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.\" $OpenBSD: cksum.1,v 1.40 2022/08/04 06:20:24 jsg Exp $
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 1991, 1993
.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
.\" the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
.\" without specific prior written permission.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.\" @(#)cksum.1 8.2 (Berkeley) 4/28/95
.\"
.Dd $Mdocdate: August 4 2022 $
.Dt CKSUM 1
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm cksum
.Nd display file checksums and block counts
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Nm cksum
.Bk -words
.Op Fl bcpqrtx
.Op Fl a Ar algorithms
.Op Fl C Ar checklist
.Op Fl h Ar hashfile
.Op Fl s Ar string
.Op Ar
.Ek
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm cksum
utility writes to the standard output a single line for each input file.
The format of this line varies with the algorithm being used as follows:
.Bl -tag -width allxothers
.It cksum
The output line consists of three whitespace separated fields:
a CRC checksum, the number of octets in the input,
and name of the file or string.
If no file name is specified, the standard input is used and no file name
is written.
.It all others
The output line consists of four whitespace separated fields:
the name of the algorithm used, the name of the file or string in
parentheses, an equals sign, and the cryptographic hash of the input.
If no file name is specified, the standard input is used and only
the cryptographic hash is output.
.El
.Pp
The options are as follows:
.Bl -tag -width Ds
.It Fl a Ar algorithms
Use the specified algorithm(s) instead of the default (cksum).
Supported algorithms include cksum, md5, rmd160, sha1,
sha224, sha256, sha384, sha512/256, and sha512.
Multiple algorithms may be specified, separated by a comma or whitespace.
Additionally, multiple
.Fl a
options may be specified on the command line.
Case is ignored when matching algorithms.
The output format may be specified on a per-algorithm basis
by using a single-character suffix, e.g.\&
.Dq sha256b .
If the algorithm has a
.Sq b
suffix, the checksum will be output in base64 format.
If the algorithm has an
.Sq x
suffix, the checksum will be output in hex format.
If an algorithm with the same output format is repeated,
only the first instance is used.
Note that output format suffixes are not supported
for the cksum algorithm.
.It Fl b
Output checksums in base64 notation, not hexadecimal by
default.
A
.Sq b
or
.Sq x
suffix on the algorithm will override this default.
This option is ignored for the cksum algorithm.
.It Fl C Ar checklist
Compare the checksum of each
.Ar file
against the checksums in the
.Ar checklist .
Any specified
.Ar file
that is not listed in the
.Ar checklist
will generate an error.
.It Fl c
If this option is specified, the
.Ar file
options become checklists.
Each checklist should contain hash results in the normal format,
which will be verified against the specified paths.
Output consists of the digest used, the file name,
and an OK, FAILED, or MISSING for the result of the comparison.
This will validate any of the supported checksums.
If no file is given, stdin is used.
The
.Fl c
option may not be used in conjunction with more than a single
.Fl a
option.
.It Fl h Ar hashfile
Place the checksum into
.Ar hashfile
instead of stdout.
.It Fl p
Echoes stdin to stdout and appends the
checksum to stdout.
.It Fl q
Only print the checksum (quiet mode) or if used in conjunction with the
.Fl c
flag, only print the failed cases.
.It Fl r
Reverse the format of the hash algorithm output, making
it match the checksum output format.
.It Fl s Ar string
Prints a checksum of the given
.Ar string .
.It Fl t
Runs a built-in time trial.
Specifying
.Fl t
multiple times results in the number of rounds being multiplied
by 10 for each additional flag.
.It Fl x
Runs a built-in test script.
.El
.Pp
The default CRC used is based on the polynomial used for CRC error checking
in the networking standard
ISO/IEC 8802-3:1996.
The other available algorithms are described in their respective
man pages in section 3 of the manual.
.Sh EXIT STATUS
.Ex -std cksum
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr md5 1
.Pp
The default calculation is identical to that given in pseudo-code
in the following ACM article:
.Rs
.%T "Computation of Cyclic Redundancy Checks Via Table Lookup"
.%A Dilip V. Sarwate
.%J "Communications of the ACM"
.%D "August 1988"
.Re
.Sh STANDARDS
The
.Nm
utility is compliant with the
.St -p1003.1-2008
specification.
.Pp
All the flags are extensions to that specification.
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm cksum
utility appeared in
.Bx 4.3 Net/2 .
.Sh CAVEATS
Do not use the cksum or md5 algorithms to verify file integrity.
An attacker can trivially produce modified payload that
has the same checksum as the original version.
Use a cryptographic checksum instead.
|
