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Installation is supported from several media types, including:
DOS floppies
Tape
Remote NFS partition
FTP
No matter which installation medium you choose, you'll need to have
two floppy disks (either 1.2M or 1.44 will work, though both should be
the same type). On the first, you'll put the kernel-copy image that's
appropriate for your system. On the second, you'll put the install or
upgrade floppy image, depending on whether you're installing NetBSD
for the first time, or upgrading a previous installation.
If you are using an Adaptec SCSI host adapter, you need the kcadp11.fs
kernel-copy image. If you're using any other SCSI host adapter,
you'll need the kcoth11.fs image. If you're using a non-SCSI disk
controller, either kernel-copy disk image will work for you.
If you are using a UN*X-like system to write the floppy images to
disks, you should use the "dd" command to copy the file system images
(.fs files) directly to the raw floppy disks. It is suggested that
you read the dd(1) manual page or ask your system administrator to
determine the correct set of arguments to use; it will be slightly
different from system to system, and a comprehensive list of the
possibilities is beyond the scope of this document.
If you are using DOS to write the floppy images to disks, you should
use the "rawrite" utility, provided in the "i386/utilities" directory
of the NetBSD distribution. It will write the file system images (.fs
files) to disks.
Note that, when installing, the kernel-copy floppy can be write-protected
(i.e. read-only), but the install floppy MUST not be write-protected.
The install program needs to write some temporary files, and if the
disk is write-protected, it can't. If you're upgrading your system,
both the kernel-copy and upgrade floppies may be write-protected.
Obviously, the steps necessary to prepare the distribution sets for
installation or upgrade depend on which installation medium you
choose. The steps for the various media are outlined below.
To install or upgrade NetBSD using DOS floppies, you need to do the
following:
Count the number of "set_name.xx" files that make up the
distribution sets you want to install or upgrade. You will
need one fifth that number of 1.2M floppies, or one sixth that
number of 1.44M floppies. You should only use one size of
floppy for the install or upgrade procedure; you can't use
some 1.2M floppies and some 1.44M floppies.
Format all of the floppies with DOS. DO NOT make any of them
bootable DOS floppies, i.e. don't use "format/s" to format
them. (If the floppies are bootable, then the DOS system
files that make them bootable will take up some space, and you
won't be able to fit as many distribution set parts per disk.)
If you're using floppies that are formatted for DOS by their
manufacturers, they probably aren't bootable, and you can use
them out of the box.
Place all of the "set_name.xx" files on the DOS disks, five
per disk if you're using 1.2M disks, six per disk if you're
using 1.44M disks. How you do this is up to you; there are
many possibilities. You could, for instance, use a DOS
terminal program to download them on to the floppies, or use
a UN*X-like system capable of reading and writing DOS file
systems (either with "mtools" or a real DOS file system)
to place them on the disk.
Once you have the files on DOS disks, you can proceed to the
next step in the installation or upgrade process. If you're
installing NetBSD from scratch, go to the section on preparing
your hard disk, below. If you're upgrading an existing
installation, go directly to the section on upgrading.
To install or upgrade NetBSD using a tape, you need to do the
following:
To install NetBSD from a tape, you need to make a tape that
contains the distribution set files, in "tar" format. If
you're making the tape on a UN*X-like system, the easiest way
to do so is probably something like:
tar cf <tape_device> <dist_directories>
where "<tape_device>" is the name of the tape device that
describes the tape drive you're using (possibly /dev/rst0, or
something similar, but it will vary from system to system.
(If you can't figure it out, ask your system administrator.)
In the above example, "<dist_directories>" are the
distribution sets' directories, for the distribution sets you
wish to place on the tape. For instance, to put the "base11"
and "etc11" distributions on tape (in order to do the absolute
minimum installation to a new disk), you would do the
following:
cd .../NetBSD-1.1 # the top of the tree
cd i386/binary
tar cf <tape_device> base11 etc11
(Note that you still need to fill in "<tape_device>" in the
example.)
Once you have the files on the tape, you can proceed to the
next step in the installation or upgrade process. If you're
installing NetBSD from scratch, go to the section on preparing
your hard disk, below. If you're upgrading an existing
installation, go directly to the section on upgrading.
To install or upgrade NetBSD using a remote partition, mounted via
NFS, you must do the following:
NOTE: This method of installation is recommended only for
those already familiar with using BSD network
configuration and management commands. If you aren't,
this documentation should help, but is not intended to
be all-encompassing.
Place the NetBSD distribution sets you wish to install into a
directory on an NFS server, and make that directory mountable
by the machine on which you are installing or upgrading NetBSD.
This will probably require modifying the /etc/exports file on
of the NFS server and resetting its mount daemon (mountd).
(Both of these actions will probably require superuser
privileges on the server.)
You need to know the the numeric IP address of the NFS server,
and, if the server is not on a network directly connected to
the machine on which you're installing or upgrading NetBSD,
you need to know the numeric IP address of the router closest
to the NetBSD machine. Finally, you need to know the numeric
IP address of the NetBSD machine itself.
Once the NFS server is set up properly and you have the
information mentioned above, you can proceed to the next step
in the installation or upgrade process. If you're installing
NetBSD from scratch, go to the section on preparing your hard
disk, below. If you're upgrading an existing installation, go
directly to the section on upgrading.
To install or upgrade NetBSD by using FTP to get the installation
sets, you must do the following:
NOTE: This method of installation is recommended only for
those already familiar with using BSD network
configuration and management commands. If you aren't,
this documentation should help, but is not intended to
be all-encompassing.
The preparations for this installation/upgrade method are
easy; all you make sure that there's some FTP site from which
you can retrieve the NetBSD distribution when you're about to
install or upgrade. You need to know the numeric IP address
of that site, and, if it's not on a network directly connected
to the machine on which you're installing or upgrading NetBSD,
you need to know the numeric IP address of the router closest
to the NetBSD machine. Finally, you need to know the numeric
IP address of the NetBSD machine itself.
Once you have this information, you can proceed to the next
step in the installation or upgrade process. If you're
installing NetBSD from scratch, go to the section on
preparing your hard disk, below. If you're upgrading an
existing installation, go directly to the section on
upgrading.
If you are upgrading NetBSD, you also have the option of installing
NetBSD by putting the new distribution sets somewhere in your existing
file system, and using them from there. To do that, you must do the
following:
Place the distribution sets you wish to upgrade somewhere in
your current file system tree. At a bare minimum, you must
upgrade the "base" binary distribution, and so must put the
"base11" set somewhere in your file system. If you wish,
you can do the other sets, as well, but you should NOT upgrade
the "etc" distribution; the "etc" distribution contains system
configuration files that you should review and update by hand.
Once you have done this, you can proceed to the next step in
the upgrade process, actually upgrading your system.
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