path: root/gnu/egcs/gcc/combine.c

/* Optimize by combining instructions for GNU compiler.
   Copyright (C) 1987, 1988, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998,
   1999, 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

This file is part of GNU CC.

GNU CC is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
any later version.

GNU CC is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with GNU CC; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to
the Free Software Foundation, 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.  */


/* This module is essentially the "combiner" phase of the U. of Arizona
   Portable Optimizer, but redone to work on our list-structured
   representation for RTL instead of their string representation.

   The LOG_LINKS of each insn identify the most recent assignment
   to each REG used in the insn.  It is a list of previous insns,
   each of which contains a SET for a REG that is used in this insn
   and not used or set in between.  LOG_LINKs never cross basic blocks.
   They were set up by the preceding pass (lifetime analysis).

   We try to combine each pair of insns joined by a logical link.
   We also try to combine triples of insns A, B and C when
   C has a link back to B and B has a link back to A.

   LOG_LINKS does not have links for use of the CC0.  They don't
   need to, because the insn that sets the CC0 is always immediately
   before the insn that tests it.  So we always regard a branch
   insn as having a logical link to the preceding insn.  The same is true
   for an insn explicitly using CC0.

   We check (with use_crosses_set_p) to avoid combining in such a way
   as to move a computation to a place where its value would be different.

   Combination is done by mathematically substituting the previous
   insn(s) values for the regs they set into the expressions in
   the later insns that refer to these regs.  If the result is a valid insn
   for our target machine, according to the machine description,
   we install it, delete the earlier insns, and update the data flow
   information (LOG_LINKS and REG_NOTES) for what we did.

   There are a few exceptions where the dataflow information created by
   flow.c aren't completely updated:

   - reg_live_length is not updated
   - reg_n_refs is not adjusted in the rare case when a register is
     no longer required in a computation
   - there are extremely rare cases (see distribute_regnotes) when a
     REG_DEAD note is lost
   - a LOG_LINKS entry that refers to an insn with multiple SETs may be
     removed because there is no way to know which register it was 
     linking

   To simplify substitution, we combine only when the earlier insn(s)
   consist of only a single assignment.  To simplify updating afterward,
   we never combine when a subroutine call appears in the middle.

   Since we do not represent assignments to CC0 explicitly except when that
   is all an insn does, there is no LOG_LINKS entry in an insn that uses
   the condition code for the insn that set the condition code.
   Fortunately, these two insns must be consecutive.
   Therefore, every JUMP_INSN is taken to have an implicit logical link
   to the preceding insn.  This is not quite right, since non-jumps can
   also use the condition code; but in practice such insns would not
   combine anyway.  */

#include "config.h"
#include "system.h"
#include "rtl.h" /* stdio.h must precede rtl.h for FFS.  */
#include "flags.h"
#include "regs.h"
#include "hard-reg-set.h"
#include "basic-block.h"
#include "insn-config.h"
/* Include expr.h after insn-config.h so we get HAVE_conditional_move. */
#include "expr.h"
#include "insn-flags.h"
#include "insn-codes.h"
#include "insn-attr.h"
#include "recog.h"
#include "real.h"
#include "toplev.h"

/* It is not safe to use ordinary gen_lowpart in combine.
   Use gen_lowpart_for_combine instead.  See comments there.  */
#define gen_lowpart dont_use_gen_lowpart_you_dummy

/* Number of attempts to combine instructions in this function.  */

static int combine_attempts;

/* Number of attempts that got as far as substitution in this function.  */

static int combine_merges;

/* Number of instructions combined with added SETs in this function.  */

static int combine_extras;

/* Number of instructions combined in this function.  */

static int combine_successes;

/* Totals over entire compilation.  */

static int total_attempts, total_merges, total_extras, total_successes;

/* Define a default value for REVERSIBLE_CC_MODE.
   We can never assume that a condition code mode is safe to reverse unless
   the md tells us so.  */
#ifndef REVERSIBLE_CC_MODE
#define REVERSIBLE_CC_MODE(MODE) 0
#endif

/* Vector mapping INSN_UIDs to cuids.
   The cuids are like uids but increase monotonically always.
   Combine always uses cuids so that it can compare them.
   But actually renumbering the uids, which we used to do,
   proves to be a bad idea because it makes it hard to compare
   the dumps produced by earlier passes with those from later passes.  */

static int *uid_cuid;
static int max_uid_cuid;

/* Get the cuid of an insn.  */

#define INSN_CUID(INSN) \
(INSN_UID (INSN) > max_uid_cuid ? insn_cuid (INSN) : uid_cuid[INSN_UID (INSN)])

/* Maximum register number, which is the size of the tables below.  */

static int combine_max_regno;

/* Record last point of death of (hard or pseudo) register n.  */

static rtx *reg_last_death;

/* Record last point of modification of (hard or pseudo) register n.  */

static rtx *reg_last_set;

/* Record the cuid of the last insn that invalidated memory
   (anything that writes memory, and subroutine calls, but not pushes).  */

static int mem_last_set;

/* Record the cuid of the last CALL_INSN
   so we can tell whether a potential combination crosses any calls.  */

static int last_call_cuid;

/* When `subst' is called, this is the insn that is being modified
   (by combining in a previous insn).  The PATTERN of this insn
   is still the old pattern partially modified and it should not be
   looked at, but this may be used to examine the successors of the insn
   to judge whether a simplification is valid.  */

static rtx subst_insn;

/* This is an insn that belongs before subst_insn, but is not currently
   on the insn chain.  */

static rtx subst_prev_insn;

/* This is the lowest CUID that `subst' is currently dealing with.
   get_last_value will not return a value if the register was set at or
   after this CUID.  If not for this mechanism, we could get confused if
   I2 or I1 in try_combine were an insn that used the old value of a register
   to obtain a new value.  In that case, we might erroneously get the
   new value of the register when we wanted the old one.  */

static int subst_low_cuid;

/* This contains any hard registers that are used in newpat; reg_dead_at_p
   must consider all these registers to be always live.  */

static HARD_REG_SET newpat_used_regs;

/* This is an insn to which a LOG_LINKS entry has been added.  If this
   insn is the earlier than I2 or I3, combine should rescan starting at
   that location.  */

static rtx added_links_insn;

/* Basic block number of the block in which we are performing combines.  */
static int this_basic_block;

/* The next group of arrays allows the recording of the last value assigned
   to (hard or pseudo) register n.  We use this information to see if a
   operation being processed is redundant given a prior operation performed
   on the register.  For example, an `and' with a constant is redundant if
   all the zero bits are already known to be turned off.

   We use an approach similar to that used by cse, but change it in the
   following ways:

   (1) We do not want to reinitialize at each label.
   (2) It is useful, but not critical, to know the actual value assigned
       to a register.  Often just its form is helpful.

   Therefore, we maintain the following arrays:

   reg_last_set_value		the last value assigned
   reg_last_set_label		records the value of label_tick when the
				register was assigned
   reg_last_set_table_tick	records the value of label_tick when a
				value using the register is assigned
   reg_last_set_invalid		set to non-zero when it is not valid
				to use the value of this register in some
				register's value

   To understand the usage of these tables, it is important to understand
   the distinction between the value in reg_last_set_value being valid
   and the register being validly contained in some other expression in the
   table.

   Entry I in reg_last_set_value is valid if it is non-zero, and either
   reg_n_sets[i] is 1 or reg_last_set_label[i] == label_tick.

   Register I may validly appear in any expression returned for the value
   of another register if reg_n_sets[i] is 1.  It may also appear in the
   value for register J if reg_last_set_label[i] < reg_last_set_label[j] or
   reg_last_set_invalid[j] is zero.

   If an expression is found in the table containing a register which may
   not validly appear in an expression, the register is replaced by
   something that won't match, (clobber (const_int 0)).

   reg_last_set_invalid[i] is set non-zero when register I is being assigned
   to and reg_last_set_table_tick[i] == label_tick.  */

/* Record last value assigned to (hard or pseudo) register n.  */

static rtx *reg_last_set_value;

/* Record the value of label_tick when the value for register n is placed in
   reg_last_set_value[n].  */

static int *reg_last_set_label;

/* Record the value of label_tick when an expression involving register n
   is placed in reg_last_set_value.  */

static int *reg_last_set_table_tick;

/* Set non-zero if references to register n in expressions should not be
   used.  */

static char *reg_last_set_invalid;

/* Incremented for each label.  */

static int label_tick;

/* Some registers that are set more than once and used in more than one
   basic block are nevertheless always set in similar ways.  For example,
   a QImode register may be loaded from memory in two places on a machine
   where byte loads zero extend.

   We record in the following array what we know about the nonzero
   bits of a register, specifically which bits are known to be zero.

   If an entry is zero, it means that we don't know anything special.  */

static unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT *reg_nonzero_bits;

/* Mode used to compute significance in reg_nonzero_bits.  It is the largest
   integer mode that can fit in HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT.  */

static enum machine_mode nonzero_bits_mode;

/* Nonzero if we know that a register has some leading bits that are always
   equal to the sign bit.  */

static char *reg_sign_bit_copies;

/* Nonzero when reg_nonzero_bits and reg_sign_bit_copies can be safely used.
   It is zero while computing them and after combine has completed.  This
   former test prevents propagating values based on previously set values,
   which can be incorrect if a variable is modified in a loop.  */

static int nonzero_sign_valid;

/* These arrays are maintained in parallel with reg_last_set_value
   and are used to store the mode in which the register was last set,
   the bits that were known to be zero when it was last set, and the
   number of sign bits copies it was known to have when it was last set.  */

static enum machine_mode *reg_last_set_mode;
static unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT *reg_last_set_nonzero_bits;
static char *reg_last_set_sign_bit_copies;

/* Record one modification to rtl structure
   to be undone by storing old_contents into *where.
   is_int is 1 if the contents are an int.  */

struct undo
{
  struct undo *next;
  int is_int;
  union {rtx r; int i;} old_contents;
  union {rtx *r; int *i;} where;
};

/* Record a bunch of changes to be undone, up to MAX_UNDO of them.
   num_undo says how many are currently recorded.

   storage is nonzero if we must undo the allocation of new storage.
   The value of storage is what to pass to obfree.

   other_insn is nonzero if we have modified some other insn in the process
   of working on subst_insn.  It must be verified too.

   previous_undos is the value of undobuf.undos when we started processing
   this substitution.  This will prevent gen_rtx_combine from re-used a piece
   from the previous expression.  Doing so can produce circular rtl
   structures.  */

struct undobuf
{
  char *storage;
  struct undo *undos;
  struct undo *frees;
  struct undo *previous_undos;
  rtx other_insn;
};

static struct undobuf undobuf;

/* Substitute NEWVAL, an rtx expression, into INTO, a place in some
   insn.  The substitution can be undone by undo_all.  If INTO is already
   set to NEWVAL, do not record this change.  Because computing NEWVAL might
   also call SUBST, we have to compute it before we put anything into
   the undo table.  */

#define SUBST(INTO, NEWVAL)  \
 do { rtx _new = (NEWVAL);					\
      struct undo *_buf;					\
								\
      if (undobuf.frees)					\
	_buf = undobuf.frees, undobuf.frees = _buf->next;	\
      else							\
	_buf = (struct undo *) xmalloc (sizeof (struct undo));	\
								\
      _buf->is_int = 0;						\
      _buf->where.r = &INTO;					\
      _buf->old_contents.r = INTO;				\
      INTO = _new;						\
      if (_buf->old_contents.r == INTO)				\
	_buf->next = undobuf.frees, undobuf.frees = _buf;	\
      else							\
	_buf->next = undobuf.undos, undobuf.undos = _buf;	\
    } while (0)

/* Similar to SUBST, but NEWVAL is an int expression.  Note that substitution
   for the value of a HOST_WIDE_INT value (including CONST_INT) is
   not safe.  */

#define SUBST_INT(INTO, NEWVAL)  \
 do { struct undo *_buf;					\
								\
      if (undobuf.frees)					\
	_buf = undobuf.frees, undobuf.frees = _buf->next;	\
      else							\
	_buf = (struct undo *) xmalloc (sizeof (struct undo));	\
								\
      _buf->is_int = 1;						\
      _buf->where.i = (int *) &INTO;				\
      _buf->old_contents.i = INTO;				\
      INTO = NEWVAL;						\
      if (_buf->old_contents.i == INTO)				\
	_buf->next = undobuf.frees, undobuf.frees = _buf;	\
      else							\
	_buf->next = undobuf.undos, undobuf.undos = _buf;	\
     } while (0)

/* Number of times the pseudo being substituted for
   was found and replaced.  */

static int n_occurrences;

static void init_reg_last_arrays	PROTO((void));
static void setup_incoming_promotions   PROTO((void));
static void set_nonzero_bits_and_sign_copies  PROTO((rtx, rtx));
static int cant_combine_insn_p	PROTO((rtx));
static int can_combine_p	PROTO((rtx, rtx, rtx, rtx, rtx *, rtx *));
static int sets_function_arg_p	PROTO((rtx));
static int combinable_i3pat	PROTO((rtx, rtx *, rtx, rtx, int, rtx *));
static rtx try_combine		PROTO((rtx, rtx, rtx));
static void undo_all		PROTO((void));
static rtx *find_split_point	PROTO((rtx *, rtx));
static rtx subst		PROTO((rtx, rtx, rtx, int, int));
static rtx simplify_rtx		PROTO((rtx, enum machine_mode, int, int));
static rtx simplify_if_then_else  PROTO((rtx));
static rtx simplify_set		PROTO((rtx));
static rtx simplify_logical	PROTO((rtx, int));
static rtx expand_compound_operation  PROTO((rtx));
static rtx expand_field_assignment  PROTO((rtx));
static rtx make_extraction	PROTO((enum machine_mode, rtx, int, rtx, int,
				       int, int, int));
static rtx extract_left_shift	PROTO((rtx, int));
static rtx make_compound_operation  PROTO((rtx, enum rtx_code));
static int get_pos_from_mask	PROTO((unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT, int *));
static rtx force_to_mode	PROTO((rtx, enum machine_mode,
				       unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT, rtx, int));
static rtx if_then_else_cond	PROTO((rtx, rtx *, rtx *));
static rtx known_cond		PROTO((rtx, enum rtx_code, rtx, rtx));
static int rtx_equal_for_field_assignment_p PROTO((rtx, rtx));
static rtx make_field_assignment  PROTO((rtx));
static rtx apply_distributive_law  PROTO((rtx));
static rtx simplify_and_const_int  PROTO((rtx, enum machine_mode, rtx,
					  unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT));
static unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT nonzero_bits  PROTO((rtx, enum machine_mode));
static int num_sign_bit_copies  PROTO((rtx, enum machine_mode));
static int merge_outer_ops	PROTO((enum rtx_code *, HOST_WIDE_INT *,
				       enum rtx_code, HOST_WIDE_INT,
				       enum machine_mode, int *));
static rtx simplify_shift_const	PROTO((rtx, enum rtx_code, enum machine_mode,
				       rtx, int));
static int recog_for_combine	PROTO((rtx *, rtx, rtx *));
static rtx gen_lowpart_for_combine  PROTO((enum machine_mode, rtx));
static rtx gen_rtx_combine PVPROTO((enum rtx_code code, enum machine_mode mode,
				  ...));
static rtx gen_binary		PROTO((enum rtx_code, enum machine_mode,
				       rtx, rtx));
static rtx gen_unary		PROTO((enum rtx_code, enum machine_mode,
				       enum machine_mode, rtx));
static enum rtx_code simplify_comparison  PROTO((enum rtx_code, rtx *, rtx *));
static int reversible_comparison_p  PROTO((rtx));
static void update_table_tick	PROTO((rtx));
static void record_value_for_reg  PROTO((rtx, rtx, rtx));
static void record_dead_and_set_regs_1  PROTO((rtx, rtx));
static void record_dead_and_set_regs  PROTO((rtx));
static int get_last_value_validate  PROTO((rtx *, rtx, int, int));
static rtx get_last_value	PROTO((rtx));
static int use_crosses_set_p	PROTO((rtx, int));
static void reg_dead_at_p_1	PROTO((rtx, rtx));
static int reg_dead_at_p	PROTO((rtx, rtx));
static void move_deaths		PROTO((rtx, rtx, int, rtx, rtx *));
static int reg_bitfield_target_p  PROTO((rtx, rtx));
static void distribute_notes	PROTO((rtx, rtx, rtx, rtx, rtx, rtx));
static void distribute_links	PROTO((rtx));
static void mark_used_regs_combine PROTO((rtx));
static int insn_cuid		PROTO((rtx));

/* Main entry point for combiner.  F is the first insn of the function.
   NREGS is the first unused pseudo-reg number.  */

void
combine_instructions (f, nregs)
     rtx f;
     int nregs;
{
  register rtx insn, next;
#ifdef HAVE_cc0
  register rtx prev;
#endif
  register int i;
  register rtx links, nextlinks;

  combine_attempts = 0;
  combine_merges = 0;
  combine_extras = 0;
  combine_successes = 0;
  undobuf.undos = undobuf.previous_undos = 0;

  combine_max_regno = nregs;

  reg_nonzero_bits
    = (unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT *) alloca (nregs * sizeof (HOST_WIDE_INT));
  reg_sign_bit_copies = (char *) alloca (nregs * sizeof (char));

  bzero ((char *) reg_nonzero_bits, nregs * sizeof (HOST_WIDE_INT));
  bzero (reg_sign_bit_copies, nregs * sizeof (char));

  reg_last_death = (rtx *) alloca (nregs * sizeof (rtx));
  reg_last_set = (rtx *) alloca (nregs * sizeof (rtx));
  reg_last_set_value = (rtx *) alloca (nregs * sizeof (rtx));
  reg_last_set_table_tick = (int *) alloca (nregs * sizeof (int));
  reg_last_set_label = (int *) alloca (nregs * sizeof (int));
  reg_last_set_invalid = (char *) alloca (nregs * sizeof (char));
  reg_last_set_mode
    = (enum machine_mode *) alloca (nregs * sizeof (enum machine_mode));
  reg_last_set_nonzero_bits
    = (unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT *) alloca (nregs * sizeof (HOST_WIDE_INT));
  reg_last_set_sign_bit_copies
    = (char *) alloca (nregs * sizeof (char));

  init_reg_last_arrays ();

  init_recog_no_volatile ();

  /* Compute maximum uid value so uid_cuid can be allocated.  */

  for (insn = f, i = 0; insn; insn = NEXT_INSN (insn))
    if (INSN_UID (insn) > i)
      i = INSN_UID (insn);

  uid_cuid = (int *) alloca ((i + 1) * sizeof (int));
  max_uid_cuid = i;

  nonzero_bits_mode = mode_for_size (HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT, MODE_INT, 0);

  /* Don't use reg_nonzero_bits when computing it.  This can cause problems
     when, for example, we have j <<= 1 in a loop.  */

  nonzero_sign_valid = 0;

  /* Compute the mapping from uids to cuids.
     Cuids are numbers assigned to insns, like uids,
     except that cuids increase monotonically through the code. 

     Scan all SETs and see if we can deduce anything about what
     bits are known to be zero for some registers and how many copies
     of the sign bit are known to exist for those registers.

     Also set any known values so that we can use it while searching
     for what bits are known to be set.  */

  label_tick = 1;

  /* We need to initialize it here, because record_dead_and_set_regs may call
     get_last_value.  */
  subst_prev_insn = NULL_RTX;

  setup_incoming_promotions ();

  for (insn = f, i = 0; insn; insn = NEXT_INSN (insn))
    {
      uid_cuid[INSN_UID (insn)] = ++i;
      subst_low_cuid = i;
      subst_insn = insn;

      if (GET_RTX_CLASS (GET_CODE (insn)) == 'i')
	{
	  note_stores (PATTERN (insn), set_nonzero_bits_and_sign_copies);
	  record_dead_and_set_regs (insn);

#ifdef AUTO_INC_DEC
	  for (links = REG_NOTES (insn); links; links = XEXP (links, 1))
	    if (REG_NOTE_KIND (links) == REG_INC)
	      set_nonzero_bits_and_sign_copies (XEXP (links, 0), NULL_RTX);
#endif
	}

      if (GET_CODE (insn) == CODE_LABEL)
	label_tick++;
    }

  nonzero_sign_valid = 1;

  /* Now scan all the insns in forward order.  */

  this_basic_block = -1;
  label_tick = 1;
  last_call_cuid = 0;
  mem_last_set = 0;
  init_reg_last_arrays ();
  setup_incoming_promotions ();

  for (insn = f; insn; insn = next ? next : NEXT_INSN (insn))
    {
      next = 0;

      /* If INSN starts a new basic block, update our basic block number.  */
      if (this_basic_block + 1 < n_basic_blocks
	  && BLOCK_HEAD (this_basic_block + 1) == insn)
	this_basic_block++;

      if (GET_CODE (insn) == CODE_LABEL)
	label_tick++;

      else if (GET_RTX_CLASS (GET_CODE (insn)) == 'i')
	{
	  /* Try this insn with each insn it links back to.  */

	  for (links = LOG_LINKS (insn); links; links = XEXP (links, 1))
	    if ((next = try_combine (insn, XEXP (links, 0), NULL_RTX)) != 0)
	      goto retry;

	  /* Try each sequence of three linked insns ending with this one.  */

	  for (links = LOG_LINKS (insn); links; links = XEXP (links, 1))
	    for (nextlinks = LOG_LINKS (XEXP (links, 0)); nextlinks;
		 nextlinks = XEXP (nextlinks, 1))
	      if ((next = try_combine (insn, XEXP (links, 0),
				       XEXP (nextlinks, 0))) != 0)
		goto retry;

#ifdef HAVE_cc0
	  /* Try to combine a jump insn that uses CC0
	     with a preceding insn that sets CC0, and maybe with its
	     logical predecessor as well.
	     This is how we make decrement-and-branch insns.
	     We need this special code because data flow connections
	     via CC0 do not get entered in LOG_LINKS.  */

	  if (GET_CODE (insn) == JUMP_INSN
	      && (prev = prev_nonnote_insn (insn)) != 0
	      && GET_CODE (prev) == INSN
	      && sets_cc0_p (PATTERN (prev)))
	    {
	      if ((next = try_combine (insn, prev, NULL_RTX)) != 0)
		goto retry;

	      for (nextlinks = LOG_LINKS (prev); nextlinks;
		   nextlinks = XEXP (nextlinks, 1))
		if ((next = try_combine (insn, prev,
					 XEXP (nextlinks, 0))) != 0)
		  goto retry;
	    }

	  /* Do the same for an insn that explicitly references CC0.  */
	  if (GET_CODE (insn) == INSN
	      && (prev = prev_nonnote_insn (insn)) != 0
	      && GET_CODE (prev) == INSN
	      && sets_cc0_p (PATTERN (prev))
	      && GET_CODE (PATTERN (insn)) == SET
	      && reg_mentioned_p (cc0_rtx, SET_SRC (PATTERN (insn))))
	    {
	      if ((next = try_combine (insn, prev, NULL_RTX)) != 0)
		goto retry;

	      for (nextlinks = LOG_LINKS (prev); nextlinks;
		   nextlinks = XEXP (nextlinks, 1))
		if ((next = try_combine (insn, prev,
					 XEXP (nextlinks, 0))) != 0)
		  goto retry;
	    }

	  /* Finally, see if any of the insns that this insn links to
	     explicitly references CC0.  If so, try this insn, that insn,
	     and its predecessor if it sets CC0.  */
	  for (links = LOG_LINKS (insn); links; links = XEXP (links, 1))
	    if (GET_CODE (XEXP (links, 0)) == INSN
		&& GET_CODE (PATTERN (XEXP (links, 0))) == SET
		&& reg_mentioned_p (cc0_rtx, SET_SRC (PATTERN (XEXP (links, 0))))
		&& (prev = prev_nonnote_insn (XEXP (links, 0))) != 0
		&& GET_CODE (prev) == INSN
		&& sets_cc0_p (PATTERN (prev))
		&& (next = try_combine (insn, XEXP (links, 0), prev)) != 0)
	      goto retry;
#endif

	  /* Try combining an insn with two different insns whose results it
	     uses.  */
	  for (links = LOG_LINKS (insn); links; links = XEXP (links, 1))
	    for (nextlinks = XEXP (links, 1); nextlinks;
		 nextlinks = XEXP (nextlinks, 1))
	      if ((next = try_combine (insn, XEXP (links, 0),
				       XEXP (nextlinks, 0))) != 0)
		goto retry;

	  if (GET_CODE (insn) != NOTE)
	    record_dead_and_set_regs (insn);

	retry:
	  ;
	}
    }

  total_attempts += combine_attempts;
  total_merges += combine_merges;
  total_extras += combine_extras;
  total_successes += combine_successes;

  nonzero_sign_valid = 0;

  /* Make recognizer allow volatile MEMs again.  */
  init_recog ();
}

/* Wipe the reg_last_xxx arrays in preparation for another pass.  */

static void
init_reg_last_arrays ()
{
  int nregs = combine_max_regno;

  bzero ((char *) reg_last_death, nregs * sizeof (rtx));
  bzero ((char *) reg_last_set, nregs * sizeof (rtx));
  bzero ((char *) reg_last_set_value, nregs * sizeof (rtx));
  bzero ((char *) reg_last_set_table_tick, nregs * sizeof (int));
  bzero ((char *) reg_last_set_label, nregs * sizeof (int));
  bzero (reg_last_set_invalid, nregs * sizeof (char));
  bzero ((char *) reg_last_set_mode, nregs * sizeof (enum machine_mode));
  bzero ((char *) reg_last_set_nonzero_bits, nregs * sizeof (HOST_WIDE_INT));
  bzero (reg_last_set_sign_bit_copies, nregs * sizeof (char));
}

/* Set up any promoted values for incoming argument registers.  */

static void
setup_incoming_promotions ()
{
#ifdef PROMOTE_FUNCTION_ARGS
  int regno;
  rtx reg;
  enum machine_mode mode;
  int unsignedp;
  rtx first = get_insns ();

  for (regno = 0; regno < FIRST_PSEUDO_REGISTER; regno++)
    if (FUNCTION_ARG_REGNO_P (regno)
	&& (reg = promoted_input_arg (regno, &mode, &unsignedp)) != 0)
      {
	record_value_for_reg
	  (reg, first, gen_rtx_fmt_e ((unsignedp ? ZERO_EXTEND
				       : SIGN_EXTEND),
				      GET_MODE (reg),
				      gen_rtx_CLOBBER (mode, const0_rtx)));
      }
#endif
}

/* Called via note_stores.  If X is a pseudo that is narrower than
   HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT and is being set, record what bits are known zero.

   If we are setting only a portion of X and we can't figure out what
   portion, assume all bits will be used since we don't know what will
   be happening.

   Similarly, set how many bits of X are known to be copies of the sign bit
   at all locations in the function.  This is the smallest number implied 
   by any set of X.  */

static void
set_nonzero_bits_and_sign_copies (x, set)
     rtx x;
     rtx set;
{
  int num;

  if (GET_CODE (x) == REG
      && REGNO (x) >= FIRST_PSEUDO_REGISTER
      /* If this register is undefined at the start of the file, we can't
	 say what its contents were.  */
      && ! REGNO_REG_SET_P (BASIC_BLOCK (0)->global_live_at_start, REGNO (x))
      && GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (x)) <= HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT)
    {
      if (set == 0 || GET_CODE (set) == CLOBBER)
	{
	  reg_nonzero_bits[REGNO (x)] = GET_MODE_MASK (GET_MODE (x));
	  reg_sign_bit_copies[REGNO (x)] = 1;
	  return;
	}

      /* If this is a complex assignment, see if we can convert it into a
	 simple assignment.  */
      set = expand_field_assignment (set);

      /* If this is a simple assignment, or we have a paradoxical SUBREG,
	 set what we know about X.  */

      if (SET_DEST (set) == x
	  || (GET_CODE (SET_DEST (set)) == SUBREG
	      && (GET_MODE_SIZE (GET_MODE (SET_DEST (set)))
		  > GET_MODE_SIZE (GET_MODE (SUBREG_REG (SET_DEST (set)))))
	      && SUBREG_REG (SET_DEST (set)) == x))
	{
	  rtx src = SET_SRC (set);

#ifdef SHORT_IMMEDIATES_SIGN_EXTEND
	  /* If X is narrower than a word and SRC is a non-negative
	     constant that would appear negative in the mode of X,
	     sign-extend it for use in reg_nonzero_bits because some
	     machines (maybe most) will actually do the sign-extension
	     and this is the conservative approach. 

	     ??? For 2.5, try to tighten up the MD files in this regard
	     instead of this kludge.  */

	  if (GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (x)) < BITS_PER_WORD
	      && GET_CODE (src) == CONST_INT
	      && INTVAL (src) > 0
	      && 0 != (INTVAL (src)
		       & ((HOST_WIDE_INT) 1
			  << (GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (x)) - 1))))
	    src = GEN_INT (INTVAL (src)
			   | ((HOST_WIDE_INT) (-1)
			      << GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (x))));
#endif

	  reg_nonzero_bits[REGNO (x)]
	    |= nonzero_bits (src, nonzero_bits_mode);
	  num = num_sign_bit_copies (SET_SRC (set), GET_MODE (x));
	  if (reg_sign_bit_copies[REGNO (x)] == 0
	      || reg_sign_bit_copies[REGNO (x)] > num)
	    reg_sign_bit_copies[REGNO (x)] = num;
	}
      else
	{
	  reg_nonzero_bits[REGNO (x)] = GET_MODE_MASK (GET_MODE (x));
	  reg_sign_bit_copies[REGNO (x)] = 1;
	}
    }
}

/* See if INSN can be combined into I3.  PRED and SUCC are optionally
   insns that were previously combined into I3 or that will be combined
   into the merger of INSN and I3.

   Return 0 if the combination is not allowed for any reason.

   If the combination is allowed, *PDEST will be set to the single 
   destination of INSN and *PSRC to the single source, and this function
   will return 1.  */

static int
can_combine_p (insn, i3, pred, succ, pdest, psrc)
     rtx insn;
     rtx i3;
     rtx pred ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED;
     rtx succ;
     rtx *pdest, *psrc;
{
  int i;
  rtx set = 0, src, dest;
  rtx p;
#ifdef AUTO_INC_DEC
  rtx link;
#endif
  int all_adjacent = (succ ? (next_active_insn (insn) == succ
			      && next_active_insn (succ) == i3)
		      : next_active_insn (insn) == i3);

  /* Can combine only if previous insn is a SET of a REG, a SUBREG or CC0.
     or a PARALLEL consisting of such a SET and CLOBBERs. 

     If INSN has CLOBBER parallel parts, ignore them for our processing.
     By definition, these happen during the execution of the insn.  When it
     is merged with another insn, all bets are off.  If they are, in fact,
     needed and aren't also supplied in I3, they may be added by
     recog_for_combine.  Otherwise, it won't match. 

     We can also ignore a SET whose SET_DEST is mentioned in a REG_UNUSED
     note.

     Get the source and destination of INSN.  If more than one, can't 
     combine.  */
     
  if (GET_CODE (PATTERN (insn)) == SET)
    set = PATTERN (insn);
  else if (GET_CODE (PATTERN (insn)) == PARALLEL
	   && GET_CODE (XVECEXP (PATTERN (insn), 0, 0)) == SET)
    {
      for (i = 0; i < XVECLEN (PATTERN (insn), 0); i++)
	{
	  rtx elt = XVECEXP (PATTERN (insn), 0, i);

	  switch (GET_CODE (elt))
	    {
	    /* This is important to combine floating point insns
	       for the SH4 port.  */
	    case USE:
	      /* Combining an isolated USE doesn't make sense.
		 We depend here on combinable_i3_pat to reject them.  */
	      /* The code below this loop only verifies that the inputs of
		 the SET in INSN do not change.  We call reg_set_between_p
		 to verify that the REG in the USE does not change betweeen
		 I3 and INSN.
		 If the USE in INSN was for a pseudo register, the matching
		 insn pattern will likely match any register; combining this
		 with any other USE would only be safe if we knew that the
		 used registers have identical values, or if there was
		 something to tell them apart, e.g. different modes.  For
		 now, we forgo such compilcated tests and simply disallow
		 combining of USES of pseudo registers with any other USE.  */
	      if (GET_CODE (XEXP (elt, 0)) == REG
		  && GET_CODE (PATTERN (i3)) == PARALLEL)
		{
		  rtx i3pat = PATTERN (i3);
		  int i = XVECLEN (i3pat, 0) - 1;
		  int regno = REGNO (XEXP (elt, 0));
		  do
		    {
		      rtx i3elt = XVECEXP (i3pat, 0, i);
		      if (GET_CODE (i3elt) == USE
			  && GET_CODE (XEXP (i3elt, 0)) == REG
			  && (REGNO (XEXP (i3elt, 0)) == regno
			      ? reg_set_between_p (XEXP (elt, 0),
						   PREV_INSN (insn), i3)
			      : regno >= FIRST_PSEUDO_REGISTER))
			return 0;
		    }
		  while (--i >= 0);
		}
	      break;

	      /* We can ignore CLOBBERs.  */
	    case CLOBBER:
	      break;

	    case SET:
	      /* Ignore SETs whose result isn't used but not those that
		 have side-effects.  */
	      if (find_reg_note (insn, REG_UNUSED, SET_DEST (elt))
		  && ! side_effects_p (elt))
		break;

	      /* If we have already found a SET, this is a second one and
		 so we cannot combine with this insn.  */
	      if (set)
		return 0;

	      set = elt;
	      break;

	    default:
	      /* Anything else means we can't combine.  */
	      return 0;
	    }
	}

      if (set == 0
	  /* If SET_SRC is an ASM_OPERANDS we can't throw away these CLOBBERs,
	     so don't do anything with it.  */
	  || GET_CODE (SET_SRC (set)) == ASM_OPERANDS)
	return 0;
    }
  else
    return 0;

  if (set == 0)
    return 0;

  set = expand_field_assignment (set);
  src = SET_SRC (set), dest = SET_DEST (set);

  /* Don't eliminate a store in the stack pointer.  */
  if (dest == stack_pointer_rtx
      /* If we couldn't eliminate a field assignment, we can't combine.  */
      || GET_CODE (dest) == ZERO_EXTRACT || GET_CODE (dest) == STRICT_LOW_PART
      /* Don't combine with an insn that sets a register to itself if it has
	 a REG_EQUAL note.  This may be part of a REG_NO_CONFLICT sequence.  */
      || (rtx_equal_p (src, dest) && find_reg_note (insn, REG_EQUAL, NULL_RTX))
      /* Can't merge a function call.  */
      || GET_CODE (src) == CALL
      /* Don't eliminate a function call argument.  */
      || (GET_CODE (i3) == CALL_INSN
	  && (find_reg_fusage (i3, USE, dest)
	      || (GET_CODE (dest) == REG
		  && REGNO (dest) < FIRST_PSEUDO_REGISTER
		  && global_regs[REGNO (dest)])))
      /* Don't substitute into an incremented register.  */
      || FIND_REG_INC_NOTE (i3, dest)
      || (succ && FIND_REG_INC_NOTE (succ, dest))
#if 0
      /* Don't combine the end of a libcall into anything.  */
      /* ??? This gives worse code, and appears to be unnecessary, since no
	 pass after flow uses REG_LIBCALL/REG_RETVAL notes.  Local-alloc does
	 use REG_RETVAL notes for noconflict blocks, but other code here
	 makes sure that those insns don't disappear.  */
      || find_reg_note (insn, REG_RETVAL, NULL_RTX)
#endif
      /* Make sure that DEST is not used after SUCC but before I3.  */
      || (succ && ! all_adjacent
	  && reg_used_between_p (dest, succ, i3))
      /* Make sure that the value that is to be substituted for the register
	 does not use any registers whose values alter in between.  However,
	 If the insns are adjacent, a use can't cross a set even though we
	 think it might (this can happen for a sequence of insns each setting
	 the same destination; reg_last_set of that register might point to
	 a NOTE).  If INSN has a REG_EQUIV note, the register is always
	 equivalent to the memory so the substitution is valid even if there
	 are intervening stores.  Also, don't move a volatile asm or
	 UNSPEC_VOLATILE across any other insns.  */
      || (! all_adjacent
	  && (((GET_CODE (src) != MEM
		|| ! find_reg_note (insn, REG_EQUIV, src))
	       && use_crosses_set_p (src, INSN_CUID (insn)))
	      || (GET_CODE (src) == ASM_OPERANDS && MEM_VOLATILE_P (src))
	      || GET_CODE (src) == UNSPEC_VOLATILE))
      /* If there is a REG_NO_CONFLICT note for DEST in I3 or SUCC, we get
	 better register allocation by not doing the combine.  */
      || find_reg_note (i3, REG_NO_CONFLICT, dest)
      || (succ && find_reg_note (succ, REG_NO_CONFLICT, dest))
      /* Don't combine across a CALL_INSN, because that would possibly
	 change whether the life span of some REGs crosses calls or not,
	 and it is a pain to update that information.
	 Exception: if source is a constant, moving it later can't hurt.
	 Accept that special case, because it helps -fforce-addr a lot.  */
      || (INSN_CUID (insn) < last_call_cuid && ! CONSTANT_P (src)))
    return 0;

  /* DEST must either be a REG or CC0.  */
  if (GET_CODE (dest) == REG)
    {
      /* If register alignment is being enforced for multi-word items in all
	 cases except for parameters, it is possible to have a register copy
	 insn referencing a hard register that is not allowed to contain the
	 mode being copied and which would not be valid as an operand of most
	 insns.  Eliminate this problem by not combining with such an insn.

	 Also, on some machines we don't want to extend the life of a hard
	 register.

	 This is the same test done in can_combine except that we don't test
	 if SRC is a CALL operation to permit a hard register with
	 SMALL_REGISTER_CLASSES, and that we have to take all_adjacent
	 into account.  */

      if (GET_CODE (src) == REG
	  && ((REGNO (dest) < FIRST_PSEUDO_REGISTER
	       && ! HARD_REGNO_MODE_OK (REGNO (dest), GET_MODE (dest)))
	      /* Don't extend the life of a hard register unless it is
		 user variable (if we have few registers) or it can't
		 fit into the desired register (meaning something special
		 is going on).
		 Also avoid substituting a return register into I3, because
		 reload can't handle a conflict with constraints of other
		 inputs.  */
	      || (REGNO (src) < FIRST_PSEUDO_REGISTER
		  && (! HARD_REGNO_MODE_OK (REGNO (src), GET_MODE (src))
		      || (SMALL_REGISTER_CLASSES
			  && ((! all_adjacent && ! REG_USERVAR_P (src))
			      || (FUNCTION_VALUE_REGNO_P (REGNO (src))
				  && ! REG_USERVAR_P (src))))))))
	return 0;
    }
  else if (GET_CODE (dest) != CC0)
    return 0;

  /* Don't substitute for a register intended as a clobberable operand.
     Similarly, don't substitute an expression containing a register that
     will be clobbered in I3.  */
  if (GET_CODE (PATTERN (i3)) == PARALLEL)
    for (i = XVECLEN (PATTERN (i3), 0) - 1; i >= 0; i--)
      if (GET_CODE (XVECEXP (PATTERN (i3), 0, i)) == CLOBBER
	  && (reg_overlap_mentioned_p (XEXP (XVECEXP (PATTERN (i3), 0, i), 0),
				       src)
	      || rtx_equal_p (XEXP (XVECEXP (PATTERN (i3), 0, i), 0), dest)))
	return 0;

  /* If INSN contains anything volatile, or is an `asm' (whether volatile
     or not), reject, unless nothing volatile comes between it and I3 */

  if (GET_CODE (src) == ASM_OPERANDS || volatile_refs_p (src))
    {
      /* Make sure succ doesn't contain a volatile reference.  */
      if (succ != 0 && volatile_refs_p (PATTERN (succ)))
        return 0;
  
      for (p = NEXT_INSN (insn); p != i3; p = NEXT_INSN (p))
        if (GET_RTX_CLASS (GET_CODE (p)) == 'i'
  	  && p != succ && volatile_refs_p (PATTERN (p)))
  	return 0;
    }

  /* If INSN is an asm, and DEST is a hard register, reject, since it has
     to be an explicit register variable, and was chosen for a reason.  */

  if (GET_CODE (src) == ASM_OPERANDS
      && GET_CODE (dest) == REG && REGNO (dest) < FIRST_PSEUDO_REGISTER)
    return 0;

  /* If there are any volatile insns between INSN and I3, reject, because
     they might affect machine state.  */

  for (p = NEXT_INSN (insn); p != i3; p = NEXT_INSN (p))
    if (GET_RTX_CLASS (GET_CODE (p)) == 'i'
	&& p != succ && volatile_insn_p (PATTERN (p)))
      return 0;

  /* If INSN or I2 contains an autoincrement or autodecrement,
     make sure that register is not used between there and I3,
     and not already used in I3 either.
     Also insist that I3 not be a jump; if it were one
     and the incremented register were spilled, we would lose.  */

#ifdef AUTO_INC_DEC
  for (link = REG_NOTES (insn); link; link = XEXP (link, 1))
    if (REG_NOTE_KIND (link) == REG_INC
	&& (GET_CODE (i3) == JUMP_INSN
	    || reg_used_between_p (XEXP (link, 0), insn, i3)
	    || reg_overlap_mentioned_p (XEXP (link, 0), PATTERN (i3))))
      return 0;
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_cc0
  /* Don't combine an insn that follows a CC0-setting insn.
     An insn that uses CC0 must not be separated from the one that sets it.
     We do, however, allow I2 to follow a CC0-setting insn if that insn
     is passed as I1; in that case it will be deleted also.
     We also allow combining in this case if all the insns are adjacent
     because that would leave the two CC0 insns adjacent as well.
     It would be more logical to test whether CC0 occurs inside I1 or I2,
     but that would be much slower, and this ought to be equivalent.  */

  p = prev_nonnote_insn (insn);
  if (p && p != pred && GET_CODE (p) == INSN && sets_cc0_p (PATTERN (p))
      && ! all_adjacent)
    return 0;
#endif

  /* If we get here, we have passed all the tests and the combination is
     to be allowed.  */

  *pdest = dest;
  *psrc = src;

  return 1;
}

/* Check if PAT is an insn - or a part of it - used to set up an
   argument for a function in a hard register.  */

static int
sets_function_arg_p (pat)
     rtx pat;
{
  int i;
  rtx inner_dest;

  switch (GET_CODE (pat))
    {
    case INSN:
      return sets_function_arg_p (PATTERN (pat));

    case PARALLEL:
      for (i = XVECLEN (pat, 0); --i >= 0;)
	if (sets_function_arg_p (XVECEXP (pat, 0, i)))
	  return 1;

      break;

    case SET:
      inner_dest = SET_DEST (pat);
      while (GET_CODE (inner_dest) == STRICT_LOW_PART
	     || GET_CODE (inner_dest) == SUBREG
	     || GET_CODE (inner_dest) == ZERO_EXTRACT)
	inner_dest = XEXP (inner_dest, 0);

      return (GET_CODE (inner_dest) == REG
	      && REGNO (inner_dest) < FIRST_PSEUDO_REGISTER
	      && FUNCTION_ARG_REGNO_P (REGNO (inner_dest)));

    default:
      break;
    }

  return 0;
}

/* LOC is the location within I3 that contains its pattern or the component
   of a PARALLEL of the pattern.  We validate that it is valid for combining.

   One problem is if I3 modifies its output, as opposed to replacing it
   entirely, we can't allow the output to contain I2DEST or I1DEST as doing
   so would produce an insn that is not equivalent to the original insns.

   Consider:

         (set (reg:DI 101) (reg:DI 100))
	 (set (subreg:SI (reg:DI 101) 0) <foo>)

   This is NOT equivalent to:

         (parallel [(set (subreg:SI (reg:DI 100) 0) <foo>)
	 	    (set (reg:DI 101) (reg:DI 100))])

   Not only does this modify 100 (in which case it might still be valid
   if 100 were dead in I2), it sets 101 to the ORIGINAL value of 100. 

   We can also run into a problem if I2 sets a register that I1
   uses and I1 gets directly substituted into I3 (not via I2).  In that
   case, we would be getting the wrong value of I2DEST into I3, so we
   must reject the combination.  This case occurs when I2 and I1 both
   feed into I3, rather than when I1 feeds into I2, which feeds into I3.
   If I1_NOT_IN_SRC is non-zero, it means that finding I1 in the source
   of a SET must prevent combination from occurring.

   On machines where SMALL_REGISTER_CLASSES is non-zero, we don't combine
   if the destination of a SET is a hard register that isn't a user
   variable.

   Before doing the above check, we first try to expand a field assignment
   into a set of logical operations.

   If PI3_DEST_KILLED is non-zero, it is a pointer to a location in which
   we place a register that is both set and used within I3.  If more than one
   such register is detected, we fail.

   Return 1 if the combination is valid, zero otherwise.  */

static int
combinable_i3pat (i3, loc, i2dest, i1dest, i1_not_in_src, pi3dest_killed)
     rtx i3;
     rtx *loc;
     rtx i2dest;
     rtx i1dest;
     int i1_not_in_src;
     rtx *pi3dest_killed;
{
  rtx x = *loc;

  if (GET_CODE (x) == SET)
    {
      rtx set = expand_field_assignment (x);
      rtx dest = SET_DEST (set);
      rtx src = SET_SRC (set);
      rtx inner_dest = dest;
 
#if 0
      rtx inner_src = src;
#endif

      SUBST (*loc, set);

      while (GET_CODE (inner_dest) == STRICT_LOW_PART
	     || GET_CODE (inner_dest) == SUBREG
	     || GET_CODE (inner_dest) == ZERO_EXTRACT)
	inner_dest = XEXP (inner_dest, 0);

  /* We probably don't need this any more now that LIMIT_RELOAD_CLASS
     was added.  */
#if 0
      while (GET_CODE (inner_src) == STRICT_LOW_PART
	     || GET_CODE (inner_src) == SUBREG
	     || GET_CODE (inner_src) == ZERO_EXTRACT)
	inner_src = XEXP (inner_src, 0);

      /* If it is better that two different modes keep two different pseudos,
	 avoid combining them.  This avoids producing the following pattern
	 on a 386:
	  (set (subreg:SI (reg/v:QI 21) 0)
	       (lshiftrt:SI (reg/v:SI 20)
	           (const_int 24)))
	 If that were made, reload could not handle the pair of
	 reg 20/21, since it would try to get any GENERAL_REGS
	 but some of them don't handle QImode.  */

      if (rtx_equal_p (inner_src, i2dest)
	  && GET_CODE (inner_dest) == REG
	  && ! MODES_TIEABLE_P (GET_MODE (i2dest), GET_MODE (inner_dest)))
	return 0;
#endif

      /* Check for the case where I3 modifies its output, as
	 discussed above.  */
      if ((inner_dest != dest
	   && (reg_overlap_mentioned_p (i2dest, inner_dest)
	       || (i1dest && reg_overlap_mentioned_p (i1dest, inner_dest))))

	  /* This is the same test done in can_combine_p except that we
	     allow a hard register with SMALL_REGISTER_CLASSES if SRC is a
	     CALL operation. Moreover, we can't test all_adjacent; we don't
	     have to, since this instruction will stay in place, thus we are
	     not considering increasing the lifetime of INNER_DEST.

