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dnl $OpenBSD: install,v 1.29 2016/10/05 16:06:02 visa Exp $
OpenBSDInstallPrelude
There are several ways to install OpenBSD onto a disk. The easiest way
in terms of preliminary setup is to use the bootable CD-ROM mini image.
Alternatively, the OpenBSD ramdisk kernel can be booted from the network,
using a bootp/tftp server.
Booting from CD-ROM installation media:
From the System Maintenance Menu, select '2' (or click on the
appropriate icon if in graphics console) to Install System Software.
If necessary, select the proper CD-ROM drive, and press enter to
confirm your choice. Insert the installation CD-ROM (if you did not
do so already) and press enter to boot the system.
If the boot is successful, you will get a loader version message,
executable sizes, and then the kernel copyright and device probe
messages. Boot failure modes are typically a lot of CD-ROM drive
activity, but no messages or complaints about magic numbers,
checksums or formats.
If the system does not complain about being able to read the CD-ROM,
but of not being able to load a particular file, you can nevertheless
boot manually. This is the case on IP22 systems.
To boot manually from the CD-ROM, select ``Enter Command Monitor''
at the menu, and invoke the bootloader and ramdisk image manually.
For example, on an IP22 system, automatic boot may fail with:
dnl IP22
Cannot load scsi(1)cdrom(4)partition(8)sashARCS.
Text start 0x10000, size 0xa120 doesn't fit in a FreeMemory area.
Cannot load scsi(1)cdrom(4)partition(8)sashARCS -- not enough space.
or:
dnl IP20, changed from scsi(0) to scsi(1) for consistency
Cannot load scsi(1)cdrom(4)partition(8)sashARCS.
Error 15 while loading scsi(1)cdrom(4)partition(8)sashARCS
The name of the CD-ROM drive is then ``scsi(1)cdrom(4)'', and the manual
boot command will be:
>> scsi(1)cdrom(4)partition(8)bootecoff
scsi(1)cdrom(4)partition(0)/bsd.rd.IP22
Note that this is a single commandline, the two paths should be separated
with spaces.
Booting over the network:
dnl XXX provide more details!!!
First, a bootp or dhcpd server needs to be set up. The bootpd(8) or
dhcpd(8) manual page on your server should provide detailed information
on how to set up the server.
The PROM, by default, will configure itself to use the IP address set in
the `netaddr' environment variable. To force the PROM to always get an
address from a bootp or dhcp server, clear the variable (`unsetenv netaddr')
before attempting to boot from the network. Alternatively, you may want to
make sure the value of this variable is correct.
Note that, if the `netaddr' variable is unset, the PROM will initialize it
to the address obtained from the bootp or dhcp server.
The bootp or dhcp server needs to know the ethernet address of the system.
On Indigo, Indigo2, Indy and O2 systems, this address can be found by using
the ``printenv'' command in the Maintenance Console, looking for the
``eaddr'' variable.
On other systems, or if this variable is missing, this address is usually
written on a factory sticker on the back of the machine.
The server should also provide a tftp location, where the proper bsd.rd
file should be available.
IMPORTANT! Older PROM are unable to connect to a tftp server
on a port number greater than 32767; if booting stalls almost
immediately, it might be necessary to restrict the tftp server
to only use 15-bit port numbers.
This situation can be detected by running tcpdump on the tftp
server, and looking for icmp `port unreachable' errors from the
MACHINE system.
dnl The following list is not intended to be exhaustive. Once enough samples
dnl are collected, it would be nice to be able to tell `PROM versions before
dnl that date are affected, PROM versions after that date are fine' rather
dnl than listing per-machine version strings. But then the actual cutoff
dnl point might differ accross systems, argh.
The following PROM versions are known to exhibit this troublesome
behaviour:
- on Indigo:
>> version
PROM Monitor SGI Version 4.0.5G Rev B IP20, Nov 10, 1992 (BE)
- on Indy:
>> version
PROM Monitor SGI Version 5.1 Rev B3 IP24 Sep 17, 1993 (BE)
On the other hand, the following PROM versions are known to be
unaffected by this problem:
- on Indigo2:
>> version
PROM Monitor SGI Version 5.3 Rev C IP22 Oct 20, 1994 (BE)
- on Indy:
>> version
PROM Monitor SGI Version 5.3 Rev B7 R4X00 IP24 Feb 16, 1995 (BE)
PROM Monitor SGI Version 5.3 Rev B10 R4X00/R5000 IP24 Feb 12, 1996 (BE)
Note that these lists do not pretend to be complete.
If the server system runs OpenBSD, the following command can be
used to enforce a safe port number:
# sysctl net.inet.ip.portlast=32767
don't forget to restore the previous value of this sysctl after
the troublesome system has booted.
Once the server is set up, boot with the following command in the
Maintenance Console:
>> bootp()bsd.rd.IP32
(replacing `IP32' by the family name suitable for your machine).
On IP22-class systems, or if the PROM complains about the file format,
such as:
>> bootp()bsd.rd.IP22
[...]
Cannot load bootp()bsd.rd.IP22.
Problem reading elf structure at offset -2004877312.
Unable to execute bootp()bsd.rd.IP22
... then this means that the PROM is too old to know about the ELF file
format the OpenBSD kernel is provided in. In this case, the kernel needs
to be booted from the ``bootecoff'' boot block, which has to be put on the
tftp server as well, with:
>> bootp()bootecoff bootp()bsd.rd.IP22
If the boot aborts early with a memory related error message, such as:
>> bootp()bootecoff bootp()bsd.rd.IP22
[...]
Cannot load bootp()bootecoff.
Text start 0x80020f0, size 0xa030 doesn't fit in a FreeMemory area.
Unable to execute bootp()/bootecoff
... then it is necessary to clean up after an earlier unsuccessful (or
aborted) boot attempt. Just leave the PROM interactive mode with `exit',
and at the maintenance menu, choose `Enter Command Monitor' again.
Installing the system:
OpenBSDInstallPart2
Boot your machine from the installation media as described above.
It will take a while to load the kernel especially from a slow
network connection, most likely more than a minute. If some action
doesn't eventually happen, or the spinning cursor has stopped and
nothing further has happened, either your boot media is bad, your
diskless setup isn't correct, or you may have a hardware or
configuration problem.
OpenBSDInstallPart3(,"sd0")
OpenBSDInstallPart4
OpenBSDInstallPart5
No partitions should overlap with the SGI Volume Header, which by
default will use the first 3134 sectors.
OpenBSDInstallPart6({:-CD-ROM, NFS -:})
OpenBSDURLInstall
OpenBSDCDROMInstall
OpenBSDNFSInstall
OpenBSDDISKInstall(,{:-only -:})
OpenBSDCommonInstall
OpenBSDInstallWrapup
OpenBSDCongratulations
OpenBSDUnattendedInstallation
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