invoked. For instance, a Perl ErrorDocument
- script might include the following:</p>
-<pre>
- :
- print "Content-type: text/html\n";
- printf "Status: %s Condition Intercepted\n", $ENV{"REDIRECT_STATUS"};
- :
-</pre>
-
- <p>If the script is dedicated to handling a particular error
- condition, such as <samp>404&nbsp;Not&nbsp;Found</samp>, it can
- use the specific code and error text instead.</p>
- <hr />
-
- <h3 align="CENTER">Apache HTTP Server</h3>
- <a href="./"><img src="images/index.gif" alt="Index" /></a>
-
- </body>
-</html>
-