	     Also, if this insn sets a function argument, combining it with
	     something that might need a spill could clobber a previous
	     function argument; the all_adjacent test in can_combine_p also
	     checks this; here, we do a more specific test for this case.  */
	     
	  || (GET_CODE (inner_dest) == REG
	      && REGNO (inner_dest) < FIRST_PSEUDO_REGISTER
	      && (! HARD_REGNO_MODE_OK (REGNO (inner_dest),
					GET_MODE (inner_dest))
		 || (SMALL_REGISTER_CLASSES && GET_CODE (src) != CALL
		     && ! REG_USERVAR_P (inner_dest)
		     && (FUNCTION_VALUE_REGNO_P (REGNO (inner_dest))
			 || (FUNCTION_ARG_REGNO_P (REGNO (inner_dest))
			     && i3 != 0
			     && sets_function_arg_p (prev_nonnote_insn (i3)))))))
	  || (i1_not_in_src && reg_overlap_mentioned_p (i1dest, src)))
	return 0;

      /* If DEST is used in I3, it is being killed in this insn,
	 so record that for later. 
	 Never add REG_DEAD notes for the FRAME_POINTER_REGNUM or the
	 STACK_POINTER_REGNUM, since these are always considered to be
	 live.  Similarly for ARG_POINTER_REGNUM if it is fixed.  */
      if (pi3dest_killed && GET_CODE (dest) == REG
	  && reg_referenced_p (dest, PATTERN (i3))
	  && REGNO (dest) != FRAME_POINTER_REGNUM
#if HARD_FRAME_POINTER_REGNUM != FRAME_POINTER_REGNUM
	  && REGNO (dest) != HARD_FRAME_POINTER_REGNUM
#endif
#if ARG_POINTER_REGNUM != FRAME_POINTER_REGNUM
	  && (REGNO (dest) != ARG_POINTER_REGNUM
	      || ! fixed_regs [REGNO (dest)])
#endif
	  && REGNO (dest) != STACK_POINTER_REGNUM)
	{
	  if (*pi3dest_killed)
	    return 0;

	  *pi3dest_killed = dest;
	}
    }

  else if (GET_CODE (x) == PARALLEL)
    {
      int i;

      for (i = 0; i < XVECLEN (x, 0); i++)
	if (! combinable_i3pat (i3, &XVECEXP (x, 0, i), i2dest, i1dest,
				i1_not_in_src, pi3dest_killed))
	  return 0;
    }

  return 1;
}

/* Determine whether INSN can be used in a combination.  Return nonzero if
   not.  This is used in try_combine to detect early some cases where we
   can't perform combinations.  */

static int
cant_combine_insn_p (insn)
     rtx insn;
{
  rtx set;
  rtx src, dest;
  
  /* If this isn't really an insn, we can't do anything.
     This can occur when flow deletes an insn that it has merged into an
     auto-increment address.  */
  if (GET_RTX_CLASS (GET_CODE (insn)) != 'i')
    return 1;

  /* For the 2.95.3 release, restrict this code to only handle the machines
     where it's strictly needed.  */
  if (! SMALL_REGISTER_CLASSES)
    return 0;

  /* Never combine loads and stores involving hard regs.  The register
     allocator can usually handle such reg-reg moves by tying.  If we allow
     the combiner to make substitutions of hard regs, we risk aborting in
     reload on machines that have SMALL_REGISTER_CLASSES.
     As an exception, we allow combinations involving fixed regs; these are
     not available to the register allocator so there's no risk involved.  */

  set = single_set (insn);
  if (! set)
    return 0;
  src = SET_SRC (set);
  dest = SET_DEST (set);
  if (GET_CODE (src) == SUBREG)
    src = SUBREG_REG (src);
  if (GET_CODE (dest) == SUBREG)
    dest = SUBREG_REG (dest);
  if (REG_P (src) && REG_P (dest)
      && ((REGNO (src) < FIRST_PSEUDO_REGISTER
	   && ! fixed_regs[REGNO (src)])
	  || (REGNO (dest) < FIRST_PSEUDO_REGISTER
	      && ! fixed_regs[REGNO (dest)])))
    return 1;

  return 0;
}

/* Try to combine the insns I1 and I2 into I3.
   Here I1 and I2 appear earlier than I3.
   I1 can be zero; then we combine just I2 into I3.
 
   It we are combining three insns and the resulting insn is not recognized,
   try splitting it into two insns.  If that happens, I2 and I3 are retained
   and I1 is pseudo-deleted by turning it into a NOTE.  Otherwise, I1 and I2
   are pseudo-deleted.

   Return 0 if the combination does not work.  Then nothing is changed. 
   If we did the combination, return the insn at which combine should
   resume scanning.  */

static rtx
try_combine (i3, i2, i1)
     register rtx i3, i2, i1;
{
  /* New patterns for I3 and I3, respectively.  */
  rtx newpat, newi2pat = 0;
  /* Indicates need to preserve SET in I1 or I2 in I3 if it is not dead.  */
  int added_sets_1, added_sets_2;
  /* Total number of SETs to put into I3.  */
  int total_sets;
  /* Nonzero is I2's body now appears in I3.  */
  int i2_is_used;
  /* INSN_CODEs for new I3, new I2, and user of condition code.  */
  int insn_code_number, i2_code_number, other_code_number;
  /* Contains I3 if the destination of I3 is used in its source, which means
     that the old life of I3 is being killed.  If that usage is placed into
     I2 and not in I3, a REG_DEAD note must be made.  */
  rtx i3dest_killed = 0;
  /* SET_DEST and SET_SRC of I2 and I1.  */
  rtx i2dest, i2src, i1dest = 0, i1src = 0;
  /* PATTERN (I2), or a copy of it in certain cases.  */
  rtx i2pat;
  /* Indicates if I2DEST or I1DEST is in I2SRC or I1_SRC.  */
  int i2dest_in_i2src = 0, i1dest_in_i1src = 0, i2dest_in_i1src = 0;
  int i1_feeds_i3 = 0;
  /* Notes that must be added to REG_NOTES in I3 and I2.  */
  rtx new_i3_notes, new_i2_notes;
  /* Notes that we substituted I3 into I2 instead of the normal case.  */
  int i3_subst_into_i2 = 0;
  /* Notes that I1, I2 or I3 is a MULT operation.  */
  int have_mult = 0;

  int maxreg;
  rtx temp;
  register rtx link;
  int i;

  /* Exit early if one of the insns involved can't be used for
     combinations.  */
  if (cant_combine_insn_p (i3)
      || cant_combine_insn_p (i2)
      || (i1 && cant_combine_insn_p (i1))
      /* We also can't do anything if I3 has a
	 REG_LIBCALL note since we don't want to disrupt the contiguity of a
	 libcall.  */
#if 0
      /* ??? This gives worse code, and appears to be unnecessary, since no
	 pass after flow uses REG_LIBCALL/REG_RETVAL notes.  */
      || find_reg_note (i3, REG_LIBCALL, NULL_RTX)
#endif
      )
    return 0;

  combine_attempts++;

  undobuf.undos = undobuf.previous_undos = 0;
  undobuf.other_insn = 0;

  /* Save the current high-water-mark so we can free storage if we didn't
     accept this combination.  */
  undobuf.storage = (char *) oballoc (0);

  /* Reset the hard register usage information.  */
  CLEAR_HARD_REG_SET (newpat_used_regs);

  /* If I1 and I2 both feed I3, they can be in any order.  To simplify the
     code below, set I1 to be the earlier of the two insns.  */
  if (i1 && INSN_CUID (i1) > INSN_CUID (i2))
    temp = i1, i1 = i2, i2 = temp;

  added_links_insn = 0;

  /* First check for one important special-case that the code below will
     not handle.  Namely, the case where I1 is zero, I2 has multiple sets,
     and I3 is a SET whose SET_SRC is a SET_DEST in I2.  In that case,
     we may be able to replace that destination with the destination of I3.
     This occurs in the common code where we compute both a quotient and
     remainder into a structure, in which case we want to do the computation
     directly into the structure to avoid register-register copies.

     We make very conservative checks below and only try to handle the
     most common cases of this.  For example, we only handle the case
     where I2 and I3 are adjacent to avoid making difficult register
     usage tests.  */

  if (i1 == 0 && GET_CODE (i3) == INSN && GET_CODE (PATTERN (i3)) == SET
      && GET_CODE (SET_SRC (PATTERN (i3))) == REG
      && REGNO (SET_SRC (PATTERN (i3))) >= FIRST_PSEUDO_REGISTER
      && (! SMALL_REGISTER_CLASSES
	  || (GET_CODE (SET_DEST (PATTERN (i3))) != REG
	      || REGNO (SET_DEST (PATTERN (i3))) >= FIRST_PSEUDO_REGISTER
	      || REG_USERVAR_P (SET_DEST (PATTERN (i3)))))
      && find_reg_note (i3, REG_DEAD, SET_SRC (PATTERN (i3)))
      && GET_CODE (PATTERN (i2)) == PARALLEL
      && ! side_effects_p (SET_DEST (PATTERN (i3)))
      /* If the dest of I3 is a ZERO_EXTRACT or STRICT_LOW_PART, the code
	 below would need to check what is inside (and reg_overlap_mentioned_p
	 doesn't support those codes anyway).  Don't allow those destinations;
	 the resulting insn isn't likely to be recognized anyway.  */
      && GET_CODE (SET_DEST (PATTERN (i3))) != ZERO_EXTRACT
      && GET_CODE (SET_DEST (PATTERN (i3))) != STRICT_LOW_PART
      && ! reg_overlap_mentioned_p (SET_SRC (PATTERN (i3)),
				    SET_DEST (PATTERN (i3)))
      && next_real_insn (i2) == i3)
    {
      rtx p2 = PATTERN (i2);

      /* Make sure that the destination of I3,
	 which we are going to substitute into one output of I2,
	 is not used within another output of I2.  We must avoid making this:
	 (parallel [(set (mem (reg 69)) ...)
		    (set (reg 69) ...)])
	 which is not well-defined as to order of actions.
	 (Besides, reload can't handle output reloads for this.)

	 The problem can also happen if the dest of I3 is a memory ref,
	 if another dest in I2 is an indirect memory ref.  */
      for (i = 0; i < XVECLEN (p2, 0); i++)
	if ((GET_CODE (XVECEXP (p2, 0, i)) == SET
	     || GET_CODE (XVECEXP (p2, 0, i)) == CLOBBER)
	    && reg_overlap_mentioned_p (SET_DEST (PATTERN (i3)),
					SET_DEST (XVECEXP (p2, 0, i))))
	  break;

      if (i == XVECLEN (p2, 0))
	for (i = 0; i < XVECLEN (p2, 0); i++)
	  if (SET_DEST (XVECEXP (p2, 0, i)) == SET_SRC (PATTERN (i3)))
	    {
	      combine_merges++;

	      subst_insn = i3;
	      subst_low_cuid = INSN_CUID (i2);

	      added_sets_2 = added_sets_1 = 0;
	      i2dest = SET_SRC (PATTERN (i3));

	      /* Replace the dest in I2 with our dest and make the resulting
		 insn the new pattern for I3.  Then skip to where we
		 validate the pattern.  Everything was set up above.  */
	      SUBST (SET_DEST (XVECEXP (p2, 0, i)), 
		     SET_DEST (PATTERN (i3)));

	      newpat = p2;
	      i3_subst_into_i2 = 1;
	      goto validate_replacement;
	    }
    }

#ifndef HAVE_cc0
  /* If we have no I1 and I2 looks like:
	(parallel [(set (reg:CC X) (compare:CC OP (const_int 0)))
		   (set Y OP)])
     make up a dummy I1 that is
	(set Y OP)
     and change I2 to be
        (set (reg:CC X) (compare:CC Y (const_int 0)))

     (We can ignore any trailing CLOBBERs.)

     This undoes a previous combination and allows us to match a branch-and-
     decrement insn.  */

  if (i1 == 0 && GET_CODE (PATTERN (i2)) == PARALLEL
      && XVECLEN (PATTERN (i2), 0) >= 2
      && GET_CODE (XVECEXP (PATTERN (i2), 0, 0)) == SET
      && (GET_MODE_CLASS (GET_MODE (SET_DEST (XVECEXP (PATTERN (i2), 0, 0))))
	  == MODE_CC)
      && GET_CODE (SET_SRC (XVECEXP (PATTERN (i2), 0, 0))) == COMPARE
      && XEXP (SET_SRC (XVECEXP (PATTERN (i2), 0, 0)), 1) == const0_rtx
      && GET_CODE (XVECEXP (PATTERN (i2), 0, 1)) == SET
      && GET_CODE (SET_DEST (XVECEXP (PATTERN (i2), 0, 1))) == REG
      && rtx_equal_p (XEXP (SET_SRC (XVECEXP (PATTERN (i2), 0, 0)), 0),
		      SET_SRC (XVECEXP (PATTERN (i2), 0, 1))))
    {
      for (i =  XVECLEN (PATTERN (i2), 0) - 1; i >= 2; i--)
	if (GET_CODE (XVECEXP (PATTERN (i2), 0, i)) != CLOBBER)
	  break;

      if (i == 1)
	{
	  /* We make I1 with the same INSN_UID as I2.  This gives it
	     the same INSN_CUID for value tracking.  Our fake I1 will
	     never appear in the insn stream so giving it the same INSN_UID
	     as I2 will not cause a problem.  */

	  subst_prev_insn = i1
	    = gen_rtx_INSN (VOIDmode, INSN_UID (i2), NULL_RTX, i2,
			    XVECEXP (PATTERN (i2), 0, 1), -1, NULL_RTX,
			    NULL_RTX);

	  SUBST (PATTERN (i2), XVECEXP (PATTERN (i2), 0, 0));
	  SUBST (XEXP (SET_SRC (PATTERN (i2)), 0),
		 SET_DEST (PATTERN (i1)));
	}
    }
#endif

  /* Verify that I2 and I1 are valid for combining.  */
  if (! can_combine_p (i2, i3, i1, NULL_RTX, &i2dest, &i2src)
      || (i1 && ! can_combine_p (i1, i3, NULL_RTX, i2, &i1dest, &i1src)))
    {
      undo_all ();
      return 0;
    }

  /* Record whether I2DEST is used in I2SRC and similarly for the other
     cases.  Knowing this will help in register status updating below.  */
  i2dest_in_i2src = reg_overlap_mentioned_p (i2dest, i2src);
  i1dest_in_i1src = i1 && reg_overlap_mentioned_p (i1dest, i1src);
  i2dest_in_i1src = i1 && reg_overlap_mentioned_p (i2dest, i1src);

  /* See if I1 directly feeds into I3.  It does if I1DEST is not used
     in I2SRC.  */
  i1_feeds_i3 = i1 && ! reg_overlap_mentioned_p (i1dest, i2src);

  /* Ensure that I3's pattern can be the destination of combines.  */
  if (! combinable_i3pat (i3, &PATTERN (i3), i2dest, i1dest,
			  i1 && i2dest_in_i1src && i1_feeds_i3,
			  &i3dest_killed))
    {
      undo_all ();
      return 0;
    }

  /* See if any of the insns is a MULT operation.  Unless one is, we will
     reject a combination that is, since it must be slower.  Be conservative
     here.  */
  if (GET_CODE (i2src) == MULT
      || (i1 != 0 && GET_CODE (i1src) == MULT)
      || (GET_CODE (PATTERN (i3)) == SET
	  && GET_CODE (SET_SRC (PATTERN (i3))) == MULT))
    have_mult = 1;

  /* If I3 has an inc, then give up if I1 or I2 uses the reg that is inc'd.
     We used to do this EXCEPT in one case: I3 has a post-inc in an
     output operand.  However, that exception can give rise to insns like
     	mov r3,(r3)+
     which is a famous insn on the PDP-11 where the value of r3 used as the
     source was model-dependent.  Avoid this sort of thing.  */

#if 0
  if (!(GET_CODE (PATTERN (i3)) == SET
	&& GET_CODE (SET_SRC (PATTERN (i3))) == REG
	&& GET_CODE (SET_DEST (PATTERN (i3))) == MEM
	&& (GET_CODE (XEXP (SET_DEST (PATTERN (i3)), 0)) == POST_INC
	    || GET_CODE (XEXP (SET_DEST (PATTERN (i3)), 0)) == POST_DEC)))
    /* It's not the exception.  */
#endif
#ifdef AUTO_INC_DEC
    for (link = REG_NOTES (i3); link; link = XEXP (link, 1))
      if (REG_NOTE_KIND (link) == REG_INC
	  && (reg_overlap_mentioned_p (XEXP (link, 0), PATTERN (i2))
	      || (i1 != 0
		  && reg_overlap_mentioned_p (XEXP (link, 0), PATTERN (i1)))))
	{
	  undo_all ();
	  return 0;
	}
#endif

  /* See if the SETs in I1 or I2 need to be kept around in the merged
     instruction: whenever the value set there is still needed past I3.
     For the SETs in I2, this is easy: we see if I2DEST dies or is set in I3.

     For the SET in I1, we have two cases:  If I1 and I2 independently
     feed into I3, the set in I1 needs to be kept around if I1DEST dies
     or is set in I3.  Otherwise (if I1 feeds I2 which feeds I3), the set
     in I1 needs to be kept around unless I1DEST dies or is set in either
     I2 or I3.  We can distinguish these cases by seeing if I2SRC mentions
     I1DEST.  If so, we know I1 feeds into I2.  */

  added_sets_2 = ! dead_or_set_p (i3, i2dest);

  added_sets_1
    = i1 && ! (i1_feeds_i3 ? dead_or_set_p (i3, i1dest)
	       : (dead_or_set_p (i3, i1dest) || dead_or_set_p (i2, i1dest)));

  /* If the set in I2 needs to be kept around, we must make a copy of
     PATTERN (I2), so that when we substitute I1SRC for I1DEST in
     PATTERN (I2), we are only substituting for the original I1DEST, not into
     an already-substituted copy.  This also prevents making self-referential
     rtx.  If I2 is a PARALLEL, we just need the piece that assigns I2SRC to
     I2DEST.  */

  i2pat = (GET_CODE (PATTERN (i2)) == PARALLEL
	   ? gen_rtx_SET (VOIDmode, i2dest, i2src)
	   : PATTERN (i2));

  if (added_sets_2)
    i2pat = copy_rtx (i2pat);

  combine_merges++;

  /* Substitute in the latest insn for the regs set by the earlier ones.  */

  maxreg = max_reg_num ();

  subst_insn = i3;

  /* It is possible that the source of I2 or I1 may be performing an
     unneeded operation, such as a ZERO_EXTEND of something that is known
     to have the high part zero.  Handle that case by letting subst look at
     the innermost one of them.

     Another way to do this would be to have a function that tries to
     simplify a single insn instead of merging two or more insns.  We don't
     do this because of the potential of infinite loops and because
     of the potential extra memory required.  However, doing it the way
     we are is a bit of a kludge and doesn't catch all cases.

     But only do this if -fexpensive-optimizations since it slows things down
     and doesn't usually win.  */

  if (flag_expensive_optimizations)
    {
      /* Pass pc_rtx so no substitutions are done, just simplifications.
	 The cases that we are interested in here do not involve the few
	 cases were is_replaced is checked.  */
      if (i1)
	{
	  subst_low_cuid = INSN_CUID (i1);
	  i1src = subst (i1src, pc_rtx, pc_rtx, 0, 0);
	}
      else
	{
	  subst_low_cuid = INSN_CUID (i2);
	  i2src = subst (i2src, pc_rtx, pc_rtx, 0, 0);
	}

      undobuf.previous_undos = undobuf.undos;
    }

#ifndef HAVE_cc0
  /* Many machines that don't use CC0 have insns that can both perform an
     arithmetic operation and set the condition code.  These operations will
     be represented as a PARALLEL with the first element of the vector
     being a COMPARE of an arithmetic operation with the constant zero.
     The second element of the vector will set some pseudo to the result
     of the same arithmetic operation.  If we simplify the COMPARE, we won't
     match such a pattern and so will generate an extra insn.   Here we test
     for this case, where both the comparison and the operation result are
     needed, and make the PARALLEL by just replacing I2DEST in I3SRC with
     I2SRC.  Later we will make the PARALLEL that contains I2.  */

  if (i1 == 0 && added_sets_2 && GET_CODE (PATTERN (i3)) == SET
      && GET_CODE (SET_SRC (PATTERN (i3))) == COMPARE
      && XEXP (SET_SRC (PATTERN (i3)), 1) == const0_rtx
      && rtx_equal_p (XEXP (SET_SRC (PATTERN (i3)), 0), i2dest))
    {
#ifdef EXTRA_CC_MODES
      rtx *cc_use;
      enum machine_mode compare_mode;
#endif

      newpat = PATTERN (i3);
      SUBST (XEXP (SET_SRC (newpat), 0), i2src);

      i2_is_used = 1;

#ifdef EXTRA_CC_MODES
      /* See if a COMPARE with the operand we substituted in should be done
	 with the mode that is currently being used.  If not, do the same
	 processing we do in `subst' for a SET; namely, if the destination
	 is used only once, try to replace it with a register of the proper
	 mode and also replace the COMPARE.  */
      if (undobuf.other_insn == 0
	  && (cc_use = find_single_use (SET_DEST (newpat), i3,
					&undobuf.other_insn))
	  && ((compare_mode = SELECT_CC_MODE (GET_CODE (*cc_use),
					      i2src, const0_rtx))
	      != GET_MODE (SET_DEST (newpat))))
	{
	  int regno = REGNO (SET_DEST (newpat));
	  rtx new_dest = gen_rtx_REG (compare_mode, regno);

	  if (regno < FIRST_PSEUDO_REGISTER
	      || (REG_N_SETS (regno) == 1 && ! added_sets_2
		  && ! REG_USERVAR_P (SET_DEST (newpat))))
	    {
	      if (regno >= FIRST_PSEUDO_REGISTER)
		SUBST (regno_reg_rtx[regno], new_dest);

	      SUBST (SET_DEST (newpat), new_dest);
	      SUBST (XEXP (*cc_use, 0), new_dest);
	      SUBST (SET_SRC (newpat),
		     gen_rtx_combine (COMPARE, compare_mode,
				      i2src, const0_rtx));
	    }
	  else
	    undobuf.other_insn = 0;
	}
#endif	  
    }
  else
#endif
    {
      n_occurrences = 0;		/* `subst' counts here */

      /* If I1 feeds into I2 (not into I3) and I1DEST is in I1SRC, we
	 need to make a unique copy of I2SRC each time we substitute it
	 to avoid self-referential rtl.  */

      subst_low_cuid = INSN_CUID (i2);
      newpat = subst (PATTERN (i3), i2dest, i2src, 0,
		      ! i1_feeds_i3 && i1dest_in_i1src);
      undobuf.previous_undos = undobuf.undos;

      /* Record whether i2's body now appears within i3's body.  */
      i2_is_used = n_occurrences;
    }

  /* If we already got a failure, don't try to do more.  Otherwise,
     try to substitute in I1 if we have it.  */

  if (i1 && GET_CODE (newpat) != CLOBBER)
    {
      /* Before we can do this substitution, we must redo the test done
	 above (see detailed comments there) that ensures  that I1DEST
	 isn't mentioned in any SETs in NEWPAT that are field assignments.  */

      if (! combinable_i3pat (NULL_RTX, &newpat, i1dest, NULL_RTX,
			      0, NULL_PTR))
	{
	  undo_all ();
	  return 0;
	}

      n_occurrences = 0;
      subst_low_cuid = INSN_CUID (i1);
      newpat = subst (newpat, i1dest, i1src, 0, 0);
      undobuf.previous_undos = undobuf.undos;
    }

  /* Fail if an autoincrement side-effect has been duplicated.  Be careful
     to count all the ways that I2SRC and I1SRC can be used.  */
  if ((FIND_REG_INC_NOTE (i2, NULL_RTX) != 0
       && i2_is_used + added_sets_2 > 1)
      || (i1 != 0 && FIND_REG_INC_NOTE (i1, NULL_RTX) != 0
	  && (n_occurrences + added_sets_1 + (added_sets_2 && ! i1_feeds_i3)
	      > 1))
      /* Fail if we tried to make a new register (we used to abort, but there's
	 really no reason to).  */
      || max_reg_num () != maxreg
      /* Fail if we couldn't do something and have a CLOBBER.  */
      || GET_CODE (newpat) == CLOBBER
      /* Fail if this new pattern is a MULT and we didn't have one before
	 at the outer level.  */
      || (GET_CODE (newpat) == SET && GET_CODE (SET_SRC (newpat)) == MULT
	  && ! have_mult))
    {
      undo_all ();
      return 0;
    }

  /* If the actions of the earlier insns must be kept
     in addition to substituting them into the latest one,
     we must make a new PARALLEL for the latest insn
     to hold additional the SETs.  */

  if (added_sets_1 || added_sets_2)
    {
      combine_extras++;

      if (GET_CODE (newpat) == PARALLEL)
	{
	  rtvec old = XVEC (newpat, 0);
	  total_sets = XVECLEN (newpat, 0) + added_sets_1 + added_sets_2;
	  newpat = gen_rtx_PARALLEL (VOIDmode, rtvec_alloc (total_sets));
	  bcopy ((char *) &old->elem[0], (char *) XVEC (newpat, 0)->elem,
		 sizeof (old->elem[0]) * old->num_elem);
	}
      else
	{
	  rtx old = newpat;
	  total_sets = 1 + added_sets_1 + added_sets_2;
	  newpat = gen_rtx_PARALLEL (VOIDmode, rtvec_alloc (total_sets));
	  XVECEXP (newpat, 0, 0) = old;
	}

     if (added_sets_1)
       XVECEXP (newpat, 0, --total_sets)
	 = (GET_CODE (PATTERN (i1)) == PARALLEL
	    ? gen_rtx_SET (VOIDmode, i1dest, i1src) : PATTERN (i1));

     if (added_sets_2)
	{
	  /* If there is no I1, use I2's body as is.  We used to also not do
	     the subst call below if I2 was substituted into I3,
	     but that could lose a simplification.  */
	  if (i1 == 0)
	    XVECEXP (newpat, 0, --total_sets) = i2pat;
	  else
	    /* See comment where i2pat is assigned.  */
	    XVECEXP (newpat, 0, --total_sets)
	      = subst (i2pat, i1dest, i1src, 0, 0);
	}
    }

  /* We come here when we are replacing a destination in I2 with the
     destination of I3.  */
 validate_replacement:

  /* Note which hard regs this insn has as inputs.  */
  mark_used_regs_combine (newpat);

  /* Is the result of combination a valid instruction?  */
  insn_code_number = recog_for_combine (&newpat, i3, &new_i3_notes);

  /* If the result isn't valid, see if it is a PARALLEL of two SETs where
     the second SET's destination is a register that is unused.  In that case,
     we just need the first SET.   This can occur when simplifying a divmod
     insn.  We *must* test for this case here because the code below that
     splits two independent SETs doesn't handle this case correctly when it
     updates the register status.  Also check the case where the first
     SET's destination is unused.  That would not cause incorrect code, but
     does cause an unneeded insn to remain.  */

  if (insn_code_number < 0 && GET_CODE (newpat) == PARALLEL
      && XVECLEN (newpat, 0) == 2
      && GET_CODE (XVECEXP (newpat, 0, 0)) == SET
      && GET_CODE (XVECEXP (newpat, 0, 1)) == SET
      && GET_CODE (SET_DEST (XVECEXP (newpat, 0, 1))) == REG
      && find_reg_note (i3, REG_UNUSED, SET_DEST (XVECEXP (newpat, 0, 1)))
      && ! side_effects_p (SET_SRC (XVECEXP (newpat, 0, 1)))
      && asm_noperands (newpat) < 0)
    {
      newpat = XVECEXP (newpat, 0, 0);
      insn_code_number = recog_for_combine (&newpat, i3, &new_i3_notes);
    }

  else if (insn_code_number < 0 && GET_CODE (newpat) == PARALLEL
	   && XVECLEN (newpat, 0) == 2
	   && GET_CODE (XVECEXP (newpat, 0, 0)) == SET
	   && GET_CODE (XVECEXP (newpat, 0, 1)) == SET
	   && GET_CODE (SET_DEST (XVECEXP (newpat, 0, 0))) == REG
	   && find_reg_note (i3, REG_UNUSED, SET_DEST (XVECEXP (newpat, 0, 0)))
	   && ! side_effects_p (SET_SRC (XVECEXP (newpat, 0, 0)))
	   && asm_noperands (newpat) < 0)
    {
      newpat = XVECEXP (newpat, 0, 1);
      insn_code_number = recog_for_combine (&newpat, i3, &new_i3_notes);
    }

  /* If we were combining three insns and the result is a simple SET
     with no ASM_OPERANDS that wasn't recognized, try to split it into two
     insns.  There are two ways to do this.  It can be split using a 
     machine-specific method (like when you have an addition of a large
     constant) or by combine in the function find_split_point.  */

  if (i1 && insn_code_number < 0 && GET_CODE (newpat) == SET
      && asm_noperands (newpat) < 0)
    {
      rtx m_split, *split;
      rtx ni2dest = i2dest;

      /* See if the MD file can split NEWPAT.  If it can't, see if letting it
	 use I2DEST as a scratch register will help.  In the latter case,
	 convert I2DEST to the mode of the source of NEWPAT if we can.  */

      m_split = split_insns (newpat, i3);

      /* We can only use I2DEST as a scratch reg if it doesn't overlap any
	 inputs of NEWPAT.  */

      /* ??? If I2DEST is not safe, and I1DEST exists, then it would be
	 possible to try that as a scratch reg.  This would require adding
	 more code to make it work though.  */

      if (m_split == 0 && ! reg_overlap_mentioned_p (ni2dest, newpat))
	{
	  /* If I2DEST is a hard register or the only use of a pseudo,
	     we can change its mode.  */
	  if (GET_MODE (SET_DEST (newpat)) != GET_MODE (i2dest)
	      && GET_MODE (SET_DEST (newpat)) != VOIDmode
	      && GET_CODE (i2dest) == REG
	      && (REGNO (i2dest) < FIRST_PSEUDO_REGISTER
		  || (REG_N_SETS (REGNO (i2dest)) == 1 && ! added_sets_2
		      && ! REG_USERVAR_P (i2dest))))
	    ni2dest = gen_rtx_REG (GET_MODE (SET_DEST (newpat)),
			       REGNO (i2dest));

	  m_split = split_insns
	    (gen_rtx_PARALLEL (VOIDmode,
			       gen_rtvec (2, newpat,
					  gen_rtx_CLOBBER (VOIDmode,
							   ni2dest))),
	     i3);
	}

      if (m_split && GET_CODE (m_split) == SEQUENCE
	  && XVECLEN (m_split, 0) == 2
	  && (next_real_insn (i2) == i3
	      || ! use_crosses_set_p (PATTERN (XVECEXP (m_split, 0, 0)),
				      INSN_CUID (i2))))
	{
	  rtx i2set, i3set;
	  rtx newi3pat = PATTERN (XVECEXP (m_split, 0, 1));
	  newi2pat = PATTERN (XVECEXP (m_split, 0, 0));

	  i3set = single_set (XVECEXP (m_split, 0, 1));
	  i2set = single_set (XVECEXP (m_split, 0, 0));

	  /* In case we changed the mode of I2DEST, replace it in the
	     pseudo-register table here.  We can't do it above in case this
	     code doesn't get executed and we do a split the other way.  */

	  if (REGNO (i2dest) >= FIRST_PSEUDO_REGISTER)
	    SUBST (regno_reg_rtx[REGNO (i2dest)], ni2dest);

	  i2_code_number = recog_for_combine (&newi2pat, i2, &new_i2_notes);

	  /* If I2 or I3 has multiple SETs, we won't know how to track
	     register status, so don't use these insns.  If I2's destination
	     is used between I2 and I3, we also can't use these insns.  */

	  if (i2_code_number >= 0 && i2set && i3set
	      && (next_real_insn (i2) == i3
		  || ! reg_used_between_p (SET_DEST (i2set), i2, i3)))
	    insn_code_number = recog_for_combine (&newi3pat, i3,
						  &new_i3_notes);
	  if (insn_code_number >= 0)
	    newpat = newi3pat;

	  /* It is possible that both insns now set the destination of I3.
	     If so, we must show an extra use of it.  */

	  if (insn_code_number >= 0)
	    {
	      rtx new_i3_dest = SET_DEST (i3set);
	      rtx new_i2_dest = SET_DEST (i2set);

	      while (GET_CODE (new_i3_dest) == ZERO_EXTRACT
		     || GET_CODE (new_i3_dest) == STRICT_LOW_PART
		     || GET_CODE (new_i3_dest) == SUBREG)
		new_i3_dest = XEXP (new_i3_dest, 0);

	      while (GET_CODE (new_i2_dest) == ZERO_EXTRACT
		     || GET_CODE (new_i2_dest) == STRICT_LOW_PART
		     || GET_CODE (new_i2_dest) == SUBREG)
		new_i2_dest = XEXP (new_i2_dest, 0);

	      if (GET_CODE (new_i3_dest) == REG
		  && GET_CODE (new_i2_dest) == REG
		  && REGNO (new_i3_dest) == REGNO (new_i2_dest))
		REG_N_SETS (REGNO (new_i2_dest))++;
	    }
	}

      /* If we can split it and use I2DEST, go ahead and see if that
	 helps things be recognized.  Verify that none of the registers
	 are set between I2 and I3.  */
      if (insn_code_number < 0 && (split = find_split_point (&newpat, i3)) != 0
#ifdef HAVE_cc0
	  && GET_CODE (i2dest) == REG
#endif
	  /* We need I2DEST in the proper mode.  If it is a hard register
	     or the only use of a pseudo, we can change its mode.  */
	  && (GET_MODE (*split) == GET_MODE (i2dest)
	      || GET_MODE (*split) == VOIDmode
	      || REGNO (i2dest) < FIRST_PSEUDO_REGISTER
	      || (REG_N_SETS (REGNO (i2dest)) == 1 && ! added_sets_2
		  && ! REG_USERVAR_P (i2dest)))
	  && (next_real_insn (i2) == i3
	      || ! use_crosses_set_p (*split, INSN_CUID (i2)))
	  /* We can't overwrite I2DEST if its value is still used by
	     NEWPAT.  */
	  && ! reg_referenced_p (i2dest, newpat))
	{
	  rtx newdest = i2dest;
	  enum rtx_code split_code = GET_CODE (*split);
	  enum machine_mode split_mode = GET_MODE (*split);

	  /* Get NEWDEST as a register in the proper mode.  We have already
	     validated that we can do this.  */
	  if (GET_MODE (i2dest) != split_mode && split_mode != VOIDmode)
	    {
	      newdest = gen_rtx_REG (split_mode, REGNO (i2dest));

	      if (REGNO (i2dest) >= FIRST_PSEUDO_REGISTER)
		SUBST (regno_reg_rtx[REGNO (i2dest)], newdest);
	    }

	  /* If *SPLIT is a (mult FOO (const_int pow2)), convert it to
	     an ASHIFT.  This can occur if it was inside a PLUS and hence
	     appeared to be a memory address.  This is a kludge.  */
	  if (split_code == MULT
	      && GET_CODE (XEXP (*split, 1)) == CONST_INT
	      && (i = exact_log2 (INTVAL (XEXP (*split, 1)))) >= 0)
	    {
	      SUBST (*split, gen_rtx_combine (ASHIFT, split_mode,
					      XEXP (*split, 0), GEN_INT (i)));
	      /* Update split_code because we may not have a multiply
		 anymore.  */
	      split_code = GET_CODE (*split);
	    }

#ifdef INSN_SCHEDULING
	  /* If *SPLIT is a paradoxical SUBREG, when we split it, it should
	     be written as a ZERO_EXTEND.  */
	  if (split_code == SUBREG && GET_CODE (SUBREG_REG (*split)) == MEM)
	    SUBST (*split, gen_rtx_combine (ZERO_EXTEND, split_mode,
					    XEXP (*split, 0)));
#endif

	  newi2pat = gen_rtx_combine (SET, VOIDmode, newdest, *split);
	  SUBST (*split, newdest);
	  i2_code_number = recog_for_combine (&newi2pat, i2, &new_i2_notes);

	  /* If the split point was a MULT and we didn't have one before,
	     don't use one now.  */
	  if (i2_code_number >= 0 && ! (split_code == MULT && ! have_mult))
	    insn_code_number = recog_for_combine (&newpat, i3, &new_i3_notes);
	}
    }

  /* Check for a case where we loaded from memory in a narrow mode and
     then sign extended it, but we need both registers.  In that case,
     we have a PARALLEL with both loads from the same memory location.
     We can split this into a load from memory followed by a register-register
     copy.  This saves at least one insn, more if register allocation can
     eliminate the copy.

     We cannot do this if the destination of the second assignment is
     a register that we have already assumed is zero-extended.  Similarly
     for a SUBREG of such a register.  */

  else if (i1 && insn_code_number < 0 && asm_noperands (newpat) < 0
	   && GET_CODE (newpat) == PARALLEL
	   && XVECLEN (newpat, 0) == 2
	   && GET_CODE (XVECEXP (newpat, 0, 0)) == SET
	   && GET_CODE (SET_SRC (XVECEXP (newpat, 0, 0))) == SIGN_EXTEND
	   && GET_CODE (XVECEXP (newpat, 0, 1)) == SET
	   && rtx_equal_p (SET_SRC (XVECEXP (newpat, 0, 1)),
			   XEXP (SET_SRC (XVECEXP (newpat, 0, 0)), 0))
	   && ! use_crosses_set_p (SET_SRC (XVECEXP (newpat, 0, 1)),
				   INSN_CUID (i2))
	   && GET_CODE (SET_DEST (XVECEXP (newpat, 0, 1))) != ZERO_EXTRACT
	   && GET_CODE (SET_DEST (XVECEXP (newpat, 0, 1))) != STRICT_LOW_PART
	   && ! (temp = SET_DEST (XVECEXP (newpat, 0, 1)),
		 (GET_CODE (temp) == REG
		  && reg_nonzero_bits[REGNO (temp)] != 0
		  && GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (temp)) < BITS_PER_WORD
		  && GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (temp)) < HOST_BITS_PER_INT
		  && (reg_nonzero_bits[REGNO (temp)]
		      != GET_MODE_MASK (word_mode))))
	   && ! (GET_CODE (SET_DEST (XVECEXP (newpat, 0, 1))) == SUBREG
		 && (temp = SUBREG_REG (SET_DEST (XVECEXP (newpat, 0, 1))),
		     (GET_CODE (temp) == REG
		      && reg_nonzero_bits[REGNO (temp)] != 0
		      && GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (temp)) < BITS_PER_WORD
		      && GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (temp)) < HOST_BITS_PER_INT
		      && (reg_nonzero_bits[REGNO (temp)]
			  != GET_MODE_MASK (word_mode)))))
	   && ! reg_overlap_mentioned_p (SET_DEST (XVECEXP (newpat, 0, 1)),
					 SET_SRC (XVECEXP (newpat, 0, 1)))
	   && ! find_reg_note (i3, REG_UNUSED,
			       SET_DEST (XVECEXP (newpat, 0, 0))))
    {
      rtx ni2dest;

      newi2pat = XVECEXP (newpat, 0, 0);
      ni2dest = SET_DEST (XVECEXP (newpat, 0, 0));
      newpat = XVECEXP (newpat, 0, 1);
      SUBST (SET_SRC (newpat),
	     gen_lowpart_for_combine (GET_MODE (SET_SRC (newpat)), ni2dest));
      i2_code_number = recog_for_combine (&newi2pat, i2, &new_i2_notes);

      if (i2_code_number >= 0)
	insn_code_number = recog_for_combine (&newpat, i3, &new_i3_notes);

      if (insn_code_number >= 0)
	{
	  rtx insn;
	  rtx link;

	  /* If we will be able to accept this, we have made a change to the
	     destination of I3.  This can invalidate a LOG_LINKS pointing
	     to I3.  No other part of combine.c makes such a transformation.

	     The new I3 will have a destination that was previously the
	     destination of I1 or I2 and which was used in i2 or I3.  Call
	     distribute_links to make a LOG_LINK from the next use of
	     that destination.  */

	  PATTERN (i3) = newpat;
	  distribute_links (gen_rtx_INSN_LIST (VOIDmode, i3, NULL_RTX));

	  /* I3 now uses what used to be its destination and which is
	     now I2's destination.  That means we need a LOG_LINK from
	     I3 to I2.  But we used to have one, so we still will.

	     However, some later insn might be using I2's dest and have
	     a LOG_LINK pointing at I3.  We must remove this link.
	     The simplest way to remove the link is to point it at I1,
	     which we know will be a NOTE.  */

	  for (insn = NEXT_INSN (i3);
	       insn && (this_basic_block == n_basic_blocks - 1
			|| insn != BLOCK_HEAD (this_basic_block + 1));
	       insn = NEXT_INSN (insn))
	    {
	      if (GET_RTX_CLASS (GET_CODE (insn)) == 'i'
		  && reg_referenced_p (ni2dest, PATTERN (insn)))
		{
		  for (link = LOG_LINKS (insn); link;
		       link = XEXP (link, 1))
		    if (XEXP (link, 0) == i3)
		      XEXP (link, 0) = i1;

		  break;
		}
	    }
	}
    }
	    
  /* Similarly, check for a case where we have a PARALLEL of two independent
     SETs but we started with three insns.  In this case, we can do the sets
     as two separate insns.  This case occurs when some SET allows two
     other insns to combine, but the destination of that SET is still live.  */

  else if (i1 && insn_code_number < 0 && asm_noperands (newpat) < 0
	   && GET_CODE (newpat) == PARALLEL
	   && XVECLEN (newpat, 0) == 2
	   && GET_CODE (XVECEXP (newpat, 0, 0)) == SET
	   && GET_CODE (SET_DEST (XVECEXP (newpat, 0, 0))) != ZERO_EXTRACT
	   && GET_CODE (SET_DEST (XVECEXP (newpat, 0, 0))) != STRICT_LOW_PART
	   && GET_CODE (XVECEXP (newpat, 0, 1)) == SET
	   && GET_CODE (SET_DEST (XVECEXP (newpat, 0, 1))) != ZERO_EXTRACT
	   && GET_CODE (SET_DEST (XVECEXP (newpat, 0, 1))) != STRICT_LOW_PART
	   && ! use_crosses_set_p (SET_SRC (XVECEXP (newpat, 0, 1)),
				   INSN_CUID (i2))
	   /* Don't pass sets with (USE (MEM ...)) dests to the following.  */
	   && GET_CODE (SET_DEST (XVECEXP (newpat, 0, 1))) != USE
	   && GET_CODE (SET_DEST (XVECEXP (newpat, 0, 0))) != USE
	   && ! reg_referenced_p (SET_DEST (XVECEXP (newpat, 0, 1)),
				  XVECEXP (newpat, 0, 0))
	   && ! reg_referenced_p (SET_DEST (XVECEXP (newpat, 0, 0)),
				  XVECEXP (newpat, 0, 1)))
    {
      /* Normally, it doesn't matter which of the two is done first,
	 but it does if one references cc0.  In that case, it has to
	 be first.  */
#ifdef HAVE_cc0
      if (reg_referenced_p (cc0_rtx, XVECEXP (newpat, 0, 0)))
	{
	  newi2pat = XVECEXP (newpat, 0, 0);
	  newpat = XVECEXP (newpat, 0, 1);
	}
      else
#endif
	{
	  newi2pat = XVECEXP (newpat, 0, 1);
	  newpat = XVECEXP (newpat, 0, 0);
	}

      i2_code_number = recog_for_combine (&newi2pat, i2, &new_i2_notes);

      if (i2_code_number >= 0)
	insn_code_number = recog_for_combine (&newpat, i3, &new_i3_notes);
    }

  /* If it still isn't recognized, fail and change things back the way they
     were.  */
  if ((insn_code_number < 0
       /* Is the result a reasonable ASM_OPERANDS?  */
       && (! check_asm_operands (newpat) || added_sets_1 || added_sets_2)))
    {
      undo_all ();
      return 0;
    }

  /* If we had to change another insn, make sure it is valid also.  */
  if (undobuf.other_insn)
    {
      rtx other_pat = PATTERN (undobuf.other_insn);
      rtx new_other_notes;
      rtx note, next;

      CLEAR_HARD_REG_SET (newpat_used_regs);

      other_code_number = recog_for_combine (&other_pat, undobuf.other_insn,
					     &new_other_notes);

      if (other_code_number < 0 && ! check_asm_operands (other_pat))
	{
	  undo_all ();
	  return 0;
	}

      PATTERN (undobuf.other_insn) = other_pat;

      /* If any of the notes in OTHER_INSN were REG_UNUSED, ensure that they
	 are still valid.  Then add any non-duplicate notes added by
	 recog_for_combine.  */
      for (note = REG_NOTES (undobuf.other_insn); note; note = next)
	{
	  next = XEXP (note, 1);

	  if (REG_NOTE_KIND (note) == REG_UNUSED
	      && ! reg_set_p (XEXP (note, 0), PATTERN (undobuf.other_insn)))
	    {
	      if (GET_CODE (XEXP (note, 0)) == REG)
		REG_N_DEATHS (REGNO (XEXP (note, 0)))--;

	      remove_note (undobuf.other_insn, note);
	    }
	}

      for (note = new_other_notes; note; note = XEXP (note, 1))
	if (GET_CODE (XEXP (note, 0)) == REG)
	  REG_N_DEATHS (REGNO (XEXP (note, 0)))++;

      distribute_notes (new_other_notes, undobuf.other_insn,
			undobuf.other_insn, NULL_RTX, NULL_RTX, NULL_RTX);
    }

  /* We now know that we can do this combination.  Merge the insns and 
     update the status of registers and LOG_LINKS.  */

  {
    rtx i3notes, i2notes, i1notes = 0;
    rtx i3links, i2links, i1links = 0;
    rtx midnotes = 0;
    register int regno;
    /* Compute which registers we expect to eliminate.  newi2pat may be setting
       either i3dest or i2dest, so we must check it.  Also, i1dest may be the
       same as i3dest, in which case newi2pat may be setting i1dest.  */
    rtx elim_i2 = ((newi2pat && reg_set_p (i2dest, newi2pat))
		   || i2dest_in_i2src || i2dest_in_i1src
		   ? 0 : i2dest);
    rtx elim_i1 = (i1 == 0 || i1dest_in_i1src
		   || (newi2pat && reg_set_p (i1dest, newi2pat))
		   ? 0 : i1dest);

    /* Get the old REG_NOTES and LOG_LINKS from all our insns and
       clear them.  */
    i3notes = REG_NOTES (i3), i3links = LOG_LINKS (i3);
    i2notes = REG_NOTES (i2), i2links = LOG_LINKS (i2);
    if (i1)
      i1notes = REG_NOTES (i1), i1links = LOG_LINKS (i1);

    /* Ensure that we do not have something that should not be shared but
       occurs multiple times in the new insns.  Check this by first
       resetting all the `used' flags and then copying anything is shared.  */

    reset_used_flags (i3notes);
    reset_used_flags (i2notes);
    reset_used_flags (i1notes);
    reset_used_flags (newpat);
    reset_used_flags (newi2pat);
    if (undobuf.other_insn)
      reset_used_flags (PATTERN (undobuf.other_insn));

    i3notes = copy_rtx_if_shared (i3notes);
    i2notes = copy_rtx_if_shared (i2notes);
    i1notes = copy_rtx_if_shared (i1notes);
    newpat = copy_rtx_if_shared (newpat);
    newi2pat = copy_rtx_if_shared (newi2pat);
    if (undobuf.other_insn)
      reset_used_flags (PATTERN (undobuf.other_insn));

    INSN_CODE (i3) = insn_code_number;
    PATTERN (i3) = newpat;
    if (undobuf.other_insn)
      INSN_CODE (undobuf.other_insn) = other_code_number;

    /* We had one special case above where I2 had more than one set and
       we replaced a destination of one of those sets with the destination
       of I3.  In that case, we have to update LOG_LINKS of insns later
       in this basic block.  Note that this (expensive) case is rare.

       Also, in this case, we must pretend that all REG_NOTEs for I2
       actually came from I3, so that REG_UNUSED notes from I2 will be
       properly handled.  */

    if (i3_subst_into_i2)
      {
	for (i = 0; i < XVECLEN (PATTERN (i2), 0); i++)
	  if (GET_CODE (SET_DEST (XVECEXP (PATTERN (i2), 0, i))) == REG
	      && SET_DEST (XVECEXP (PATTERN (i2), 0, i)) != i2dest
	      && ! find_reg_note (i2, REG_UNUSED,
				  SET_DEST (XVECEXP (PATTERN (i2), 0, i))))
	    for (temp = NEXT_INSN (i2);
		 temp && (this_basic_block == n_basic_blocks - 1
			  || BLOCK_HEAD (this_basic_block) != temp);
		 temp = NEXT_INSN (temp))
	      if (temp != i3 && GET_RTX_CLASS (GET_CODE (temp)) == 'i')
		for (link = LOG_LINKS (temp); link; link = XEXP (link, 1))
		  if (XEXP (link, 0) == i2)
		    XEXP (link, 0) = i3;

	if (i3notes)
	  {
	    rtx link = i3notes;
	    while (XEXP (link, 1))
	      link = XEXP (link, 1);
	    XEXP (link, 1) = i2notes;
	  }
	else
	  i3notes = i2notes;
	i2notes = 0;
      }

    LOG_LINKS (i3) = 0;
    REG_NOTES (i3) = 0;
    LOG_LINKS (i2) = 0;
    REG_NOTES (i2) = 0;

    if (newi2pat)
      {
	INSN_CODE (i2) = i2_code_number;
	PATTERN (i2) = newi2pat;
      }
    else
      {
	PUT_CODE (i2, NOTE);
	NOTE_LINE_NUMBER (i2) = NOTE_INSN_DELETED;
	NOTE_SOURCE_FILE (i2) = 0;
      }

    if (i1)
      {
	LOG_LINKS (i1) = 0;
	REG_NOTES (i1) = 0;
	PUT_CODE (i1, NOTE);
	NOTE_LINE_NUMBER (i1) = NOTE_INSN_DELETED;
	NOTE_SOURCE_FILE (i1) = 0;
      }

    /* Get death notes for everything that is now used in either I3 or
       I2 and used to die in a previous insn.  If we built two new 
       patterns, move from I1 to I2 then I2 to I3 so that we get the
       proper movement on registers that I2 modifies.  */

    if (newi2pat)
      {
	move_deaths (newi2pat, NULL_RTX, INSN_CUID (i1), i2, &midnotes);
	move_deaths (newpat, newi2pat, INSN_CUID (i1), i3, &midnotes);
      }
    else
      move_deaths (newpat, NULL_RTX, i1 ? INSN_CUID (i1) : INSN_CUID (i2),
		   i3, &midnotes);

    /* Distribute all the LOG_LINKS and REG_NOTES from I1, I2, and I3.  */
    if (i3notes)
      distribute_notes (i3notes, i3, i3, newi2pat ? i2 : NULL_RTX,
			elim_i2, elim_i1);
    if (i2notes)
      distribute_notes (i2notes, i2, i3, newi2pat ? i2 : NULL_RTX,
			elim_i2, elim_i1);
    if (i1notes)
      distribute_notes (i1notes, i1, i3, newi2pat ? i2 : NULL_RTX,
			elim_i2, elim_i1);
    if (midnotes)
      distribute_notes (midnotes, NULL_RTX, i3, newi2pat ? i2 : NULL_RTX,
			elim_i2, elim_i1);

    /* Distribute any notes added to I2 or I3 by recog_for_combine.  We
       know these are REG_UNUSED and want them to go to the desired insn,
       so we always pass it as i3.  We have not counted the notes in 
       reg_n_deaths yet, so we need to do so now.  */

    if (newi2pat && new_i2_notes)
      {
	for (temp = new_i2_notes; temp; temp = XEXP (temp, 1))
	  if (GET_CODE (XEXP (temp, 0)) == REG)
	    REG_N_DEATHS (REGNO (XEXP (temp, 0)))++;
	
	distribute_notes (new_i2_notes, i2, i2, NULL_RTX, NULL_RTX, NULL_RTX);
      }

    if (new_i3_notes)
      {
	for (temp = new_i3_notes; temp; temp = XEXP (temp, 1))
	  if (GET_CODE (XEXP (temp, 0)) == REG)
	    REG_N_DEATHS (REGNO (XEXP (temp, 0)))++;
	
	distribute_notes (new_i3_notes, i3, i3, NULL_RTX, NULL_RTX, NULL_RTX);
      }

    /* If I3DEST was used in I3SRC, it really died in I3.  We may need to
       put a REG_DEAD note for it somewhere.  If NEWI2PAT exists and sets
       I3DEST, the death must be somewhere before I2, not I3.  If we passed I3
       in that case, it might delete I2.  Similarly for I2 and I1.
       Show an additional death due to the REG_DEAD note we make here.  If
       we discard it in distribute_notes, we will decrement it again.  */

    if (i3dest_killed)
      {
	if (GET_CODE (i3dest_killed) == REG)
	  REG_N_DEATHS (REGNO (i3dest_killed))++;

	if (newi2pat && reg_set_p (i3dest_killed, newi2pat))
	  distribute_notes (gen_rtx_EXPR_LIST (REG_DEAD, i3dest_killed,
					       NULL_RTX),
			    NULL_RTX, i2, NULL_RTX, elim_i2, elim_i1);
	else
	  distribute_notes (gen_rtx_EXPR_LIST (REG_DEAD, i3dest_killed,
					       NULL_RTX),
			    NULL_RTX, i3, newi2pat ? i2 : NULL_RTX,
			    elim_i2, elim_i1);
      }

    if (i2dest_in_i2src)
      {
	if (GET_CODE (i2dest) == REG)
	  REG_N_DEATHS (REGNO (i2dest))++;

	if (newi2pat && reg_set_p (i2dest, newi2pat))
	  distribute_notes (gen_rtx_EXPR_LIST (REG_DEAD, i2dest, NULL_RTX),
			    NULL_RTX, i2, NULL_RTX, NULL_RTX, NULL_RTX);
	else
	  distribute_notes (gen_rtx_EXPR_LIST (REG_DEAD, i2dest, NULL_RTX),
			    NULL_RTX, i3, newi2pat ? i2 : NULL_RTX,
			    NULL_RTX, NULL_RTX);
      }

    if (i1dest_in_i1src)
      {
	if (GET_CODE (i1dest) == REG)
	  REG_N_DEATHS (REGNO (i1dest))++;

	if (newi2pat && reg_set_p (i1dest, newi2pat))
	  distribute_notes (gen_rtx_EXPR_LIST (REG_DEAD, i1dest, NULL_RTX),
			    NULL_RTX, i2, NULL_RTX, NULL_RTX, NULL_RTX);
	else
	  distribute_notes (gen_rtx_EXPR_LIST (REG_DEAD, i1dest, NULL_RTX),
			    NULL_RTX, i3, newi2pat ? i2 : NULL_RTX,
			    NULL_RTX, NULL_RTX);
      }

    distribute_links (i3links);
    distribute_links (i2links);
    distribute_links (i1links);

    if (GET_CODE (i2dest) == REG)
      {
	rtx link;
	rtx i2_insn = 0, i2_val = 0, set;

	/* The insn that used to set this register doesn't exist, and
	   this life of the register may not exist either.  See if one of
	   I3's links points to an insn that sets I2DEST.  If it does, 
	   that is now the last known value for I2DEST. If we don't update
	   this and I2 set the register to a value that depended on its old
	   contents, we will get confused.  If this insn is used, thing
	   will be set correctly in combine_instructions.  */

	for (link = LOG_LINKS (i3); link; link = XEXP (link, 1))
	  if ((set = single_set (XEXP (link, 0))) != 0
	      && rtx_equal_p (i2dest, SET_DEST (set)))
	    i2_insn = XEXP (link, 0), i2_val = SET_SRC (set);

	record_value_for_reg (i2dest, i2_insn, i2_val);

	/* If the reg formerly set in I2 died only once and that was in I3,
	   zero its use count so it won't make `reload' do any work.  */
	if (! added_sets_2
	    && (newi2pat == 0 || ! reg_mentioned_p (i2dest, newi2pat))
	    && ! i2dest_in_i2src)
	  {
	    regno = REGNO (i2dest);
	    REG_N_SETS (regno)--;
	    if (REG_N_SETS (regno) == 0
		&& ! REGNO_REG_SET_P (BASIC_BLOCK (0)->global_live_at_start,
				      regno))
	      REG_N_REFS (regno) = 0;
	  }
      }

    if (i1 && GET_CODE (i1dest) == REG)
      {
	rtx link;
	rtx i1_insn = 0, i1_val = 0, set;

	for (link = LOG_LINKS (i3); link; link = XEXP (link, 1))
	  if ((set = single_set (XEXP (link, 0))) != 0
	      && rtx_equal_p (i1dest, SET_DEST (set)))
	    i1_insn = XEXP (link, 0), i1_val = SET_SRC (set);

	record_value_for_reg (i1dest, i1_insn, i1_val);

	regno = REGNO (i1dest);
	if (! added_sets_1 && ! i1dest_in_i1src)
	  {
	    REG_N_SETS (regno)--;
	    if (REG_N_SETS (regno) == 0
		&& ! REGNO_REG_SET_P (BASIC_BLOCK (0)->global_live_at_start,
				      regno))
	      REG_N_REFS (regno) = 0;
	  }
      }

    /* Update reg_nonzero_bits et al for any changes that may have been made
       to this insn.  */

    note_stores (newpat, set_nonzero_bits_and_sign_copies);
    if (newi2pat)
      note_stores (newi2pat, set_nonzero_bits_and_sign_copies);

    /* If I3 is now an unconditional jump, ensure that it has a 
       BARRIER following it since it may have initially been a
       conditional jump.  It may also be the last nonnote insn.  */

    if ((GET_CODE (newpat) == RETURN || simplejump_p (i3))
	&& ((temp = next_nonnote_insn (i3)) == NULL_RTX
	    || GET_CODE (temp) != BARRIER))
      emit_barrier_after (i3);
  }

  combine_successes++;

  /* Clear this here, so that subsequent get_last_value calls are not
     affected.  */
  subst_prev_insn = NULL_RTX;

  if (added_links_insn
      && (newi2pat == 0 || INSN_CUID (added_links_insn) < INSN_CUID (i2))
      && INSN_CUID (added_links_insn) < INSN_CUID (i3))
    return added_links_insn;
  else
    return newi2pat ? i2 : i3;
}

/* Undo all the modifications recorded in undobuf.  */

static void
undo_all ()
{
  struct undo *undo, *next;

  for (undo = undobuf.undos; undo; undo = next)
    {
      next = undo->next;
      if (undo->is_int)
	*undo->where.i = undo->old_contents.i;
      else
	*undo->where.r = undo->old_contents.r;

      undo->next = undobuf.frees;
      undobuf.frees = undo;
    }

  obfree (undobuf.storage);
  undobuf.undos = undobuf.previous_undos = 0;

  /* Clear this here, so that subsequent get_last_value calls are not
     affected.  */
  subst_prev_insn = NULL_RTX;
}

/* Find the innermost point within the rtx at LOC, possibly LOC itself,
   where we have an arithmetic expression and return that point.  LOC will
   be inside INSN.

   try_combine will call this function to see if an insn can be split into
   two insns.  */

static rtx *
find_split_point (loc, insn)
     rtx *loc;
     rtx insn;
{
  rtx x = *loc;
  enum rtx_code code = GET_CODE (x);
  rtx *split;
  int len = 0, pos, unsignedp;
  rtx inner;

  /* First special-case some codes.  */
  switch (code)
    {
    case SUBREG:
#ifdef INSN_SCHEDULING
      /* If we are making a paradoxical SUBREG invalid, it becomes a split
	 point.  */
      if (GET_CODE (SUBREG_REG (x)) == MEM)
	return loc;
#endif
      return find_split_point (&SUBREG_REG (x), insn);

    case MEM:
#ifdef HAVE_lo_sum
      /* If we have (mem (const ..)) or (mem (symbol_ref ...)), split it
	 using LO_SUM and HIGH.  */
      if (GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 0)) == CONST
	  || GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 0)) == SYMBOL_REF)
	{
	  SUBST (XEXP (x, 0),
		 gen_rtx_combine (LO_SUM, Pmode,
				  gen_rtx_combine (HIGH, Pmode, XEXP (x, 0)),
				  XEXP (x, 0)));
	  return &XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 0);
	}
#endif

      /* If we have a PLUS whose second operand is a constant and the
	 address is not valid, perhaps will can split it up using
	 the machine-specific way to split large constants.  We use
	 the first pseudo-reg (one of the virtual regs) as a placeholder;
	 it will not remain in the result.  */
      if (GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 0)) == PLUS
	  && GET_CODE (XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 1)) == CONST_INT
	  && ! memory_address_p (GET_MODE (x), XEXP (x, 0)))
	{
	  rtx reg = regno_reg_rtx[FIRST_PSEUDO_REGISTER];
	  rtx seq = split_insns (gen_rtx_SET (VOIDmode, reg, XEXP (x, 0)),
				 subst_insn);

	  /* This should have produced two insns, each of which sets our
	     placeholder.  If the source of the second is a valid address,
	     we can make put both sources together and make a split point
	     in the middle.  */

	  if (seq && XVECLEN (seq, 0) == 2
	      && GET_CODE (XVECEXP (seq, 0, 0)) == INSN
	      && GET_CODE (PATTERN (XVECEXP (seq, 0, 0))) == SET
	      && SET_DEST (PATTERN (XVECEXP (seq, 0, 0))) == reg
	      && ! reg_mentioned_p (reg,
				    SET_SRC (PATTERN (XVECEXP (seq, 0, 0))))
	      && GET_CODE (XVECEXP (seq, 0, 1)) == INSN
	      && GET_CODE (PATTERN (XVECEXP (seq, 0, 1))) == SET
	      && SET_DEST (PATTERN (XVECEXP (seq, 0, 1))) == reg
	      && memory_address_p (GET_MODE (x),
				   SET_SRC (PATTERN (XVECEXP (seq, 0, 1)))))
	    {
	      rtx src1 = SET_SRC (PATTERN (XVECEXP (seq, 0, 0)));
	      rtx src2 = SET_SRC (PATTERN (XVECEXP (seq, 0, 1)));

	      /* Replace the placeholder in SRC2 with SRC1.  If we can
		 find where in SRC2 it was placed, that can become our
		 split point and we can replace this address with SRC2.
		 Just try two obvious places.  */

	      src2 = replace_rtx (src2, reg, src1);
	      split = 0;
	      if (XEXP (src2, 0) == src1)
		split = &XEXP (src2, 0);
	      else if (GET_RTX_FORMAT (GET_CODE (XEXP (src2, 0)))[0] == 'e'
		       && XEXP (XEXP (src2, 0), 0) == src1)
		split = &XEXP (XEXP (src2, 0), 0);

	      if (split)
		{
		  SUBST (XEXP (x, 0), src2);
		  return split;
		}
	    }
	  
	  /* If that didn't work, perhaps the first operand is complex and
	     needs to be computed separately, so make a split point there.
	     This will occur on machines that just support REG + CONST
	     and have a constant moved through some previous computation.  */

	  else if (GET_RTX_CLASS (GET_CODE (XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 0))) != 'o'
		   && ! (GET_CODE (XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 0)) == SUBREG
			 && (GET_RTX_CLASS (GET_CODE (SUBREG_REG (XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 0))))
			     == 'o')))
	    return &XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 0);
	}
      break;

    case SET:
#ifdef HAVE_cc0
      /* If SET_DEST is CC0 and SET_SRC is not an operand, a COMPARE, or a
	 ZERO_EXTRACT, the most likely reason why this doesn't match is that
	 we need to put the operand into a register.  So split at that
	 point.  */

      if (SET_DEST (x) == cc0_rtx
	  && GET_CODE (SET_SRC (x)) != COMPARE
	  && GET_CODE (SET_SRC (x)) != ZERO_EXTRACT
	  && GET_RTX_CLASS (GET_CODE (SET_SRC (x))) != 'o'
	  && ! (GET_CODE (SET_SRC (x)) == SUBREG
		&& GET_RTX_CLASS (GET_CODE (SUBREG_REG (SET_SRC (x)))) == 'o'))
	return &SET_SRC (x);
#endif

      /* See if we can split SET_SRC as it stands.  */
      split = find_split_point (&SET_SRC (x), insn);
      if (split && split != &SET_SRC (x))
	return split;

      /* See if we can split SET_DEST as it stands.  */
      split = find_split_point (&SET_DEST (x), insn);
      if (split && split != &SET_DEST (x))
	return split;

      /* See if this is a bitfield assignment with everything constant.  If
	 so, this is an IOR of an AND, so split it into that.  */
      if (GET_CODE (SET_DEST (x)) == ZERO_EXTRACT
	  && (GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (XEXP (SET_DEST (x), 0)))
	      <= HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT)
	  && GET_CODE (XEXP (SET_DEST (x), 1)) == CONST_INT
	  && GET_CODE (XEXP (SET_DEST (x), 2)) == CONST_INT
	  && GET_CODE (SET_SRC (x)) == CONST_INT
	  && ((INTVAL (XEXP (SET_DEST (x), 1))
	      + INTVAL (XEXP (SET_DEST (x), 2)))
	      <= GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (XEXP (SET_DEST (x), 0))))
	  && ! side_effects_p (XEXP (SET_DEST (x), 0)))
	{
	  int pos = INTVAL (XEXP (SET_DEST (x), 2));
	  int len = INTVAL (XEXP (SET_DEST (x), 1));
	  int src = INTVAL (SET_SRC (x));
	  rtx dest = XEXP (SET_DEST (x), 0);
	  enum machine_mode mode = GET_MODE (dest);
	  unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT mask = ((HOST_WIDE_INT) 1 << len) - 1;

	  if (BITS_BIG_ENDIAN)
	    pos = GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode) - len - pos;

	  if ((unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT) src == mask)
	    SUBST (SET_SRC (x),
		   gen_binary (IOR, mode, dest, GEN_INT (src << pos)));
	  else
	    SUBST (SET_SRC (x),
		   gen_binary (IOR, mode,
			       gen_binary (AND, mode, dest, 
					   GEN_INT (~ (mask << pos)
						    & GET_MODE_MASK (mode))),
			       GEN_INT (src << pos)));

	  SUBST (SET_DEST (x), dest);

	  split = find_split_point (&SET_SRC (x), insn);
	  if (split && split != &SET_SRC (x))
	    return split;
	}

      /* Otherwise, see if this is an operation that we can split into two.
	 If so, try to split that.  */
      code = GET_CODE (SET_SRC (x));

      switch (code)
	{
	case AND:
	  /* If we are AND'ing with a large constant that is only a single
	     bit and the result is only being used in a context where we
	     need to know if it is zero or non-zero, replace it with a bit
	     extraction.  This will avoid the large constant, which might
	     have taken more than one insn to make.  If the constant were
	     not a valid argument to the AND but took only one insn to make,
	     this is no worse, but if it took more than one insn, it will
	     be better.  */

	  if (GET_CODE (XEXP (SET_SRC (x), 1)) == CONST_INT
	      && GET_CODE (XEXP (SET_SRC (x), 0)) == REG
	      && (pos = exact_log2 (INTVAL (XEXP (SET_SRC (x), 1)))) >= 7
	      && GET_CODE (SET_DEST (x)) == REG
	      && (split = find_single_use (SET_DEST (x), insn, NULL_PTR)) != 0
	      && (GET_CODE (*split) == EQ || GET_CODE (*split) == NE)
	      && XEXP (*split, 0) == SET_DEST (x)
	      && XEXP (*split, 1) == const0_rtx)
	    {
	      rtx extraction = make_extraction (GET_MODE (SET_DEST (x)),
						XEXP (SET_SRC (x), 0),
						pos, NULL_RTX, 1, 1, 0, 0);
	      if (extraction != 0)
		{
		  SUBST (SET_SRC (x), extraction);
		  return find_split_point (loc, insn);
		}
	    }
	  break;

	case NE:
	  /* if STORE_FLAG_VALUE is -1, this is (NE X 0) and only one bit of X
	     is known to be on, this can be converted into a NEG of a shift. */
	  if (STORE_FLAG_VALUE == -1 && XEXP (SET_SRC (x), 1) == const0_rtx
	      && GET_MODE (SET_SRC (x)) == GET_MODE (XEXP (SET_SRC (x), 0))
	      && 1 <= (pos = exact_log2
		       (nonzero_bits (XEXP (SET_SRC (x), 0),
				      GET_MODE (XEXP (SET_SRC (x), 0))))))
	    {
	      enum machine_mode mode = GET_MODE (XEXP (SET_SRC (x), 0));

	      SUBST (SET_SRC (x),
		     gen_rtx_combine (NEG, mode,
				      gen_rtx_combine (LSHIFTRT, mode,
						       XEXP (SET_SRC (x), 0),
						       GEN_INT (pos))));

	      split = find_split_point (&SET_SRC (x), insn);
	      if (split && split != &SET_SRC (x))
		return split;
	    }
	  break;

	case SIGN_EXTEND:
	  inner = XEXP (SET_SRC (x), 0);

	  /* We can't optimize if either mode is a partial integer
	     mode as we don't know how many bits are significant
	     in those modes.  */
	  if (GET_MODE_CLASS (GET_MODE (inner)) == MODE_PARTIAL_INT
	      || GET_MODE_CLASS (GET_MODE (SET_SRC (x))) == MODE_PARTIAL_INT)
	    break;

	  pos = 0;
	  len = GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (inner));
	  unsignedp = 0;
	  break;

	case SIGN_EXTRACT:
	case ZERO_EXTRACT:
	  if (GET_CODE (XEXP (SET_SRC (x), 1)) == CONST_INT
	      && GET_CODE (XEXP (SET_SRC (x), 2)) == CONST_INT)
	    {
	      inner = XEXP (SET_SRC (x), 0);
	      len = INTVAL (XEXP (SET_SRC (x), 1));
	      pos = INTVAL (XEXP (SET_SRC (x), 2));

	      if (BITS_BIG_ENDIAN)
		pos = GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (inner)) - len - pos;
	      unsignedp = (code == ZERO_EXTRACT);
	    }
	  break;

	default:
	  break;
	}

      if (len && pos >= 0 && pos + len <= GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (inner)))
	{
	  enum machine_mode mode = GET_MODE (SET_SRC (x));

	  /* For unsigned, we have a choice of a shift followed by an
	     AND or two shifts.  Use two shifts for field sizes where the
	     constant might be too large.  We assume here that we can
	     always at least get 8-bit constants in an AND insn, which is
	     true for every current RISC.  */

	  if (unsignedp && len <= 8)
	    {
	      SUBST (SET_SRC (x),
		     gen_rtx_combine
		     (AND, mode,
		      gen_rtx_combine (LSHIFTRT, mode,
				       gen_lowpart_for_combine (mode, inner),
				       GEN_INT (pos)),
		      GEN_INT (((HOST_WIDE_INT) 1 << len) - 1)));

	      split = find_split_point (&SET_SRC (x), insn);
	      if (split && split != &SET_SRC (x))
		return split;
	    }
	  else
	    {
	      SUBST (SET_SRC (x),
		     gen_rtx_combine
		     (unsignedp ? LSHIFTRT : ASHIFTRT, mode,
		      gen_rtx_combine (ASHIFT, mode,
				       gen_lowpart_for_combine (mode, inner),
				       GEN_INT (GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode)
						- len - pos)),
		      GEN_INT (GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode) - len)));

	      split = find_split_point (&SET_SRC (x), insn);
	      if (split && split != &SET_SRC (x))
		return split;
	    }
	}

      /* See if this is a simple operation with a constant as the second
	 operand.  It might be that this constant is out of range and hence
	 could be used as a split point.  */
      if ((GET_RTX_CLASS (GET_CODE (SET_SRC (x))) == '2'
	   || GET_RTX_CLASS (GET_CODE (SET_SRC (x))) == 'c'
	   || GET_RTX_CLASS (GET_CODE (SET_SRC (x))) == '<')
	  && CONSTANT_P (XEXP (SET_SRC (x), 1))
	  && (GET_RTX_CLASS (GET_CODE (XEXP (SET_SRC (x), 0))) == 'o'
	      || (GET_CODE (XEXP (SET_SRC (x), 0)) == SUBREG
		  && (GET_RTX_CLASS (GET_CODE (SUBREG_REG (XEXP (SET_SRC (x), 0))))
		      == 'o'))))
	return &XEXP (SET_SRC (x), 1);

      /* Finally, see if this is a simple operation with its first operand
	 not in a register.  The operation might require this operand in a
	 register, so return it as a split point.  We can always do this
	 because if the first operand were another operation, we would have
	 already found it as a split point.  */
      if ((GET_RTX_CLASS (GET_CODE (SET_SRC (x))) == '2'
	   || GET_RTX_CLASS (GET_CODE (SET_SRC (x))) == 'c'
	   || GET_RTX_CLASS (GET_CODE (SET_SRC (x))) == '<'
	   || GET_RTX_CLASS (GET_CODE (SET_SRC (x))) == '1')
	  && ! register_operand (XEXP (SET_SRC (x), 0), VOIDmode))
	return &XEXP (SET_SRC (x), 0);

      return 0;

    case AND:
    case IOR:
      /* We write NOR as (and (not A) (not B)), but if we don't have a NOR,
	 it is better to write this as (not (ior A B)) so we can split it.
	 Similarly for IOR.  */
      if (GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 0)) == NOT && GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 1)) == NOT)
	{
	  SUBST (*loc,
		 gen_rtx_combine (NOT, GET_MODE (x),
				  gen_rtx_combine (code == IOR ? AND : IOR,
						   GET_MODE (x),
						   XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 0),
						   XEXP (XEXP (x, 1), 0))));
	  return find_split_point (loc, insn);
	}

      /* Many RISC machines have a large set of logical insns.  If the
	 second operand is a NOT, put it first so we will try to split the
	 other operand first.  */
      if (GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 1)) == NOT)
	{
	  rtx tem = XEXP (x, 0);
	  SUBST (XEXP (x, 0), XEXP (x, 1));
	  SUBST (XEXP (x, 1), tem);
	}
      break;

    default:
      break;
    }

  /* Otherwise, select our actions depending on our rtx class.  */
  switch (GET_RTX_CLASS (code))
    {
    case 'b':			/* This is ZERO_EXTRACT and SIGN_EXTRACT.  */
    case '3':
      split = find_split_point (&XEXP (x, 2), insn);
      if (split)
	return split;
      /* ... fall through ...  */
    case '2':
    case 'c':
    case '<':
      split = find_split_point (&XEXP (x, 1), insn);
      if (split)
	return split;
      /* ... fall through ...  */
    case '1':
      /* Some machines have (and (shift ...) ...) insns.  If X is not
	 an AND, but XEXP (X, 0) is, use it as our split point.  */
      if (GET_CODE (x) != AND && GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 0)) == AND)
	return &XEXP (x, 0);

      split = find_split_point (&XEXP (x, 0), insn);
      if (split)
	return split;
      return loc;
    }

  /* Otherwise, we don't have a split point.  */
  return 0;
}

/* Throughout X, replace FROM with TO, and return the result.
   The result is TO if X is FROM;
   otherwise the result is X, but its contents may have been modified.
   If they were modified, a record was made in undobuf so that
   undo_all will (among other things) return X to its original state.

   If the number of changes necessary is too much to record to undo,
   the excess changes are not made, so the result is invalid.
   The changes already made can still be undone.
   undobuf.num_undo is incremented for such changes, so by testing that
   the caller can tell whether the result is valid.

   `n_occurrences' is incremented each time FROM is replaced.
   
   IN_DEST is non-zero if we are processing the SET_DEST of a SET.

   UNIQUE_COPY is non-zero if each substitution must be unique.  We do this
   by copying if `n_occurrences' is non-zero.  */

static rtx
subst (x, from, to, in_dest, unique_copy)
     register rtx x, from, to;
     int in_dest;
     int unique_copy;
{
  register enum rtx_code code = GET_CODE (x);
  enum machine_mode op0_mode = VOIDmode;
  register char *fmt;
  register int len, i;
  rtx new;

/* Two expressions are equal if they are identical copies of a shared
   RTX or if they are both registers with the same register number
   and mode.  */

#define COMBINE_RTX_EQUAL_P(X,Y)			\
  ((X) == (Y)						\
   || (GET_CODE (X) == REG && GET_CODE (Y) == REG	\
       && REGNO (X) == REGNO (Y) && GET_MODE (X) == GET_MODE (Y)))

  if (! in_dest && COMBINE_RTX_EQUAL_P (x, from))
    {
      n_occurrences++;
      return (unique_copy && n_occurrences > 1 ? copy_rtx (to) : to);
    }

  /* If X and FROM are the same register but different modes, they will
     not have been seen as equal above.  However, flow.c will make a 
     LOG_LINKS entry for that case.  If we do nothing, we will try to
     rerecognize our original insn and, when it succeeds, we will
     delete the feeding insn, which is incorrect.

     So force this insn not to match in this (rare) case.  */
  if (! in_dest && code == REG && GET_CODE (from) == REG
      && REGNO (x) == REGNO (from))
    return gen_rtx_CLOBBER (GET_MODE (x), const0_rtx);

  /* If this is an object, we are done unless it is a MEM or LO_SUM, both
     of which may contain things that can be combined.  */
  if (code != MEM && code != LO_SUM && GET_RTX_CLASS (code) == 'o')
    return x;

  /* It is possible to have a subexpression appear twice in the insn.
     Suppose that FROM is a register that appears within TO.
     Then, after that subexpression has been scanned once by `subst',
     the second time it is scanned, TO may be found.  If we were
     to scan TO here, we would find FROM within it and create a
     self-referent rtl structure which is completely wrong.  */
  if (COMBINE_RTX_EQUAL_P (x, to))
    return to;

  /* Parallel asm_operands need special attention because all of the
     inputs are shared across the arms.  Furthermore, unsharing the
     rtl results in recognition failures.  Failure to handle this case
     specially can result in circular rtl.

     Solve this by doing a normal pass across the first entry of the
     parallel, and only processing the SET_DESTs of the subsequent
     entries.  Ug.  */

  if (code == PARALLEL
      && GET_CODE (XVECEXP (x, 0, 0)) == SET
      && GET_CODE (SET_SRC (XVECEXP (x, 0, 0))) == ASM_OPERANDS)
    {
      new = subst (XVECEXP (x, 0, 0), from, to, 0, unique_copy);

      /* If this substitution failed, this whole thing fails.  */
      if (GET_CODE (new) == CLOBBER
	  && XEXP (new, 0) == const0_rtx)
	return new;

      SUBST (XVECEXP (x, 0, 0), new);

      for (i = XVECLEN (x, 0) - 1; i >= 1; i--)
	{
	  rtx dest = SET_DEST (XVECEXP (x, 0, i));
	  
	  if (GET_CODE (dest) != REG
	      && GET_CODE (dest) != CC0
	      && GET_CODE (dest) != PC)
	    {
	      new = subst (dest, from, to, 0, unique_copy);

	      /* If this substitution failed, this whole thing fails.  */
	      if (GET_CODE (new) == CLOBBER
		  && XEXP (new, 0) == const0_rtx)
		return new;

	      SUBST (SET_DEST (XVECEXP (x, 0, i)), new);
	    }
	}
    }
  else
    {
      len = GET_RTX_LENGTH (code);
      fmt = GET_RTX_FORMAT (code);

      /* We don't need to process a SET_DEST that is a register, CC0,
	 or PC, so set up to skip this common case.  All other cases
	 where we want to suppress replacing something inside a
	 SET_SRC are handled via the IN_DEST operand.  */
      if (code == SET
	  && (GET_CODE (SET_DEST (x)) == REG
	      || GET_CODE (SET_DEST (x)) == CC0
	      || GET_CODE (SET_DEST (x)) == PC))
	fmt = "ie";

      /* Get the mode of operand 0 in case X is now a SIGN_EXTEND of a
	 constant.  */
      if (fmt[0] == 'e')
	op0_mode = GET_MODE (XEXP (x, 0));

      for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
	{
	  if (fmt[i] == 'E')
	    {
	      register int j;
	      for (j = XVECLEN (x, i) - 1; j >= 0; j--)
		{
		  if (COMBINE_RTX_EQUAL_P (XVECEXP (x, i, j), from))
		    {
		      new = (unique_copy && n_occurrences
			     ? copy_rtx (to) : to);
		      n_occurrences++;
		    }
		  else
		    {
		      new = subst (XVECEXP (x, i, j), from, to, 0,
				   unique_copy);

		      /* If this substitution failed, this whole thing
			 fails.  */
		      if (GET_CODE (new) == CLOBBER
			  && XEXP (new, 0) == const0_rtx)
			return new;
		    }

		  SUBST (XVECEXP (x, i, j), new);
		}
	    }
	  else if (fmt[i] == 'e')
	    {
	      if (COMBINE_RTX_EQUAL_P (XEXP (x, i), from))
		{
		  /* In general, don't install a subreg involving two
		     modes not tieable.  It can worsen register
		     allocation, and can even make invalid reload
		     insns, since the reg inside may need to be copied
		     from in the outside mode, and that may be invalid
		     if it is an fp reg copied in integer mode.

		     We allow two exceptions to this: It is valid if
		     it is inside another SUBREG and the mode of that
		     SUBREG and the mode of the inside of TO is
		     tieable and it is valid if X is a SET that copies
		     FROM to CC0.  */

		  if (GET_CODE (to) == SUBREG
		      && ! MODES_TIEABLE_P (GET_MODE (to),
					    GET_MODE (SUBREG_REG (to)))
		      && ! (code == SUBREG
			    && MODES_TIEABLE_P (GET_MODE (x),
						GET_MODE (SUBREG_REG (to))))
#ifdef HAVE_cc0
		      && ! (code == SET && i == 1 && XEXP (x, 0) == cc0_rtx)
#endif
		      )
		    return gen_rtx_CLOBBER (VOIDmode, const0_rtx);

		  new = (unique_copy && n_occurrences ? copy_rtx (to) : to);
		  n_occurrences++;
		}
	      else
		/* If we are in a SET_DEST, suppress most cases unless we
		   have gone inside a MEM, in which case we want to
		   simplify the address.  We assume here that things that
		   are actually part of the destination have their inner
		   parts in the first expression.  This is true for SUBREG, 
		   STRICT_LOW_PART, and ZERO_EXTRACT, which are the only
		   things aside from REG and MEM that should appear in a
		   SET_DEST.  */
		new = subst (XEXP (x, i), from, to,
			     (((in_dest
				&& (code == SUBREG || code == STRICT_LOW_PART
				    || code == ZERO_EXTRACT))
			       || code == SET)
			      && i == 0), unique_copy);

	      /* If we found that we will have to reject this combination,
		 indicate that by returning the CLOBBER ourselves, rather than
		 an expression containing it.  This will speed things up as
		 well as prevent accidents where two CLOBBERs are considered
		 to be equal, thus producing an incorrect simplification.  */

	      if (GET_CODE (new) == CLOBBER && XEXP (new, 0) == const0_rtx)
		return new;

	      SUBST (XEXP (x, i), new);
	    }
	}
    }

  /* Try to simplify X.  If the simplification changed the code, it is likely
     that further simplification will help, so loop, but limit the number
     of repetitions that will be performed.  */

  for (i = 0; i < 4; i++)
    {
      /* If X is sufficiently simple, don't bother trying to do anything
	 with it.  */
      if (code != CONST_INT && code != REG && code != CLOBBER)
	x = simplify_rtx (x, op0_mode, i == 3, in_dest);

      if (GET_CODE (x) == code)
	break;

      code = GET_CODE (x);

      /* We no longer know the original mode of operand 0 since we
	 have changed the form of X)  */
      op0_mode = VOIDmode;
    }

  return x;
}

/* Simplify X, a piece of RTL.  We just operate on the expression at the
   outer level; call `subst' to simplify recursively.  Return the new
   expression.

   OP0_MODE is the original mode of XEXP (x, 0); LAST is nonzero if this
   will be the iteration even if an expression with a code different from
   X is returned; IN_DEST is nonzero if we are inside a SET_DEST.  */

static rtx
simplify_rtx (x, op0_mode, last, in_dest)
     rtx x;
     enum machine_mode op0_mode;
     int last;
     int in_dest;
{
  enum rtx_code code = GET_CODE (x);
  enum machine_mode mode = GET_MODE (x);
  rtx temp;
  int i;

  /* If this is a commutative operation, put a constant last and a complex
     expression first.  We don't need to do this for comparisons here.  */
  if (GET_RTX_CLASS (code) == 'c'
      && ((CONSTANT_P (XEXP (x, 0)) && GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 1)) != CONST_INT)
	  || (GET_RTX_CLASS (GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 0))) == 'o'
	      && GET_RTX_CLASS (GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 1))) != 'o')
	  || (GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 0)) == SUBREG
	      && GET_RTX_CLASS (GET_CODE (SUBREG_REG (XEXP (x, 0)))) == 'o'
	      && GET_RTX_CLASS (GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 1))) != 'o')))
    {
      temp = XEXP (x, 0);
      SUBST (XEXP (x, 0), XEXP (x, 1));
      SUBST (XEXP (x, 1), temp);
    }

  /* If this is a PLUS, MINUS, or MULT, and the first operand is the
     sign extension of a PLUS with a constant, reverse the order of the sign
     extension and the addition. Note that this not the same as the original
     code, but overflow is undefined for signed values.  Also note that the
     PLUS will have been partially moved "inside" the sign-extension, so that
     the first operand of X will really look like:
         (ashiftrt (plus (ashift A C4) C5) C4).
     We convert this to
         (plus (ashiftrt (ashift A C4) C2) C4)
     and replace the first operand of X with that expression.  Later parts
     of this function may simplify the expression further.

     For example, if we start with (mult (sign_extend (plus A C1)) C2),
     we swap the SIGN_EXTEND and PLUS.  Later code will apply the
     distributive law to produce (plus (mult (sign_extend X) C1) C3).

     We do this to simplify address expressions.  */

  if ((code == PLUS || code == MINUS || code == MULT)
      && GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 0)) == ASHIFTRT
      && GET_CODE (XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 0)) == PLUS
      && GET_CODE (XEXP (XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 0), 0)) == ASHIFT
      && GET_CODE (XEXP (XEXP (XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 0), 0), 1)) == CONST_INT
      && GET_CODE (XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 1)) == CONST_INT
      && XEXP (XEXP (XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 0), 0), 1) == XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 1)
      && GET_CODE (XEXP (XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 0), 1)) == CONST_INT
      && (temp = simplify_binary_operation (ASHIFTRT, mode,
					    XEXP (XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 0), 1),
					    XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 1))) != 0)
    {
      rtx new
	= simplify_shift_const (NULL_RTX, ASHIFT, mode,
				XEXP (XEXP (XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 0), 0), 0),
				INTVAL (XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 1)));

      new = simplify_shift_const (NULL_RTX, ASHIFTRT, mode, new,
				  INTVAL (XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 1)));

      SUBST (XEXP (x, 0), gen_binary (PLUS, mode, new, temp));
    }

  /* If this is a simple operation applied to an IF_THEN_ELSE, try 
     applying it to the arms of the IF_THEN_ELSE.  This often simplifies
     things.  Check for cases where both arms are testing the same
     condition.

     Don't do anything if all operands are very simple.  */

  if (((GET_RTX_CLASS (code) == '2' || GET_RTX_CLASS (code) == 'c'
	|| GET_RTX_CLASS (code) == '<')
       && ((GET_RTX_CLASS (GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 0))) != 'o'
	    && ! (GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 0)) == SUBREG
		  && (GET_RTX_CLASS (GET_CODE (SUBREG_REG (XEXP (x, 0))))
		      == 'o')))
	   || (GET_RTX_CLASS (GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 1))) != 'o'
	       && ! (GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 1)) == SUBREG
		     && (GET_RTX_CLASS (GET_CODE (SUBREG_REG (XEXP (x, 1))))
			 == 'o')))))
      || (GET_RTX_CLASS (code) == '1'
	  && ((GET_RTX_CLASS (GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 0))) != 'o'
	       && ! (GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 0)) == SUBREG
		     && (GET_RTX_CLASS (GET_CODE (SUBREG_REG (XEXP (x, 0))))
			 == 'o'))))))
    {
      rtx cond, true, false;

      cond = if_then_else_cond (x, &true, &false);
      if (cond != 0
	  /* If everything is a comparison, what we have is highly unlikely
	     to be simpler, so don't use it.  */
	  && ! (GET_RTX_CLASS (code) == '<'
		&& (GET_RTX_CLASS (GET_CODE (true)) == '<'
		    || GET_RTX_CLASS (GET_CODE (false)) == '<')))
	{
	  rtx cop1 = const0_rtx;
	  enum rtx_code cond_code = simplify_comparison (NE, &cond, &cop1);

	  if (cond_code == NE && GET_RTX_CLASS (GET_CODE (cond)) == '<')
	    return x;

	  /* Simplify the alternative arms; this may collapse the true and 
	     false arms to store-flag values.  */
	  true = subst (true, pc_rtx, pc_rtx, 0, 0);
	  false = subst (false, pc_rtx, pc_rtx, 0, 0);

	  /* Restarting if we generate a store-flag expression will cause
	     us to loop.  Just drop through in this case.  */

	  /* If the result values are STORE_FLAG_VALUE and zero, we can
	     just make the comparison operation.  */
	  if (true == const_true_rtx && false == const0_rtx)
	    x = gen_binary (cond_code, mode, cond, cop1);
	  else if (true == const0_rtx && false == const_true_rtx)
	    x = gen_binary (reverse_condition (cond_code), mode, cond, cop1);

	  /* Likewise, we can make the negate of a comparison operation
	     if the result values are - STORE_FLAG_VALUE and zero.  */
	  else if (GET_CODE (true) == CONST_INT
		   && INTVAL (true) == - STORE_FLAG_VALUE
		   && false == const0_rtx)
	    x = gen_unary (NEG, mode, mode,
			   gen_binary (cond_code, mode, cond, cop1));
	  else if (GET_CODE (false) == CONST_INT
		   && INTVAL (false) == - STORE_FLAG_VALUE
		   && true == const0_rtx)
	    x = gen_unary (NEG, mode, mode,
			   gen_binary (reverse_condition (cond_code), 
				       mode, cond, cop1));
	  else
	    return gen_rtx_IF_THEN_ELSE (mode,
					 gen_binary (cond_code, VOIDmode,
						     cond, cop1),
					 true, false);

	  code = GET_CODE (x);
	  op0_mode = VOIDmode;
	}
    }

  /* Try to fold this expression in case we have constants that weren't
     present before.  */
  temp = 0;
  switch (GET_RTX_CLASS (code))
    {
    case '1':
      temp = simplify_unary_operation (code, mode, XEXP (x, 0), op0_mode);
      break;
    case '<':
      temp = simplify_relational_operation (code, op0_mode,
					    XEXP (x, 0), XEXP (x, 1));
#ifdef FLOAT_STORE_FLAG_VALUE
      if (temp != 0 && GET_MODE_CLASS (GET_MODE (x)) == MODE_FLOAT)
	temp = ((temp == const0_rtx) ? CONST0_RTX (GET_MODE (x))
		: immed_real_const_1 (FLOAT_STORE_FLAG_VALUE, GET_MODE (x)));
#endif
      break;
    case 'c':
    case '2':
      temp = simplify_binary_operation (code, mode, XEXP (x, 0), XEXP (x, 1));
      break;
    case 'b':
    case '3':
      temp = simplify_ternary_operation (code, mode, op0_mode, XEXP (x, 0),
					 XEXP (x, 1), XEXP (x, 2));
      break;
    }

  if (temp)
    x = temp, code = GET_CODE (temp);

  /* First see if we can apply the inverse distributive law.  */
  if (code == PLUS || code == MINUS
      || code == AND || code == IOR || code == XOR)
    {
      x = apply_distributive_law (x);
      code = GET_CODE (x);
    }

  /* If CODE is an associative operation not otherwise handled, see if we
     can associate some operands.  This can win if they are constants or
     if they are logically related (i.e. (a & b) & a.  */
  if ((code == PLUS || code == MINUS
       || code == MULT || code == AND || code == IOR || code == XOR
       || code == DIV || code == UDIV
       || code == SMAX || code == SMIN || code == UMAX || code == UMIN)
      && INTEGRAL_MODE_P (mode))
    {
      if (GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 0)) == code)
	{
	  rtx other = XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 0);
	  rtx inner_op0 = XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 1);
	  rtx inner_op1 = XEXP (x, 1);
	  rtx inner;
	  
	  /* Make sure we pass the constant operand if any as the second
	     one if this is a commutative operation.  */
	  if (CONSTANT_P (inner_op0) && GET_RTX_CLASS (code) == 'c')
	    {
	      rtx tem = inner_op0;
	      inner_op0 = inner_op1;
	      inner_op1 = tem;
	    }
	  inner = simplify_binary_operation (code == MINUS ? PLUS
					     : code == DIV ? MULT
					     : code == UDIV ? MULT
					     : code,
					     mode, inner_op0, inner_op1);

	  /* For commutative operations, try the other pair if that one
	     didn't simplify.  */
	  if (inner == 0 && GET_RTX_CLASS (code) == 'c')
	    {
	      other = XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 1);
	      inner = simplify_binary_operation (code, mode,
						 XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 0),
						 XEXP (x, 1));
	    }

	  if (inner)
	    return gen_binary (code, mode, other, inner);
	}
    }

  /* A little bit of algebraic simplification here.  */
  switch (code)
    {
    case MEM:
      /* Ensure that our address has any ASHIFTs converted to MULT in case
	 address-recognizing predicates are called later.  */
      temp = make_compound_operation (XEXP (x, 0), MEM);
      SUBST (XEXP (x, 0), temp);
      break;

    case SUBREG:
      /* (subreg:A (mem:B X) N) becomes a modified MEM unless the SUBREG
	 is paradoxical.  If we can't do that safely, then it becomes
	 something nonsensical so that this combination won't take place.  */

      if (GET_CODE (SUBREG_REG (x)) == MEM
	  && (GET_MODE_SIZE (mode)
	      <= GET_MODE_SIZE (GET_MODE (SUBREG_REG (x)))))
	{
	  rtx inner = SUBREG_REG (x);
	  int endian_offset = 0;
	  /* Don't change the mode of the MEM
	     if that would change the meaning of the address.  */
	  if (MEM_VOLATILE_P (SUBREG_REG (x))
	      || mode_dependent_address_p (XEXP (inner, 0)))
	    return gen_rtx_CLOBBER (mode, const0_rtx);

	  if (BYTES_BIG_ENDIAN)
	    {
	      if (GET_MODE_SIZE (mode) < UNITS_PER_WORD)
		endian_offset += UNITS_PER_WORD - GET_MODE_SIZE (mode);
	      if (GET_MODE_SIZE (GET_MODE (inner)) < UNITS_PER_WORD)
		endian_offset -= (UNITS_PER_WORD
				  - GET_MODE_SIZE (GET_MODE (inner)));
	    }
	  /* Note if the plus_constant doesn't make a valid address
	     then this combination won't be accepted.  */
	  x = gen_rtx_MEM (mode,
			   plus_constant (XEXP (inner, 0),
					  (SUBREG_WORD (x) * UNITS_PER_WORD
					   + endian_offset)));
	  RTX_UNCHANGING_P (x) = RTX_UNCHANGING_P (inner);
	  MEM_COPY_ATTRIBUTES (x, inner);
	  return x;
	}

      /* If we are in a SET_DEST, these other cases can't apply.  */
      if (in_dest)
	return x;

      /* Changing mode twice with SUBREG => just change it once,
	 or not at all if changing back to starting mode.  */
      if (GET_CODE (SUBREG_REG (x)) == SUBREG)
	{
	  if (mode == GET_MODE (SUBREG_REG (SUBREG_REG (x)))
	      && SUBREG_WORD (x) == 0 && SUBREG_WORD (SUBREG_REG (x)) == 0)
	    return SUBREG_REG (SUBREG_REG (x));

	  SUBST_INT (SUBREG_WORD (x),
		     SUBREG_WORD (x) + SUBREG_WORD (SUBREG_REG (x)));
	  SUBST (SUBREG_REG (x), SUBREG_REG (SUBREG_REG (x)));
	}

      /* SUBREG of a hard register => just change the register number
	 and/or mode.  If the hard register is not valid in that mode,
	 suppress this combination.  If the hard register is the stack,
	 frame, or argument pointer, leave this as a SUBREG.  */

      if (GET_CODE (SUBREG_REG (x)) == REG
	  && REGNO (SUBREG_REG (x)) < FIRST_PSEUDO_REGISTER
	  && REGNO (SUBREG_REG (x)) != FRAME_POINTER_REGNUM
#if HARD_FRAME_POINTER_REGNUM != FRAME_POINTER_REGNUM
	  && REGNO (SUBREG_REG (x)) != HARD_FRAME_POINTER_REGNUM
#endif
#if FRAME_POINTER_REGNUM != ARG_POINTER_REGNUM
	  && REGNO (SUBREG_REG (x)) != ARG_POINTER_REGNUM
#endif
	  && REGNO (SUBREG_REG (x)) != STACK_POINTER_REGNUM)
	{
	  if (HARD_REGNO_MODE_OK (REGNO (SUBREG_REG (x)) + SUBREG_WORD (x),
				  mode))
	    return gen_rtx_REG (mode,
				REGNO (SUBREG_REG (x)) + SUBREG_WORD (x));
	  else
	    return gen_rtx_CLOBBER (mode, const0_rtx);
	}

      /* For a constant, try to pick up the part we want.  Handle a full
	 word and low-order part.  Only do this if we are narrowing
	 the constant; if it is being widened, we have no idea what
	 the extra bits will have been set to.  */

      if (CONSTANT_P (SUBREG_REG (x)) && op0_mode != VOIDmode
	  && GET_MODE_SIZE (mode) == UNITS_PER_WORD
	  && GET_MODE_SIZE (op0_mode) > UNITS_PER_WORD
	  && GET_MODE_CLASS (mode) == MODE_INT)
	{
	  temp = operand_subword (SUBREG_REG (x), SUBREG_WORD (x),
				  0, op0_mode);
	  if (temp)
	    return temp;
	}
	
      /* If we want a subreg of a constant, at offset 0,
	 take the low bits.  On a little-endian machine, that's
	 always valid.  On a big-endian machine, it's valid
	 only if the constant's mode fits in one word.   Note that we
	 cannot use subreg_lowpart_p since SUBREG_REG may be VOIDmode.  */
      if (CONSTANT_P (SUBREG_REG (x))
	  && ((GET_MODE_SIZE (op0_mode) <= UNITS_PER_WORD
	      || ! WORDS_BIG_ENDIAN)
	      ? SUBREG_WORD (x) == 0
	      : (SUBREG_WORD (x)
		 == ((GET_MODE_SIZE (op0_mode)
		      - MAX (GET_MODE_SIZE (mode), UNITS_PER_WORD))
		     / UNITS_PER_WORD)))
	  && GET_MODE_SIZE (mode) <= GET_MODE_SIZE (op0_mode)
	  && (! WORDS_BIG_ENDIAN
	      || GET_MODE_BITSIZE (op0_mode) <= BITS_PER_WORD))
	return gen_lowpart_for_combine (mode, SUBREG_REG (x));

      /* A paradoxical SUBREG of a VOIDmode constant is the same constant,
	 since we are saying that the high bits don't matter.  */
      if (CONSTANT_P (SUBREG_REG (x)) && GET_MODE (SUBREG_REG (x)) == VOIDmode
	  && GET_MODE_SIZE (mode) > GET_MODE_SIZE (op0_mode))
	return SUBREG_REG (x);

      /* Note that we cannot do any narrowing for non-constants since
	 we might have been counting on using the fact that some bits were
	 zero.  We now do this in the SET.  */

      break;

    case NOT:
      /* (not (plus X -1)) can become (neg X).  */
      if (GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 0)) == PLUS
	  && XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 1) == constm1_rtx)
	return gen_rtx_combine (NEG, mode, XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 0));

      /* Similarly, (not (neg X)) is (plus X -1).  */
      if (GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 0)) == NEG)
	return gen_rtx_combine (PLUS, mode, XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 0),
				constm1_rtx);

      /* (not (xor X C)) for C constant is (xor X D) with D = ~ C.  */
      if (GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 0)) == XOR
	  && GET_CODE (XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 1)) == CONST_INT
	  && (temp = simplify_unary_operation (NOT, mode,
					       XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 1),
					       mode)) != 0)
	return gen_binary (XOR, mode, XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 0), temp);
	      
      /* (not (ashift 1 X)) is (rotate ~1 X).  We used to do this for operands
	 other than 1, but that is not valid.  We could do a similar
	 simplification for (not (lshiftrt C X)) where C is just the sign bit,
	 but this doesn't seem common enough to bother with.  */
      if (GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 0)) == ASHIFT
	  && XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 0) == const1_rtx)
	return gen_rtx_ROTATE (mode, gen_unary (NOT, mode, mode, const1_rtx),
			       XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 1));
					    
      if (GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 0)) == SUBREG
	  && subreg_lowpart_p (XEXP (x, 0))
	  && (GET_MODE_SIZE (GET_MODE (XEXP (x, 0)))
	      < GET_MODE_SIZE (GET_MODE (SUBREG_REG (XEXP (x, 0)))))
	  && GET_CODE (SUBREG_REG (XEXP (x, 0))) == ASHIFT
	  && XEXP (SUBREG_REG (XEXP (x, 0)), 0) == const1_rtx)
	{
	  enum machine_mode inner_mode = GET_MODE (SUBREG_REG (XEXP (x, 0)));

	  x = gen_rtx_ROTATE (inner_mode,
			      gen_unary (NOT, inner_mode, inner_mode,
					 const1_rtx),
			      XEXP (SUBREG_REG (XEXP (x, 0)), 1));
	  return gen_lowpart_for_combine (mode, x);
	}
					    
      /* If STORE_FLAG_VALUE is -1, (not (comparison foo bar)) can be done by
	 reversing the comparison code if valid.  */
      if (STORE_FLAG_VALUE == -1
	  && GET_RTX_CLASS (GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 0))) == '<'
	  && reversible_comparison_p (XEXP (x, 0)))
	return gen_rtx_combine (reverse_condition (GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 0))),
				mode, XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 0),
				XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 1));

      /* (ashiftrt foo C) where C is the number of bits in FOO minus 1
	 is (lt foo (const_int 0)) if STORE_FLAG_VALUE is -1, so we can
	 perform the above simplification.  */

      if (STORE_FLAG_VALUE == -1
	  && XEXP (x, 1) == const1_rtx
	  && GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 0)) == ASHIFTRT
	  && GET_CODE (XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 1)) == CONST_INT
	  && INTVAL (XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 1)) == GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode) - 1)
	return gen_rtx_combine (GE, mode, XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 0), const0_rtx);

      /* Apply De Morgan's laws to reduce number of patterns for machines
 	 with negating logical insns (and-not, nand, etc.).  If result has
 	 only one NOT, put it first, since that is how the patterns are
 	 coded.  */

      if (GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 0)) == IOR || GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 0)) == AND)
 	{
 	 rtx in1 = XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 0), in2 = XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 1);

	 if (GET_CODE (in1) == NOT)
	   in1 = XEXP (in1, 0);
 	 else
	   in1 = gen_rtx_combine (NOT, GET_MODE (in1), in1);

	 if (GET_CODE (in2) == NOT)
	   in2 = XEXP (in2, 0);
 	 else if (GET_CODE (in2) == CONST_INT
		  && GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode) <= HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT)
	   in2 = GEN_INT (GET_MODE_MASK (mode) & ~ INTVAL (in2));
	 else
	   in2 = gen_rtx_combine (NOT, GET_MODE (in2), in2);

	 if (GET_CODE (in2) == NOT)
	   {
	     rtx tem = in2;
	     in2 = in1; in1 = tem;
	   }

	 return gen_rtx_combine (GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 0)) == IOR ? AND : IOR,
				 mode, in1, in2);
       } 
      break;

    case NEG:
      /* (neg (plus X 1)) can become (not X).  */
      if (GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 0)) == PLUS
	  && XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 1) == const1_rtx)
	return gen_rtx_combine (NOT, mode, XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 0));

      /* Similarly, (neg (not X)) is (plus X 1).  */
      if (GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 0)) == NOT)
	return plus_constant (XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 0), 1);

      /* (neg (minus X Y)) can become (minus Y X).  */
      if (GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 0)) == MINUS
	  && (! FLOAT_MODE_P (mode)
	      /* x-y != -(y-x) with IEEE floating point.  */
	      || TARGET_FLOAT_FORMAT != IEEE_FLOAT_FORMAT
	      || flag_fast_math))
	return gen_binary (MINUS, mode, XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 1),
			   XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 0));

      /* (neg (xor A 1)) is (plus A -1) if A is known to be either 0 or 1.  */
      if (GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 0)) == XOR && XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 1) == const1_rtx
	  && nonzero_bits (XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 0), mode) == 1)
	return gen_binary (PLUS, mode, XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 0), constm1_rtx);

      /* NEG commutes with ASHIFT since it is multiplication.  Only do this
	 if we can then eliminate the NEG (e.g.,
	 if the operand is a constant).  */

      if (GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 0)) == ASHIFT)
	{
	  temp = simplify_unary_operation (NEG, mode,
					   XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 0), mode);
	  if (temp)
	    {
	      SUBST (XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 0), temp);
	      return XEXP (x, 0);
	    }
	}

      temp = expand_compound_operation (XEXP (x, 0));

      /* For C equal to the width of MODE minus 1, (neg (ashiftrt X C)) can be
 	 replaced by (lshiftrt X C).  This will convert
	 (neg (sign_extract X 1 Y)) to (zero_extract X 1 Y).  */

      if (GET_CODE (temp) == ASHIFTRT
	  && GET_CODE (XEXP (temp, 1)) == CONST_INT
	  && INTVAL (XEXP (temp, 1)) == GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode) - 1)
	return simplify_shift_const (temp, LSHIFTRT, mode, XEXP (temp, 0),
				     INTVAL (XEXP (temp, 1)));

      /* If X has only a single bit that might be nonzero, say, bit I, convert
	 (neg X) to (ashiftrt (ashift X C-I) C-I) where C is the bitsize of
	 MODE minus 1.  This will convert (neg (zero_extract X 1 Y)) to
	 (sign_extract X 1 Y).  But only do this if TEMP isn't a register
	 or a SUBREG of one since we'd be making the expression more
	 complex if it was just a register.  */

      if (GET_CODE (temp) != REG
	  && ! (GET_CODE (temp) == SUBREG
		&& GET_CODE (SUBREG_REG (temp)) == REG)
	  && (i = exact_log2 (nonzero_bits (temp, mode))) >= 0)
	{
	  rtx temp1 = simplify_shift_const
	    (NULL_RTX, ASHIFTRT, mode,
	     simplify_shift_const (NULL_RTX, ASHIFT, mode, temp,
				   GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode) - 1 - i),
	     GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode) - 1 - i);

	  /* If all we did was surround TEMP with the two shifts, we
	     haven't improved anything, so don't use it.  Otherwise,
	     we are better off with TEMP1.  */
	  if (GET_CODE (temp1) != ASHIFTRT
	      || GET_CODE (XEXP (temp1, 0)) != ASHIFT
	      || XEXP (XEXP (temp1, 0), 0) != temp)
	    return temp1;
	}
      break;

    case TRUNCATE:
      /* We can't handle truncation to a partial integer mode here
	 because we don't know the real bitsize of the partial
	 integer mode.  */
      if (GET_MODE_CLASS (mode) == MODE_PARTIAL_INT)
	break;

      if (GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode) <= HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT
	  && TRULY_NOOP_TRUNCATION (GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode),
				    GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (XEXP (x, 0)))))
	SUBST (XEXP (x, 0),
	       force_to_mode (XEXP (x, 0), GET_MODE (XEXP (x, 0)),
			      GET_MODE_MASK (mode), NULL_RTX, 0));

      /* (truncate:SI ({sign,zero}_extend:DI foo:SI)) == foo:SI.  */
      if ((GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 0)) == SIGN_EXTEND
	   || GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 0)) == ZERO_EXTEND)
	  && GET_MODE (XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 0)) == mode)
	return XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 0);

      /* (truncate:SI (OP:DI ({sign,zero}_extend:DI foo:SI))) is
	 (OP:SI foo:SI) if OP is NEG or ABS.  */
      if ((GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 0)) == ABS
	   || GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 0)) == NEG)
	  && (GET_CODE (XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 0)) == SIGN_EXTEND
	      || GET_CODE (XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 0)) == ZERO_EXTEND)
	  && GET_MODE (XEXP (XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 0), 0)) == mode)
	return gen_unary (GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 0)), mode, mode,
			  XEXP (XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 0), 0));

      /* (truncate:SI (subreg:DI (truncate:SI X) 0)) is
	 (truncate:SI x).  */
      if (GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 0)) == SUBREG
	  && GET_CODE (SUBREG_REG (XEXP (x, 0))) == TRUNCATE
	  && subreg_lowpart_p (XEXP (x, 0)))
	return SUBREG_REG (XEXP (x, 0));

      /* If we know that the value is already truncated, we can
         replace the TRUNCATE with a SUBREG if TRULY_NOOP_TRUNCATION is
	 nonzero for the corresponding modes.  */
      if (TRULY_NOOP_TRUNCATION (GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode),
				 GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (XEXP (x, 0))))
	  && num_sign_bit_copies (XEXP (x, 0), GET_MODE (XEXP (x, 0)))
	     >= GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode) + 1)
	return gen_lowpart_for_combine (mode, XEXP (x, 0));

      /* A truncate of a comparison can be replaced with a subreg if
         STORE_FLAG_VALUE permits.  This is like the previous test,
         but it works even if the comparison is done in a mode larger
         than HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT.  */
      if (GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode) <= HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT
	  && GET_RTX_CLASS (GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 0))) == '<'
	  && ((HOST_WIDE_INT) STORE_FLAG_VALUE &~ GET_MODE_MASK (mode)) == 0)
	return gen_lowpart_for_combine (mode, XEXP (x, 0));

      /* Similarly, a truncate of a register whose value is a
         comparison can be replaced with a subreg if STORE_FLAG_VALUE
         permits.  */
      if (GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode) <= HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT
	  && ((HOST_WIDE_INT) STORE_FLAG_VALUE &~ GET_MODE_MASK (mode)) == 0
	  && (temp = get_last_value (XEXP (x, 0)))
	  && GET_RTX_CLASS (GET_CODE (temp)) == '<')
	return gen_lowpart_for_combine (mode, XEXP (x, 0));

      break;

    case FLOAT_TRUNCATE:
      /* (float_truncate:SF (float_extend:DF foo:SF)) = foo:SF.  */
      if (GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 0)) == FLOAT_EXTEND
	  && GET_MODE (XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 0)) == mode)
 	return XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 0);

      /* (float_truncate:SF (OP:DF (float_extend:DF foo:sf))) is
	 (OP:SF foo:SF) if OP is NEG or ABS.  */
      if ((GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 0)) == ABS
	   || GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 0)) == NEG)
	  && GET_CODE (XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 0)) == FLOAT_EXTEND
	  && GET_MODE (XEXP (XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 0), 0)) == mode)
	return gen_unary (GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 0)), mode, mode,
			  XEXP (XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 0), 0));

      /* (float_truncate:SF (subreg:DF (float_truncate:SF X) 0))
	 is (float_truncate:SF x).  */
      if (GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 0)) == SUBREG
	  && subreg_lowpart_p (XEXP (x, 0))
	  && GET_CODE (SUBREG_REG (XEXP (x, 0))) == FLOAT_TRUNCATE)
	return SUBREG_REG (XEXP (x, 0));
      break;  

#ifdef HAVE_cc0
    case COMPARE:
      /* Convert (compare FOO (const_int 0)) to FOO unless we aren't
	 using cc0, in which case we want to leave it as a COMPARE
	 so we can distinguish it from a register-register-copy.  */
      if (XEXP (x, 1) == const0_rtx)
	return XEXP (x, 0);

      /* In IEEE floating point, x-0 is not the same as x.  */
      if ((TARGET_FLOAT_FORMAT != IEEE_FLOAT_FORMAT
	   || ! FLOAT_MODE_P (GET_MODE (XEXP (x, 0)))
	   || flag_fast_math)
	  && XEXP (x, 1) == CONST0_RTX (GET_MODE (XEXP (x, 0))))
	return XEXP (x, 0);
      break;
#endif

    case CONST:
      /* (const (const X)) can become (const X).  Do it this way rather than
	 returning the inner CONST since CONST can be shared with a
	 REG_EQUAL note.  */
      if (GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 0)) == CONST)
	SUBST (XEXP (x, 0), XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 0));
      break;

#ifdef HAVE_lo_sum
    case LO_SUM:
      /* Convert (lo_sum (high FOO) FOO) to FOO.  This is necessary so we
	 can add in an offset.  find_split_point will split this address up
	 again if it doesn't match.  */
      if (GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 0)) == HIGH
	  && rtx_equal_p (XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 0), XEXP (x, 1)))
	return XEXP (x, 1);
      break;
#endif

    case PLUS:
      /* If we have (plus (plus (A const) B)), associate it so that CONST is
	 outermost.  That's because that's the way indexed addresses are
	 supposed to appear.  This code used to check many more cases, but
	 they are now checked elsewhere.  */
      if (GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 0)) == PLUS
	  && CONSTANT_ADDRESS_P (XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 1)))
#ifndef FRAME_GROWS_DOWNWARD
	if (! (flag_propolice_protection
	       && XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 0) == frame_pointer_rtx
	       && GET_CODE (XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 1)) == CONST_INT))
#endif
	return gen_binary (PLUS, mode,
			   gen_binary (PLUS, mode, XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 0),
				       XEXP (x, 1)),
			   XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 1));

      /* (plus (xor (and <foo> (const_int pow2 - 1)) <c>) <-c>)
	 when c is (const_int (pow2 + 1) / 2) is a sign extension of a
	 bit-field and can be replaced by either a sign_extend or a
	 sign_extract.  The `and' may be a zero_extend.  */
      if (GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 0)) == XOR
	  && GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 1)) == CONST_INT
	  && GET_CODE (XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 1)) == CONST_INT
	  && INTVAL (XEXP (x, 1)) == - INTVAL (XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 1))
	  && (i = exact_log2 (INTVAL (XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 1)))) >= 0
	  && GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode) <= HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT
	  && ((GET_CODE (XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 0)) == AND
	       && GET_CODE (XEXP (XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 0), 1)) == CONST_INT
	       && (INTVAL (XEXP (XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 0), 1))
		   == ((HOST_WIDE_INT) 1 << (i + 1)) - 1))
	      || (GET_CODE (XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 0)) == ZERO_EXTEND
		  && (GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (XEXP (XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 0), 0)))
		      == i + 1))))
	return simplify_shift_const
	  (NULL_RTX, ASHIFTRT, mode,
	   simplify_shift_const (NULL_RTX, ASHIFT, mode,
				 XEXP (XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 0), 0),
				 GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode) - (i + 1)),
	   GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode) - (i + 1));

      /* (plus (comparison A B) C) can become (neg (rev-comp A B)) if
	 C is 1 and STORE_FLAG_VALUE is -1 or if C is -1 and STORE_FLAG_VALUE
	 is 1.  This produces better code than the alternative immediately
	 below.  */
      if (GET_RTX_CLASS (GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 0))) == '<'
	  && reversible_comparison_p (XEXP (x, 0))
	  && ((STORE_FLAG_VALUE == -1 && XEXP (x, 1) == const1_rtx)
	      || (STORE_FLAG_VALUE == 1 && XEXP (x, 1) == constm1_rtx)))
	return
	  gen_unary (NEG, mode, mode,
		     gen_binary (reverse_condition (GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 0))),
				 mode, XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 0),
				 XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 1)));

      /* If only the low-order bit of X is possibly nonzero, (plus x -1)
	 can become (ashiftrt (ashift (xor x 1) C) C) where C is
	 the bitsize of the mode - 1.  This allows simplification of
	 "a = (b & 8) == 0;"  */
      if (XEXP (x, 1) == constm1_rtx
	  && GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 0)) != REG
	  && ! (GET_CODE (XEXP (x,0)) == SUBREG
		&& GET_CODE (SUBREG_REG (XEXP (x, 0))) == REG)
	  && nonzero_bits (XEXP (x, 0), mode) == 1)
	return simplify_shift_const (NULL_RTX, ASHIFTRT, mode,
	   simplify_shift_const (NULL_RTX, ASHIFT, mode,
				 gen_rtx_combine (XOR, mode,
						  XEXP (x, 0), const1_rtx),
				 GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode) - 1),
	   GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode) - 1);

      /* If we are adding two things that have no bits in common, convert
	 the addition into an IOR.  This will often be further simplified,
	 for example in cases like ((a & 1) + (a & 2)), which can
	 become a & 3.  */

      if (GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode) <= HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT
	  && (nonzero_bits (XEXP (x, 0), mode)
	      & nonzero_bits (XEXP (x, 1), mode)) == 0)
	return gen_binary (IOR, mode, XEXP (x, 0), XEXP (x, 1));
      break;

    case MINUS:
      /* If STORE_FLAG_VALUE is 1, (minus 1 (comparison foo bar)) can be done
	 by reversing the comparison code if valid.  */
      if (STORE_FLAG_VALUE == 1
	  && XEXP (x, 0) == const1_rtx
	  && GET_RTX_CLASS (GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 1))) == '<'
	  && reversible_comparison_p (XEXP (x, 1)))
	return gen_binary (reverse_condition (GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 1))),
			   mode, XEXP (XEXP (x, 1), 0),
				XEXP (XEXP (x, 1), 1));

      /* (minus <foo> (and <foo> (const_int -pow2))) becomes
	 (and <foo> (const_int pow2-1))  */
      if (GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 1)) == AND
	  && GET_CODE (XEXP (XEXP (x, 1), 1)) == CONST_INT
	  && exact_log2 (- INTVAL (XEXP (XEXP (x, 1), 1))) >= 0
	  && rtx_equal_p (XEXP (XEXP (x, 1), 0), XEXP (x, 0)))
	return simplify_and_const_int (NULL_RTX, mode, XEXP (x, 0),
				       - INTVAL (XEXP (XEXP (x, 1), 1)) - 1);

      /* Canonicalize (minus A (plus B C)) to (minus (minus A B) C) for
	 integers.  */
      if (GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 1)) == PLUS && INTEGRAL_MODE_P (mode))
	return gen_binary (MINUS, mode,
			   gen_binary (MINUS, mode, XEXP (x, 0),
				       XEXP (XEXP (x, 1), 0)),
			   XEXP (XEXP (x, 1), 1));
      break;

    case MULT:
      /* If we have (mult (plus A B) C), apply the distributive law and then
	 the inverse distributive law to see if things simplify.  This
	 occurs mostly in addresses, often when unrolling loops.  */

      if (GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 0)) == PLUS)
	{
	  x = apply_distributive_law
	    (gen_binary (PLUS, mode,
			 gen_binary (MULT, mode,
				     XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 0), XEXP (x, 1)),
			 gen_binary (MULT, mode,
				     XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 1),
				     copy_rtx (XEXP (x, 1)))));

	  if (GET_CODE (x) != MULT)
	    return x;
	}
      break;

    case UDIV:
      /* If this is a divide by a power of two, treat it as a shift if
	 its first operand is a shift.  */
      if (GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 1)) == CONST_INT
	  && (i = exact_log2 (INTVAL (XEXP (x, 1)))) >= 0
	  && (GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 0)) == ASHIFT
	      || GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 0)) == LSHIFTRT
	      || GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 0)) == ASHIFTRT
	      || GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 0)) == ROTATE
	      || GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 0)) == ROTATERT))
	return simplify_shift_const (NULL_RTX, LSHIFTRT, mode, XEXP (x, 0), i);
      break;

    case EQ:  case NE:
    case GT:  case GTU:  case GE:  case GEU:
    case LT:  case LTU:  case LE:  case LEU:
      /* If the first operand is a condition code, we can't do anything
	 with it.  */
      if (GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 0)) == COMPARE
	  || (GET_MODE_CLASS (GET_MODE (XEXP (x, 0))) != MODE_CC
#ifdef HAVE_cc0
	      && XEXP (x, 0) != cc0_rtx
#endif
	       ))
	{
	  rtx op0 = XEXP (x, 0);
	  rtx op1 = XEXP (x, 1);
	  enum rtx_code new_code;

	  if (GET_CODE (op0) == COMPARE)
	    op1 = XEXP (op0, 1), op0 = XEXP (op0, 0);

	  /* Simplify our comparison, if possible.  */
	  new_code = simplify_comparison (code, &op0, &op1);

	  /* If STORE_FLAG_VALUE is 1, we can convert (ne x 0) to simply X
	     if only the low-order bit is possibly nonzero in X (such as when
	     X is a ZERO_EXTRACT of one bit).  Similarly, we can convert EQ to
	     (xor X 1) or (minus 1 X); we use the former.  Finally, if X is
	     known to be either 0 or -1, NE becomes a NEG and EQ becomes
	     (plus X 1).

	     Remove any ZERO_EXTRACT we made when thinking this was a
	     comparison.  It may now be simpler to use, e.g., an AND.  If a
	     ZERO_EXTRACT is indeed appropriate, it will be placed back by
	     the call to make_compound_operation in the SET case.  */

	  if (STORE_FLAG_VALUE == 1
	      && new_code == NE && GET_MODE_CLASS (mode) == MODE_INT
	      && op1 == const0_rtx && nonzero_bits (op0, mode) == 1)
	    return gen_lowpart_for_combine (mode,
					    expand_compound_operation (op0));

	  else if (STORE_FLAG_VALUE == 1
		   && new_code == NE && GET_MODE_CLASS (mode) == MODE_INT
		   && op1 == const0_rtx
		   && (num_sign_bit_copies (op0, mode)
		       == GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode)))
	    {
	      op0 = expand_compound_operation (op0);
	      return gen_unary (NEG, mode, mode,
				gen_lowpart_for_combine (mode, op0));
	    }

	  else if (STORE_FLAG_VALUE == 1
		   && new_code == EQ && GET_MODE_CLASS (mode) == MODE_INT
		   && op1 == const0_rtx
		   && nonzero_bits (op0, mode) == 1)
	    {
	      op0 = expand_compound_operation (op0);
	      return gen_binary (XOR, mode,
				 gen_lowpart_for_combine (mode, op0),
				 const1_rtx);
	    }

	  else if (STORE_FLAG_VALUE == 1
		   && new_code == EQ && GET_MODE_CLASS (mode) == MODE_INT
		   && op1 == const0_rtx
		   && (num_sign_bit_copies (op0, mode)
		       == GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode)))
	    {
	      op0 = expand_compound_operation (op0);
	      return plus_constant (gen_lowpart_for_combine (mode, op0), 1);
	    }

	  /* If STORE_FLAG_VALUE is -1, we have cases similar to
	     those above.  */
	  if (STORE_FLAG_VALUE == -1
	      && new_code == NE && GET_MODE_CLASS (mode) == MODE_INT
	      && op1 == const0_rtx
	      && (num_sign_bit_copies (op0, mode)
		  == GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode)))
	    return gen_lowpart_for_combine (mode,
					    expand_compound_operation (op0));

	  else if (STORE_FLAG_VALUE == -1
		   && new_code == NE && GET_MODE_CLASS (mode) == MODE_INT
		   && op1 == const0_rtx
		   && nonzero_bits (op0, mode) == 1)
	    {
	      op0 = expand_compound_operation (op0);
	      return gen_unary (NEG, mode, mode,
				gen_lowpart_for_combine (mode, op0));
	    }

	  else if (STORE_FLAG_VALUE == -1
		   && new_code == EQ && GET_MODE_CLASS (mode) == MODE_INT
		   && op1 == const0_rtx
		   && (num_sign_bit_copies (op0, mode)
		       == GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode)))
	    {
	      op0 = expand_compound_operation (op0);
	      return gen_unary (NOT, mode, mode,
				gen_lowpart_for_combine (mode, op0));
	    }

	  /* If X is 0/1, (eq X 0) is X-1.  */
	  else if (STORE_FLAG_VALUE == -1
		   && new_code == EQ && GET_MODE_CLASS (mode) == MODE_INT
		   && op1 == const0_rtx
		   && nonzero_bits (op0, mode) == 1)
	    {
	      op0 = expand_compound_operation (op0);
	      return plus_constant (gen_lowpart_for_combine (mode, op0), -1);
	    }

	  /* If STORE_FLAG_VALUE says to just test the sign bit and X has just
	     one bit that might be nonzero, we can convert (ne x 0) to
	     (ashift x c) where C puts the bit in the sign bit.  Remove any
	     AND with STORE_FLAG_VALUE when we are done, since we are only
	     going to test the sign bit.  */
	  if (new_code == NE && GET_MODE_CLASS (mode) == MODE_INT
	      && GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode) <= HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT
	      && ((STORE_FLAG_VALUE & GET_MODE_MASK (mode))
		  == (unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT) 1 << (GET_MODE_BITSIZE(mode)-1))
	      && op1 == const0_rtx
	      && mode == GET_MODE (op0)
	      && (i = exact_log2 (nonzero_bits (op0, mode))) >= 0)
	    {
	      x = simplify_shift_const (NULL_RTX, ASHIFT, mode,
					expand_compound_operation (op0),
					GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode) - 1 - i);
	      if (GET_CODE (x) == AND && XEXP (x, 1) == const_true_rtx)
		return XEXP (x, 0);
	      else
		return x;
	    }

	  /* If the code changed, return a whole new comparison.  */
	  if (new_code != code)
	    return gen_rtx_combine (new_code, mode, op0, op1);

	  /* Otherwise, keep this operation, but maybe change its operands.  
	     This also converts (ne (compare FOO BAR) 0) to (ne FOO BAR).  */
	  SUBST (XEXP (x, 0), op0);
	  SUBST (XEXP (x, 1), op1);
	}
      break;
	  
    case IF_THEN_ELSE:
      return simplify_if_then_else (x);

    case ZERO_EXTRACT:
    case SIGN_EXTRACT:
    case ZERO_EXTEND:
    case SIGN_EXTEND:
      /* If we are processing SET_DEST, we are done.  */
      if (in_dest)
	return x;

      return expand_compound_operation (x);

    case SET:
      return simplify_set (x);

    case AND:
    case IOR:
    case XOR:
      return simplify_logical (x, last);

    case ABS:      
      /* (abs (neg <foo>)) -> (abs <foo>) */
      if (GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 0)) == NEG)
	SUBST (XEXP (x, 0), XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 0));

      /* If the mode of the operand is VOIDmode (i.e. if it is ASM_OPERANDS),
         do nothing.  */
      if (GET_MODE (XEXP (x, 0)) == VOIDmode)
	break;

      /* If operand is something known to be positive, ignore the ABS.  */
      if (GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 0)) == FFS || GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 0)) == ABS
	  || ((GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (XEXP (x, 0)))
	       <= HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT)
	      && ((nonzero_bits (XEXP (x, 0), GET_MODE (XEXP (x, 0)))
		   & ((HOST_WIDE_INT) 1
		      << (GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (XEXP (x, 0))) - 1)))
		  == 0)))
	return XEXP (x, 0);


      /* If operand is known to be only -1 or 0, convert ABS to NEG.  */
      if (num_sign_bit_copies (XEXP (x, 0), mode) == GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode))
	return gen_rtx_combine (NEG, mode, XEXP (x, 0));

      break;

    case FFS:
      /* (ffs (*_extend <X>)) = (ffs <X>) */
      if (GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 0)) == SIGN_EXTEND
	  || GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 0)) == ZERO_EXTEND)
	SUBST (XEXP (x, 0), XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 0));
      break;

    case FLOAT:
      /* (float (sign_extend <X>)) = (float <X>).  */
      if (GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 0)) == SIGN_EXTEND)
	SUBST (XEXP (x, 0), XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 0));
      break;

    case ASHIFT:
    case LSHIFTRT:
    case ASHIFTRT:
    case ROTATE:
    case ROTATERT:
      /* If this is a shift by a constant amount, simplify it.  */
      if (GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 1)) == CONST_INT)
	return simplify_shift_const (x, code, mode, XEXP (x, 0), 
				     INTVAL (XEXP (x, 1)));

#ifdef SHIFT_COUNT_TRUNCATED
      else if (SHIFT_COUNT_TRUNCATED && GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 1)) != REG)
	SUBST (XEXP (x, 1),
	       force_to_mode (XEXP (x, 1), GET_MODE (x),
			      ((HOST_WIDE_INT) 1 
			       << exact_log2 (GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (x))))
			      - 1,
			      NULL_RTX, 0));
#endif

      break;

    default:
      break;
    }

  return x;
}

/* Simplify X, an IF_THEN_ELSE expression.  Return the new expression.  */

static rtx
simplify_if_then_else (x)
     rtx x;
{
  enum machine_mode mode = GET_MODE (x);
  rtx cond = XEXP (x, 0);
  rtx true = XEXP (x, 1);
  rtx false = XEXP (x, 2);
  enum rtx_code true_code = GET_CODE (cond);
  int comparison_p = GET_RTX_CLASS (true_code) == '<';
  rtx temp;
  int i;

  /* Simplify storing of the truth value.  */
  if (comparison_p && true == const_true_rtx && false == const0_rtx)
    return gen_binary (true_code, mode, XEXP (cond, 0), XEXP (cond, 1));
      
  /* Also when the truth value has to be reversed.  */
  if (comparison_p && reversible_comparison_p (cond)
      && true == const0_rtx && false == const_true_rtx)
    return gen_binary (reverse_condition (true_code),
		       mode, XEXP (cond, 0), XEXP (cond, 1));

  /* Sometimes we can simplify the arm of an IF_THEN_ELSE if a register used
     in it is being compared against certain values.  Get the true and false
     comparisons and see if that says anything about the value of each arm.  */

  if (comparison_p && reversible_comparison_p (cond)
      && GET_CODE (XEXP (cond, 0)) == REG)
    {
      HOST_WIDE_INT nzb;
      rtx from = XEXP (cond, 0);
      enum rtx_code false_code = reverse_condition (true_code);
      rtx true_val = XEXP (cond, 1);
      rtx false_val = true_val;
      int swapped = 0;

      /* If FALSE_CODE is EQ, swap the codes and arms.  */

      if (false_code == EQ)
	{
	  swapped = 1, true_code = EQ, false_code = NE;
	  temp = true, true = false, false = temp;
	}

      /* If we are comparing against zero and the expression being tested has
	 only a single bit that might be nonzero, that is its value when it is
	 not equal to zero.  Similarly if it is known to be -1 or 0.  */

      if (true_code == EQ && true_val == const0_rtx
	  && exact_log2 (nzb = nonzero_bits (from, GET_MODE (from))) >= 0)
	false_code = EQ, false_val = GEN_INT (nzb);
      else if (true_code == EQ && true_val == const0_rtx
	       && (num_sign_bit_copies (from, GET_MODE (from))
		   == GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (from))))
	false_code = EQ, false_val = constm1_rtx;

      /* Now simplify an arm if we know the value of the register in the
	 branch and it is used in the arm.  Be careful due to the potential
	 of locally-shared RTL.  */

      if (reg_mentioned_p (from, true))
	true = subst (known_cond (copy_rtx (true), true_code, from, true_val),
		      pc_rtx, pc_rtx, 0, 0);
      if (reg_mentioned_p (from, false))
	false = subst (known_cond (copy_rtx (false), false_code,
				   from, false_val),
		       pc_rtx, pc_rtx, 0, 0);

      SUBST (XEXP (x, 1), swapped ? false : true);
      SUBST (XEXP (x, 2), swapped ? true : false);

      true = XEXP (x, 1), false = XEXP (x, 2), true_code = GET_CODE (cond);
    }

  /* If we have (if_then_else FOO (pc) (label_ref BAR)) and FOO can be
     reversed, do so to avoid needing two sets of patterns for
     subtract-and-branch insns.  Similarly if we have a constant in the true
     arm, the false arm is the same as the first operand of the comparison, or
     the false arm is more complicated than the true arm.  */

  if (comparison_p && reversible_comparison_p (cond)
      && (true == pc_rtx 
	  || (CONSTANT_P (true)
	      && GET_CODE (false) != CONST_INT && false != pc_rtx)
	  || true == const0_rtx
	  || (GET_RTX_CLASS (GET_CODE (true)) == 'o'
	      && GET_RTX_CLASS (GET_CODE (false)) != 'o')
	  || (GET_CODE (true) == SUBREG
	      && GET_RTX_CLASS (GET_CODE (SUBREG_REG (true))) == 'o'
	      && GET_RTX_CLASS (GET_CODE (false)) != 'o')
	  || reg_mentioned_p (true, false)
	  || rtx_equal_p (false, XEXP (cond, 0))))
    {
      true_code = reverse_condition (true_code);
      SUBST (XEXP (x, 0),
	     gen_binary (true_code, GET_MODE (cond), XEXP (cond, 0),
			 XEXP (cond, 1)));

      SUBST (XEXP (x, 1), false);
      SUBST (XEXP (x, 2), true);

      temp = true, true = false, false = temp, cond = XEXP (x, 0);

      /* It is possible that the conditional has been simplified out.  */
      true_code = GET_CODE (cond);
      comparison_p = GET_RTX_CLASS (true_code) == '<';
    }

  /* If the two arms are identical, we don't need the comparison.  */

  if (rtx_equal_p (true, false) && ! side_effects_p (cond))
    return true;

  /* Convert a == b ? b : a to "a".  */
  if (true_code == EQ && ! side_effects_p (cond)
      && rtx_equal_p (XEXP (cond, 0), false)
      && rtx_equal_p (XEXP (cond, 1), true))
    return false;
  else if (true_code == NE && ! side_effects_p (cond)
	   && rtx_equal_p (XEXP (cond, 0), true)
	   && rtx_equal_p (XEXP (cond, 1), false))
    return true;

  /* Look for cases where we have (abs x) or (neg (abs X)).  */

  if (GET_MODE_CLASS (mode) == MODE_INT
      && GET_CODE (false) == NEG
      && rtx_equal_p (true, XEXP (false, 0))
      && comparison_p
      && rtx_equal_p (true, XEXP (cond, 0))
      && ! side_effects_p (true))
    switch (true_code)
      {
      case GT:
      case GE:
	return gen_unary (ABS, mode, mode, true);
      case LT:
      case LE:
	return gen_unary (NEG, mode, mode, gen_unary (ABS, mode, mode, true));
    default:
      break;
      }

  /* Look for MIN or MAX.  */

  if ((! FLOAT_MODE_P (mode) || flag_fast_math)
      && comparison_p
      && rtx_equal_p (XEXP (cond, 0), true)
      && rtx_equal_p (XEXP (cond, 1), false)
      && ! side_effects_p (cond))
    switch (true_code)
      {
      case GE:
      case GT:
	return gen_binary (SMAX, mode, true, false);
      case LE:
      case LT:
	return gen_binary (SMIN, mode, true, false);
      case GEU:
      case GTU:
	return gen_binary (UMAX, mode, true, false);
      case LEU:
      case LTU:
	return gen_binary (UMIN, mode, true, false);
      default:
	break;
      }
  
  /* If we have (if_then_else COND (OP Z C1) Z) and OP is an identity when its
     second operand is zero, this can be done as (OP Z (mult COND C2)) where
     C2 = C1 * STORE_FLAG_VALUE. Similarly if OP has an outer ZERO_EXTEND or
     SIGN_EXTEND as long as Z is already extended (so we don't destroy it).
     We can do this kind of thing in some cases when STORE_FLAG_VALUE is
     neither 1 or -1, but it isn't worth checking for.  */

  if ((STORE_FLAG_VALUE == 1 || STORE_FLAG_VALUE == -1)
      && comparison_p && mode != VOIDmode && ! side_effects_p (x))
    {
      rtx t = make_compound_operation (true, SET);
      rtx f = make_compound_operation (false, SET);
      rtx cond_op0 = XEXP (cond, 0);
      rtx cond_op1 = XEXP (cond, 1);
      enum rtx_code op, extend_op = NIL;
      enum machine_mode m = mode;
      rtx z = 0, c1;

      if ((GET_CODE (t) == PLUS || GET_CODE (t) == MINUS
	   || GET_CODE (t) == IOR || GET_CODE (t) == XOR
	   || GET_CODE (t) == ASHIFT
	   || GET_CODE (t) == LSHIFTRT || GET_CODE (t) == ASHIFTRT)
	  && rtx_equal_p (XEXP (t, 0), f))
	c1 = XEXP (t, 1), op = GET_CODE (t), z = f;

      /* If an identity-zero op is commutative, check whether there
	 would be a match if we swapped the operands.  */
      else if ((GET_CODE (t) == PLUS || GET_CODE (t) == IOR
		|| GET_CODE (t) == XOR)
	       && rtx_equal_p (XEXP (t, 1), f))
	c1 = XEXP (t, 0), op = GET_CODE (t), z = f;
      else if (GET_CODE (t) == SIGN_EXTEND
	       && (GET_CODE (XEXP (t, 0)) == PLUS
		   || GET_CODE (XEXP (t, 0)) == MINUS
		   || GET_CODE (XEXP (t, 0)) == IOR
		   || GET_CODE (XEXP (t, 0)) == XOR
		   || GET_CODE (XEXP (t, 0)) == ASHIFT
		   || GET_CODE (XEXP (t, 0)) == LSHIFTRT
		   || GET_CODE (XEXP (t, 0)) == ASHIFTRT)
	       && GET_CODE (XEXP (XEXP (t, 0), 0)) == SUBREG
	       && subreg_lowpart_p (XEXP (XEXP (t, 0), 0))
	       && rtx_equal_p (SUBREG_REG (XEXP (XEXP (t, 0), 0)), f)
	       && (num_sign_bit_copies (f, GET_MODE (f))
		   > (GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode)
		      - GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (XEXP (XEXP (t, 0), 0))))))
	{
	  c1 = XEXP (XEXP (t, 0), 1); z = f; op = GET_CODE (XEXP (t, 0));
	  extend_op = SIGN_EXTEND;
	  m = GET_MODE (XEXP (t, 0));
	}
      else if (GET_CODE (t) == SIGN_EXTEND
	       && (GET_CODE (XEXP (t, 0)) == PLUS
		   || GET_CODE (XEXP (t, 0)) == IOR
		   || GET_CODE (XEXP (t, 0)) == XOR)
	       && GET_CODE (XEXP (XEXP (t, 0), 1)) == SUBREG
	       && subreg_lowpart_p (XEXP (XEXP (t, 0), 1))
	       && rtx_equal_p (SUBREG_REG (XEXP (XEXP (t, 0), 1)), f)
	       && (num_sign_bit_copies (f, GET_MODE (f))
		   > (GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode)
		      - GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (XEXP (XEXP (t, 0), 1))))))
	{
	  c1 = XEXP (XEXP (t, 0), 0); z = f; op = GET_CODE (XEXP (t, 0));
	  extend_op = SIGN_EXTEND;
	  m = GET_MODE (XEXP (t, 0));
	}
      else if (GET_CODE (t) == ZERO_EXTEND
	       && (GET_CODE (XEXP (t, 0)) == PLUS
		   || GET_CODE (XEXP (t, 0)) == MINUS
		   || GET_CODE (XEXP (t, 0)) == IOR
		   || GET_CODE (XEXP (t, 0)) == XOR
		   || GET_CODE (XEXP (t, 0)) == ASHIFT
		   || GET_CODE (XEXP (t, 0)) == LSHIFTRT
		   || GET_CODE (XEXP (t, 0)) == ASHIFTRT)
	       && GET_CODE (XEXP (XEXP (t, 0), 0)) == SUBREG
	       && GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode) <= HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT
	       && subreg_lowpart_p (XEXP (XEXP (t, 0), 0))
	       && rtx_equal_p (SUBREG_REG (XEXP (XEXP (t, 0), 0)), f)
	       && ((nonzero_bits (f, GET_MODE (f))
		    & ~ GET_MODE_MASK (GET_MODE (XEXP (XEXP (t, 0), 0))))
		   == 0))
	{
	  c1 = XEXP (XEXP (t, 0), 1); z = f; op = GET_CODE (XEXP (t, 0));
	  extend_op = ZERO_EXTEND;
	  m = GET_MODE (XEXP (t, 0));
	}
      else if (GET_CODE (t) == ZERO_EXTEND
	       && (GET_CODE (XEXP (t, 0)) == PLUS
		   || GET_CODE (XEXP (t, 0)) == IOR
		   || GET_CODE (XEXP (t, 0)) == XOR)
	       && GET_CODE (XEXP (XEXP (t, 0), 1)) == SUBREG
	       && GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode) <= HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT
	       && subreg_lowpart_p (XEXP (XEXP (t, 0), 1))
	       && rtx_equal_p (SUBREG_REG (XEXP (XEXP (t, 0), 1)), f)
	       && ((nonzero_bits (f, GET_MODE (f))
		    & ~ GET_MODE_MASK (GET_MODE (XEXP (XEXP (t, 0), 1))))
		   == 0))
	{
	  c1 = XEXP (XEXP (t, 0), 0); z = f; op = GET_CODE (XEXP (t, 0));
	  extend_op = ZERO_EXTEND;
	  m = GET_MODE (XEXP (t, 0));
	}
      
      if (z)
	{
	  temp = subst (gen_binary (true_code, m, cond_op0, cond_op1),
			pc_rtx, pc_rtx, 0, 0);
	  temp = gen_binary (MULT, m, temp,
			     gen_binary (MULT, m, c1, const_true_rtx));
	  temp = subst (temp, pc_rtx, pc_rtx, 0, 0);
	  temp = gen_binary (op, m, gen_lowpart_for_combine (m, z), temp);

	  if (extend_op != NIL)
	    temp = gen_unary (extend_op, mode, m, temp);

	  return temp;
	}
    }

  /* If we have (if_then_else (ne A 0) C1 0) and either A is known to be 0 or
     1 and C1 is a single bit or A is known to be 0 or -1 and C1 is the
     negation of a single bit, we can convert this operation to a shift.  We
     can actually do this more generally, but it doesn't seem worth it.  */

  if (true_code == NE && XEXP (cond, 1) == const0_rtx
      && false == const0_rtx && GET_CODE (true) == CONST_INT
      && ((1 == nonzero_bits (XEXP (cond, 0), mode)
	   && (i = exact_log2 (INTVAL (true))) >= 0)
	  || ((num_sign_bit_copies (XEXP (cond, 0), mode)
	       == GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode))
	      && (i = exact_log2 (- INTVAL (true))) >= 0)))
    return
      simplify_shift_const (NULL_RTX, ASHIFT, mode,
			    gen_lowpart_for_combine (mode, XEXP (cond, 0)), i);

  return x;
}

/* Simplify X, a SET expression.  Return the new expression.  */

static rtx
simplify_set (x)
     rtx x;
{
  rtx src = SET_SRC (x);
  rtx dest = SET_DEST (x);
  enum machine_mode mode
    = GET_MODE (src) != VOIDmode ? GET_MODE (src) : GET_MODE (dest);
  rtx other_insn;
  rtx *cc_use;

  /* (set (pc) (return)) gets written as (return).  */
  if (GET_CODE (dest) == PC && GET_CODE (src) == RETURN)
    return src;

  /* Now that we know for sure which bits of SRC we are using, see if we can
     simplify the expression for the object knowing that we only need the
     low-order bits.  */

  if (GET_MODE_CLASS (mode) == MODE_INT)
    src = force_to_mode (src, mode, GET_MODE_MASK (mode), NULL_RTX, 0);

  /* If we are setting CC0 or if the source is a COMPARE, look for the use of
     the comparison result and try to simplify it unless we already have used
     undobuf.other_insn.  */
  if ((GET_CODE (src) == COMPARE
#ifdef HAVE_cc0
       || dest == cc0_rtx
#endif
       )
      && (cc_use = find_single_use (dest, subst_insn, &other_insn)) != 0
      && (undobuf.other_insn == 0 || other_insn == undobuf.other_insn)
      && GET_RTX_CLASS (GET_CODE (*cc_use)) == '<'
      && rtx_equal_p (XEXP (*cc_use, 0), dest))
    {
      enum rtx_code old_code = GET_CODE (*cc_use);
      enum rtx_code new_code;
      rtx op0, op1;
      int other_changed = 0;
      enum machine_mode compare_mode = GET_MODE (dest);

      if (GET_CODE (src) == COMPARE)
	op0 = XEXP (src, 0), op1 = XEXP (src, 1);
      else
	op0 = src, op1 = const0_rtx;

      /* Simplify our comparison, if possible.  */
      new_code = simplify_comparison (old_code, &op0, &op1);

#ifdef EXTRA_CC_MODES
      /* If this machine has CC modes other than CCmode, check to see if we
	 need to use a different CC mode here.  */
      compare_mode = SELECT_CC_MODE (new_code, op0, op1);
#endif /* EXTRA_CC_MODES */

#if !defined (HAVE_cc0) && defined (EXTRA_CC_MODES)
      /* If the mode changed, we have to change SET_DEST, the mode in the
	 compare, and the mode in the place SET_DEST is used.  If SET_DEST is
	 a hard register, just build new versions with the proper mode.  If it
	 is a pseudo, we lose unless it is only time we set the pseudo, in
	 which case we can safely change its mode.  */
      if (compare_mode != GET_MODE (dest))
	{
	  int regno = REGNO (dest);
	  rtx new_dest = gen_rtx_REG (compare_mode, regno);

	  if (regno < FIRST_PSEUDO_REGISTER
	      || (REG_N_SETS (regno) == 1 && ! REG_USERVAR_P (dest)))
	    {
	      if (regno >= FIRST_PSEUDO_REGISTER)
		SUBST (regno_reg_rtx[regno], new_dest);

	      SUBST (SET_DEST (x), new_dest);
	      SUBST (XEXP (*cc_use, 0), new_dest);
	      other_changed = 1;

	      dest = new_dest;
	    }
	}
#endif

      /* If the code changed, we have to build a new comparison in
	 undobuf.other_insn.  */
      if (new_code != old_code)
	{
	  unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT mask;

	  SUBST (*cc_use, gen_rtx_combine (new_code, GET_MODE (*cc_use),
					   dest, const0_rtx));

	  /* If the only change we made was to change an EQ into an NE or
	     vice versa, OP0 has only one bit that might be nonzero, and OP1
	     is zero, check if changing the user of the condition code will
	     produce a valid insn.  If it won't, we can keep the original code
	     in that insn by surrounding our operation with an XOR.  */

	  if (((old_code == NE && new_code == EQ)
	       || (old_code == EQ && new_code == NE))
	      && ! other_changed && op1 == const0_rtx
	      && GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (op0)) <= HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT
	      && exact_log2 (mask = nonzero_bits (op0, GET_MODE (op0))) >= 0)
	    {
	      rtx pat = PATTERN (other_insn), note = 0;

	      if ((recog_for_combine (&pat, other_insn, &note) < 0
		   && ! check_asm_operands (pat)))
		{
		  PUT_CODE (*cc_use, old_code);
		  other_insn = 0;

		  op0 = gen_binary (XOR, GET_MODE (op0), op0, GEN_INT (mask));
		}
	    }

	  other_changed = 1;
	}

      if (other_changed)
	undobuf.other_insn = other_insn;

#ifdef HAVE_cc0
      /* If we are now comparing against zero, change our source if
	 needed.  If we do not use cc0, we always have a COMPARE.  */
      if (op1 == const0_rtx && dest == cc0_rtx)
	{
	  SUBST (SET_SRC (x), op0);
	  src = op0;
	}
      else
#endif

      /* Otherwise, if we didn't previously have a COMPARE in the
	 correct mode, we need one.  */
      if (GET_CODE (src) != COMPARE || GET_MODE (src) != compare_mode)
	{
	  SUBST (SET_SRC (x),
		 gen_rtx_combine (COMPARE, compare_mode, op0, op1));
	  src = SET_SRC (x);
	}
      else
	{
	  /* Otherwise, update the COMPARE if needed.  */
	  SUBST (XEXP (src, 0), op0);
	  SUBST (XEXP (src, 1), op1);
	}
    }
  else
    {
      /* Get SET_SRC in a form where we have placed back any
	 compound expressions.  Then do the checks below.  */
      src = make_compound_operation (src, SET);
      SUBST (SET_SRC (x), src);
    }

  /* If we have (set x (subreg:m1 (op:m2 ...) 0)) with OP being some operation,
     and X being a REG or (subreg (reg)), we may be able to convert this to
     (set (subreg:m2 x) (op)). 

     We can always do this if M1 is narrower than M2 because that means that
     we only care about the low bits of the result.

     However, on machines without WORD_REGISTER_OPERATIONS defined, we cannot
     perform a narrower operation than requested since the high-order bits will
     be undefined.  On machine where it is defined, this transformation is safe
     as long as M1 and M2 have the same number of words.  */
 
  if (GET_CODE (src) == SUBREG && subreg_lowpart_p (src)
      && GET_RTX_CLASS (GET_CODE (SUBREG_REG (src))) != 'o'
      && (((GET_MODE_SIZE (GET_MODE (src)) + (UNITS_PER_WORD - 1))
	   / UNITS_PER_WORD)
	  == ((GET_MODE_SIZE (GET_MODE (SUBREG_REG (src)))
	       + (UNITS_PER_WORD - 1)) / UNITS_PER_WORD))
#ifndef WORD_REGISTER_OPERATIONS
      && (GET_MODE_SIZE (GET_MODE (src))
	  < GET_MODE_SIZE (GET_MODE (SUBREG_REG (src))))
#endif
#ifdef CLASS_CANNOT_CHANGE_SIZE
      && ! (GET_CODE (dest) == REG && REGNO (dest) < FIRST_PSEUDO_REGISTER
	    && (TEST_HARD_REG_BIT
		(reg_class_contents[(int) CLASS_CANNOT_CHANGE_SIZE],
		 REGNO (dest)))
	    && (GET_MODE_SIZE (GET_MODE (src))
		!= GET_MODE_SIZE (GET_MODE (SUBREG_REG (src)))))
#endif				  
      && (GET_CODE (dest) == REG
	  || (GET_CODE (dest) == SUBREG
	      && GET_CODE (SUBREG_REG (dest)) == REG)))
    {
      SUBST (SET_DEST (x),
	     gen_lowpart_for_combine (GET_MODE (SUBREG_REG (src)),
				      dest));
      SUBST (SET_SRC (x), SUBREG_REG (src));

      src = SET_SRC (x), dest = SET_DEST (x);
    }

#ifdef LOAD_EXTEND_OP
  /* If we have (set FOO (subreg:M (mem:N BAR) 0)) with M wider than N, this
     would require a paradoxical subreg.  Replace the subreg with a
     zero_extend to avoid the reload that would otherwise be required.  */

  if (GET_CODE (src) == SUBREG && subreg_lowpart_p (src)
      && LOAD_EXTEND_OP (GET_MODE (SUBREG_REG (src))) != NIL
      && SUBREG_WORD (src) == 0
      && (GET_MODE_SIZE (GET_MODE (src))
	  > GET_MODE_SIZE (GET_MODE (SUBREG_REG (src))))
      && GET_CODE (SUBREG_REG (src)) == MEM)
    {
      SUBST (SET_SRC (x),
	     gen_rtx_combine (LOAD_EXTEND_OP (GET_MODE (SUBREG_REG (src))),
			      GET_MODE (src), XEXP (src, 0)));

      src = SET_SRC (x);
    }
#endif

  /* If we don't have a conditional move, SET_SRC is an IF_THEN_ELSE, and we
     are comparing an item known to be 0 or -1 against 0, use a logical
     operation instead. Check for one of the arms being an IOR of the other
     arm with some value.  We compute three terms to be IOR'ed together.  In
     practice, at most two will be nonzero.  Then we do the IOR's.  */

  if (GET_CODE (dest) != PC
      && GET_CODE (src) == IF_THEN_ELSE
      && GET_MODE_CLASS (GET_MODE (src)) == MODE_INT
      && (GET_CODE (XEXP (src, 0)) == EQ || GET_CODE (XEXP (src, 0)) == NE)
      && XEXP (XEXP (src, 0), 1) == const0_rtx
      && GET_MODE (src) == GET_MODE (XEXP (XEXP (src, 0), 0))
#ifdef HAVE_conditional_move
      && ! can_conditionally_move_p (GET_MODE (src))
#endif
      && (num_sign_bit_copies (XEXP (XEXP (src, 0), 0),
			       GET_MODE (XEXP (XEXP (src, 0), 0)))
	  == GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (XEXP (XEXP (src, 0), 0))))
      && ! side_effects_p (src))
    {
      rtx true = (GET_CODE (XEXP (src, 0)) == NE
		      ? XEXP (src, 1) : XEXP (src, 2));
      rtx false = (GET_CODE (XEXP (src, 0)) == NE
		   ? XEXP (src, 2) : XEXP (src, 1));
      rtx term1 = const0_rtx, term2, term3;

      if (GET_CODE (true) == IOR && rtx_equal_p (XEXP (true, 0), false))
	term1 = false, true = XEXP (true, 1), false = const0_rtx;
      else if (GET_CODE (true) == IOR
	       && rtx_equal_p (XEXP (true, 1), false))
	term1 = false, true = XEXP (true, 0), false = const0_rtx;
      else if (GET_CODE (false) == IOR
	       && rtx_equal_p (XEXP (false, 0), true))
	term1 = true, false = XEXP (false, 1), true = const0_rtx;
      else if (GET_CODE (false) == IOR
	       && rtx_equal_p (XEXP (false, 1), true))
	term1 = true, false = XEXP (false, 0), true = const0_rtx;

      term2 = gen_binary (AND, GET_MODE (src), XEXP (XEXP (src, 0), 0), true);
      term3 = gen_binary (AND, GET_MODE (src),
			  gen_unary (NOT, GET_MODE (src), GET_MODE (src),
				     XEXP (XEXP (src, 0), 0)),
			  false);

      SUBST (SET_SRC (x),
	     gen_binary (IOR, GET_MODE (src),
			 gen_binary (IOR, GET_MODE (src), term1, term2),
			 term3));

      src = SET_SRC (x);
    }

  /* If either SRC or DEST is a CLOBBER of (const_int 0), make this
     whole thing fail.  */
  if (GET_CODE (src) == CLOBBER && XEXP (src, 0) == const0_rtx)
    return src;
  else if (GET_CODE (dest) == CLOBBER && XEXP (dest, 0) == const0_rtx)
    return dest;
  else
    /* Convert this into a field assignment operation, if possible.  */
    return make_field_assignment (x);
}

/* Simplify, X, and AND, IOR, or XOR operation, and return the simplified
   result.  LAST is nonzero if this is the last retry.  */

static rtx
simplify_logical (x, last)
     rtx x;
     int last;
{
  enum machine_mode mode = GET_MODE (x);
  rtx op0 = XEXP (x, 0);
  rtx op1 = XEXP (x, 1);

  switch (GET_CODE (x))
    {
    case AND:
      /* Convert (A ^ B) & A to A & (~ B) since the latter is often a single
	 insn (and may simplify more).  */
      if (GET_CODE (op0) == XOR
	  && rtx_equal_p (XEXP (op0, 0), op1)
	  && ! side_effects_p (op1))
	x = gen_binary (AND, mode,
			gen_unary (NOT, mode, mode, XEXP (op0, 1)), op1);

      if (GET_CODE (op0) == XOR
	  && rtx_equal_p (XEXP (op0, 1), op1)
	  && ! side_effects_p (op1))
	x = gen_binary (AND, mode,
			gen_unary (NOT, mode, mode, XEXP (op0, 0)), op1);

      /* Similarly for (~ (A ^ B)) & A.  */
      if (GET_CODE (op0) == NOT
	  && GET_CODE (XEXP (op0, 0)) == XOR
	  && rtx_equal_p (XEXP (XEXP (op0, 0), 0), op1)
	  && ! side_effects_p (op1))
	x = gen_binary (AND, mode, XEXP (XEXP (op0, 0), 1), op1);

      if (GET_CODE (op0) == NOT
	  && GET_CODE (XEXP (op0, 0)) == XOR
	  && rtx_equal_p (XEXP (XEXP (op0, 0), 1), op1)
	  && ! side_effects_p (op1))
	x = gen_binary (AND, mode, XEXP (XEXP (op0, 0), 0), op1);

      if (GET_CODE (op1) == CONST_INT)
	{
	  x = simplify_and_const_int (x, mode, op0, INTVAL (op1));

	  /* If we have (ior (and (X C1) C2)) and the next restart would be
	     the last, simplify this by making C1 as small as possible
	     and then exit.  */
	  if (last
	      && GET_CODE (x) == IOR && GET_CODE (op0) == AND
	      && GET_CODE (XEXP (op0, 1)) == CONST_INT
	      && GET_CODE (op1) == CONST_INT)
	    return gen_binary (IOR, mode,
			       gen_binary (AND, mode, XEXP (op0, 0),
					   GEN_INT (INTVAL (XEXP (op0, 1))
						    & ~ INTVAL (op1))), op1);

	  if (GET_CODE (x) != AND)
	    return x;

	  if (GET_RTX_CLASS (GET_CODE (x)) == 'c' 
	      || GET_RTX_CLASS (GET_CODE (x)) == '2')
	    op0 = XEXP (x, 0), op1 = XEXP (x, 1);
	}

      /* Convert (A | B) & A to A.  */
      if (GET_CODE (op0) == IOR
	  && (rtx_equal_p (XEXP (op0, 0), op1)
	      || rtx_equal_p (XEXP (op0, 1), op1))
	  && ! side_effects_p (XEXP (op0, 0))
	  && ! side_effects_p (XEXP (op0, 1)))
	return op1;

      /* In the following group of tests (and those in case IOR below),
	 we start with some combination of logical operations and apply
	 the distributive law followed by the inverse distributive law.
	 Most of the time, this results in no change.  However, if some of
	 the operands are the same or inverses of each other, simplifications
	 will result.

	 For example, (and (ior A B) (not B)) can occur as the result of
	 expanding a bit field assignment.  When we apply the distributive
	 law to this, we get (ior (and (A (not B))) (and (B (not B)))),
	 which then simplifies to (and (A (not B))). 

	 If we have (and (ior A B) C), apply the distributive law and then
	 the inverse distributive law to see if things simplify.  */

      if (GET_CODE (op0) == IOR || GET_CODE (op0) == XOR)
	{
	  x = apply_distributive_law
	    (gen_binary (GET_CODE (op0), mode,
			 gen_binary (AND, mode, XEXP (op0, 0), op1),
			 gen_binary (AND, mode, XEXP (op0, 1),
				     copy_rtx (op1))));
	  if (GET_CODE (x) != AND)
	    return x;
	}

      if (GET_CODE (op1) == IOR || GET_CODE (op1) == XOR)
	return apply_distributive_law
	  (gen_binary (GET_CODE (op1), mode,
		       gen_binary (AND, mode, XEXP (op1, 0), op0),
		       gen_binary (AND, mode, XEXP (op1, 1),
				   copy_rtx (op0))));

      /* Similarly, taking advantage of the fact that
	 (and (not A) (xor B C)) == (xor (ior A B) (ior A C))  */

      if (GET_CODE (op0) == NOT && GET_CODE (op1) == XOR)
	return apply_distributive_law
	  (gen_binary (XOR, mode,
		       gen_binary (IOR, mode, XEXP (op0, 0), XEXP (op1, 0)),
		       gen_binary (IOR, mode, copy_rtx (XEXP (op0, 0)),
				   XEXP (op1, 1))));
							    
      else if (GET_CODE (op1) == NOT && GET_CODE (op0) == XOR)
	return apply_distributive_law
	  (gen_binary (XOR, mode,
		       gen_binary (IOR, mode, XEXP (op1, 0), XEXP (op0, 0)),
		       gen_binary (IOR, mode, copy_rtx (XEXP (op1, 0)), XEXP (op0, 1))));
      break;

    case IOR:
      /* (ior A C) is C if all bits of A that might be nonzero are on in C.  */
      if (GET_CODE (op1) == CONST_INT
	  && GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode) <= HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT
	  && (nonzero_bits (op0, mode) & ~ INTVAL (op1)) == 0)
	return op1;

      /* Convert (A & B) | A to A.  */
      if (GET_CODE (op0) == AND
	  && (rtx_equal_p (XEXP (op0, 0), op1)
	      || rtx_equal_p (XEXP (op0, 1), op1))
	  && ! side_effects_p (XEXP (op0, 0))
	  && ! side_effects_p (XEXP (op0, 1)))
	return op1;

      /* If we have (ior (and A B) C), apply the distributive law and then
	 the inverse distributive law to see if things simplify.  */

      if (GET_CODE (op0) == AND)
	{
	  x = apply_distributive_law
	    (gen_binary (AND, mode,
			 gen_binary (IOR, mode, XEXP (op0, 0), op1),
			 gen_binary (IOR, mode, XEXP (op0, 1),
				     copy_rtx (op1))));

	  if (GET_CODE (x) != IOR)
	    return x;
	}

      if (GET_CODE (op1) == AND)
	{
	  x = apply_distributive_law
	    (gen_binary (AND, mode,
			 gen_binary (IOR, mode, XEXP (op1, 0), op0),
			 gen_binary (IOR, mode, XEXP (op1, 1),
				     copy_rtx (op0))));

	  if (GET_CODE (x) != IOR)
	    return x;
	}

      /* Convert (ior (ashift A CX) (lshiftrt A CY)) where CX+CY equals the
	 mode size to (rotate A CX).  */

      if (((GET_CODE (op0) == ASHIFT && GET_CODE (op1) == LSHIFTRT)
	   || (GET_CODE (op1) == ASHIFT && GET_CODE (op0) == LSHIFTRT))
	  && rtx_equal_p (XEXP (op0, 0), XEXP (op1, 0))
	  && GET_CODE (XEXP (op0, 1)) == CONST_INT
	  && GET_CODE (XEXP (op1, 1)) == CONST_INT
	  && (INTVAL (XEXP (op0, 1)) + INTVAL (XEXP (op1, 1))
	      == GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode)))
	return gen_rtx_ROTATE (mode, XEXP (op0, 0),
			       (GET_CODE (op0) == ASHIFT
				? XEXP (op0, 1) : XEXP (op1, 1)));

      /* If OP0 is (ashiftrt (plus ...) C), it might actually be
	 a (sign_extend (plus ...)).  If so, OP1 is a CONST_INT, and the PLUS
	 does not affect any of the bits in OP1, it can really be done
	 as a PLUS and we can associate.  We do this by seeing if OP1
	 can be safely shifted left C bits.  */
      if (GET_CODE (op1) == CONST_INT && GET_CODE (op0) == ASHIFTRT
	  && GET_CODE (XEXP (op0, 0)) == PLUS
	  && GET_CODE (XEXP (XEXP (op0, 0), 1)) == CONST_INT
	  && GET_CODE (XEXP (op0, 1)) == CONST_INT
	  && INTVAL (XEXP (op0, 1)) < HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT)
	{
	  int count = INTVAL (XEXP (op0, 1));
	  HOST_WIDE_INT mask = INTVAL (op1) << count;

	  if (mask >> count == INTVAL (op1)
	      && (mask & nonzero_bits (XEXP (op0, 0), mode)) == 0)
	    {
	      SUBST (XEXP (XEXP (op0, 0), 1),
		     GEN_INT (INTVAL (XEXP (XEXP (op0, 0), 1)) | mask));
	      return op0;
	    }
	}
      break;

    case XOR:
      /* Convert (XOR (NOT x) (NOT y)) to (XOR x y).
	 Also convert (XOR (NOT x) y) to (NOT (XOR x y)), similarly for
	 (NOT y).  */
      {
	int num_negated = 0;

	if (GET_CODE (op0) == NOT)
	  num_negated++, op0 = XEXP (op0, 0);
	if (GET_CODE (op1) == NOT)
	  num_negated++, op1 = XEXP (op1, 0);

	if (num_negated == 2)
	  {
	    SUBST (XEXP (x, 0), op0);
	    SUBST (XEXP (x, 1), op1);
	  }
	else if (num_negated == 1)
	  return gen_unary (NOT, mode, mode, gen_binary (XOR, mode, op0, op1));
      }

      /* Convert (xor (and A B) B) to (and (not A) B).  The latter may
	 correspond to a machine insn or result in further simplifications
	 if B is a constant.  */

      if (GET_CODE (op0) == AND
	  && rtx_equal_p (XEXP (op0, 1), op1)
	  && ! side_effects_p (op1))
	return gen_binary (AND, mode,
			   gen_unary (NOT, mode, mode, XEXP (op0, 0)),
			   op1);

      else if (GET_CODE (op0) == AND
	       && rtx_equal_p (XEXP (op0, 0), op1)
	       && ! side_effects_p (op1))
	return gen_binary (AND, mode,
			   gen_unary (NOT, mode, mode, XEXP (op0, 1)),
			   op1);

      /* (xor (comparison foo bar) (const_int 1)) can become the reversed
	 comparison if STORE_FLAG_VALUE is 1.  */
      if (STORE_FLAG_VALUE == 1
	  && op1 == const1_rtx
	  && GET_RTX_CLASS (GET_CODE (op0)) == '<'
	  && reversible_comparison_p (op0))
	return gen_rtx_combine (reverse_condition (GET_CODE (op0)),
				mode, XEXP (op0, 0), XEXP (op0, 1));

      /* (lshiftrt foo C) where C is the number of bits in FOO minus 1
	 is (lt foo (const_int 0)), so we can perform the above
	 simplification if STORE_FLAG_VALUE is 1.  */

      if (STORE_FLAG_VALUE == 1
	  && op1 == const1_rtx
	  && GET_CODE (op0) == LSHIFTRT
	  && GET_CODE (XEXP (op0, 1)) == CONST_INT
	  && INTVAL (XEXP (op0, 1)) == GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode) - 1)
	return gen_rtx_combine (GE, mode, XEXP (op0, 0), const0_rtx);

      /* (xor (comparison foo bar) (const_int sign-bit))
	 when STORE_FLAG_VALUE is the sign bit.  */
      if (GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode) <= HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT
	  && ((STORE_FLAG_VALUE & GET_MODE_MASK (mode))
	      == (unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT) 1 << (GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode) - 1))
	  && op1 == const_true_rtx
	  && GET_RTX_CLASS (GET_CODE (op0)) == '<'
	  && reversible_comparison_p (op0))
	return gen_rtx_combine (reverse_condition (GET_CODE (op0)),
				mode, XEXP (op0, 0), XEXP (op0, 1));
      break;

    default:
      abort ();
    }

  return x;
}

/* We consider ZERO_EXTRACT, SIGN_EXTRACT, and SIGN_EXTEND as "compound
   operations" because they can be replaced with two more basic operations.
   ZERO_EXTEND is also considered "compound" because it can be replaced with
   an AND operation, which is simpler, though only one operation.

   The function expand_compound_operation is called with an rtx expression
   and will convert it to the appropriate shifts and AND operations, 
   simplifying at each stage.

   The function make_compound_operation is called to convert an expression
   consisting of shifts and ANDs into the equivalent compound expression.
   It is the inverse of this function, loosely speaking.  */

static rtx
expand_compound_operation (x)
     rtx x;
{
  int pos = 0, len;
  int unsignedp = 0;
  int modewidth;
  rtx tem;

  switch (GET_CODE (x))
    {
    case ZERO_EXTEND:
      unsignedp = 1;
    case SIGN_EXTEND:
      /* We can't necessarily use a const_int for a multiword mode;
	 it depends on implicitly extending the value.
	 Since we don't know the right way to extend it,
	 we can't tell whether the implicit way is right.

	 Even for a mode that is no wider than a const_int,
	 we can't win, because we need to sign extend one of its bits through
	 the rest of it, and we don't know which bit.  */
      if (GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 0)) == CONST_INT)
	return x;

      /* Return if (subreg:MODE FROM 0) is not a safe replacement for
	 (zero_extend:MODE FROM) or (sign_extend:MODE FROM).  It is for any MEM
	 because (SUBREG (MEM...)) is guaranteed to cause the MEM to be
	 reloaded. If not for that, MEM's would very rarely be safe.

	 Reject MODEs bigger than a word, because we might not be able
	 to reference a two-register group starting with an arbitrary register
	 (and currently gen_lowpart might crash for a SUBREG).  */
  
      if (GET_MODE_SIZE (GET_MODE (XEXP (x, 0))) > UNITS_PER_WORD)
	return x;

      len = GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (XEXP (x, 0)));
      /* If the inner object has VOIDmode (the only way this can happen
	 is if it is a ASM_OPERANDS), we can't do anything since we don't
	 know how much masking to do.  */
      if (len == 0)
	return x;

      break;

    case ZERO_EXTRACT:
      unsignedp = 1;
    case SIGN_EXTRACT:
      /* If the operand is a CLOBBER, just return it.  */
      if (GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 0)) == CLOBBER)
	return XEXP (x, 0);

      if (GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 1)) != CONST_INT
	  || GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 2)) != CONST_INT
	  || GET_MODE (XEXP (x, 0)) == VOIDmode)
	return x;

      len = INTVAL (XEXP (x, 1));
      pos = INTVAL (XEXP (x, 2));

      /* If this goes outside the object being extracted, replace the object
	 with a (use (mem ...)) construct that only combine understands
	 and is used only for this purpose.  */
      if (len + pos > GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (XEXP (x, 0))))
	SUBST (XEXP (x, 0), gen_rtx_USE (GET_MODE (x), XEXP (x, 0)));

      if (BITS_BIG_ENDIAN)
	pos = GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (XEXP (x, 0))) - len - pos;

      break;

    default:
      return x;
    }

  /* We can optimize some special cases of ZERO_EXTEND.  */
  if (GET_CODE (x) == ZERO_EXTEND)
    {
      /* (zero_extend:DI (truncate:SI foo:DI)) is just foo:DI if we
         know that the last value didn't have any inappropriate bits
         set.  */
      if (GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 0)) == TRUNCATE
	  && GET_MODE (XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 0)) == GET_MODE (x)
	  && GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (x)) <= HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT
	  && (nonzero_bits (XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 0), GET_MODE (x))
	      & ~ GET_MODE_MASK (GET_MODE (XEXP (x, 0)))) == 0)
	return XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 0);

      /* Likewise for (zero_extend:DI (subreg:SI foo:DI 0)).  */
      if (GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 0)) == SUBREG
	  && GET_MODE (SUBREG_REG (XEXP (x, 0))) == GET_MODE (x)
	  && subreg_lowpart_p (XEXP (x, 0))
	  && GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (x)) <= HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT
	  && (nonzero_bits (SUBREG_REG (XEXP (x, 0)), GET_MODE (x))
	      & ~ GET_MODE_MASK (GET_MODE (XEXP (x, 0)))) == 0)
	return SUBREG_REG (XEXP (x, 0));

      /* (zero_extend:DI (truncate:SI foo:DI)) is just foo:DI when foo
         is a comparison and STORE_FLAG_VALUE permits.  This is like
         the first case, but it works even when GET_MODE (x) is larger
         than HOST_WIDE_INT.  */
      if (GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 0)) == TRUNCATE
	  && GET_MODE (XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 0)) == GET_MODE (x)
	  && GET_RTX_CLASS (GET_CODE (XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 0))) == '<'
	  && (GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (XEXP (x, 0)))
	      <= HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT)
 	  && ((HOST_WIDE_INT) STORE_FLAG_VALUE
	      & ~ GET_MODE_MASK (GET_MODE (XEXP (x, 0)))) == 0)
	return XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 0);

      /* Likewise for (zero_extend:DI (subreg:SI foo:DI 0)).  */
      if (GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 0)) == SUBREG
	  && GET_MODE (SUBREG_REG (XEXP (x, 0))) == GET_MODE (x)
	  && subreg_lowpart_p (XEXP (x, 0))
	  && GET_RTX_CLASS (GET_CODE (SUBREG_REG (XEXP (x, 0)))) == '<'
	  && (GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (XEXP (x, 0)))
	      <= HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT)
	  && ((HOST_WIDE_INT) STORE_FLAG_VALUE
	      & ~ GET_MODE_MASK (GET_MODE (XEXP (x, 0)))) == 0)
	return SUBREG_REG (XEXP (x, 0));

      /* If sign extension is cheaper than zero extension, then use it
	 if we know that no extraneous bits are set, and that the high
	 bit is not set.  */
      if (flag_expensive_optimizations
	  && ((GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (x)) <= HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT
	       && ((nonzero_bits (XEXP (x, 0), GET_MODE (x))
		    & ~ (((unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT)
			  GET_MODE_MASK (GET_MODE (XEXP (x, 0))))
			 >> 1))
		   == 0))
	      || (GET_RTX_CLASS (GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 0))) == '<'
		  && (GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (XEXP (x, 0)))
		      <= HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT)
		  && (((HOST_WIDE_INT) STORE_FLAG_VALUE
		       & ~ (((unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT)
			     GET_MODE_MASK (GET_MODE (XEXP (x, 0))))
			    >> 1))
		      == 0))))
	{
	  rtx temp = gen_rtx_SIGN_EXTEND (GET_MODE (x), XEXP (x, 0));

	  if (rtx_cost (temp, SET) < rtx_cost (x, SET))
	    return expand_compound_operation (temp);
	}
    }

  /* If we reach here, we want to return a pair of shifts.  The inner
     shift is a left shift of BITSIZE - POS - LEN bits.  The outer
     shift is a right shift of BITSIZE - LEN bits.  It is arithmetic or
     logical depending on the value of UNSIGNEDP.

     If this was a ZERO_EXTEND or ZERO_EXTRACT, this pair of shifts will be
     converted into an AND of a shift.

     We must check for the case where the left shift would have a negative
     count.  This can happen in a case like (x >> 31) & 255 on machines
     that can't shift by a constant.  On those machines, we would first
     combine the shift with the AND to produce a variable-position 
     extraction.  Then the constant of 31 would be substituted in to produce
     a such a position.  */

  modewidth = GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (x));
  if (modewidth >= pos - len)
    tem = simplify_shift_const (NULL_RTX, unsignedp ? LSHIFTRT : ASHIFTRT,
				GET_MODE (x),
				simplify_shift_const (NULL_RTX, ASHIFT,
						      GET_MODE (x),
						      XEXP (x, 0),
						      modewidth - pos - len),
				modewidth - len);

  else if (unsignedp && len < HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT)
    tem = simplify_and_const_int (NULL_RTX, GET_MODE (x),
				  simplify_shift_const (NULL_RTX, LSHIFTRT,
							GET_MODE (x),
							XEXP (x, 0), pos),
				  ((HOST_WIDE_INT) 1 << len) - 1);
  else
    /* Any other cases we can't handle.  */
    return x;
    

  /* If we couldn't do this for some reason, return the original
     expression.  */
  if (GET_CODE (tem) == CLOBBER)
    return x;

  return tem;
}

/* X is a SET which contains an assignment of one object into
   a part of another (such as a bit-field assignment, STRICT_LOW_PART,
   or certain SUBREGS). If possible, convert it into a series of
   logical operations.

   We half-heartedly support variable positions, but do not at all
   support variable lengths.  */

static rtx
expand_field_assignment (x)
     rtx x;
{
  rtx inner;
  rtx pos;			/* Always counts from low bit.  */
  int len;
  rtx mask;
  enum machine_mode compute_mode;

  /* Loop until we find something we can't simplify.  */
  while (1)
    {
      if (GET_CODE (SET_DEST (x)) == STRICT_LOW_PART
	  && GET_CODE (XEXP (SET_DEST (x), 0)) == SUBREG)
	{
	  inner = SUBREG_REG (XEXP (SET_DEST (x), 0));
	  len = GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (XEXP (SET_DEST (x), 0)));
	  pos = GEN_INT (BITS_PER_WORD * SUBREG_WORD (XEXP (SET_DEST (x), 0)));
	}
      else if (GET_CODE (SET_DEST (x)) == ZERO_EXTRACT
	       && GET_CODE (XEXP (SET_DEST (x), 1)) == CONST_INT)
	{
	  inner = XEXP (SET_DEST (x), 0);
	  len = INTVAL (XEXP (SET_DEST (x), 1));
	  pos = XEXP (SET_DEST (x), 2);

	  /* If the position is constant and spans the width of INNER,
	     surround INNER  with a USE to indicate this.  */
	  if (GET_CODE (pos) == CONST_INT
	      && INTVAL (pos) + len > GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (inner)))
	    inner = gen_rtx_USE (GET_MODE (SET_DEST (x)), inner);

	  if (BITS_BIG_ENDIAN)
	    {
	      if (GET_CODE (pos) == CONST_INT)
		pos = GEN_INT (GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (inner)) - len
			       - INTVAL (pos));
	      else if (GET_CODE (pos) == MINUS
		       && GET_CODE (XEXP (pos, 1)) == CONST_INT
		       && (INTVAL (XEXP (pos, 1))
			   == GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (inner)) - len))
		/* If position is ADJUST - X, new position is X.  */
		pos = XEXP (pos, 0);
	      else
		pos = gen_binary (MINUS, GET_MODE (pos),
				  GEN_INT (GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (inner))
					   - len),
				  pos);
	    }
	}

      /* A SUBREG between two modes that occupy the same numbers of words
	 can be done by moving the SUBREG to the source.  */
      else if (GET_CODE (SET_DEST (x)) == SUBREG
	       && (((GET_MODE_SIZE (GET_MODE (SET_DEST (x)))
		     + (UNITS_PER_WORD - 1)) / UNITS_PER_WORD)
		   == ((GET_MODE_SIZE (GET_MODE (SUBREG_REG (SET_DEST (x))))
			+ (UNITS_PER_WORD - 1)) / UNITS_PER_WORD)))
	{
	  x = gen_rtx_SET (VOIDmode, SUBREG_REG (SET_DEST (x)),
			   gen_lowpart_for_combine (GET_MODE (SUBREG_REG (SET_DEST (x))),
						    SET_SRC (x)));
	  continue;
	}
      else
	break;

      while (GET_CODE (inner) == SUBREG && subreg_lowpart_p (inner))
	inner = SUBREG_REG (inner);

      compute_mode = GET_MODE (inner);

      /* Don't attempt bitwise arithmetic on non-integral modes.  */
      if (! INTEGRAL_MODE_P (compute_mode))
	{
	  enum machine_mode imode;

	  /* Something is probably seriously wrong if this matches.  */
	  if (! FLOAT_MODE_P (compute_mode))
	    break;

	  /* Try to find an integral mode to pun with.  */
	  imode = mode_for_size (GET_MODE_BITSIZE (compute_mode), MODE_INT, 0);
	  if (imode == BLKmode)
	    break;

	  compute_mode = imode;
	  inner = gen_lowpart_for_combine (imode, inner);
	}

      /* Compute a mask of LEN bits, if we can do this on the host machine.  */
      if (len < HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT)
	mask = GEN_INT (((HOST_WIDE_INT) 1 << len) - 1);
      else
	break;

      /* Now compute the equivalent expression.  Make a copy of INNER
	 for the SET_DEST in case it is a MEM into which we will substitute;
	 we don't want shared RTL in that case.  */
      x = gen_rtx_SET (VOIDmode, copy_rtx (inner),
		       gen_binary (IOR, compute_mode,
				   gen_binary (AND, compute_mode,
					       gen_unary (NOT, compute_mode,
							  compute_mode,
							  gen_binary (ASHIFT,
								      compute_mode,
								      mask, pos)),
					       inner),
				   gen_binary (ASHIFT, compute_mode,
					       gen_binary (AND, compute_mode,
							   gen_lowpart_for_combine
							   (compute_mode,
							    SET_SRC (x)),
							   mask),
					       pos)));
    }

  return x;
}

/* Return an RTX for a reference to LEN bits of INNER.  If POS_RTX is nonzero,
   it is an RTX that represents a variable starting position; otherwise,
   POS is the (constant) starting bit position (counted from the LSB).

   INNER may be a USE.  This will occur when we started with a bitfield
   that went outside the boundary of the object in memory, which is
   allowed on most machines.  To isolate this case, we produce a USE
   whose mode is wide enough and surround the MEM with it.  The only
   code that understands the USE is this routine.  If it is not removed,
   it will cause the resulting insn not to match.

   UNSIGNEDP is non-zero for an unsigned reference and zero for a 
   signed reference.

   IN_DEST is non-zero if this is a reference in the destination of a
   SET.  This is used when a ZERO_ or SIGN_EXTRACT isn't needed.  If non-zero,
   a STRICT_LOW_PART will be used, if zero, ZERO_EXTEND or SIGN_EXTEND will
   be used.

   IN_COMPARE is non-zero if we are in a COMPARE.  This means that a
   ZERO_EXTRACT should be built even for bits starting at bit 0.

   MODE is the desired mode of the result (if IN_DEST == 0).

   The result is an RTX for the extraction or NULL_RTX if the target
   can't handle it.  */

static rtx
make_extraction (mode, inner, pos, pos_rtx, len,
		 unsignedp, in_dest, in_compare)
     enum machine_mode mode;
     rtx inner;
     int pos;
     rtx pos_rtx;
     int len;
     int unsignedp;
     int in_dest, in_compare;
{
  /* This mode describes the size of the storage area
     to fetch the overall value from.  Within that, we
     ignore the POS lowest bits, etc.  */
  enum machine_mode is_mode = GET_MODE (inner);
  enum machine_mode inner_mode;
  enum machine_mode wanted_inner_mode = byte_mode;
  enum machine_mode wanted_inner_reg_mode = word_mode;
  enum machine_mode pos_mode = word_mode;
  enum machine_mode extraction_mode = word_mode;
  enum machine_mode tmode = mode_for_size (len, MODE_INT, 1);
  int spans_byte = 0;
  rtx new = 0;
  rtx orig_pos_rtx = pos_rtx;
  int orig_pos;

  /* Get some information about INNER and get the innermost object.  */
  if (GET_CODE (inner) == USE)
    /* (use:SI (mem:QI foo)) stands for (mem:SI foo).  */
    /* We don't need to adjust the position because we set up the USE
       to pretend that it was a full-word object.  */
    spans_byte = 1, inner = XEXP (inner, 0);
  else if (GET_CODE (inner) == SUBREG && subreg_lowpart_p (inner))
    {
      /* If going from (subreg:SI (mem:QI ...)) to (mem:QI ...),
	 consider just the QI as the memory to extract from.
	 The subreg adds or removes high bits; its mode is
	 irrelevant to the meaning of this extraction,
	 since POS and LEN count from the lsb.  */
      if (GET_CODE (SUBREG_REG (inner)) == MEM)
	is_mode = GET_MODE (SUBREG_REG (inner));
      inner = SUBREG_REG (inner);
    }

  inner_mode = GET_MODE (inner);

  if (pos_rtx && GET_CODE (pos_rtx) == CONST_INT)
    pos = INTVAL (pos_rtx), pos_rtx = 0;

  /* See if this can be done without an extraction.  We never can if the
     width of the field is not the same as that of some integer mode. For
     registers, we can only avoid the extraction if the position is at the
     low-order bit and this is either not in the destination or we have the
     appropriate STRICT_LOW_PART operation available.

     For MEM, we can avoid an extract if the field starts on an appropriate
     boundary and we can change the mode of the memory reference.  However,
     we cannot directly access the MEM if we have a USE and the underlying
     MEM is not TMODE.  This combination means that MEM was being used in a
     context where bits outside its mode were being referenced; that is only
     valid in bit-field insns.  */

  if (tmode != BLKmode
      && ! (spans_byte && inner_mode != tmode)
      && ((pos_rtx == 0 && (pos % BITS_PER_WORD) == 0
	   && GET_CODE (inner) != MEM
	   && (! in_dest
	       || (GET_CODE (inner) == REG
		   && (movstrict_optab->handlers[(int) tmode].insn_code
		       != CODE_FOR_nothing))))
	  || (GET_CODE (inner) == MEM && pos_rtx == 0
	      && (pos
		  % (STRICT_ALIGNMENT ? GET_MODE_ALIGNMENT (tmode)
		     : BITS_PER_UNIT)) == 0
	      /* We can't do this if we are widening INNER_MODE (it
		 may not be aligned, for one thing).  */
	      && GET_MODE_BITSIZE (inner_mode) >= GET_MODE_BITSIZE (tmode)
	      && (inner_mode == tmode
		  || (! mode_dependent_address_p (XEXP (inner, 0))
		      && ! MEM_VOLATILE_P (inner))))))
    {
      /* If INNER is a MEM, make a new MEM that encompasses just the desired
	 field.  If the original and current mode are the same, we need not
	 adjust the offset.  Otherwise, we do if bytes big endian.  

	 If INNER is not a MEM, get a piece consisting of just the field
	 of interest (in this case POS % BITS_PER_WORD must be 0).  */

      if (GET_CODE (inner) == MEM)
	{
	  int offset;
	  /* POS counts from lsb, but make OFFSET count in memory order.  */
	  if (BYTES_BIG_ENDIAN)
	    offset = (GET_MODE_BITSIZE (is_mode) - len - pos) / BITS_PER_UNIT;
	  else
	    offset = pos / BITS_PER_UNIT;

	  new = gen_rtx_MEM (tmode, plus_constant (XEXP (inner, 0), offset));
	  RTX_UNCHANGING_P (new) = RTX_UNCHANGING_P (inner);
	  MEM_COPY_ATTRIBUTES (new, inner);
	}
      else if (GET_CODE (inner) == REG)
	{
	  /* We can't call gen_lowpart_for_combine here since we always want
	     a SUBREG and it would sometimes return a new hard register.  */
	  if (tmode != inner_mode)
	    new = gen_rtx_SUBREG (tmode, inner,
				  (WORDS_BIG_ENDIAN
				   && GET_MODE_SIZE (inner_mode) > UNITS_PER_WORD
				   ? (((GET_MODE_SIZE (inner_mode)
					- GET_MODE_SIZE (tmode))
				       / UNITS_PER_WORD)
				      - pos / BITS_PER_WORD)
				   : pos / BITS_PER_WORD));
	  else
	    new = inner;
	}
      else
	new = force_to_mode (inner, tmode,
			     len >= HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT
			     ? GET_MODE_MASK (tmode)
			     : ((HOST_WIDE_INT) 1 << len) - 1,
			     NULL_RTX, 0);

      /* If this extraction is going into the destination of a SET, 
	 make a STRICT_LOW_PART unless we made a MEM.  */

      if (in_dest)
	return (GET_CODE (new) == MEM ? new
		: (GET_CODE (new) != SUBREG
		   ? gen_rtx_CLOBBER (tmode, const0_rtx)
		   : gen_rtx_combine (STRICT_LOW_PART, VOIDmode, new)));

      /* Otherwise, sign- or zero-extend unless we already are in the
	 proper mode.  */

      return (mode == tmode ? new
	      : gen_rtx_combine (unsignedp ? ZERO_EXTEND : SIGN_EXTEND,
				 mode, new));
    }

  /* Unless this is a COMPARE or we have a funny memory reference,
     don't do anything with zero-extending field extracts starting at
     the low-order bit since they are simple AND operations.  */
  if (pos_rtx == 0 && pos == 0 && ! in_dest
      && ! in_compare && ! spans_byte && unsignedp)
    return 0;

  /* Unless we are allowed to span bytes, reject this if we would be
     spanning bytes or if the position is not a constant and the length
     is not 1.  In all other cases, we would only be going outside
     out object in cases when an original shift would have been
     undefined.  */
  if (! spans_byte
      && ((pos_rtx == 0 && pos + len > GET_MODE_BITSIZE (is_mode))
	  || (pos_rtx != 0 && len != 1)))
    return 0;

  /* Get the mode to use should INNER not be a MEM, the mode for the position,
     and the mode for the result.  */
#ifdef HAVE_insv
  if (in_dest)
    {
      wanted_inner_reg_mode
	= (insn_operand_mode[(int) CODE_FOR_insv][0] == VOIDmode
	   ? word_mode
	   : insn_operand_mode[(int) CODE_FOR_insv][0]);
      pos_mode = (insn_operand_mode[(int) CODE_FOR_insv][2] == VOIDmode
		  ? word_mode : insn_operand_mode[(int) CODE_FOR_insv][2]);
      extraction_mode = (insn_operand_mode[(int) CODE_FOR_insv][3] == VOIDmode
			 ? word_mode
			 : insn_operand_mode[(int) CODE_FOR_insv][3]);
    }
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_extzv
  if (! in_dest && unsignedp)
    {
      wanted_inner_reg_mode
	= (insn_operand_mode[(int) CODE_FOR_extzv][1] == VOIDmode
	   ? word_mode
	   : insn_operand_mode[(int) CODE_FOR_extzv][1]);
      pos_mode = (insn_operand_mode[(int) CODE_FOR_extzv][3] == VOIDmode
		  ? word_mode : insn_operand_mode[(int) CODE_FOR_extzv][3]);
      extraction_mode = (insn_operand_mode[(int) CODE_FOR_extzv][0] == VOIDmode
			 ? word_mode
			 : insn_operand_mode[(int) CODE_FOR_extzv][0]);
    }
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_extv
  if (! in_dest && ! unsignedp)
    {
      wanted_inner_reg_mode
	= (insn_operand_mode[(int) CODE_FOR_extv][1] == VOIDmode
	   ? word_mode
	   : insn_operand_mode[(int) CODE_FOR_extv][1]);
      pos_mode = (insn_operand_mode[(int) CODE_FOR_extv][3] == VOIDmode
		  ? word_mode : insn_operand_mode[(int) CODE_FOR_extv][3]);
      extraction_mode = (insn_operand_mode[(int) CODE_FOR_extv][0] == VOIDmode
			 ? word_mode
			 : insn_operand_mode[(int) CODE_FOR_extv][0]);
    }
#endif

  /* Never narrow an object, since that might not be safe.  */

  if (mode != VOIDmode
      && GET_MODE_SIZE (extraction_mode) < GET_MODE_SIZE (mode))
    extraction_mode = mode;

  if (pos_rtx && GET_MODE (pos_rtx) != VOIDmode
      && GET_MODE_SIZE (pos_mode) < GET_MODE_SIZE (GET_MODE (pos_rtx)))
    pos_mode = GET_MODE (pos_rtx);

  /* If this is not from memory, the desired mode is wanted_inner_reg_mode;
     if we have to change the mode of memory and cannot, the desired mode is
     EXTRACTION_MODE.  */
  if (GET_CODE (inner) != MEM)
    wanted_inner_mode = wanted_inner_reg_mode;
  else if (inner_mode != wanted_inner_mode
	   && (mode_dependent_address_p (XEXP (inner, 0))
	       || MEM_VOLATILE_P (inner)))
    wanted_inner_mode = extraction_mode;

  orig_pos = pos;

  if (BITS_BIG_ENDIAN)
    {
      /* POS is passed as if BITS_BIG_ENDIAN == 0, so we need to convert it to
	 BITS_BIG_ENDIAN style.  If position is constant, compute new
	 position.  Otherwise, build subtraction.
	 Note that POS is relative to the mode of the original argument.
	 If it's a MEM we need to recompute POS relative to that.
	 However, if we're extracting from (or inserting into) a register,
	 we want to recompute POS relative to wanted_inner_mode.  */
      int width = (GET_CODE (inner) == MEM
		   ? GET_MODE_BITSIZE (is_mode)
		   : GET_MODE_BITSIZE (wanted_inner_mode));

      if (pos_rtx == 0)
	pos = width - len - pos;
      else
	pos_rtx
	  = gen_rtx_combine (MINUS, GET_MODE (pos_rtx),
			     GEN_INT (width - len), pos_rtx);
      /* POS may be less than 0 now, but we check for that below.
	 Note that it can only be less than 0 if GET_CODE (inner) != MEM.  */
    }

  /* If INNER has a wider mode, make it smaller.  If this is a constant
     extract, try to adjust the byte to point to the byte containing
     the value.  */
  if (wanted_inner_mode != VOIDmode
      && GET_MODE_SIZE (wanted_inner_mode) < GET_MODE_SIZE (is_mode)
      && ((GET_CODE (inner) == MEM
	   && (inner_mode == wanted_inner_mode
	       || (! mode_dependent_address_p (XEXP (inner, 0))
		   && ! MEM_VOLATILE_P (inner))))))
    {
      int offset = 0;

      /* The computations below will be correct if the machine is big
	 endian in both bits and bytes or little endian in bits and bytes.
	 If it is mixed, we must adjust.  */
	     
      /* If bytes are big endian and we had a paradoxical SUBREG, we must
	 adjust OFFSET to compensate.  */
      if (BYTES_BIG_ENDIAN
	  && ! spans_byte
	  && GET_MODE_SIZE (inner_mode) < GET_MODE_SIZE (is_mode))
	offset -= GET_MODE_SIZE (is_mode) - GET_MODE_SIZE (inner_mode);

      /* If this is a constant position, we can move to the desired byte.  */
      if (pos_rtx == 0)
	{
	  offset += pos / BITS_PER_UNIT;
	  pos %= GET_MODE_BITSIZE (wanted_inner_mode);
	}

      if (BYTES_BIG_ENDIAN != BITS_BIG_ENDIAN
	  && ! spans_byte
	  && is_mode != wanted_inner_mode)
	offset = (GET_MODE_SIZE (is_mode)
		  - GET_MODE_SIZE (wanted_inner_mode) - offset);

      if (offset != 0 || inner_mode != wanted_inner_mode)
	{
	  rtx newmem = gen_rtx_MEM (wanted_inner_mode,
				    plus_constant (XEXP (inner, 0), offset));
	  RTX_UNCHANGING_P (newmem) = RTX_UNCHANGING_P (inner);
	  MEM_COPY_ATTRIBUTES (newmem, inner);
	  inner = newmem;
	}
    }

  /* If INNER is not memory, we can always get it into the proper mode.  If we
     are changing its mode, POS must be a constant and smaller than the size
     of the new mode.  */
  else if (GET_CODE (inner) != MEM)
    {
      if (GET_MODE (inner) != wanted_inner_mode
	  && (pos_rtx != 0
	      || orig_pos + len > GET_MODE_BITSIZE (wanted_inner_mode)))
	return 0;

      inner = force_to_mode (inner, wanted_inner_mode,
			     pos_rtx
			     || len + orig_pos >= HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT
			     ? GET_MODE_MASK (wanted_inner_mode)
			     : (((HOST_WIDE_INT) 1 << len) - 1) << orig_pos,
			     NULL_RTX, 0);
    }

  /* Adjust mode of POS_RTX, if needed.  If we want a wider mode, we
     have to zero extend.  Otherwise, we can just use a SUBREG.  */
  if (pos_rtx != 0
      && GET_MODE_SIZE (pos_mode) > GET_MODE_SIZE (GET_MODE (pos_rtx)))
    pos_rtx = gen_rtx_combine (ZERO_EXTEND, pos_mode, pos_rtx);
  else if (pos_rtx != 0
	   && GET_MODE_SIZE (pos_mode) < GET_MODE_SIZE (GET_MODE (pos_rtx)))
    pos_rtx = gen_lowpart_for_combine (pos_mode, pos_rtx);

  /* Make POS_RTX unless we already have it and it is correct.  If we don't
     have a POS_RTX but we do have an ORIG_POS_RTX, the latter must
     be a CONST_INT.  */
  if (pos_rtx == 0 && orig_pos_rtx != 0 && INTVAL (orig_pos_rtx) == pos)
    pos_rtx = orig_pos_rtx;

  else if (pos_rtx == 0)
    pos_rtx = GEN_INT (pos);

  /* Make the required operation.  See if we can use existing rtx.  */
  new = gen_rtx_combine (unsignedp ? ZERO_EXTRACT : SIGN_EXTRACT,
			 extraction_mode, inner, GEN_INT (len), pos_rtx);
  if (! in_dest)
    new = gen_lowpart_for_combine (mode, new);

  return new;
}

/* See if X contains an ASHIFT of COUNT or more bits that can be commuted
   with any other operations in X.  Return X without that shift if so.  */

static rtx
extract_left_shift (x, count)
     rtx x;
     int count;
{
  enum rtx_code code = GET_CODE (x);
  enum machine_mode mode = GET_MODE (x);
  rtx tem;

  switch (code)
    {
    case ASHIFT:
      /* This is the shift itself.  If it is wide enough, we will return
	 either the value being shifted if the shift count is equal to
	 COUNT or a shift for the difference.  */
      if (GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 1)) == CONST_INT
	  && INTVAL (XEXP (x, 1)) >= count)
	return simplify_shift_const (NULL_RTX, ASHIFT, mode, XEXP (x, 0),
				     INTVAL (XEXP (x, 1)) - count);
      break;

    case NEG:  case NOT:
      if ((tem = extract_left_shift (XEXP (x, 0), count)) != 0)
	return gen_unary (code, mode, mode, tem);

      break;

    case PLUS:  case IOR:  case XOR:  case AND:
      /* If we can safely shift this constant and we find the inner shift,
	 make a new operation.  */
      if (GET_CODE (XEXP (x,1)) == CONST_INT
	  && (INTVAL (XEXP (x, 1)) & ((((HOST_WIDE_INT) 1 << count)) - 1)) == 0
	  && (tem = extract_left_shift (XEXP (x, 0), count)) != 0)
	return gen_binary (code, mode, tem, 
			   GEN_INT (INTVAL (XEXP (x, 1)) >> count));

      break;
      
    default:
      break;
    }

  return 0;
}

/* Look at the expression rooted at X.  Look for expressions
   equivalent to ZERO_EXTRACT, SIGN_EXTRACT, ZERO_EXTEND, SIGN_EXTEND.
   Form these expressions.

   Return the new rtx, usually just X.

   Also, for machines like the Vax that don't have logical shift insns,
   try to convert logical to arithmetic shift operations in cases where
   they are equivalent.  This undoes the canonicalizations to logical
   shifts done elsewhere.

   We try, as much as possible, to re-use rtl expressions to save memory.

   IN_CODE says what kind of expression we are processing.  Normally, it is
   SET.  In a memory address (inside a MEM, PLUS or minus, the latter two
   being kludges), it is MEM.  When processing the arguments of a comparison
   or a COMPARE against zero, it is COMPARE.  */

static rtx
make_compound_operation (x, in_code)
     rtx x;
     enum rtx_code in_code;
{
  enum rtx_code code = GET_CODE (x);
  enum machine_mode mode = GET_MODE (x);
  int mode_width = GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode);
  rtx rhs, lhs;
  enum rtx_code next_code;
  int i;
  rtx new = 0;
  rtx tem;
  char *fmt;

  /* Select the code to be used in recursive calls.  Once we are inside an
     address, we stay there.  If we have a comparison, set to COMPARE,
     but once inside, go back to our default of SET.  */

  next_code = (code == MEM || code == PLUS || code == MINUS ? MEM
	       : ((code == COMPARE || GET_RTX_CLASS (code) == '<')
		  && XEXP (x, 1) == const0_rtx) ? COMPARE
	       : in_code == COMPARE ? SET : in_code);

  /* Process depending on the code of this operation.  If NEW is set
     non-zero, it will be returned.  */

  switch (code)
    {
    case ASHIFT:
      /* Convert shifts by constants into multiplications if inside
	 an address.  */
      if (in_code == MEM && GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 1)) == CONST_INT
	  && INTVAL (XEXP (x, 1)) < HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT
	  && INTVAL (XEXP (x, 1)) >= 0)
	{
	  new = make_compound_operation (XEXP (x, 0), next_code);
	  new = gen_rtx_combine (MULT, mode, new,
				 GEN_INT ((HOST_WIDE_INT) 1
					  << INTVAL (XEXP (x, 1))));
	}
      break;

    case AND:
      /* If the second operand is not a constant, we can't do anything
	 with it.  */
      if (GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 1)) != CONST_INT)
	break;

      /* If the constant is a power of two minus one and the first operand
	 is a logical right shift, make an extraction.  */
      if (GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 0)) == LSHIFTRT
	  && (i = exact_log2 (INTVAL (XEXP (x, 1)) + 1)) >= 0)
	{
	  new = make_compound_operation (XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 0), next_code);
	  new = make_extraction (mode, new, 0, XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 1), i, 1,
				 0, in_code == COMPARE);
	}

      /* Same as previous, but for (subreg (lshiftrt ...)) in first op.  */
      else if (GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 0)) == SUBREG
	       && subreg_lowpart_p (XEXP (x, 0))
	       && GET_CODE (SUBREG_REG (XEXP (x, 0))) == LSHIFTRT
	       && (i = exact_log2 (INTVAL (XEXP (x, 1)) + 1)) >= 0)
	{
	  new = make_compound_operation (XEXP (SUBREG_REG (XEXP (x, 0)), 0),
					 next_code);
	  new = make_extraction (GET_MODE (SUBREG_REG (XEXP (x, 0))), new, 0,
				 XEXP (SUBREG_REG (XEXP (x, 0)), 1), i, 1,
				 0, in_code == COMPARE);
	}
      /* Same as previous, but for (xor/ior (lshiftrt...) (lshiftrt...)).  */
      else if ((GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 0)) == XOR
		|| GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 0)) == IOR)
	       && GET_CODE (XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 0)) == LSHIFTRT
	       && GET_CODE (XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 1)) == LSHIFTRT
	       && (i = exact_log2 (INTVAL (XEXP (x, 1)) + 1)) >= 0)
	{
	  /* Apply the distributive law, and then try to make extractions.  */
	  new = gen_rtx_combine (GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 0)), mode,
				 gen_rtx_AND (mode, XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 0),
					      XEXP (x, 1)),
				 gen_rtx_AND (mode, XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 1),
					      XEXP (x, 1)));
	  new = make_compound_operation (new, in_code);
	}

      /* If we are have (and (rotate X C) M) and C is larger than the number
	 of bits in M, this is an extraction.  */

      else if (GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 0)) == ROTATE
	       && GET_CODE (XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 1)) == CONST_INT
	       && (i = exact_log2 (INTVAL (XEXP (x, 1)) + 1)) >= 0
	       && i <= INTVAL (XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 1)))
	{
	  new = make_compound_operation (XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 0), next_code);
	  new = make_extraction (mode, new,
				 (GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode)
				  - INTVAL (XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 1))),
				 NULL_RTX, i, 1, 0, in_code == COMPARE);
	}

      /* On machines without logical shifts, if the operand of the AND is
	 a logical shift and our mask turns off all the propagated sign
	 bits, we can replace the logical shift with an arithmetic shift.  */
      else if (ashr_optab->handlers[(int) mode].insn_code != CODE_FOR_nothing
	       && (lshr_optab->handlers[(int) mode].insn_code
		   == CODE_FOR_nothing)
	       && GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 0)) == LSHIFTRT
	       && GET_CODE (XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 1)) == CONST_INT
	       && INTVAL (XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 1)) >= 0
	       && INTVAL (XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 1)) < HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT
	       && mode_width <= HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT)
	{
	  unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT mask = GET_MODE_MASK (mode);

	  mask >>= INTVAL (XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 1));
	  if ((INTVAL (XEXP (x, 1)) & ~mask) == 0)
	    SUBST (XEXP (x, 0),
		   gen_rtx_combine (ASHIFTRT, mode,
				    make_compound_operation (XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 0),
							     next_code),
				    XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 1)));
	}

      /* If the constant is one less than a power of two, this might be
	 representable by an extraction even if no shift is present.
	 If it doesn't end up being a ZERO_EXTEND, we will ignore it unless
	 we are in a COMPARE.  */
      else if ((i = exact_log2 (INTVAL (XEXP (x, 1)) + 1)) >= 0)
	new = make_extraction (mode,
			       make_compound_operation (XEXP (x, 0),
							next_code),
			       0, NULL_RTX, i, 1, 0, in_code == COMPARE);

      /* If we are in a comparison and this is an AND with a power of two,
	 convert this into the appropriate bit extract.  */
      else if (in_code == COMPARE
	       && (i = exact_log2 (INTVAL (XEXP (x, 1)))) >= 0)
	new = make_extraction (mode,
			       make_compound_operation (XEXP (x, 0),
							next_code),
			       i, NULL_RTX, 1, 1, 0, 1);

      break;

    case LSHIFTRT:
      /* If the sign bit is known to be zero, replace this with an
	 arithmetic shift.  */
      if (ashr_optab->handlers[(int) mode].insn_code == CODE_FOR_nothing
	  && lshr_optab->handlers[(int) mode].insn_code != CODE_FOR_nothing
	  && mode_width <= HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT
	  && (nonzero_bits (XEXP (x, 0), mode) & (1 << (mode_width - 1))) == 0)
	{
	  new = gen_rtx_combine (ASHIFTRT, mode,
				 make_compound_operation (XEXP (x, 0),
							  next_code),
				 XEXP (x, 1));
	  break;
	}

      /* ... fall through ...  */

    case ASHIFTRT:
      lhs = XEXP (x, 0);
      rhs = XEXP (x, 1);

      /* If we have (ashiftrt (ashift foo C1) C2) with C2 >= C1,
	 this is a SIGN_EXTRACT.  */
      if (GET_CODE (rhs) == CONST_INT
	  && GET_CODE (lhs) == ASHIFT
	  && GET_CODE (XEXP (lhs, 1)) == CONST_INT
	  && INTVAL (rhs) >= INTVAL (XEXP (lhs, 1)))
	{
	  new = make_compound_operation (XEXP (lhs, 0), next_code);
	  new = make_extraction (mode, new,
				 INTVAL (rhs) - INTVAL (XEXP (lhs, 1)),
				 NULL_RTX, mode_width - INTVAL (rhs),
				 code == LSHIFTRT, 0, in_code == COMPARE);
	}

      /* See if we have operations between an ASHIFTRT and an ASHIFT.
	 If so, try to merge the shifts into a SIGN_EXTEND.  We could
	 also do this for some cases of SIGN_EXTRACT, but it doesn't
	 seem worth the effort; the case checked for occurs on Alpha.  */
      
      if (GET_RTX_CLASS (GET_CODE (lhs)) != 'o'
	  && ! (GET_CODE (lhs) == SUBREG
		&& (GET_RTX_CLASS (GET_CODE (SUBREG_REG (lhs))) == 'o'))
	  && GET_CODE (rhs) == CONST_INT
	  && INTVAL (rhs) < HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT
	  && (new = extract_left_shift (lhs, INTVAL (rhs))) != 0)
	new = make_extraction (mode, make_compound_operation (new, next_code),
			       0, NULL_RTX, mode_width - INTVAL (rhs),
			       code == LSHIFTRT, 0, in_code == COMPARE);
	
      break;

    case SUBREG:
      /* Call ourselves recursively on the inner expression.  If we are
	 narrowing the object and it has a different RTL code from
	 what it originally did, do this SUBREG as a force_to_mode.  */

      tem = make_compound_operation (SUBREG_REG (x), in_code);
      if (GET_CODE (tem) != GET_CODE (SUBREG_REG (x))
	  && GET_MODE_SIZE (mode) < GET_MODE_SIZE (GET_MODE (tem))
	  && subreg_lowpart_p (x))
	{
	  rtx newer = force_to_mode (tem, mode,
				     GET_MODE_MASK (mode), NULL_RTX, 0);

	  /* If we have something other than a SUBREG, we might have
	     done an expansion, so rerun outselves.  */
	  if (GET_CODE (newer) != SUBREG)
	    newer = make_compound_operation (newer, in_code);

	  return newer;
	}

      /* If this is a paradoxical subreg, and the new code is a sign or
	 zero extension, omit the subreg and widen the extension.  If it
	 is a regular subreg, we can still get rid of the subreg by not
	 widening so much, or in fact removing the extension entirely.  */
      if ((GET_CODE (tem) == SIGN_EXTEND
	   || GET_CODE (tem) == ZERO_EXTEND)
	  && subreg_lowpart_p (x))
	{
	  if (GET_MODE_SIZE (mode) > GET_MODE_SIZE (GET_MODE (tem))
	      || (GET_MODE_SIZE (mode) >
		  GET_MODE_SIZE (GET_MODE (XEXP (tem, 0)))))
	    tem = gen_rtx_combine (GET_CODE (tem), mode, XEXP (tem, 0));
	  else
	    tem = gen_lowpart_for_combine (mode, XEXP (tem, 0));
	  return tem;
	}
      break;
      
    default:
      break;
    }

  if (new)
    {
      x = gen_lowpart_for_combine (mode, new);
      code = GET_CODE (x);
    }

  /* Now recursively process each operand of this operation.  */
  fmt = GET_RTX_FORMAT (code);
  for (i = 0; i < GET_RTX_LENGTH (code); i++)
    if (fmt[i] == 'e')
      {
	new = make_compound_operation (XEXP (x, i), next_code);
	SUBST (XEXP (x, i), new);
      }

  return x;
}

/* Given M see if it is a value that would select a field of bits
    within an item, but not the entire word.  Return -1 if not.
    Otherwise, return the starting position of the field, where 0 is the
    low-order bit.

   *PLEN is set to the length of the field.  */

static int
get_pos_from_mask (m, plen)
     unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT m;
     int *plen;
{
  /* Get the bit number of the first 1 bit from the right, -1 if none.  */
  int pos = exact_log2 (m & - m);

  if (pos < 0)
    return -1;

  /* Now shift off the low-order zero bits and see if we have a power of
     two minus 1.  */
  *plen = exact_log2 ((m >> pos) + 1);

  if (*plen <= 0)
    return -1;

  return pos;
}

/* See if X can be simplified knowing that we will only refer to it in
   MODE and will only refer to those bits that are nonzero in MASK.
   If other bits are being computed or if masking operations are done
   that select a superset of the bits in MASK, they can sometimes be
   ignored.

   Return a possibly simplified expression, but always convert X to
   MODE.  If X is a CONST_INT, AND the CONST_INT with MASK.

   Also, if REG is non-zero and X is a register equal in value to REG, 
   replace X with REG.

   If JUST_SELECT is nonzero, don't optimize by noticing that bits in MASK
   are all off in X.  This is used when X will be complemented, by either
   NOT, NEG, or XOR.  */

static rtx
force_to_mode (x, mode, mask, reg, just_select)
     rtx x;
     enum machine_mode mode;
     unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT mask;
     rtx reg;
     int just_select;
{
  enum rtx_code code = GET_CODE (x);
  int next_select = just_select || code == XOR || code == NOT || code == NEG;
  enum machine_mode op_mode;
  unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT fuller_mask, nonzero;
  rtx op0, op1, temp;

  /* If this is a CALL or ASM_OPERANDS, don't do anything.  Some of the
     code below will do the wrong thing since the mode of such an
     expression is VOIDmode. 

     Also do nothing if X is a CLOBBER; this can happen if X was
     the return value from a call to gen_lowpart_for_combine.  */
  if (code == CALL || code == ASM_OPERANDS || code == CLOBBER)
    return x;

  /* We want to perform the operation is its present mode unless we know
     that the operation is valid in MODE, in which case we do the operation
     in MODE.  */
  op_mode = ((GET_MODE_CLASS (mode) == GET_MODE_CLASS (GET_MODE (x))
	      && code_to_optab[(int) code] != 0
	      && (code_to_optab[(int) code]->handlers[(int) mode].insn_code
		  != CODE_FOR_nothing))
	     ? mode : GET_MODE (x));

  /* It is not valid to do a right-shift in a narrower mode
     than the one it came in with.  */
  if ((code == LSHIFTRT || code == ASHIFTRT)
      && GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode) < GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (x)))
    op_mode = GET_MODE (x);

  /* Truncate MASK to fit OP_MODE.  */
  if (op_mode)
    mask &= GET_MODE_MASK (op_mode);

  /* When we have an arithmetic operation, or a shift whose count we
     do not know, we need to assume that all bit the up to the highest-order
     bit in MASK will be needed.  This is how we form such a mask.  */
  if (op_mode)
    fuller_mask = (GET_MODE_BITSIZE (op_mode) >= HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT
		   ? GET_MODE_MASK (op_mode)
		   : ((HOST_WIDE_INT) 1 << (floor_log2 (mask) + 1)) - 1);
  else
    fuller_mask = ~ (HOST_WIDE_INT) 0;

  /* Determine what bits of X are guaranteed to be (non)zero.  */
  nonzero = nonzero_bits (x, mode);

  /* If none of the bits in X are needed, return a zero.  */
  if (! just_select && (nonzero & mask) == 0)
    return const0_rtx;

  /* If X is a CONST_INT, return a new one.  Do this here since the
     test below will fail.  */
  if (GET_CODE (x) == CONST_INT)
    {
      HOST_WIDE_INT cval = INTVAL (x) & mask;
      int width = GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode);

      /* If MODE is narrower that HOST_WIDE_INT and CVAL is a negative
	 number, sign extend it.  */
      if (width > 0 && width < HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT
	  && (cval & ((HOST_WIDE_INT) 1 << (width - 1))) != 0)
	cval |= (HOST_WIDE_INT) -1 << width;
	
      return GEN_INT (cval);
    }

  /* If X is narrower than MODE and we want all the bits in X's mode, just
     get X in the proper mode.  */
  if (GET_MODE_SIZE (GET_MODE (x)) < GET_MODE_SIZE (mode)
      && (GET_MODE_MASK (GET_MODE (x)) & ~ mask) == 0)
    return gen_lowpart_for_combine (mode, x);

  /* If we aren't changing the mode, X is not a SUBREG, and all zero bits in
     MASK are already known to be zero in X, we need not do anything.  */
  if (GET_MODE (x) == mode && code != SUBREG && (~ mask & nonzero) == 0)
    return x;

  switch (code)
    {
    case CLOBBER:
      /* If X is a (clobber (const_int)), return it since we know we are
	 generating something that won't match.  */
      return x;

    case USE:
      /* X is a (use (mem ..)) that was made from a bit-field extraction that
	 spanned the boundary of the MEM.  If we are now masking so it is
	 within that boundary, we don't need the USE any more.  */
      if (! BITS_BIG_ENDIAN
	  && (mask & ~ GET_MODE_MASK (GET_MODE (XEXP (x, 0)))) == 0)
	return force_to_mode (XEXP (x, 0), mode, mask, reg, next_select);
      break;

    case SIGN_EXTEND:
    case ZERO_EXTEND:
    case ZERO_EXTRACT:
    case SIGN_EXTRACT:
      x = expand_compound_operation (x);
      if (GET_CODE (x) != code)
	return force_to_mode (x, mode, mask, reg, next_select);
      break;

    case REG:
      if (reg != 0 && (rtx_equal_p (get_last_value (reg), x)
		       || rtx_equal_p (reg, get_last_value (x))))
	x = reg;
      break;

    case SUBREG:
      if (subreg_lowpart_p (x)
	  /* We can ignore the effect of this SUBREG if it narrows the mode or
	     if the constant masks to zero all the bits the mode doesn't
	     have.  */
	  && ((GET_MODE_SIZE (GET_MODE (x))
	       < GET_MODE_SIZE (GET_MODE (SUBREG_REG (x))))
	      || (0 == (mask
			& GET_MODE_MASK (GET_MODE (x))
			& ~ GET_MODE_MASK (GET_MODE (SUBREG_REG (x)))))))
	return force_to_mode (SUBREG_REG (x), mode, mask, reg, next_select);
      break;

    case AND:
      /* If this is an AND with a constant, convert it into an AND
	 whose constant is the AND of that constant with MASK.  If it
	 remains an AND of MASK, delete it since it is redundant.  */

      if (GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 1)) == CONST_INT)
	{
	  x = simplify_and_const_int (x, op_mode, XEXP (x, 0),
				      mask & INTVAL (XEXP (x, 1)));

	  /* If X is still an AND, see if it is an AND with a mask that
	     is just some low-order bits.  If so, and it is MASK, we don't
	     need it.  */

	  if (GET_CODE (x) == AND && GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 1)) == CONST_INT
	      && (unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT) INTVAL (XEXP (x, 1)) == mask)
	    x = XEXP (x, 0);

	  /* If it remains an AND, try making another AND with the bits
	     in the mode mask that aren't in MASK turned on.  If the
	     constant in the AND is wide enough, this might make a
	     cheaper constant.  */

	  if (GET_CODE (x) == AND && GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 1)) == CONST_INT
	      && GET_MODE_MASK (GET_MODE (x)) != mask
	      && GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (x)) <= HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT)
	    {
	      HOST_WIDE_INT cval = (INTVAL (XEXP (x, 1))
				    | (GET_MODE_MASK (GET_MODE (x)) & ~ mask));
	      int width = GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (x));
	      rtx y;

	      /* If MODE is narrower that HOST_WIDE_INT and CVAL is a negative
		 number, sign extend it.  */
	      if (width > 0 && width < HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT
		  && (cval & ((HOST_WIDE_INT) 1 << (width - 1))) != 0)
		cval |= (HOST_WIDE_INT) -1 << width;

	      y = gen_binary (AND, GET_MODE (x), XEXP (x, 0), GEN_INT (cval));
	      if (rtx_cost (y, SET) < rtx_cost (x, SET))
		x = y;
	    }

	  break;
	}

      goto binop;

    case PLUS:
      /* In (and (plus FOO C1) M), if M is a mask that just turns off
	 low-order bits (as in an alignment operation) and FOO is already
	 aligned to that boundary, mask C1 to that boundary as well.
	 This may eliminate that PLUS and, later, the AND.  */

      {
	int width = GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode);
	unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT smask = mask;

	/* If MODE is narrower than HOST_WIDE_INT and mask is a negative
	   number, sign extend it.  */

	if (width < HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT
	    && (smask & ((HOST_WIDE_INT) 1 << (width - 1))) != 0)
	  smask |= (HOST_WIDE_INT) -1 << width;

	if (GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 1)) == CONST_INT
	    && exact_log2 (- smask) >= 0)
	  {
#ifdef STACK_BIAS
	    if (STACK_BIAS
	        && (XEXP (x, 0) == stack_pointer_rtx
	            || XEXP (x, 0) == frame_pointer_rtx))
	      {
                int sp_alignment = STACK_BOUNDARY / BITS_PER_UNIT;
                unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT sp_mask = GET_MODE_MASK (mode);
          
		sp_mask &= ~ (sp_alignment - 1);
		if ((sp_mask & ~ smask) == 0
		    && ((INTVAL (XEXP (x, 1)) - STACK_BIAS) & ~ smask) != 0)
		  return force_to_mode (plus_constant (XEXP (x, 0),
		  				       ((INTVAL (XEXP (x, 1)) -
							 STACK_BIAS) & smask)
						       + STACK_BIAS),
		 			mode, smask, reg, next_select);
              }
#endif
	    if ((nonzero_bits (XEXP (x, 0), mode) & ~ smask) == 0
	        && (INTVAL (XEXP (x, 1)) & ~ smask) != 0)
	      return force_to_mode (plus_constant (XEXP (x, 0),
					           (INTVAL (XEXP (x, 1))
						    & smask)),
				    mode, smask, reg, next_select);
	  }
      }

      /* ... fall through ...  */

    case MINUS:
    case MULT:
      /* For PLUS, MINUS and MULT, we need any bits less significant than the
	 most significant bit in MASK since carries from those bits will
	 affect the bits we are interested in.  */
      mask = fuller_mask;
      goto binop;

    case IOR:
    case XOR:
      /* If X is (ior (lshiftrt FOO C1) C2), try to commute the IOR and
	 LSHIFTRT so we end up with an (and (lshiftrt (ior ...) ...) ...)
	 operation which may be a bitfield extraction.  Ensure that the
	 constant we form is not wider than the mode of X.  */

      if (GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 0)) == LSHIFTRT
	  && GET_CODE (XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 1)) == CONST_INT
	  && INTVAL (XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 1)) >= 0
	  && INTVAL (XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 1)) < HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT
	  && GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 1)) == CONST_INT
	  && ((INTVAL (XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 1))
	       + floor_log2 (INTVAL (XEXP (x, 1))))
	      < GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (x)))
	  && (INTVAL (XEXP (x, 1))
	      & ~ nonzero_bits (XEXP (x, 0), GET_MODE (x))) == 0)
	{
	  temp = GEN_INT ((INTVAL (XEXP (x, 1)) & mask)
			      << INTVAL (XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 1)));
	  temp = gen_binary (GET_CODE (x), GET_MODE (x),
			     XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 0), temp);
	  x = gen_binary (LSHIFTRT, GET_MODE (x), temp,
			  XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 1));
	  return force_to_mode (x, mode, mask, reg, next_select);
	}

    binop:
      /* For most binary operations, just propagate into the operation and
	 change the mode if we have an operation of that mode.   */

      op0 = gen_lowpart_for_combine (op_mode,
				     force_to_mode (XEXP (x, 0), mode, mask,
						    reg, next_select));
      op1 = gen_lowpart_for_combine (op_mode,
				     force_to_mode (XEXP (x, 1), mode, mask,
						    reg, next_select));

      /* If OP1 is a CONST_INT and X is an IOR or XOR, clear bits outside
	 MASK since OP1 might have been sign-extended but we never want
	 to turn on extra bits, since combine might have previously relied
	 on them being off.  */
      if (GET_CODE (op1) == CONST_INT && (code == IOR || code == XOR)
	  && (INTVAL (op1) & mask) != 0)
	op1 = GEN_INT (INTVAL (op1) & mask);
	 
      if (op_mode != GET_MODE (x) || op0 != XEXP (x, 0) || op1 != XEXP (x, 1))
	x = gen_binary (code, op_mode, op0, op1);
      break;

    case ASHIFT:
      /* For left shifts, do the same, but just for the first operand.
	 However, we cannot do anything with shifts where we cannot
	 guarantee that the counts are smaller than the size of the mode
	 because such a count will have a different meaning in a
	 wider mode.  */

      if (! (GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 1)) == CONST_INT
	     && INTVAL (XEXP (x, 1)) >= 0
	     && INTVAL (XEXP (x, 1)) < GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode))
	  && ! (GET_MODE (XEXP (x, 1)) != VOIDmode
		&& (nonzero_bits (XEXP (x, 1), GET_MODE (XEXP (x, 1)))
		    < (unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT) GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode))))
	break;
	
      /* If the shift count is a constant and we can do arithmetic in
	 the mode of the shift, refine which bits we need.  Otherwise, use the
	 conservative form of the mask.  */
      if (GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 1)) == CONST_INT
	  && INTVAL (XEXP (x, 1)) >= 0
	  && INTVAL (XEXP (x, 1)) < GET_MODE_BITSIZE (op_mode)
	  && GET_MODE_BITSIZE (op_mode) <= HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT)
	mask >>= INTVAL (XEXP (x, 1));
      else
	mask = fuller_mask;

      op0 = gen_lowpart_for_combine (op_mode,
				     force_to_mode (XEXP (x, 0), op_mode,
						    mask, reg, next_select));

      if (op_mode != GET_MODE (x) || op0 != XEXP (x, 0))
	x =  gen_binary (code, op_mode, op0, XEXP (x, 1));
      break;

    case LSHIFTRT:
      /* Here we can only do something if the shift count is a constant,
	 this shift constant is valid for the host, and we can do arithmetic
	 in OP_MODE.  */

      if (GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 1)) == CONST_INT
	  && INTVAL (XEXP (x, 1)) < HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT
	  && GET_MODE_BITSIZE (op_mode) <= HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT)
	{
	  rtx inner = XEXP (x, 0);

	  /* Select the mask of the bits we need for the shift operand.  */
	  mask <<= INTVAL (XEXP (x, 1));

	  /* We can only change the mode of the shift if we can do arithmetic
	     in the mode of the shift and MASK is no wider than the width of
	     OP_MODE.  */
	  if (GET_MODE_BITSIZE (op_mode) > HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT
	      || (mask & ~ GET_MODE_MASK (op_mode)) != 0)
	    op_mode = GET_MODE (x);

	  inner = force_to_mode (inner, op_mode, mask, reg, next_select);

	  if (GET_MODE (x) != op_mode || inner != XEXP (x, 0))
	    x = gen_binary (LSHIFTRT, op_mode, inner, XEXP (x, 1));
	}

      /* If we have (and (lshiftrt FOO C1) C2) where the combination of the
	 shift and AND produces only copies of the sign bit (C2 is one less
	 than a power of two), we can do this with just a shift.  */

      if (GET_CODE (x) == LSHIFTRT
	  && GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 1)) == CONST_INT
	  && ((INTVAL (XEXP (x, 1))
	       + num_sign_bit_copies (XEXP (x, 0), GET_MODE (XEXP (x, 0))))
	      >= GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (x)))
	  && exact_log2 (mask + 1) >= 0
	  && (num_sign_bit_copies (XEXP (x, 0), GET_MODE (XEXP (x, 0)))
	      >= exact_log2 (mask + 1)))
	x = gen_binary (LSHIFTRT, GET_MODE (x), XEXP (x, 0),
			GEN_INT (GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (x))
				 - exact_log2 (mask + 1)));
      break;

    case ASHIFTRT:
      /* If we are just looking for the sign bit, we don't need this shift at
	 all, even if it has a variable count.  */
      if (GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (x)) <= HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT
	  && (mask == ((unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT) 1
		       << (GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (x)) - 1))))
	return force_to_mode (XEXP (x, 0), mode, mask, reg, next_select);

      /* If this is a shift by a constant, get a mask that contains those bits
	 that are not copies of the sign bit.  We then have two cases:  If
	 MASK only includes those bits, this can be a logical shift, which may
	 allow simplifications.  If MASK is a single-bit field not within
	 those bits, we are requesting a copy of the sign bit and hence can
	 shift the sign bit to the appropriate location.  */

      if (GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 1)) == CONST_INT && INTVAL (XEXP (x, 1)) >= 0
	  && INTVAL (XEXP (x, 1)) < HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT)
	{
	  int i = -1;

	  /* If the considered data is wider then HOST_WIDE_INT, we can't
	     represent a mask for all its bits in a single scalar.
	     But we only care about the lower bits, so calculate these.  */

	  if (GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (x)) > HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT)
	    {
	      nonzero = ~ (HOST_WIDE_INT) 0;

	      /* GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (x)) - INTVAL (XEXP (x, 1))
		 is the number of bits a full-width mask would have set.
		 We need only shift if these are fewer than nonzero can
		 hold.  If not, we must keep all bits set in nonzero.  */

	      if (GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (x)) - INTVAL (XEXP (x, 1))
		  < HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT)
		nonzero >>= INTVAL (XEXP (x, 1))
			    + HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT
			    - GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (x)) ;
	    }
	  else
	    {
	      nonzero = GET_MODE_MASK (GET_MODE (x));
	      nonzero >>= INTVAL (XEXP (x, 1));
	    }

	  if ((mask & ~ nonzero) == 0
	      || (i = exact_log2 (mask)) >= 0)
	    {
	      x = simplify_shift_const
		(x, LSHIFTRT, GET_MODE (x), XEXP (x, 0),
		 i < 0 ? INTVAL (XEXP (x, 1))
		 : GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (x)) - 1 - i);

	      if (GET_CODE (x) != ASHIFTRT)
		return force_to_mode (x, mode, mask, reg, next_select);
	    }
	}

      /* If MASK is 1, convert this to a LSHIFTRT.  This can be done
	 even if the shift count isn't a constant.  */
      if (mask == 1)
	x = gen_binary (LSHIFTRT, GET_MODE (x), XEXP (x, 0), XEXP (x, 1));

      /* If this is a sign-extension operation that just affects bits
	 we don't care about, remove it.  Be sure the call above returned
	 something that is still a shift.  */

      if ((GET_CODE (x) == LSHIFTRT || GET_CODE (x) == ASHIFTRT)
	  && GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 1)) == CONST_INT
	  && INTVAL (XEXP (x, 1)) >= 0
	  && (INTVAL (XEXP (x, 1))
	      <= GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (x)) - (floor_log2 (mask) + 1))
	  && GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 0)) == ASHIFT
	  && GET_CODE (XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 1)) == CONST_INT
	  && INTVAL (XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 1)) == INTVAL (XEXP (x, 1)))
	return force_to_mode (XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 0), mode, mask,
			      reg, next_select);

      break;

    case ROTATE:
    case ROTATERT:
      /* If the shift count is constant and we can do computations
	 in the mode of X, compute where the bits we care about are.
	 Otherwise, we can't do anything.  Don't change the mode of
	 the shift or propagate MODE into the shift, though.  */
      if (GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 1)) == CONST_INT
	  && INTVAL (XEXP (x, 1)) >= 0)
	{
	  temp = simplify_binary_operation (code == ROTATE ? ROTATERT : ROTATE,
					    GET_MODE (x), GEN_INT (mask),
					    XEXP (x, 1));
	  if (temp && GET_CODE(temp) == CONST_INT)
	    SUBST (XEXP (x, 0),
		   force_to_mode (XEXP (x, 0), GET_MODE (x),
				  INTVAL (temp), reg, next_select));
	}
      break;
	
    case NEG:
      /* If we just want the low-order bit, the NEG isn't needed since it
	 won't change the low-order bit.    */
      if (mask == 1)
	return force_to_mode (XEXP (x, 0), mode, mask, reg, just_select);

      /* We need any bits less significant than the most significant bit in
	 MASK since carries from those bits will affect the bits we are
	 interested in.  */
      mask = fuller_mask;
      goto unop;

    case NOT:
      /* (not FOO) is (xor FOO CONST), so if FOO is an LSHIFTRT, we can do the
	 same as the XOR case above.  Ensure that the constant we form is not
	 wider than the mode of X.  */

      if (GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 0)) == LSHIFTRT
	  && GET_CODE (XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 1)) == CONST_INT
	  && INTVAL (XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 1)) >= 0
	  && (INTVAL (XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 1)) + floor_log2 (mask)
	      < GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (x)))
	  && INTVAL (XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 1)) < HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT)
	{
	  temp = GEN_INT (mask << INTVAL (XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 1)));
	  temp = gen_binary (XOR, GET_MODE (x), XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 0), temp);
	  x = gen_binary (LSHIFTRT, GET_MODE (x), temp, XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 1));

	  return force_to_mode (x, mode, mask, reg, next_select);
	}

      /* (and (not FOO) CONST) is (not (or FOO (not CONST))), so we must
	 use the full mask inside the NOT.  */
      mask = fuller_mask;

    unop:
      op0 = gen_lowpart_for_combine (op_mode,
				     force_to_mode (XEXP (x, 0), mode, mask,
						    reg, next_select));
      if (op_mode != GET_MODE (x) || op0 != XEXP (x, 0))
	x = gen_unary (code, op_mode, op_mode, op0);
      break;

    case NE:
      /* (and (ne FOO 0) CONST) can be (and FOO CONST) if CONST is included
	 in STORE_FLAG_VALUE and FOO has a single bit that might be nonzero,
	 which is equal to STORE_FLAG_VALUE.  */
      if ((mask & ~ STORE_FLAG_VALUE) == 0 && XEXP (x, 1) == const0_rtx
	  && exact_log2 (nonzero_bits (XEXP (x, 0), mode)) >= 0
	  && nonzero_bits (XEXP (x, 0), mode) == STORE_FLAG_VALUE)
	return force_to_mode (XEXP (x, 0), mode, mask, reg, next_select);

      break;

    case IF_THEN_ELSE:
      /* We have no way of knowing if the IF_THEN_ELSE can itself be
	 written in a narrower mode.  We play it safe and do not do so.  */

      SUBST (XEXP (x, 1),
	     gen_lowpart_for_combine (GET_MODE (x),
				      force_to_mode (XEXP (x, 1), mode,
						     mask, reg, next_select)));
      SUBST (XEXP (x, 2),
	     gen_lowpart_for_combine (GET_MODE (x),
				      force_to_mode (XEXP (x, 2), mode,
						     mask, reg,next_select)));
      break;
      
    default:
      break;
    }

  /* Ensure we return a value of the proper mode.  */
  return gen_lowpart_for_combine (mode, x);
}

/* Return nonzero if X is an expression that has one of two values depending on
   whether some other value is zero or nonzero.  In that case, we return the
   value that is being tested, *PTRUE is set to the value if the rtx being
   returned has a nonzero value, and *PFALSE is set to the other alternative.

   If we return zero, we set *PTRUE and *PFALSE to X.  */

static rtx
if_then_else_cond (x, ptrue, pfalse)
     rtx x;
     rtx *ptrue, *pfalse;
{
  enum machine_mode mode = GET_MODE (x);
  enum rtx_code code = GET_CODE (x);
  int size = GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode);
  rtx cond0, cond1, true0, true1, false0, false1;
  unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT nz;

  /* If this is a unary operation whose operand has one of two values, apply
     our opcode to compute those values.  */
  if (GET_RTX_CLASS (code) == '1'
      && (cond0 = if_then_else_cond (XEXP (x, 0), &true0, &false0)) != 0)
    {
      *ptrue = gen_unary (code, mode, GET_MODE (XEXP (x, 0)), true0);
      *pfalse = gen_unary (code, mode, GET_MODE (XEXP (x, 0)), false0);
      return cond0;
    }

  /* If this is a COMPARE, do nothing, since the IF_THEN_ELSE we would
     make can't possibly match and would suppress other optimizations.  */
  else if (code == COMPARE)
    ;

  /* If this is a binary operation, see if either side has only one of two
     values.  If either one does or if both do and they are conditional on
     the same value, compute the new true and false values.  */
  else if (GET_RTX_CLASS (code) == 'c' || GET_RTX_CLASS (code) == '2'
	   || GET_RTX_CLASS (code) == '<')
    {
      cond0 = if_then_else_cond (XEXP (x, 0), &true0, &false0);
      cond1 = if_then_else_cond (XEXP (x, 1), &true1, &false1);

      if ((cond0 != 0 || cond1 != 0)
	  && ! (cond0 != 0 && cond1 != 0 && ! rtx_equal_p (cond0, cond1)))
	{
	  /* If if_then_else_cond returned zero, then true/false are the
	     same rtl.  We must copy one of them to prevent invalid rtl
	     sharing.  */
	  if (cond0 == 0)
	    true0 = copy_rtx (true0);
	  else if (cond1 == 0)
	    true1 = copy_rtx (true1);

	  *ptrue = gen_binary (code, mode, true0, true1);
	  *pfalse = gen_binary (code, mode, false0, false1);
	  return cond0 ? cond0 : cond1;
	}

      /* See if we have PLUS, IOR, XOR, MINUS or UMAX, where one of the
	 operands is zero when the other is non-zero, and vice-versa,
	 and STORE_FLAG_VALUE is 1 or -1.  */

      if ((STORE_FLAG_VALUE == 1 || STORE_FLAG_VALUE == -1)
	  && (code == PLUS || code == IOR || code == XOR || code == MINUS
	   || code == UMAX)
	  && GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 0)) == MULT && GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 1)) == MULT)
	{
	  rtx op0 = XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 1);
	  rtx op1 = XEXP (XEXP (x, 1), 1);

	  cond0 = XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 0);
	  cond1 = XEXP (XEXP (x, 1), 0);

	  if (GET_RTX_CLASS (GET_CODE (cond0)) == '<'
	      && GET_RTX_CLASS (GET_CODE (cond1)) == '<'
	      && reversible_comparison_p (cond1)
	      && ((GET_CODE (cond0) == reverse_condition (GET_CODE (cond1))
		   && rtx_equal_p (XEXP (cond0, 0), XEXP (cond1, 0))
		   && rtx_equal_p (XEXP (cond0, 1), XEXP (cond1, 1)))
		  || ((swap_condition (GET_CODE (cond0))
		       == reverse_condition (GET_CODE (cond1)))
		      && rtx_equal_p (XEXP (cond0, 0), XEXP (cond1, 1))
		      && rtx_equal_p (XEXP (cond0, 1), XEXP (cond1, 0))))
	      && ! side_effects_p (x))
	    {
	      *ptrue = gen_binary (MULT, mode, op0, const_true_rtx);
	      *pfalse = gen_binary (MULT, mode, 
				    (code == MINUS 
				     ? gen_unary (NEG, mode, mode, op1) : op1),
				    const_true_rtx);
	      return cond0;
	    }
	}

      /* Similarly for MULT, AND and UMIN, execpt that for these the result
	 is always zero.  */
      if ((STORE_FLAG_VALUE == 1 || STORE_FLAG_VALUE == -1)
	  && (code == MULT || code == AND || code == UMIN)
	  && GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 0)) == MULT && GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 1)) == MULT)
	{
	  cond0 = XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 0);
	  cond1 = XEXP (XEXP (x, 1), 0);

	  if (GET_RTX_CLASS (GET_CODE (cond0)) == '<'
	      && GET_RTX_CLASS (GET_CODE (cond1)) == '<'
	      && reversible_comparison_p (cond1)
	      && ((GET_CODE (cond0) == reverse_condition (GET_CODE (cond1))
		   && rtx_equal_p (XEXP (cond0, 0), XEXP (cond1, 0))
		   && rtx_equal_p (XEXP (cond0, 1), XEXP (cond1, 1)))
		  || ((swap_condition (GET_CODE (cond0))
		       == reverse_condition (GET_CODE (cond1)))
		      && rtx_equal_p (XEXP (cond0, 0), XEXP (cond1, 1))
		      && rtx_equal_p (XEXP (cond0, 1), XEXP (cond1, 0))))
	      && ! side_effects_p (x))
	    {
	      *ptrue = *pfalse = const0_rtx;
	      return cond0;
	    }
	}
    }

  else if (code == IF_THEN_ELSE)
    {
      /* If we have IF_THEN_ELSE already, extract the condition and
	 canonicalize it if it is NE or EQ.  */
      cond0 = XEXP (x, 0);
      *ptrue = XEXP (x, 1), *pfalse = XEXP (x, 2);
      if (GET_CODE (cond0) == NE && XEXP (cond0, 1) == const0_rtx)
	return XEXP (cond0, 0);
      else if (GET_CODE (cond0) == EQ && XEXP (cond0, 1) == const0_rtx)
	{
	  *ptrue = XEXP (x, 2), *pfalse = XEXP (x, 1);
	  return XEXP (cond0, 0);
	}
      else
	return cond0;
    }

  /* If X is a normal SUBREG with both inner and outer modes integral,
     we can narrow both the true and false values of the inner expression,
     if there is a condition.  */
  else if (code == SUBREG && GET_MODE_CLASS (mode) == MODE_INT
	   && GET_MODE_CLASS (GET_MODE (SUBREG_REG (x))) == MODE_INT
	   && GET_MODE_SIZE (mode) <= GET_MODE_SIZE (GET_MODE (SUBREG_REG (x)))
	   && 0 != (cond0 = if_then_else_cond (SUBREG_REG (x),
					       &true0, &false0)))
    {
      *ptrue = force_to_mode (true0, mode, GET_MODE_MASK (mode), NULL_RTX, 0);
      *pfalse
	= force_to_mode (false0, mode, GET_MODE_MASK (mode), NULL_RTX, 0);

      return cond0;
    }

  /* If X is a constant, this isn't special and will cause confusions
     if we treat it as such.  Likewise if it is equivalent to a constant.  */
  else if (CONSTANT_P (x)
	   || ((cond0 = get_last_value (x)) != 0 && CONSTANT_P (cond0)))
    ;

  /* If X is known to be either 0 or -1, those are the true and 
     false values when testing X.  */
  else if (num_sign_bit_copies (x, mode) == size)
    {
      *ptrue = constm1_rtx, *pfalse = const0_rtx;
      return x;
    }

  /* Likewise for 0 or a single bit.  */
  else if (exact_log2 (nz = nonzero_bits (x, mode)) >= 0)
    {
      *ptrue = GEN_INT (nz), *pfalse = const0_rtx;
      return x;
    }

  /* Otherwise fail; show no condition with true and false values the same.  */
  *ptrue = *pfalse = x;
  return 0;
}

/* Return the value of expression X given the fact that condition COND
   is known to be true when applied to REG as its first operand and VAL
   as its second.  X is known to not be shared and so can be modified in
   place.

   We only handle the simplest cases, and specifically those cases that
   arise with IF_THEN_ELSE expressions.  */

static rtx
known_cond (x, cond, reg, val)
     rtx x;
     enum rtx_code cond;
     rtx reg, val;
{
  enum rtx_code code = GET_CODE (x);
  rtx temp;
  char *fmt;
  int i, j;

  if (side_effects_p (x))
    return x;

  if (cond == EQ && rtx_equal_p (x, reg))
    return val;

  /* If X is (abs REG) and we know something about REG's relationship
     with zero, we may be able to simplify this.  */

  if (code == ABS && rtx_equal_p (XEXP (x, 0), reg) && val == const0_rtx)
    switch (cond)
      {
      case GE:  case GT:  case EQ:
	return XEXP (x, 0);
      case LT:  case LE:
	return gen_unary (NEG, GET_MODE (XEXP (x, 0)), GET_MODE (XEXP (x, 0)),
			  XEXP (x, 0));
      default:
	break;
      }

  /* The only other cases we handle are MIN, MAX, and comparisons if the
     operands are the same as REG and VAL.  */

  else if (GET_RTX_CLASS (code) == '<' || GET_RTX_CLASS (code) == 'c')
    {
      if (rtx_equal_p (XEXP (x, 0), val))
	cond = swap_condition (cond), temp = val, val = reg, reg = temp;

      if (rtx_equal_p (XEXP (x, 0), reg) && rtx_equal_p (XEXP (x, 1), val))
	{
	  if (GET_RTX_CLASS (code) == '<')
	    return (comparison_dominates_p (cond, code) ? const_true_rtx
		    : (comparison_dominates_p (cond,
					       reverse_condition (code))
		       ? const0_rtx : x));

	  else if (code == SMAX || code == SMIN
		   || code == UMIN || code == UMAX)
	    {
	      int unsignedp = (code == UMIN || code == UMAX);

	      if (code == SMAX || code == UMAX)
		cond = reverse_condition (cond);

	      switch (cond)
		{
		case GE:   case GT:
		  return unsignedp ? x : XEXP (x, 1);
		case LE:   case LT:
		  return unsignedp ? x : XEXP (x, 0);
		case GEU:  case GTU:
		  return unsignedp ? XEXP (x, 1) : x;
		case LEU:  case LTU:
		  return unsignedp ? XEXP (x, 0) : x;
		default:
		  break;
		}
	    }
	}
    }

  fmt = GET_RTX_FORMAT (code);
  for (i = GET_RTX_LENGTH (code) - 1; i >= 0; i--)
    {
      if (fmt[i] == 'e')
	SUBST (XEXP (x, i), known_cond (XEXP (x, i), cond, reg, val));
      else if (fmt[i] == 'E')
	for (j = XVECLEN (x, i) - 1; j >= 0; j--)
	  SUBST (XVECEXP (x, i, j), known_cond (XVECEXP (x, i, j),
						cond, reg, val));
    }

  return x;
}

/* See if X and Y are equal for the purposes of seeing if we can rewrite an
   assignment as a field assignment.  */

static int
rtx_equal_for_field_assignment_p (x, y)
     rtx x;
     rtx y;
{
  if (x == y || rtx_equal_p (x, y))
    return 1;

  if (x == 0 || y == 0 || GET_MODE (x) != GET_MODE (y))
    return 0;

  /* Check for a paradoxical SUBREG of a MEM compared with the MEM.
     Note that all SUBREGs of MEM are paradoxical; otherwise they
     would have been rewritten.  */
  if (GET_CODE (x) == MEM && GET_CODE (y) == SUBREG
      && GET_CODE (SUBREG_REG (y)) == MEM
      && rtx_equal_p (SUBREG_REG (y),
		      gen_lowpart_for_combine (GET_MODE (SUBREG_REG (y)), x)))
    return 1;

  if (GET_CODE (y) == MEM && GET_CODE (x) == SUBREG
      && GET_CODE (SUBREG_REG (x)) == MEM
      && rtx_equal_p (SUBREG_REG (x),
		      gen_lowpart_for_combine (GET_MODE (SUBREG_REG (x)), y)))
    return 1;

  /* We used to see if get_last_value of X and Y were the same but that's
     not correct.  In one direction, we'll cause the assignment to have
     the wrong destination and in the case, we'll import a register into this
     insn that might have already have been dead.   So fail if none of the
     above cases are true.  */
  return 0;
}

/* See if X, a SET operation, can be rewritten as a bit-field assignment.
   Return that assignment if so.

   We only handle the most common cases.  */

static rtx
make_field_assignment (x)
     rtx x;
{
  rtx dest = SET_DEST (x);
  rtx src = SET_SRC (x);
  rtx assign;
  rtx rhs, lhs;
  HOST_WIDE_INT c1;
  int pos, len;
  rtx other;
  enum machine_mode mode;

  /* If SRC was (and (not (ashift (const_int 1) POS)) DEST), this is
     a clear of a one-bit field.  We will have changed it to
     (and (rotate (const_int -2) POS) DEST), so check for that.  Also check
     for a SUBREG.  */

  if (GET_CODE (src) == AND && GET_CODE (XEXP (src, 0)) == ROTATE
      && GET_CODE (XEXP (XEXP (src, 0), 0)) == CONST_INT
      && INTVAL (XEXP (XEXP (src, 0), 0)) == -2
      && rtx_equal_for_field_assignment_p (dest, XEXP (src, 1)))
    {
      assign = make_extraction (VOIDmode, dest, 0, XEXP (XEXP (src, 0), 1),
				1, 1, 1, 0);
      if (assign != 0)
	return gen_rtx_SET (VOIDmode, assign, const0_rtx);
      return x;
    }

  else if (GET_CODE (src) == AND && GET_CODE (XEXP (src, 0)) == SUBREG
	   && subreg_lowpart_p (XEXP (src, 0))
	   && (GET_MODE_SIZE (GET_MODE (XEXP (src, 0))) 
	       < GET_MODE_SIZE (GET_MODE (SUBREG_REG (XEXP (src, 0)))))
	   && GET_CODE (SUBREG_REG (XEXP (src, 0))) == ROTATE
	   && INTVAL (XEXP (SUBREG_REG (XEXP (src, 0)), 0)) == -2
	   && rtx_equal_for_field_assignment_p (dest, XEXP (src, 1)))
    {
      assign = make_extraction (VOIDmode, dest, 0,
				XEXP (SUBREG_REG (XEXP (src, 0)), 1),
				1, 1, 1, 0);
      if (assign != 0)
	return gen_rtx_SET (VOIDmode, assign, const0_rtx);
      return x;
    }

  /* If SRC is (ior (ashift (const_int 1) POS) DEST), this is a set of a
     one-bit field.  */
  else if (GET_CODE (src) == IOR && GET_CODE (XEXP (src, 0)) == ASHIFT
	   && XEXP (XEXP (src, 0), 0) == const1_rtx
	   && rtx_equal_for_field_assignment_p (dest, XEXP (src, 1)))
    {
      assign = make_extraction (VOIDmode, dest, 0, XEXP (XEXP (src, 0), 1),
				1, 1, 1, 0);
      if (assign != 0)
	return gen_rtx_SET (VOIDmode, assign, const1_rtx);
      return x;
    }

  /* The other case we handle is assignments into a constant-position
     field.  They look like (ior/xor (and DEST C1) OTHER).  If C1 represents
     a mask that has all one bits except for a group of zero bits and
     OTHER is known to have zeros where C1 has ones, this is such an
     assignment.  Compute the position and length from C1.  Shift OTHER
     to the appropriate position, force it to the required mode, and
     make the extraction.  Check for the AND in both operands.  */

  if (GET_CODE (src) != IOR && GET_CODE (src) != XOR)
    return x;

  rhs = expand_compound_operation (XEXP (src, 0));
  lhs = expand_compound_operation (XEXP (src, 1));

  if (GET_CODE (rhs) == AND
      && GET_CODE (XEXP (rhs, 1)) == CONST_INT
      && rtx_equal_for_field_assignment_p (XEXP (rhs, 0), dest))
    c1 = INTVAL (XEXP (rhs, 1)), other = lhs;
  else if (GET_CODE (lhs) == AND
	   && GET_CODE (XEXP (lhs, 1)) == CONST_INT
	   && rtx_equal_for_field_assignment_p (XEXP (lhs, 0), dest))
    c1 = INTVAL (XEXP (lhs, 1)), other = rhs;
  else
    return x;

  pos = get_pos_from_mask ((~ c1) & GET_MODE_MASK (GET_MODE (dest)), &len);
  if (pos < 0 || pos + len > GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (dest))
      || GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (dest)) > HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT
      || (c1 & nonzero_bits (other, GET_MODE (dest))) != 0)
    return x;

  assign = make_extraction (VOIDmode, dest, pos, NULL_RTX, len, 1, 1, 0);
  if (assign == 0)
    return x;

  /* The mode to use for the source is the mode of the assignment, or of
     what is inside a possible STRICT_LOW_PART.  */
  mode = (GET_CODE (assign) == STRICT_LOW_PART 
	  ? GET_MODE (XEXP (assign, 0)) : GET_MODE (assign));

  /* Shift OTHER right POS places and make it the source, restricting it
     to the proper length and mode.  */

  src = force_to_mode (simplify_shift_const (NULL_RTX, LSHIFTRT,
					     GET_MODE (src), other, pos),
		       mode,
		       GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode) >= HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT
		       ? GET_MODE_MASK (mode)
		       : ((HOST_WIDE_INT) 1 << len) - 1,
		       dest, 0);

  return gen_rtx_combine (SET, VOIDmode, assign, src);
}

/* See if X is of the form (+ (* a c) (* b c)) and convert to (* (+ a b) c)
   if so.  */

static rtx
apply_distributive_law (x)
     rtx x;
{
  enum rtx_code code = GET_CODE (x);
  rtx lhs, rhs, other;
  rtx tem;
  enum rtx_code inner_code;

  /* Distributivity is not true for floating point.
     It can change the value.  So don't do it.
     -- rms and moshier@world.std.com.  */
  if (FLOAT_MODE_P (GET_MODE (x)))
    return x;

  /* The outer operation can only be one of the following:  */
  if (code != IOR && code != AND && code != XOR
      && code != PLUS && code != MINUS)
    return x;

  lhs = XEXP (x, 0), rhs = XEXP (x, 1);

  /* If either operand is a primitive we can't do anything, so get out
     fast.  */
  if (GET_RTX_CLASS (GET_CODE (lhs)) == 'o'
      || GET_RTX_CLASS (GET_CODE (rhs)) == 'o')
    return x;

  lhs = expand_compound_operation (lhs);
  rhs = expand_compound_operation (rhs);
  inner_code = GET_CODE (lhs);
  if (inner_code != GET_CODE (rhs))
    return x;

  /* See if the inner and outer operations distribute.  */
  switch (inner_code)
    {
    case LSHIFTRT:
    case ASHIFTRT:
    case AND:
    case IOR:
      /* These all distribute except over PLUS.  */
      if (code == PLUS || code == MINUS)
	return x;
      break;

    case MULT:
      if (code != PLUS && code != MINUS)
	return x;
      break;

    case ASHIFT:
      /* This is also a multiply, so it distributes over everything.  */
      break;

    case SUBREG:
      /* Non-paradoxical SUBREGs distributes over all operations, provided
	 the inner modes and word numbers are the same, this is an extraction
	 of a low-order part, we don't convert an fp operation to int or
	 vice versa, and we would not be converting a single-word
	 operation into a multi-word operation.  The latter test is not
	 required, but it prevents generating unneeded multi-word operations.
	 Some of the previous tests are redundant given the latter test, but
	 are retained because they are required for correctness.

	 We produce the result slightly differently in this case.  */

      if (GET_MODE (SUBREG_REG (lhs)) != GET_MODE (SUBREG_REG (rhs))
	  || SUBREG_WORD (lhs) != SUBREG_WORD (rhs)
	  || ! subreg_lowpart_p (lhs)
	  || (GET_MODE_CLASS (GET_MODE (lhs))
	      != GET_MODE_CLASS (GET_MODE (SUBREG_REG (lhs))))
	  || (GET_MODE_SIZE (GET_MODE (lhs))
	      > GET_MODE_SIZE (GET_MODE (SUBREG_REG (lhs))))
	  || GET_MODE_SIZE (GET_MODE (SUBREG_REG (lhs))) > UNITS_PER_WORD)
	return x;

      tem = gen_binary (code, GET_MODE (SUBREG_REG (lhs)),
			SUBREG_REG (lhs), SUBREG_REG (rhs));
      return gen_lowpart_for_combine (GET_MODE (x), tem);

    default:
      return x;
    }

  /* Set LHS and RHS to the inner operands (A and B in the example
     above) and set OTHER to the common operand (C in the example).
     These is only one way to do this unless the inner operation is
     commutative.  */
  if (GET_RTX_CLASS (inner_code) == 'c'
      && rtx_equal_p (XEXP (lhs, 0), XEXP (rhs, 0)))
    other = XEXP (lhs, 0), lhs = XEXP (lhs, 1), rhs = XEXP (rhs, 1);
  else if (GET_RTX_CLASS (inner_code) == 'c'
	   && rtx_equal_p (XEXP (lhs, 0), XEXP (rhs, 1)))
    other = XEXP (lhs, 0), lhs = XEXP (lhs, 1), rhs = XEXP (rhs, 0);
  else if (GET_RTX_CLASS (inner_code) == 'c'
	   && rtx_equal_p (XEXP (lhs, 1), XEXP (rhs, 0)))
    other = XEXP (lhs, 1), lhs = XEXP (lhs, 0), rhs = XEXP (rhs, 1);
  else if (rtx_equal_p (XEXP (lhs, 1), XEXP (rhs, 1)))
    other = XEXP (lhs, 1), lhs = XEXP (lhs, 0), rhs = XEXP (rhs, 0);
  else
    return x;

  /* Form the new inner operation, seeing if it simplifies first.  */
  tem = gen_binary (code, GET_MODE (x), lhs, rhs);

  /* There is one exception to the general way of distributing:
     (a ^ b) | (a ^ c) -> (~a) & (b ^ c)  */
  if (code == XOR && inner_code == IOR)
    {
      inner_code = AND;
      other = gen_unary (NOT, GET_MODE (x), GET_MODE (x), other);
    }

  /* We may be able to continuing distributing the result, so call
     ourselves recursively on the inner operation before forming the
     outer operation, which we return.  */
  return gen_binary (inner_code, GET_MODE (x),
		     apply_distributive_law (tem), other);
}

/* We have X, a logical `and' of VAROP with the constant CONSTOP, to be done
   in MODE.

   Return an equivalent form, if different from X.  Otherwise, return X.  If
   X is zero, we are to always construct the equivalent form.  */

static rtx
simplify_and_const_int (x, mode, varop, constop)
     rtx x;
     enum machine_mode mode;
     rtx varop;
     unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT constop;
{
  unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT nonzero;
  int width = GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode);
  int i;

  /* Simplify VAROP knowing that we will be only looking at some of the
     bits in it.  */
  varop = force_to_mode (varop, mode, constop, NULL_RTX, 0);

  /* If VAROP is a CLOBBER, we will fail so return it; if it is a
     CONST_INT, we are done.  */
  if (GET_CODE (varop) == CLOBBER || GET_CODE (varop) == CONST_INT)
    return varop;

  /* See what bits may be nonzero in VAROP.  Unlike the general case of
     a call to nonzero_bits, here we don't care about bits outside
     MODE.  */

  nonzero = nonzero_bits (varop, mode) & GET_MODE_MASK (mode);

  /* If this would be an entire word for the target, but is not for
     the host, then sign-extend on the host so that the number will look
     the same way on the host that it would on the target.

     For example, when building a 64 bit alpha hosted 32 bit sparc
     targeted compiler, then we want the 32 bit unsigned value -1 to be
     represented as a 64 bit value -1, and not as 0x00000000ffffffff.
     The later confuses the sparc backend.  */

  if (BITS_PER_WORD < HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT && BITS_PER_WORD == width
      && (nonzero & ((HOST_WIDE_INT) 1 << (width - 1))))
    nonzero |= ((HOST_WIDE_INT) (-1) << width);

  /* Turn off all bits in the constant that are known to already be zero.
     Thus, if the AND isn't needed at all, we will have CONSTOP == NONZERO_BITS
     which is tested below.  */

  constop &= nonzero;

  /* If we don't have any bits left, return zero.  */
  if (constop == 0)
    return const0_rtx;

  /* If VAROP is a NEG of something known to be zero or 1 and CONSTOP is
     a power of two, we can replace this with a ASHIFT.  */
  if (GET_CODE (varop) == NEG && nonzero_bits (XEXP (varop, 0), mode) == 1
      && (i = exact_log2 (constop)) >= 0)
    return simplify_shift_const (NULL_RTX, ASHIFT, mode, XEXP (varop, 0), i);
				 
  /* If VAROP is an IOR or XOR, apply the AND to both branches of the IOR
     or XOR, then try to apply the distributive law.  This may eliminate
     operations if either branch can be simplified because of the AND.
     It may also make some cases more complex, but those cases probably
     won't match a pattern either with or without this.  */

  if (GET_CODE (varop) == IOR || GET_CODE (varop) == XOR)
    return
      gen_lowpart_for_combine
	(mode,
	 apply_distributive_law
	 (gen_binary (GET_CODE (varop), GET_MODE (varop),
		      simplify_and_const_int (NULL_RTX, GET_MODE (varop),
					      XEXP (varop, 0), constop),
		      simplify_and_const_int (NULL_RTX, GET_MODE (varop),
					      XEXP (varop, 1), constop))));

  /* Get VAROP in MODE.  Try to get a SUBREG if not.  Don't make a new SUBREG
     if we already had one (just check for the simplest cases).  */
  if (x && GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 0)) == SUBREG
      && GET_MODE (XEXP (x, 0)) == mode
      && SUBREG_REG (XEXP (x, 0)) == varop)
    varop = XEXP (x, 0);
  else
    varop = gen_lowpart_for_combine (mode, varop);

  /* If we can't make the SUBREG, try to return what we were given.  */
  if (GET_CODE (varop) == CLOBBER)
    return x ? x : varop;

  /* If we are only masking insignificant bits, return VAROP.  */
  if (constop == nonzero)
    x = varop;

  /* Otherwise, return an AND.  See how much, if any, of X we can use.  */
  else if (x == 0 || GET_CODE (x) != AND || GET_MODE (x) != mode)
    x = gen_binary (AND, mode, varop, GEN_INT (constop));

  else
    {
      if (GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 1)) != CONST_INT
	  || (unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT) INTVAL (XEXP (x, 1)) != constop)
	SUBST (XEXP (x, 1), GEN_INT (constop));

      SUBST (XEXP (x, 0), varop);
    }

  return x;
}

/* We let num_sign_bit_copies recur into nonzero_bits as that is useful.
   We don't let nonzero_bits recur into num_sign_bit_copies, because that
   is less useful.  We can't allow both, because that results in exponential
   run time recursion.  There is a nullstone testcase that triggered
   this.  This macro avoids accidental uses of num_sign_bit_copies.  */
#define num_sign_bit_copies()

/* Given an expression, X, compute which bits in X can be non-zero.
   We don't care about bits outside of those defined in MODE.

   For most X this is simply GET_MODE_MASK (GET_MODE (MODE)), but if X is
   a shift, AND, or zero_extract, we can do better.  */

static unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT
nonzero_bits (x, mode)
     rtx x;
     enum machine_mode mode;
{
  unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT nonzero = GET_MODE_MASK (mode);
  unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT inner_nz;
  enum rtx_code code;
  int mode_width = GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode);
  rtx tem;

  /* For floating-point values, assume all bits are needed.  */
  if (FLOAT_MODE_P (GET_MODE (x)) || FLOAT_MODE_P (mode))
    return nonzero;

  /* If X is wider than MODE, use its mode instead.  */
  if (GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (x)) > mode_width)
    {
      mode = GET_MODE (x);
      nonzero = GET_MODE_MASK (mode);
      mode_width = GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode);
    }

  if (mode_width > HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT)
    /* Our only callers in this case look for single bit values.  So
       just return the mode mask.  Those tests will then be false.  */
    return nonzero;

#ifndef WORD_REGISTER_OPERATIONS
  /* If MODE is wider than X, but both are a single word for both the host
     and target machines, we can compute this from which bits of the 
     object might be nonzero in its own mode, taking into account the fact
     that on many CISC machines, accessing an object in a wider mode
     causes the high-order bits to become undefined.  So they are
     not known to be zero.  */

  if (GET_MODE (x) != VOIDmode && GET_MODE (x) != mode
      && GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (x)) <= BITS_PER_WORD
      && GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (x)) <= HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT
      && GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode) > GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (x)))
    {
      nonzero &= nonzero_bits (x, GET_MODE (x));
      nonzero |= GET_MODE_MASK (mode) & ~ GET_MODE_MASK (GET_MODE (x));
      return nonzero;
    }
#endif

  code = GET_CODE (x);
  switch (code)
    {
    case REG:
#ifdef POINTERS_EXTEND_UNSIGNED
      /* If pointers extend unsigned and this is a pointer in Pmode, say that
	 all the bits above ptr_mode are known to be zero.  */
      if (POINTERS_EXTEND_UNSIGNED && GET_MODE (x) == Pmode
	  && REGNO_POINTER_FLAG (REGNO (x)))
	nonzero &= GET_MODE_MASK (ptr_mode);
#endif

#ifdef STACK_BOUNDARY
      /* If this is the stack pointer, we may know something about its
	 alignment.  If PUSH_ROUNDING is defined, it is possible for the
	 stack to be momentarily aligned only to that amount, so we pick
	 the least alignment.  */

      /* We can't check for arg_pointer_rtx here, because it is not
	 guaranteed to have as much alignment as the stack pointer.
	 In particular, in the Irix6 n64 ABI, the stack has 128 bit
	 alignment but the argument pointer has only 64 bit alignment.  */

      if ((x == frame_pointer_rtx
	   || x == stack_pointer_rtx
	   || x == hard_frame_pointer_rtx
	   || (REGNO (x) >= FIRST_VIRTUAL_REGISTER
	       && REGNO (x) <= LAST_VIRTUAL_REGISTER))
#ifdef STACK_BIAS
	  && !STACK_BIAS
#endif	      
	      )
	{
	  int sp_alignment = STACK_BOUNDARY / BITS_PER_UNIT;

#ifdef PUSH_ROUNDING
	  if (REGNO (x) == STACK_POINTER_REGNUM)
	    sp_alignment = MIN (PUSH_ROUNDING (1), sp_alignment);
#endif

	  /* We must return here, otherwise we may get a worse result from
	     one of the choices below.  There is nothing useful below as
	     far as the stack pointer is concerned.  */
	  return nonzero &= ~ (sp_alignment - 1);
	}
#endif

      /* If X is a register whose nonzero bits value is current, use it.
	 Otherwise, if X is a register whose value we can find, use that
	 value.  Otherwise, use the previously-computed global nonzero bits
	 for this register.  */

      if (reg_last_set_value[REGNO (x)] != 0
	  && reg_last_set_mode[REGNO (x)] == mode
	  && (REG_N_SETS (REGNO (x)) == 1
	      || reg_last_set_label[REGNO (x)] == label_tick)
	  && INSN_CUID (reg_last_set[REGNO (x)]) < subst_low_cuid)
	return reg_last_set_nonzero_bits[REGNO (x)];

      tem = get_last_value (x);

      if (tem)
	{
#ifdef SHORT_IMMEDIATES_SIGN_EXTEND
	  /* If X is narrower than MODE and TEM is a non-negative
	     constant that would appear negative in the mode of X,
	     sign-extend it for use in reg_nonzero_bits because some
	     machines (maybe most) will actually do the sign-extension
	     and this is the conservative approach. 

	     ??? For 2.5, try to tighten up the MD files in this regard
	     instead of this kludge.  */

	  if (GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (x)) < mode_width
	      && GET_CODE (tem) == CONST_INT
	      && INTVAL (tem) > 0
	      && 0 != (INTVAL (tem)
		       & ((HOST_WIDE_INT) 1
			  << (GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (x)) - 1))))
	    tem = GEN_INT (INTVAL (tem)
			   | ((HOST_WIDE_INT) (-1)
			      << GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (x))));
#endif
	  return nonzero_bits (tem, mode);
	}
      else if (nonzero_sign_valid && reg_nonzero_bits[REGNO (x)])
	return reg_nonzero_bits[REGNO (x)] & nonzero;
      else
	return nonzero;

    case CONST_INT:
#ifdef SHORT_IMMEDIATES_SIGN_EXTEND
      /* If X is negative in MODE, sign-extend the value.  */
      if (INTVAL (x) > 0 && mode_width < BITS_PER_WORD
	  && 0 != (INTVAL (x) & ((HOST_WIDE_INT) 1 << (mode_width - 1))))
	return (INTVAL (x) | ((HOST_WIDE_INT) (-1) << mode_width));
#endif

      return INTVAL (x);

    case MEM:
#ifdef LOAD_EXTEND_OP
      /* In many, if not most, RISC machines, reading a byte from memory
	 zeros the rest of the register.  Noticing that fact saves a lot
	 of extra zero-extends.  */
      if (LOAD_EXTEND_OP (GET_MODE (x)) == ZERO_EXTEND)
	nonzero &= GET_MODE_MASK (GET_MODE (x));
#endif
      break;

    case EQ:  case NE:
    case GT:  case GTU:
    case LT:  case LTU:
    case GE:  case GEU:
    case LE:  case LEU:

      /* If this produces an integer result, we know which bits are set.
	 Code here used to clear bits outside the mode of X, but that is
	 now done above.  */

      if (GET_MODE_CLASS (mode) == MODE_INT
	  && mode_width <= HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT)
	nonzero = STORE_FLAG_VALUE;
      break;

    case NEG:
#if 0
      /* Disabled to avoid exponential mutual recursion between nonzero_bits
	 and num_sign_bit_copies.  */
      if (num_sign_bit_copies (XEXP (x, 0), GET_MODE (x))
	  == GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (x)))
	nonzero = 1;
#endif

      if (GET_MODE_SIZE (GET_MODE (x)) < mode_width)
	nonzero |= (GET_MODE_MASK (mode) & ~ GET_MODE_MASK (GET_MODE (x)));
      break;

    case ABS:
#if 0
      /* Disabled to avoid exponential mutual recursion between nonzero_bits
	 and num_sign_bit_copies.  */
      if (num_sign_bit_copies (XEXP (x, 0), GET_MODE (x))
	  == GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (x)))
	nonzero = 1;
#endif
      break;

    case TRUNCATE:
      nonzero &= (nonzero_bits (XEXP (x, 0), mode) & GET_MODE_MASK (mode));
      break;

    case ZERO_EXTEND:
      nonzero &= nonzero_bits (XEXP (x, 0), mode);
      if (GET_MODE (XEXP (x, 0)) != VOIDmode)
	nonzero &= GET_MODE_MASK (GET_MODE (XEXP (x, 0)));
      break;

    case SIGN_EXTEND:
      /* If the sign bit is known clear, this is the same as ZERO_EXTEND.
	 Otherwise, show all the bits in the outer mode but not the inner
	 may be non-zero.  */
      inner_nz = nonzero_bits (XEXP (x, 0), mode);
      if (GET_MODE (XEXP (x, 0)) != VOIDmode)
	{
	  inner_nz &= GET_MODE_MASK (GET_MODE (XEXP (x, 0)));
	  if (inner_nz
	      & (((HOST_WIDE_INT) 1
		  << (GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (XEXP (x, 0))) - 1))))
	    inner_nz |= (GET_MODE_MASK (mode)
			  & ~ GET_MODE_MASK (GET_MODE (XEXP (x, 0))));
	}

      nonzero &= inner_nz;
      break;

    case AND:
      nonzero &= (nonzero_bits (XEXP (x, 0), mode)
		  & nonzero_bits (XEXP (x, 1), mode));
      break;

    case XOR:   case IOR:
    case UMIN:  case UMAX:  case SMIN:  case SMAX:
      nonzero &= (nonzero_bits (XEXP (x, 0), mode)
		  | nonzero_bits (XEXP (x, 1), mode));
      break;

    case PLUS:  case MINUS:
    case MULT:
    case DIV:   case UDIV:
    case MOD:   case UMOD:
      /* We can apply the rules of arithmetic to compute the number of
	 high- and low-order zero bits of these operations.  We start by
	 computing the width (position of the highest-order non-zero bit)
	 and the number of low-order zero bits for each value.  */
      {
	unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT nz0 = nonzero_bits (XEXP (x, 0), mode);
	unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT nz1 = nonzero_bits (XEXP (x, 1), mode);
	int width0 = floor_log2 (nz0) + 1;
	int width1 = floor_log2 (nz1) + 1;
	int low0 = floor_log2 (nz0 & -nz0);
	int low1 = floor_log2 (nz1 & -nz1);
	HOST_WIDE_INT op0_maybe_minusp
	  = (nz0 & ((HOST_WIDE_INT) 1 << (mode_width - 1)));
	HOST_WIDE_INT op1_maybe_minusp
	  = (nz1 & ((HOST_WIDE_INT) 1 << (mode_width - 1)));
	int result_width = mode_width;
	int result_low = 0;

	switch (code)
	  {
	  case PLUS:
#ifdef STACK_BIAS
	    if (STACK_BIAS
	        && (XEXP (x, 0) == stack_pointer_rtx
	            || XEXP (x, 0) == frame_pointer_rtx)
	        && GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 1)) == CONST_INT)
	      {
		int sp_alignment = STACK_BOUNDARY / BITS_PER_UNIT;

	        nz0 = (GET_MODE_MASK (mode) & ~ (sp_alignment - 1));
	        nz1 = INTVAL (XEXP (x, 1)) - STACK_BIAS;
	        width0 = floor_log2 (nz0) + 1;
	        width1 = floor_log2 (nz1) + 1;
	        low0 = floor_log2 (nz0 & -nz0);
	        low1 = floor_log2 (nz1 & -nz1);
	      }
#endif	  
	    result_width = MAX (width0, width1) + 1;
	    result_low = MIN (low0, low1);
	    break;
	  case MINUS:
	    result_low = MIN (low0, low1);
	    break;
	  case MULT:
	    result_width = width0 + width1;
	    result_low = low0 + low1;
	    break;
	  case DIV:
	    if (! op0_maybe_minusp && ! op1_maybe_minusp)
	      result_width = width0;
	    break;
	  case UDIV:
	    result_width = width0;
	    break;
	  case MOD:
	    if (! op0_maybe_minusp && ! op1_maybe_minusp)
	      result_width = MIN (width0, width1);
	    result_low = MIN (low0, low1);
	    break;
	  case UMOD:
	    result_width = MIN (width0, width1);
	    result_low = MIN (low0, low1);
	    break;
	  default:
	    abort ();
	  }

	if (result_width < mode_width)
	  nonzero &= ((HOST_WIDE_INT) 1 << result_width) - 1;

	if (result_low > 0)
	  nonzero &= ~ (((HOST_WIDE_INT) 1 << result_low) - 1);
      }
      break;

    case ZERO_EXTRACT:
      if (GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 1)) == CONST_INT
	  && INTVAL (XEXP (x, 1)) < HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT)
	nonzero &= ((HOST_WIDE_INT) 1 << INTVAL (XEXP (x, 1))) - 1;
      break;

    case SUBREG:
      /* If this is a SUBREG formed for a promoted variable that has
	 been zero-extended, we know that at least the high-order bits
	 are zero, though others might be too.  */

      if (SUBREG_PROMOTED_VAR_P (x) && SUBREG_PROMOTED_UNSIGNED_P (x))
	nonzero = (GET_MODE_MASK (GET_MODE (x))
		   & nonzero_bits (SUBREG_REG (x), GET_MODE (x)));

      /* If the inner mode is a single word for both the host and target
	 machines, we can compute this from which bits of the inner
	 object might be nonzero.  */
      if (GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (SUBREG_REG (x))) <= BITS_PER_WORD
	  && (GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (SUBREG_REG (x)))
	      <= HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT))
	{
	  nonzero &= nonzero_bits (SUBREG_REG (x), mode);

#if defined (WORD_REGISTER_OPERATIONS) && defined (LOAD_EXTEND_OP)
	  /* If this is a typical RISC machine, we only have to worry
	     about the way loads are extended.  */
	  if (LOAD_EXTEND_OP (GET_MODE (SUBREG_REG (x))) == SIGN_EXTEND
	      ? (nonzero
		 & (1L << (GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (SUBREG_REG (x))) - 1)))
	      : LOAD_EXTEND_OP (GET_MODE (SUBREG_REG (x))) != ZERO_EXTEND)
#endif
	    {
	      /* On many CISC machines, accessing an object in a wider mode
		 causes the high-order bits to become undefined.  So they are
		 not known to be zero.  */
	      if (GET_MODE_SIZE (GET_MODE (x))
		  > GET_MODE_SIZE (GET_MODE (SUBREG_REG (x))))
		nonzero |= (GET_MODE_MASK (GET_MODE (x))
			    & ~ GET_MODE_MASK (GET_MODE (SUBREG_REG (x))));
	    }
	}
      break;

    case ASHIFTRT:
    case LSHIFTRT:
    case ASHIFT:
    case ROTATE:
      /* The nonzero bits are in two classes: any bits within MODE
	 that aren't in GET_MODE (x) are always significant.  The rest of the
	 nonzero bits are those that are significant in the operand of
	 the shift when shifted the appropriate number of bits.  This
	 shows that high-order bits are cleared by the right shift and
	 low-order bits by left shifts.  */
      if (GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 1)) == CONST_INT
	  && INTVAL (XEXP (x, 1)) >= 0
	  && INTVAL (XEXP (x, 1)) < HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT)
	{
	  enum machine_mode inner_mode = GET_MODE (x);
	  int width = GET_MODE_BITSIZE (inner_mode);
	  int count = INTVAL (XEXP (x, 1));
	  unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT mode_mask = GET_MODE_MASK (inner_mode);
	  unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT op_nonzero = nonzero_bits (XEXP (x, 0), mode);
	  unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT inner = op_nonzero & mode_mask;
	  unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT outer = 0;

	  if (mode_width > width)
	    outer = (op_nonzero & nonzero & ~ mode_mask);

	  if (code == LSHIFTRT)
	    inner >>= count;
	  else if (code == ASHIFTRT)
	    {
	      inner >>= count;

	      /* If the sign bit may have been nonzero before the shift, we
		 need to mark all the places it could have been copied to
		 by the shift as possibly nonzero.  */
	      if (inner & ((HOST_WIDE_INT) 1 << (width - 1 - count)))
		inner |= (((HOST_WIDE_INT) 1 << count) - 1) << (width - count);
	    }
	  else if (code == ASHIFT)
	    inner <<= count;
	  else
	    inner = ((inner << (count % width)
		      | (inner >> (width - (count % width)))) & mode_mask);

	  nonzero &= (outer | inner);
	}
      break;

    case FFS:
      /* This is at most the number of bits in the mode.  */
      nonzero = ((HOST_WIDE_INT) 1 << (floor_log2 (mode_width) + 1)) - 1;
      break;

    case IF_THEN_ELSE:
      nonzero &= (nonzero_bits (XEXP (x, 1), mode)
		  | nonzero_bits (XEXP (x, 2), mode));
      break;
      
    default:
      break;
    }

  return nonzero;
}

/* See the macro definition above.  */
#undef num_sign_bit_copies

/* Return the number of bits at the high-order end of X that are known to
   be equal to the sign bit.  X will be used in mode MODE; if MODE is
   VOIDmode, X will be used in its own mode.  The returned value  will always
   be between 1 and the number of bits in MODE.  */

static int
num_sign_bit_copies (x, mode)
     rtx x;
     enum machine_mode mode;
{
  enum rtx_code code = GET_CODE (x);
  int bitwidth;
  int num0, num1, result;
  unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT nonzero;
  rtx tem;

  /* If we weren't given a mode, use the mode of X.  If the mode is still
     VOIDmode, we don't know anything.  Likewise if one of the modes is
     floating-point.  */

  if (mode == VOIDmode)
    mode = GET_MODE (x);

  if (mode == VOIDmode || FLOAT_MODE_P (mode) || FLOAT_MODE_P (GET_MODE (x)))
    return 1;

  bitwidth = GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode);

  /* For a smaller object, just ignore the high bits.  */
  if (bitwidth < GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (x)))
    return MAX (1, (num_sign_bit_copies (x, GET_MODE (x))
		    - (GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (x)) - bitwidth)));
     
  if (GET_MODE (x) != VOIDmode && bitwidth > GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (x)))
    {
#ifndef WORD_REGISTER_OPERATIONS
  /* If this machine does not do all register operations on the entire
     register and MODE is wider than the mode of X, we can say nothing
     at all about the high-order bits.  */
      return 1;
#else
      /* Likewise on machines that do, if the mode of the object is smaller
	 than a word and loads of that size don't sign extend, we can say
	 nothing about the high order bits.  */
      if (GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (x)) < BITS_PER_WORD
#ifdef LOAD_EXTEND_OP
	  && LOAD_EXTEND_OP (GET_MODE (x)) != SIGN_EXTEND
#endif
	  )
	return 1;
#endif
    }

  switch (code)
    {
    case REG:

#ifdef POINTERS_EXTEND_UNSIGNED
      /* If pointers extend signed and this is a pointer in Pmode, say that
	 all the bits above ptr_mode are known to be sign bit copies.  */
      if (! POINTERS_EXTEND_UNSIGNED && GET_MODE (x) == Pmode && mode == Pmode
	  && REGNO_POINTER_FLAG (REGNO (x)))
	return GET_MODE_BITSIZE (Pmode) - GET_MODE_BITSIZE (ptr_mode) + 1;
#endif

      if (reg_last_set_value[REGNO (x)] != 0
	  && reg_last_set_mode[REGNO (x)] == mode
	  && (REG_N_SETS (REGNO (x)) == 1
	      || reg_last_set_label[REGNO (x)] == label_tick)
	  && INSN_CUID (reg_last_set[REGNO (x)]) < subst_low_cuid)
	return reg_last_set_sign_bit_copies[REGNO (x)];

      tem =  get_last_value (x);
      if (tem != 0)
	return num_sign_bit_copies (tem, mode);

      if (nonzero_sign_valid && reg_sign_bit_copies[REGNO (x)] != 0)
	return reg_sign_bit_copies[REGNO (x)];
      break;

    case MEM:
#ifdef LOAD_EXTEND_OP
      /* Some RISC machines sign-extend all loads of smaller than a word.  */
      if (LOAD_EXTEND_OP (GET_MODE (x)) == SIGN_EXTEND)
	return MAX (1, bitwidth - GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (x)) + 1);
#endif
      break;

    case CONST_INT:
      /* If the constant is negative, take its 1's complement and remask.
	 Then see how many zero bits we have.  */
      nonzero = INTVAL (x) & GET_MODE_MASK (mode);
      if (bitwidth <= HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT
	  && (nonzero & ((HOST_WIDE_INT) 1 << (bitwidth - 1))) != 0)
	nonzero = (~ nonzero) & GET_MODE_MASK (mode);

      return (nonzero == 0 ? bitwidth : bitwidth - floor_log2 (nonzero) - 1);

    case SUBREG:
      /* If this is a SUBREG for a promoted object that is sign-extended
	 and we are looking at it in a wider mode, we know that at least the
	 high-order bits are known to be sign bit copies.  */

      if (SUBREG_PROMOTED_VAR_P (x) && ! SUBREG_PROMOTED_UNSIGNED_P (x))
	return MAX (bitwidth - GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (x)) + 1,
		    num_sign_bit_copies (SUBREG_REG (x), mode));

      /* For a smaller object, just ignore the high bits.  */
      if (bitwidth <= GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (SUBREG_REG (x))))
	{
	  num0 = num_sign_bit_copies (SUBREG_REG (x), VOIDmode);
	  return MAX (1, (num0
			  - (GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (SUBREG_REG (x)))
			     - bitwidth)));
	}

#ifdef WORD_REGISTER_OPERATIONS
#ifdef LOAD_EXTEND_OP
      /* For paradoxical SUBREGs on machines where all register operations
	 affect the entire register, just look inside.  Note that we are
	 passing MODE to the recursive call, so the number of sign bit copies
	 will remain relative to that mode, not the inner mode.  */

      /* This works only if loads sign extend.  Otherwise, if we get a
	 reload for the inner part, it may be loaded from the stack, and
	 then we lose all sign bit copies that existed before the store
	 to the stack.  */

      if ((GET_MODE_SIZE (GET_MODE (x))
	   > GET_MODE_SIZE (GET_MODE (SUBREG_REG (x))))
	  && LOAD_EXTEND_OP (GET_MODE (SUBREG_REG (x))) == SIGN_EXTEND)
	return num_sign_bit_copies (SUBREG_REG (x), mode);
#endif
#endif
      break;

    case SIGN_EXTRACT:
      if (GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 1)) == CONST_INT)
	return MAX (1, bitwidth - INTVAL (XEXP (x, 1)));
      break;

    case SIGN_EXTEND: 
      return (bitwidth - GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (XEXP (x, 0)))
	      + num_sign_bit_copies (XEXP (x, 0), VOIDmode));

    case TRUNCATE:
      /* For a smaller object, just ignore the high bits.  */
      num0 = num_sign_bit_copies (XEXP (x, 0), VOIDmode);
      return MAX (1, (num0 - (GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (XEXP (x, 0)))
			      - bitwidth)));

    case NOT:
      return num_sign_bit_copies (XEXP (x, 0), mode);

    case ROTATE:       case ROTATERT:
      /* If we are rotating left by a number of bits less than the number
	 of sign bit copies, we can just subtract that amount from the
	 number.  */
      if (GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 1)) == CONST_INT
	  && INTVAL (XEXP (x, 1)) >= 0 && INTVAL (XEXP (x, 1)) < bitwidth)
	{
	  num0 = num_sign_bit_copies (XEXP (x, 0), mode);
	  return MAX (1, num0 - (code == ROTATE ? INTVAL (XEXP (x, 1))
				 : bitwidth - INTVAL (XEXP (x, 1))));
	}
      break;

    case NEG:
      /* In general, this subtracts one sign bit copy.  But if the value
	 is known to be positive, the number of sign bit copies is the
	 same as that of the input.  Finally, if the input has just one bit
	 that might be nonzero, all the bits are copies of the sign bit.  */
      num0 = num_sign_bit_copies (XEXP (x, 0), mode);
      if (bitwidth > HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT)
	return num0 > 1 ? num0 - 1 : 1;

      nonzero = nonzero_bits (XEXP (x, 0), mode);
      if (nonzero == 1)
	return bitwidth;

      if (num0 > 1
	  && (((HOST_WIDE_INT) 1 << (bitwidth - 1)) & nonzero))
	num0--;

      return num0;

    case IOR:   case AND:   case XOR:
    case SMIN:  case SMAX:  case UMIN:  case UMAX:
      /* Logical operations will preserve the number of sign-bit copies.
	 MIN and MAX operations always return one of the operands.  */
      num0 = num_sign_bit_copies (XEXP (x, 0), mode);
      num1 = num_sign_bit_copies (XEXP (x, 1), mode);
      return MIN (num0, num1);

    case PLUS:  case MINUS:
      /* For addition and subtraction, we can have a 1-bit carry.  However,
	 if we are subtracting 1 from a positive number, there will not
	 be such a carry.  Furthermore, if the positive number is known to
	 be 0 or 1, we know the result is either -1 or 0.  */

      if (code == PLUS && XEXP (x, 1) == constm1_rtx
	  && bitwidth <= HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT)
	{
	  nonzero = nonzero_bits (XEXP (x, 0), mode);
	  if ((((HOST_WIDE_INT) 1 << (bitwidth - 1)) & nonzero) == 0)
	    return (nonzero == 1 || nonzero == 0 ? bitwidth
		    : bitwidth - floor_log2 (nonzero) - 1);
	}

      num0 = num_sign_bit_copies (XEXP (x, 0), mode);
      num1 = num_sign_bit_copies (XEXP (x, 1), mode);
      return MAX (1, MIN (num0, num1) - 1);
      
    case MULT:
      /* The number of bits of the product is the sum of the number of
	 bits of both terms.  However, unless one of the terms if known
	 to be positive, we must allow for an additional bit since negating
	 a negative number can remove one sign bit copy.  */

      num0 = num_sign_bit_copies (XEXP (x, 0), mode);
      num1 = num_sign_bit_copies (XEXP (x, 1), mode);

      result = bitwidth - (bitwidth - num0) - (bitwidth - num1);
      if (result > 0
	  && (bitwidth > HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT
	      || (((nonzero_bits (XEXP (x, 0), mode)
		    & ((HOST_WIDE_INT) 1 << (bitwidth - 1))) != 0)
		  && ((nonzero_bits (XEXP (x, 1), mode)
		       & ((HOST_WIDE_INT) 1 << (bitwidth - 1))) != 0))))
	result--;

      return MAX (1, result);

    case UDIV:
      /* The result must be <= the first operand.  If the first operand
         has the high bit set, we know nothing about the number of sign
         bit copies.  */
      if (bitwidth > HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT)
	return 1;
      else if ((nonzero_bits (XEXP (x, 0), mode)
		& ((HOST_WIDE_INT) 1 << (bitwidth - 1))) != 0)
	return 1;
      else
	return num_sign_bit_copies (XEXP (x, 0), mode);
				    
    case UMOD:
      /* The result must be <= the scond operand.  */
      return num_sign_bit_copies (XEXP (x, 1), mode);

    case DIV:
      /* Similar to unsigned division, except that we have to worry about
	 the case where the divisor is negative, in which case we have
	 to add 1.  */
      result = num_sign_bit_copies (XEXP (x, 0), mode);
      if (result > 1
	  && (bitwidth > HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT
	      || (nonzero_bits (XEXP (x, 1), mode)
		  & ((HOST_WIDE_INT) 1 << (bitwidth - 1))) != 0))
	result--;

      return result;

    case MOD:
      result = num_sign_bit_copies (XEXP (x, 1), mode);
      if (result > 1
	  && (bitwidth > HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT
	      || (nonzero_bits (XEXP (x, 1), mode)
		  & ((HOST_WIDE_INT) 1 << (bitwidth - 1))) != 0))
	result--;

      return result;

    case ASHIFTRT:
      /* Shifts by a constant add to the number of bits equal to the
	 sign bit.  */
      num0 = num_sign_bit_copies (XEXP (x, 0), mode);
      if (GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 1)) == CONST_INT
	  && INTVAL (XEXP (x, 1)) > 0)
	num0 = MIN (bitwidth, num0 + INTVAL (XEXP (x, 1)));

      return num0;

    case ASHIFT:
      /* Left shifts destroy copies.  */
      if (GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 1)) != CONST_INT
	  || INTVAL (XEXP (x, 1)) < 0
	  || INTVAL (XEXP (x, 1)) >= bitwidth)
	return 1;

      num0 = num_sign_bit_copies (XEXP (x, 0), mode);
      return MAX (1, num0 - INTVAL (XEXP (x, 1)));

    case IF_THEN_ELSE:
      num0 = num_sign_bit_copies (XEXP (x, 1), mode);
      num1 = num_sign_bit_copies (XEXP (x, 2), mode);
      return MIN (num0, num1);

    case EQ:  case NE:  case GE:  case GT:  case LE:  case LT:
    case GEU: case GTU: case LEU: case LTU:
      if (STORE_FLAG_VALUE == -1)
	return bitwidth;
      break;
      
    default:
      break;
    }

  /* If we haven't been able to figure it out by one of the above rules,
     see if some of the high-order bits are known to be zero.  If so,
     count those bits and return one less than that amount.  If we can't
     safely compute the mask for this mode, always return BITWIDTH.  */

  if (bitwidth > HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT)
    return 1;

  nonzero = nonzero_bits (x, mode);
  return (nonzero & ((HOST_WIDE_INT) 1 << (bitwidth - 1))
	  ? 1 : bitwidth - floor_log2 (nonzero) - 1);
}

/* Return the number of "extended" bits there are in X, when interpreted
   as a quantity in MODE whose signedness is indicated by UNSIGNEDP.  For
   unsigned quantities, this is the number of high-order zero bits.
   For signed quantities, this is the number of copies of the sign bit
   minus 1.  In both case, this function returns the number of "spare"
   bits.  For example, if two quantities for which this function returns
   at least 1 are added, the addition is known not to overflow.

   This function will always return 0 unless called during combine, which
   implies that it must be called from a define_split.  */

int
extended_count (x, mode, unsignedp)
     rtx x;
     enum machine_mode mode;
     int unsignedp;
{
  if (nonzero_sign_valid == 0)
    return 0;

  return (unsignedp
	  ? (GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode) <= HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT
	     && (GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode) - 1
		 - floor_log2 (nonzero_bits (x, mode))))
	  : num_sign_bit_copies (x, mode) - 1);
}

/* This function is called from `simplify_shift_const' to merge two
   outer operations.  Specifically, we have already found that we need
   to perform operation *POP0 with constant *PCONST0 at the outermost
   position.  We would now like to also perform OP1 with constant CONST1
   (with *POP0 being done last).

   Return 1 if we can do the operation and update *POP0 and *PCONST0 with
   the resulting operation.  *PCOMP_P is set to 1 if we would need to 
   complement the innermost operand, otherwise it is unchanged.

   MODE is the mode in which the operation will be done.  No bits outside
   the width of this mode matter.  It is assumed that the width of this mode
   is smaller than or equal to HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT.

   If *POP0 or OP1 are NIL, it means no operation is required.  Only NEG, PLUS,
   IOR, XOR, and AND are supported.  We may set *POP0 to SET if the proper
   result is simply *PCONST0.

   If the resulting operation cannot be expressed as one operation, we
   return 0 and do not change *POP0, *PCONST0, and *PCOMP_P.  */

static int
merge_outer_ops (pop0, pconst0, op1, const1, mode, pcomp_p)
     enum rtx_code *pop0;
     HOST_WIDE_INT *pconst0;
     enum rtx_code op1;
     HOST_WIDE_INT const1;
     enum machine_mode mode;
     int *pcomp_p;
{
  enum rtx_code op0 = *pop0;
  HOST_WIDE_INT const0 = *pconst0;
  int width = GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode);

  const0 &= GET_MODE_MASK (mode);
  const1 &= GET_MODE_MASK (mode);

  /* If OP0 is an AND, clear unimportant bits in CONST1.  */
  if (op0 == AND)
    const1 &= const0;

  /* If OP0 or OP1 is NIL, this is easy.  Similarly if they are the same or
     if OP0 is SET.  */

  if (op1 == NIL || op0 == SET)
    return 1;

  else if (op0 == NIL)
    op0 = op1, const0 = const1;

  else if (op0 == op1)
    {
      switch (op0)
	{
	case AND:
	  const0 &= const1;
	  break;
	case IOR:
	  const0 |= const1;
	  break;
	case XOR:
	  const0 ^= const1;
	  break;
	case PLUS:
	  const0 += const1;
	  break;
	case NEG:
	  op0 = NIL;
	  break;
	default:
	  break;
	}
    }

  /* Otherwise, if either is a PLUS or NEG, we can't do anything.  */
  else if (op0 == PLUS || op1 == PLUS || op0 == NEG || op1 == NEG)
    return 0;

  /* If the two constants aren't the same, we can't do anything.  The
     remaining six cases can all be done.  */
  else if (const0 != const1)
    return 0;

  else
    switch (op0)
      {
      case IOR:
	if (op1 == AND)
	  /* (a & b) | b == b */
	  op0 = SET;
	else /* op1 == XOR */
	  /* (a ^ b) | b == a | b */
	  {;}
	break;

      case XOR:
	if (op1 == AND)
	  /* (a & b) ^ b == (~a) & b */
	  op0 = AND, *pcomp_p = 1;
	else /* op1 == IOR */
	  /* (a | b) ^ b == a & ~b */
	  op0 = AND, *pconst0 = ~ const0;
	break;

      case AND:
	if (op1 == IOR)
	  /* (a | b) & b == b */
	op0 = SET;
	else /* op1 == XOR */
	  /* (a ^ b) & b) == (~a) & b */
	  *pcomp_p = 1;
	break;
      default:
	break;
      }

  /* Check for NO-OP cases.  */
  const0 &= GET_MODE_MASK (mode);
  if (const0 == 0
      && (op0 == IOR || op0 == XOR || op0 == PLUS))
    op0 = NIL;
  else if (const0 == 0 && op0 == AND)
    op0 = SET;
  else if ((unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT) const0 == GET_MODE_MASK (mode)
	   && op0 == AND)
    op0 = NIL;

  /* If this would be an entire word for the target, but is not for
     the host, then sign-extend on the host so that the number will look
     the same way on the host that it would on the target.

     For example, when building a 64 bit alpha hosted 32 bit sparc
     targeted compiler, then we want the 32 bit unsigned value -1 to be
     represented as a 64 bit value -1, and not as 0x00000000ffffffff.
     The later confuses the sparc backend.  */

  if (BITS_PER_WORD < HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT && BITS_PER_WORD == width
      && (const0 & ((HOST_WIDE_INT) 1 << (width - 1))))
    const0 |= ((HOST_WIDE_INT) (-1) << width);

  *pop0 = op0;
  *pconst0 = const0;

  return 1;
}

/* Simplify a shift of VAROP by COUNT bits.  CODE says what kind of shift.
   The result of the shift is RESULT_MODE.  X, if non-zero, is an expression
   that we started with.

   The shift is normally computed in the widest mode we find in VAROP, as
   long as it isn't a different number of words than RESULT_MODE.  Exceptions
   are ASHIFTRT and ROTATE, which are always done in their original mode,  */

static rtx
simplify_shift_const (x, code, result_mode, varop, count)
     rtx x;
     enum rtx_code code;
     enum machine_mode result_mode;
     rtx varop;
     int count;
{
  enum rtx_code orig_code = code;
  int orig_count = count;
  enum machine_mode mode = result_mode;
  enum machine_mode shift_mode, tmode;
  int mode_words
    = (GET_MODE_SIZE (mode) + (UNITS_PER_WORD - 1)) / UNITS_PER_WORD;
  /* We form (outer_op (code varop count) (outer_const)).  */
  enum rtx_code outer_op = NIL;
  HOST_WIDE_INT outer_const = 0;
  rtx const_rtx;
  int complement_p = 0;
  rtx new;

  /* If we were given an invalid count, don't do anything except exactly
     what was requested.  */

  if (count < 0 || count > GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode))
    {
      if (x)
	return x;

      return gen_rtx_fmt_ee (code, mode, varop, GEN_INT (count));
    }

  /* Unless one of the branches of the `if' in this loop does a `continue',
     we will `break' the loop after the `if'.  */

  while (count != 0)
    {
      /* If we have an operand of (clobber (const_int 0)), just return that
	 value.  */
      if (GET_CODE (varop) == CLOBBER)
	return varop;

      /* If we discovered we had to complement VAROP, leave.  Making a NOT
	 here would cause an infinite loop.  */
      if (complement_p)
	break;

      /* Convert ROTATERT to ROTATE.  */
      if (code == ROTATERT)
	code = ROTATE, count = GET_MODE_BITSIZE (result_mode) - count;

      /* We need to determine what mode we will do the shift in.  If the
	 shift is a right shift or a ROTATE, we must always do it in the mode
	 it was originally done in.  Otherwise, we can do it in MODE, the
	 widest mode encountered.  */
      shift_mode
	= (code == ASHIFTRT || code == LSHIFTRT || code == ROTATE
	   ? result_mode : mode);

      /* Handle cases where the count is greater than the size of the mode
	 minus 1.  For ASHIFT, use the size minus one as the count (this can
	 occur when simplifying (lshiftrt (ashiftrt ..))).  For rotates,
	 take the count modulo the size.  For other shifts, the result is
	 zero.

	 Since these shifts are being produced by the compiler by combining
	 multiple operations, each of which are defined, we know what the
	 result is supposed to be.  */
	 
      if (count > GET_MODE_BITSIZE (shift_mode) - 1)
	{
	  if (code == ASHIFTRT)
	    count = GET_MODE_BITSIZE (shift_mode) - 1;
	  else if (code == ROTATE || code == ROTATERT)
	    count %= GET_MODE_BITSIZE (shift_mode);
	  else
	    {
	      /* We can't simply return zero because there may be an
		 outer op.  */
	      varop = const0_rtx;
	      count = 0;
	      break;
	    }
	}

      /* Negative counts are invalid and should not have been made (a
	 programmer-specified negative count should have been handled
	 above).  */
      else if (count < 0)
	abort ();

      /* An arithmetic right shift of a quantity known to be -1 or 0
	 is a no-op.  */
      if (code == ASHIFTRT
	  && (num_sign_bit_copies (varop, shift_mode)
	      == GET_MODE_BITSIZE (shift_mode)))
	{
	  count = 0;
	  break;
	}

      /* If we are doing an arithmetic right shift and discarding all but
	 the sign bit copies, this is equivalent to doing a shift by the
	 bitsize minus one.  Convert it into that shift because it will often
	 allow other simplifications.  */

      if (code == ASHIFTRT
	  && (count + num_sign_bit_copies (varop, shift_mode)
	      >= GET_MODE_BITSIZE (shift_mode)))
	count = GET_MODE_BITSIZE (shift_mode) - 1;

      /* We simplify the tests below and elsewhere by converting
	 ASHIFTRT to LSHIFTRT if we know the sign bit is clear.
	 `make_compound_operation' will convert it to a ASHIFTRT for
	 those machines (such as Vax) that don't have a LSHIFTRT.  */
      if (GET_MODE_BITSIZE (shift_mode) <= HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT
	  && code == ASHIFTRT
	  && ((nonzero_bits (varop, shift_mode)
	       & ((HOST_WIDE_INT) 1 << (GET_MODE_BITSIZE (shift_mode) - 1)))
	      == 0))
	code = LSHIFTRT;

      switch (GET_CODE (varop))
	{
	case SIGN_EXTEND:
	case ZERO_EXTEND:
	case SIGN_EXTRACT:
	case ZERO_EXTRACT:
	  new = expand_compound_operation (varop);
	  if (new != varop)
	    {
	      varop = new;
	      continue;
	    }
	  break;

	case MEM:
	  /* If we have (xshiftrt (mem ...) C) and C is MODE_WIDTH
	     minus the width of a smaller mode, we can do this with a
	     SIGN_EXTEND or ZERO_EXTEND from the narrower memory location.  */
	  if ((code == ASHIFTRT || code == LSHIFTRT)
	      && ! mode_dependent_address_p (XEXP (varop, 0))
	      && ! MEM_VOLATILE_P (varop)
	      && (tmode = mode_for_size (GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode) - count,
					 MODE_INT, 1)) != BLKmode)
	    {
	      if (BYTES_BIG_ENDIAN)
		new = gen_rtx_MEM (tmode, XEXP (varop, 0));
	      else
		new = gen_rtx_MEM (tmode,
				   plus_constant (XEXP (varop, 0),
						  count / BITS_PER_UNIT));
	      RTX_UNCHANGING_P (new) = RTX_UNCHANGING_P (varop);
	      MEM_COPY_ATTRIBUTES (new, varop);
	      varop = gen_rtx_combine (code == ASHIFTRT ? SIGN_EXTEND
				       : ZERO_EXTEND, mode, new);
	      count = 0;
	      continue;
	    }
	  break;

	case USE:
	  /* Similar to the case above, except that we can only do this if
	     the resulting mode is the same as that of the underlying
	     MEM and adjust the address depending on the *bits* endianness
	     because of the way that bit-field extract insns are defined.  */
	  if ((code == ASHIFTRT || code == LSHIFTRT)
	      && (tmode = mode_for_size (GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode) - count,
					 MODE_INT, 1)) != BLKmode
	      && tmode == GET_MODE (XEXP (varop, 0)))
	    {
	      if (BITS_BIG_ENDIAN)
		new = XEXP (varop, 0);
	      else
		{
		  new = copy_rtx (XEXP (varop, 0));
		  SUBST (XEXP (new, 0), 
			 plus_constant (XEXP (new, 0),
					count / BITS_PER_UNIT));
		}

	      varop = gen_rtx_combine (code == ASHIFTRT ? SIGN_EXTEND
				       : ZERO_EXTEND, mode, new);
	      count = 0;
	      continue;
	    }
	  break;

	case SUBREG:
	  /* If VAROP is a SUBREG, strip it as long as the inner operand has
	     the same number of words as what we've seen so far.  Then store
	     the widest mode in MODE.  */
	  if (subreg_lowpart_p (varop)
	      && (GET_MODE_SIZE (GET_MODE (SUBREG_REG (varop)))
		  > GET_MODE_SIZE (GET_MODE (varop)))
	      && (((GET_MODE_SIZE (GET_MODE (SUBREG_REG (varop)))
		    + (UNITS_PER_WORD - 1)) / UNITS_PER_WORD)
		  == mode_words))
	    {
	      varop = SUBREG_REG (varop);
	      if (GET_MODE_SIZE (GET_MODE (varop)) > GET_MODE_SIZE (mode))
		mode = GET_MODE (varop);
	      continue;
	    }
	  break;

	case MULT:
	  /* Some machines use MULT instead of ASHIFT because MULT
	     is cheaper.  But it is still better on those machines to
	     merge two shifts into one.  */
	  if (GET_CODE (XEXP (varop, 1)) == CONST_INT
	      && exact_log2 (INTVAL (XEXP (varop, 1))) >= 0)
	    {
	      varop = gen_binary (ASHIFT, GET_MODE (varop), XEXP (varop, 0),
				  GEN_INT (exact_log2 (INTVAL (XEXP (varop, 1)))));;
	      continue;
	    }
	  break;

	case UDIV:
	  /* Similar, for when divides are cheaper.  */
	  if (GET_CODE (XEXP (varop, 1)) == CONST_INT
	      && exact_log2 (INTVAL (XEXP (varop, 1))) >= 0)
	    {
	      varop = gen_binary (LSHIFTRT, GET_MODE (varop), XEXP (varop, 0),
				  GEN_INT (exact_log2 (INTVAL (XEXP (varop, 1)))));
	      continue;
	    }
	  break;

	case ASHIFTRT:
	  /* If we are extracting just the sign bit of an arithmetic right 
	     shift, that shift is not needed.  */
	  if (code == LSHIFTRT && count == GET_MODE_BITSIZE (result_mode) - 1)
	    {
	      varop = XEXP (varop, 0);
	      continue;
	    }

	  /* ... fall through ...  */

	case LSHIFTRT:
	case ASHIFT:
	case ROTATE:
	  /* Here we have two nested shifts.  The result is usually the
	     AND of a new shift with a mask.  We compute the result below.  */
	  if (GET_CODE (XEXP (varop, 1)) == CONST_INT
	      && INTVAL (XEXP (varop, 1)) >= 0
	      && INTVAL (XEXP (varop, 1)) < GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (varop))
	      && GET_MODE_BITSIZE (result_mode) <= HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT
	      && GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode) <= HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT)
	    {
	      enum rtx_code first_code = GET_CODE (varop);
	      int first_count = INTVAL (XEXP (varop, 1));
	      unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT mask;
	      rtx mask_rtx;

	      /* We have one common special case.  We can't do any merging if
		 the inner code is an ASHIFTRT of a smaller mode.  However, if
		 we have (ashift:M1 (subreg:M1 (ashiftrt:M2 FOO C1) 0) C2)
		 with C2 == GET_MODE_BITSIZE (M1) - GET_MODE_BITSIZE (M2),
		 we can convert it to
		 (ashiftrt:M1 (ashift:M1 (and:M1 (subreg:M1 FOO 0 C2) C3) C1).
		 This simplifies certain SIGN_EXTEND operations.  */
	      if (code == ASHIFT && first_code == ASHIFTRT
		  && (GET_MODE_BITSIZE (result_mode)
		      - GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (varop))) == count)
		{
		  /* C3 has the low-order C1 bits zero.  */
		  
		  mask = (GET_MODE_MASK (mode)
			  & ~ (((HOST_WIDE_INT) 1 << first_count) - 1));

		  varop = simplify_and_const_int (NULL_RTX, result_mode,
						  XEXP (varop, 0), mask);
		  varop = simplify_shift_const (NULL_RTX, ASHIFT, result_mode,
						varop, count);
		  count = first_count;
		  code = ASHIFTRT;
		  continue;
		}
	      
	      /* If this was (ashiftrt (ashift foo C1) C2) and FOO has more
		 than C1 high-order bits equal to the sign bit, we can convert
		 this to either an ASHIFT or a ASHIFTRT depending on the
		 two counts. 

		 We cannot do this if VAROP's mode is not SHIFT_MODE.  */

	      if (code == ASHIFTRT && first_code == ASHIFT
		  && GET_MODE (varop) == shift_mode
		  && (num_sign_bit_copies (XEXP (varop, 0), shift_mode)
		      > first_count))
		{
		  count -= first_count;
		  if (count < 0)
		    count = - count, code = ASHIFT;
		  varop = XEXP (varop, 0);
		  continue;
		}

	      /* There are some cases we can't do.  If CODE is ASHIFTRT,
		 we can only do this if FIRST_CODE is also ASHIFTRT.

		 We can't do the case when CODE is ROTATE and FIRST_CODE is
		 ASHIFTRT.

		 If the mode of this shift is not the mode of the outer shift,
		 we can't do this if either shift is a right shift or ROTATE.

		 Finally, we can't do any of these if the mode is too wide
		 unless the codes are the same.

		 Handle the case where the shift codes are the same
		 first.  */

	      if (code == first_code)
		{
		  if (GET_MODE (varop) != result_mode
		      && (code == ASHIFTRT || code == LSHIFTRT
			  || code == ROTATE))
		    break;

		  count += first_count;
		  varop = XEXP (varop, 0);
		  continue;
		}

	      if (code == ASHIFTRT
		  || (code == ROTATE && first_code == ASHIFTRT)
		  || GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode) > HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT
		  || (GET_MODE (varop) != result_mode
		      && (first_code == ASHIFTRT || first_code == LSHIFTRT
			  || first_code == ROTATE
			  || code == ROTATE)))
		break;

	      /* To compute the mask to apply after the shift, shift the
		 nonzero bits of the inner shift the same way the 
		 outer shift will.  */

	      mask_rtx = GEN_INT (nonzero_bits (varop, GET_MODE (varop)));

	      mask_rtx
		= simplify_binary_operation (code, result_mode, mask_rtx,
					     GEN_INT (count));
				  
	      /* Give up if we can't compute an outer operation to use.  */
	      if (mask_rtx == 0
		  || GET_CODE (mask_rtx) != CONST_INT
		  || ! merge_outer_ops (&outer_op, &outer_const, AND,
					INTVAL (mask_rtx),
					result_mode, &complement_p))
		break;

	      /* If the shifts are in the same direction, we add the
		 counts.  Otherwise, we subtract them.  */
	      if ((code == ASHIFTRT || code == LSHIFTRT)
		  == (first_code == ASHIFTRT || first_code == LSHIFTRT))
		count += first_count;
	      else
		count -= first_count;

	      /* If COUNT is positive, the new shift is usually CODE, 
		 except for the two exceptions below, in which case it is
		 FIRST_CODE.  If the count is negative, FIRST_CODE should
		 always be used  */
	      if (count > 0
		  && ((first_code == ROTATE && code == ASHIFT)
		      || (first_code == ASHIFTRT && code == LSHIFTRT)))
		code = first_code;
	      else if (count < 0)
		code = first_code, count = - count;

	      varop = XEXP (varop, 0);
	      continue;
	    }

	  /* If we have (A << B << C) for any shift, we can convert this to
	     (A << C << B).  This wins if A is a constant.  Only try this if
	     B is not a constant.  */

	  else if (GET_CODE (varop) == code
		   && GET_CODE (XEXP (varop, 1)) != CONST_INT
		   && 0 != (new
			    = simplify_binary_operation (code, mode,
							 XEXP (varop, 0),
							 GEN_INT (count))))
	    {
	      varop = gen_rtx_combine (code, mode, new, XEXP (varop, 1));
	      count = 0;
	      continue;
	    }
	  break;

	case NOT:
	  /* Make this fit the case below.  */
	  varop = gen_rtx_combine (XOR, mode, XEXP (varop, 0),
				   GEN_INT (GET_MODE_MASK (mode)));
	  continue;

	case IOR:
	case AND:
	case XOR:
	  /* If we have (xshiftrt (ior (plus X (const_int -1)) X) C)
	     with C the size of VAROP - 1 and the shift is logical if
	     STORE_FLAG_VALUE is 1 and arithmetic if STORE_FLAG_VALUE is -1,
	     we have an (le X 0) operation.   If we have an arithmetic shift
	     and STORE_FLAG_VALUE is 1 or we have a logical shift with
	     STORE_FLAG_VALUE of -1, we have a (neg (le X 0)) operation.  */

	  if (GET_CODE (varop) == IOR && GET_CODE (XEXP (varop, 0)) == PLUS
	      && XEXP (XEXP (varop, 0), 1) == constm1_rtx
	      && (STORE_FLAG_VALUE == 1 || STORE_FLAG_VALUE == -1)
	      && (code == LSHIFTRT || code == ASHIFTRT)
	      && count == GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (varop)) - 1
	      && rtx_equal_p (XEXP (XEXP (varop, 0), 0), XEXP (varop, 1)))
	    {
	      count = 0;
	      varop = gen_rtx_combine (LE, GET_MODE (varop), XEXP (varop, 1),
				       const0_rtx);

	      if (STORE_FLAG_VALUE == 1 ? code == ASHIFTRT : code == LSHIFTRT)
		varop = gen_rtx_combine (NEG, GET_MODE (varop), varop);

	      continue;
	    }

	  /* If we have (shift (logical)), move the logical to the outside
	     to allow it to possibly combine with another logical and the
	     shift to combine with another shift.  This also canonicalizes to
	     what a ZERO_EXTRACT looks like.  Also, some machines have
	     (and (shift)) insns.  */

	  if (GET_CODE (XEXP (varop, 1)) == CONST_INT
	      && (new = simplify_binary_operation (code, result_mode,
						   XEXP (varop, 1),
						   GEN_INT (count))) != 0
	      && GET_CODE(new) == CONST_INT
	      && merge_outer_ops (&outer_op, &outer_const, GET_CODE (varop),
				  INTVAL (new), result_mode, &complement_p))
	    {
	      varop = XEXP (varop, 0);
	      continue;
	    }

	  /* If we can't do that, try to simplify the shift in each arm of the
	     logical expression, make a new logical expression, and apply
	     the inverse distributive law.  */
	  {
	    rtx lhs = simplify_shift_const (NULL_RTX, code, shift_mode,
					    XEXP (varop, 0), count);
	    rtx rhs = simplify_shift_const (NULL_RTX, code, shift_mode,
					    XEXP (varop, 1), count);

	    varop = gen_binary (GET_CODE (varop), shift_mode, lhs, rhs);
	    varop = apply_distributive_law (varop);

	    count = 0;
	  }
	  break;

	case EQ:
	  /* convert (lshiftrt (eq FOO 0) C) to (xor FOO 1) if STORE_FLAG_VALUE
	     says that the sign bit can be tested, FOO has mode MODE, C is
	     GET_MODE_BITSIZE (MODE) - 1, and FOO has only its low-order bit
	     that may be nonzero.  */
	  if (code == LSHIFTRT
	      && XEXP (varop, 1) == const0_rtx
	      && GET_MODE (XEXP (varop, 0)) == result_mode
	      && count == GET_MODE_BITSIZE (result_mode) - 1
	      && GET_MODE_BITSIZE (result_mode) <= HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT
	      && ((STORE_FLAG_VALUE
		   & ((HOST_WIDE_INT) 1 << (GET_MODE_BITSIZE (result_mode) - 1))))
	      && nonzero_bits (XEXP (varop, 0), result_mode) == 1
	      && merge_outer_ops (&outer_op, &outer_const, XOR,
				  (HOST_WIDE_INT) 1, result_mode,
				  &complement_p))
	    {
	      varop = XEXP (varop, 0);
	      count = 0;
	      continue;
	    }
	  break;

	case NEG:
	  /* (lshiftrt (neg A) C) where A is either 0 or 1 and C is one less
	     than the number of bits in the mode is equivalent to A.  */
	  if (code == LSHIFTRT && count == GET_MODE_BITSIZE (result_mode) - 1
	      && nonzero_bits (XEXP (varop, 0), result_mode) == 1)
	    {
	      varop = XEXP (varop, 0);
	      count = 0;
	      continue;
	    }

	  /* NEG commutes with ASHIFT since it is multiplication.  Move the
	     NEG outside to allow shifts to combine.  */
	  if (code == ASHIFT
	      && merge_outer_ops (&outer_op, &outer_const, NEG,
				  (HOST_WIDE_INT) 0, result_mode,
				  &complement_p))
	    {
	      varop = XEXP (varop, 0);
	      continue;
	    }
	  break;

	case PLUS:
	  /* (lshiftrt (plus A -1) C) where A is either 0 or 1 and C
	     is one less than the number of bits in the mode is
	     equivalent to (xor A 1).  */
	  if (code == LSHIFTRT && count == GET_MODE_BITSIZE (result_mode) - 1
	      && XEXP (varop, 1) == constm1_rtx
	      && nonzero_bits (XEXP (varop, 0), result_mode) == 1
	      && merge_outer_ops (&outer_op, &outer_const, XOR,
				  (HOST_WIDE_INT) 1, result_mode,
				  &complement_p))
	    {
	      count = 0;
	      varop = XEXP (varop, 0);
	      continue;
	    }

	  /* If we have (xshiftrt (plus FOO BAR) C), and the only bits
	     that might be nonzero in BAR are those being shifted out and those
	     bits are known zero in FOO, we can replace the PLUS with FOO.
	     Similarly in the other operand order.  This code occurs when
	     we are computing the size of a variable-size array.  */

	  if ((code == ASHIFTRT || code == LSHIFTRT)
	      && count < HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT
	      && nonzero_bits (XEXP (varop, 1), result_mode) >> count == 0
	      && (nonzero_bits (XEXP (varop, 1), result_mode)
		  & nonzero_bits (XEXP (varop, 0), result_mode)) == 0)
	    {
	      varop = XEXP (varop, 0);
	      continue;
	    }
	  else if ((code == ASHIFTRT || code == LSHIFTRT)
		   && count < HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT
		   && GET_MODE_BITSIZE (result_mode) <= HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT
		   && 0 == (nonzero_bits (XEXP (varop, 0), result_mode)
			    >> count)
		   && 0 == (nonzero_bits (XEXP (varop, 0), result_mode)
			    & nonzero_bits (XEXP (varop, 1),
						 result_mode)))
	    {
	      varop = XEXP (varop, 1);
	      continue;
	    }

	  /* (ashift (plus foo C) N) is (plus (ashift foo N) C').  */
	  if (code == ASHIFT
	      && GET_CODE (XEXP (varop, 1)) == CONST_INT
	      && (new = simplify_binary_operation (ASHIFT, result_mode,
						   XEXP (varop, 1),
						   GEN_INT (count))) != 0
	      && GET_CODE(new) == CONST_INT
	      && merge_outer_ops (&outer_op, &outer_const, PLUS,
				  INTVAL (new), result_mode, &complement_p))
	    {
	      varop = XEXP (varop, 0);
	      continue;
	    }
	  break;

	case MINUS:
	  /* If we have (xshiftrt (minus (ashiftrt X C)) X) C)
	     with C the size of VAROP - 1 and the shift is logical if
	     STORE_FLAG_VALUE is 1 and arithmetic if STORE_FLAG_VALUE is -1,
	     we have a (gt X 0) operation.  If the shift is arithmetic with
	     STORE_FLAG_VALUE of 1 or logical with STORE_FLAG_VALUE == -1,
	     we have a (neg (gt X 0)) operation.  */

	  if ((STORE_FLAG_VALUE == 1 || STORE_FLAG_VALUE == -1)
	      && GET_CODE (XEXP (varop, 0)) == ASHIFTRT
	      && count == GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (varop)) - 1
	      && (code == LSHIFTRT || code == ASHIFTRT)
	      && GET_CODE (XEXP (XEXP (varop, 0), 1)) == CONST_INT
	      && INTVAL (XEXP (XEXP (varop, 0), 1)) == count
	      && rtx_equal_p (XEXP (XEXP (varop, 0), 0), XEXP (varop, 1)))
	    {
	      count = 0;
	      varop = gen_rtx_combine (GT, GET_MODE (varop), XEXP (varop, 1),
				       const0_rtx);

	      if (STORE_FLAG_VALUE == 1 ? code == ASHIFTRT : code == LSHIFTRT)
		varop = gen_rtx_combine (NEG, GET_MODE (varop), varop);

	      continue;
	    }
	  break;

	case TRUNCATE:
	  /* Change (lshiftrt (truncate (lshiftrt))) to (truncate (lshiftrt))
	     if the truncate does not affect the value.  */
	  if (code == LSHIFTRT
	      && GET_CODE (XEXP (varop, 0)) == LSHIFTRT
	      && GET_CODE (XEXP (XEXP (varop, 0), 1)) == CONST_INT
	      && (INTVAL (XEXP (XEXP (varop, 0), 1))
		  >= (GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (XEXP (varop, 0)))
		      - GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (varop)))))
	    {
	      rtx varop_inner = XEXP (varop, 0);

	      varop_inner = gen_rtx_combine (LSHIFTRT,
					     GET_MODE (varop_inner),
					     XEXP (varop_inner, 0),
					     GEN_INT (count + INTVAL (XEXP (varop_inner, 1))));
	      varop = gen_rtx_combine (TRUNCATE, GET_MODE (varop),
				       varop_inner);
	      count = 0;
	      continue;
	    }
	  break;
	  
	default:
	  break;
	}

      break;
    }

  /* We need to determine what mode to do the shift in.  If the shift is
     a right shift or ROTATE, we must always do it in the mode it was
     originally done in.  Otherwise, we can do it in MODE, the widest mode
     encountered.  The code we care about is that of the shift that will
     actually be done, not the shift that was originally requested.  */
  shift_mode
    = (code == ASHIFTRT || code == LSHIFTRT || code == ROTATE
       ? result_mode : mode);

  /* We have now finished analyzing the shift.  The result should be
     a shift of type CODE with SHIFT_MODE shifting VAROP COUNT places.  If
     OUTER_OP is non-NIL, it is an operation that needs to be applied
     to the result of the shift.  OUTER_CONST is the relevant constant,
     but we must turn off all bits turned off in the shift.

     If we were passed a value for X, see if we can use any pieces of
     it.  If not, make new rtx.  */

  if (x && GET_RTX_CLASS (GET_CODE (x)) == '2'
      && GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 1)) == CONST_INT
      && INTVAL (XEXP (x, 1)) == count)
    const_rtx = XEXP (x, 1);
  else
    const_rtx = GEN_INT (count);

  if (x && GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 0)) == SUBREG
      && GET_MODE (XEXP (x, 0)) == shift_mode
      && SUBREG_REG (XEXP (x, 0)) == varop)
    varop = XEXP (x, 0);
  else if (GET_MODE (varop) != shift_mode)
    varop = gen_lowpart_for_combine (shift_mode, varop);

  /* If we can't make the SUBREG, try to return what we were given.  */
  if (GET_CODE (varop) == CLOBBER)
    return x ? x : varop;

  new = simplify_binary_operation (code, shift_mode, varop, const_rtx);
  if (new != 0)
    x = new;
  else
    {
      if (x == 0 || GET_CODE (x) != code || GET_MODE (x) != shift_mode)
	x = gen_rtx_combine (code, shift_mode, varop, const_rtx);

      SUBST (XEXP (x, 0), varop);
      SUBST (XEXP (x, 1), const_rtx);
    }

  /* If we have an outer operation and we just made a shift, it is
     possible that we could have simplified the shift were it not
     for the outer operation.  So try to do the simplification
     recursively.  */

  if (outer_op != NIL && GET_CODE (x) == code
      && GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 1)) == CONST_INT)
    x = simplify_shift_const (x, code, shift_mode, XEXP (x, 0),
			      INTVAL (XEXP (x, 1)));

  /* If we were doing a LSHIFTRT in a wider mode than it was originally,
     turn off all the bits that the shift would have turned off.  */
  if (orig_code == LSHIFTRT && result_mode != shift_mode)
    x = simplify_and_const_int (NULL_RTX, shift_mode, x,
				GET_MODE_MASK (result_mode) >> orig_count);
      
  /* Do the remainder of the processing in RESULT_MODE.  */
  x = gen_lowpart_for_combine (result_mode, x);

  /* If COMPLEMENT_P is set, we have to complement X before doing the outer
     operation.  */
  if (complement_p)
    x = gen_unary (NOT, result_mode, result_mode, x);

  if (outer_op != NIL)
    {
      if (GET_MODE_BITSIZE (result_mode) < HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT)
	{
	  int width = GET_MODE_BITSIZE (result_mode);

	  outer_const &= GET_MODE_MASK (result_mode);

	  /* If this would be an entire word for the target, but is not for
	     the host, then sign-extend on the host so that the number will
	     look the same way on the host that it would on the target.

	     For example, when building a 64 bit alpha hosted 32 bit sparc
	     targeted compiler, then we want the 32 bit unsigned value -1 to be
	     represented as a 64 bit value -1, and not as 0x00000000ffffffff.
	     The later confuses the sparc backend.  */

	  if (BITS_PER_WORD < HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT && BITS_PER_WORD == width
	      && (outer_const & ((HOST_WIDE_INT) 1 << (width - 1))))
	    outer_const |= ((HOST_WIDE_INT) (-1) << width);
	}

      if (outer_op == AND)
	x = simplify_and_const_int (NULL_RTX, result_mode, x, outer_const);
      else if (outer_op == SET)
	/* This means that we have determined that the result is
	   equivalent to a constant.  This should be rare.  */
	x = GEN_INT (outer_const);
      else if (GET_RTX_CLASS (outer_op) == '1')
	x = gen_unary (outer_op, result_mode, result_mode, x);
      else
	x = gen_binary (outer_op, result_mode, x, GEN_INT (outer_const));
    }

  return x;
}  

/* Like recog, but we receive the address of a pointer to a new pattern.
   We try to match the rtx that the pointer points to.
   If that fails, we may try to modify or replace the pattern,
   storing the replacement into the same pointer object.

   Modifications include deletion or addition of CLOBBERs.

   PNOTES is a pointer to a location where any REG_UNUSED notes added for
   the CLOBBERs are placed.

   The value is the final insn code from the pattern ultimately matched,
   or -1.  */

static int
recog_for_combine (pnewpat, insn, pnotes)
     rtx *pnewpat;
     rtx insn;
     rtx *pnotes;
{
  register rtx pat = *pnewpat;
  int insn_code_number;
  int num_clobbers_to_add = 0;
  int i;
  rtx notes = 0;

  /* If PAT is a PARALLEL, check to see if it contains the CLOBBER
     we use to indicate that something didn't match.  If we find such a
     thing, force rejection.  */
  if (GET_CODE (pat) == PARALLEL)
    for (i = XVECLEN (pat, 0) - 1; i >= 0; i--)
      if (GET_CODE (XVECEXP (pat, 0, i)) == CLOBBER
	  && XEXP (XVECEXP (pat, 0, i), 0) == const0_rtx)
	return -1;

  /* Is the result of combination a valid instruction?  */
  insn_code_number = recog (pat, insn, &num_clobbers_to_add);

  /* If it isn't, there is the possibility that we previously had an insn
     that clobbered some register as a side effect, but the combined
     insn doesn't need to do that.  So try once more without the clobbers
     unless this represents an ASM insn.  */

  if (insn_code_number < 0 && ! check_asm_operands (pat)
      && GET_CODE (pat) == PARALLEL)
    {
      int pos;

      for (pos = 0, i = 0; i < XVECLEN (pat, 0); i++)
	if (GET_CODE (XVECEXP (pat, 0, i)) != CLOBBER)
	  {
	    if (i != pos)
	      SUBST (XVECEXP (pat, 0, pos), XVECEXP (pat, 0, i));
	    pos++;
	  }

      SUBST_INT (XVECLEN (pat, 0), pos);

      if (pos == 1)
	pat = XVECEXP (pat, 0, 0);

      insn_code_number = recog (pat, insn, &num_clobbers_to_add);
    }

  /* If we had any clobbers to add, make a new pattern than contains
     them.  Then check to make sure that all of them are dead.  */
  if (num_clobbers_to_add)
    {
      rtx newpat = gen_rtx_PARALLEL (VOIDmode,
				     gen_rtvec (GET_CODE (pat) == PARALLEL
						? XVECLEN (pat, 0) + num_clobbers_to_add
						: num_clobbers_to_add + 1));

      if (GET_CODE (pat) == PARALLEL)
	for (i = 0; i < XVECLEN (pat, 0); i++)
	  XVECEXP (newpat, 0, i) = XVECEXP (pat, 0, i);
      else
	XVECEXP (newpat, 0, 0) = pat;

      add_clobbers (newpat, insn_code_number);

      for (i = XVECLEN (newpat, 0) - num_clobbers_to_add;
	   i < XVECLEN (newpat, 0); i++)
	{
	  if (GET_CODE (XEXP (XVECEXP (newpat, 0, i), 0)) == REG
	      && ! reg_dead_at_p (XEXP (XVECEXP (newpat, 0, i), 0), insn))
	    return -1;
	  notes = gen_rtx_EXPR_LIST (REG_UNUSED,
				     XEXP (XVECEXP (newpat, 0, i), 0), notes);
	}
      pat = newpat;
    }

  *pnewpat = pat;
  *pnotes = notes;

  return insn_code_number;
}

/* Like gen_lowpart but for use by combine.  In combine it is not possible
   to create any new pseudoregs.  However, it is safe to create
   invalid memory addresses, because combine will try to recognize
   them and all they will do is make the combine attempt fail.

   If for some reason this cannot do its job, an rtx
   (clobber (const_int 0)) is returned.
   An insn containing that will not be recognized.  */

#undef gen_lowpart

static rtx
gen_lowpart_for_combine (mode, x)
     enum machine_mode mode;
     register rtx x;
{
  rtx result;

  if (GET_MODE (x) == mode)
    return x;

  /* We can only support MODE being wider than a word if X is a
     constant integer or has a mode the same size.  */

  if (GET_MODE_SIZE (mode) > UNITS_PER_WORD
      && ! ((GET_MODE (x) == VOIDmode
	     && (GET_CODE (x) == CONST_INT
		 || GET_CODE (x) == CONST_DOUBLE))
	    || GET_MODE_SIZE (GET_MODE (x)) == GET_MODE_SIZE (mode)))
    return gen_rtx_CLOBBER (GET_MODE (x), const0_rtx);

  /* X might be a paradoxical (subreg (mem)).  In that case, gen_lowpart
     won't know what to do.  So we will strip off the SUBREG here and
     process normally.  */
  if (GET_CODE (x) == SUBREG && GET_CODE (SUBREG_REG (x)) == MEM)
    {
      x = SUBREG_REG (x);
      if (GET_MODE (x) == mode)
	return x;
    }

  result = gen_lowpart_common (mode, x);
  if (result != 0
      && GET_CODE (result) == SUBREG
      && GET_CODE (SUBREG_REG (result)) == REG
      && REGNO (SUBREG_REG (result)) >= FIRST_PSEUDO_REGISTER
      && (GET_MODE_SIZE (GET_MODE (result))
	  != GET_MODE_SIZE (GET_MODE (SUBREG_REG (result)))))
    REG_CHANGES_SIZE (REGNO (SUBREG_REG (result))) = 1;

  if (result)
    return result;

  if (GET_CODE (x) == MEM)
    {
      register int offset = 0;
      rtx new;

      /* Refuse to work on a volatile memory ref or one with a mode-dependent
	 address.  */
      if (MEM_VOLATILE_P (x) || mode_dependent_address_p (XEXP (x, 0)))
	return gen_rtx_CLOBBER (GET_MODE (x), const0_rtx);

      /* If we want to refer to something bigger than the original memref,
	 generate a perverse subreg instead.  That will force a reload
	 of the original memref X.  */
      if (GET_MODE_SIZE (GET_MODE (x)) < GET_MODE_SIZE (mode))
	return gen_rtx_SUBREG (mode, x, 0);

      if (WORDS_BIG_ENDIAN)
	offset = (MAX (GET_MODE_SIZE (GET_MODE (x)), UNITS_PER_WORD)
		  - MAX (GET_MODE_SIZE (mode), UNITS_PER_WORD));
      if (BYTES_BIG_ENDIAN)
	{
	  /* Adjust the address so that the address-after-the-data is
	     unchanged.  */
	  offset -= (MIN (UNITS_PER_WORD, GET_MODE_SIZE (mode))
		     - MIN (UNITS_PER_WORD, GET_MODE_SIZE (GET_MODE (x))));
	}
      new = gen_rtx_MEM (mode, plus_constant (XEXP (x, 0), offset));
      RTX_UNCHANGING_P (new) = RTX_UNCHANGING_P (x);
      MEM_COPY_ATTRIBUTES (new, x);
      return new;
    }

  /* If X is a comparison operator, rewrite it in a new mode.  This
     probably won't match, but may allow further simplifications.  */
  else if (GET_RTX_CLASS (GET_CODE (x)) == '<')
    return gen_rtx_combine (GET_CODE (x), mode, XEXP (x, 0), XEXP (x, 1));

  /* If we couldn't simplify X any other way, just enclose it in a
     SUBREG.  Normally, this SUBREG won't match, but some patterns may
     include an explicit SUBREG or we may simplify it further in combine.  */
  else
    {
      int word = 0;

      if (WORDS_BIG_ENDIAN && GET_MODE_SIZE (GET_MODE (x)) > UNITS_PER_WORD)
	word = ((GET_MODE_SIZE (GET_MODE (x))
		 - MAX (GET_MODE_SIZE (mode), UNITS_PER_WORD))
		/ UNITS_PER_WORD);
      return gen_rtx_SUBREG (mode, x, word);
    }
}

/* Make an rtx expression.  This is a subset of gen_rtx and only supports
   expressions of 1, 2, or 3 operands, each of which are rtx expressions.

   If the identical expression was previously in the insn (in the undobuf),
   it will be returned.  Only if it is not found will a new expression
   be made.  */

/*VARARGS2*/
static rtx
gen_rtx_combine VPROTO((enum rtx_code code, enum machine_mode mode, ...))
{
#ifndef ANSI_PROTOTYPES
  enum rtx_code code;
  enum machine_mode mode;
#endif
  va_list p;
  int n_args;
  rtx args[3];
  int j;
  char *fmt;
  rtx rt;
  struct undo *undo;

  VA_START (p, mode);

#ifndef ANSI_PROTOTYPES
  code = va_arg (p, enum rtx_code);
  mode = va_arg (p, enum machine_mode);
#endif

  n_args = GET_RTX_LENGTH (code);
  fmt = GET_RTX_FORMAT (code);

  if (n_args == 0 || n_args > 3)
    abort ();

  /* Get each arg and verify that it is supposed to be an expression.  */
  for (j = 0; j < n_args; j++)
    {
      if (*fmt++ != 'e')
	abort ();

      args[j] = va_arg (p, rtx);
    }

  /* See if this is in undobuf.  Be sure we don't use objects that came
     from another insn; this could produce circular rtl structures.  */

  for (undo = undobuf.undos; undo != undobuf.previous_undos; undo = undo->next)
    if (!undo->is_int
	&& GET_CODE (undo->old_contents.r) == code
	&& GET_MODE (undo->old_contents.r) == mode)
      {
	for (j = 0; j < n_args; j++)
	  if (XEXP (undo->old_contents.r, j) != args[j])
	    break;

	if (j == n_args)
	  return undo->old_contents.r;
      }

  /* Otherwise make a new rtx.  We know we have 1, 2, or 3 args.
     Use rtx_alloc instead of gen_rtx because it's faster on RISC.  */
  rt = rtx_alloc (code);
  PUT_MODE (rt, mode);
  XEXP (rt, 0) = args[0];
  if (n_args > 1)
    {
      XEXP (rt, 1) = args[1];
      if (n_args > 2)
	XEXP (rt, 2) = args[2];
    }
  return rt;
}

/* These routines make binary and unary operations by first seeing if they
   fold; if not, a new expression is allocated.  */

static rtx
gen_binary (code, mode, op0, op1)
     enum rtx_code code;
     enum machine_mode mode;
     rtx op0, op1;
{
  rtx result;
  rtx tem;

  if (GET_RTX_CLASS (code) == 'c'
      && (GET_CODE (op0) == CONST_INT
	  || (CONSTANT_P (op0) && GET_CODE (op1) != CONST_INT)))
    tem = op0, op0 = op1, op1 = tem;

  if (GET_RTX_CLASS (code) == '<') 
    {
      enum machine_mode op_mode = GET_MODE (op0);

      /* Strip the COMPARE from (REL_OP (compare X Y) 0) to get 
	 just (REL_OP X Y).  */
      if (GET_CODE (op0) == COMPARE && op1 == const0_rtx)
	{
	  op1 = XEXP (op0, 1);
	  op0 = XEXP (op0, 0);
	  op_mode = GET_MODE (op0);
	}

      if (op_mode == VOIDmode)
	op_mode = GET_MODE (op1);
      result = simplify_relational_operation (code, op_mode, op0, op1);
    }
  else
    result = simplify_binary_operation (code, mode, op0, op1);

  if (result)
    return result;

  /* Put complex operands first and constants second.  */
  if (GET_RTX_CLASS (code) == 'c'
      && ((CONSTANT_P (op0) && GET_CODE (op1) != CONST_INT)
	  || (GET_RTX_CLASS (GET_CODE (op0)) == 'o'
	      && GET_RTX_CLASS (GET_CODE (op1)) != 'o')
	  || (GET_CODE (op0) == SUBREG
	      && GET_RTX_CLASS (GET_CODE (SUBREG_REG (op0))) == 'o'
	      && GET_RTX_CLASS (GET_CODE (op1)) != 'o')))
    return gen_rtx_combine (code, mode, op1, op0);

  /* If we are turning off bits already known off in OP0, we need not do
     an AND.  */
  else if (code == AND && GET_CODE (op1) == CONST_INT
	   && GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode) <= HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT
	   && (nonzero_bits (op0, mode) & ~ INTVAL (op1)) == 0)
    return op0;

  return gen_rtx_combine (code, mode, op0, op1);
}

static rtx
gen_unary (code, mode, op0_mode, op0)
     enum rtx_code code;
     enum machine_mode mode, op0_mode;
     rtx op0;
{
  rtx result = simplify_unary_operation (code, mode, op0, op0_mode);

  if (result)
    return result;

  return gen_rtx_combine (code, mode, op0);
}

/* Simplify a comparison between *POP0 and *POP1 where CODE is the
   comparison code that will be tested.

   The result is a possibly different comparison code to use.  *POP0 and
   *POP1 may be updated.

   It is possible that we might detect that a comparison is either always
   true or always false.  However, we do not perform general constant
   folding in combine, so this knowledge isn't useful.  Such tautologies
   should have been detected earlier.  Hence we ignore all such cases.  */

static enum rtx_code
simplify_comparison (code, pop0, pop1)
     enum rtx_code code;
     rtx *pop0;
     rtx *pop1;
{
  rtx op0 = *pop0;
  rtx op1 = *pop1;
  rtx tem, tem1;
  int i;
  enum machine_mode mode, tmode;

  /* Try a few ways of applying the same transformation to both operands.  */
  while (1)
    {
#ifndef WORD_REGISTER_OPERATIONS
      /* The test below this one won't handle SIGN_EXTENDs on these machines,
	 so check specially.  */
      if (code != GTU && code != GEU && code != LTU && code != LEU
	  && GET_CODE (op0) == ASHIFTRT && GET_CODE (op1) == ASHIFTRT
	  && GET_CODE (XEXP (op0, 0)) == ASHIFT
	  && GET_CODE (XEXP (op1, 0)) == ASHIFT
	  && GET_CODE (XEXP (XEXP (op0, 0), 0)) == SUBREG
	  && GET_CODE (XEXP (XEXP (op1, 0), 0)) == SUBREG
	  && (GET_MODE (SUBREG_REG (XEXP (XEXP (op0, 0), 0)))
	      == GET_MODE (SUBREG_REG (XEXP (XEXP (op1, 0), 0))))
	  && GET_CODE (XEXP (op0, 1)) == CONST_INT
	  && GET_CODE (XEXP (op1, 1)) == CONST_INT
	  && GET_CODE (XEXP (XEXP (op0, 0), 1)) == CONST_INT
	  && GET_CODE (XEXP (XEXP (op1, 0), 1)) == CONST_INT
	  && INTVAL (XEXP (op0, 1)) == INTVAL (XEXP (op1, 1))
	  && INTVAL (XEXP (op0, 1)) == INTVAL (XEXP (XEXP (op0, 0), 1))
	  && INTVAL (XEXP (op0, 1)) == INTVAL (XEXP (XEXP (op1, 0), 1))
	  && (INTVAL (XEXP (op0, 1))
	      == (GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (op0))
		  - (GET_MODE_BITSIZE
		     (GET_MODE (SUBREG_REG (XEXP (XEXP (op0, 0), 0))))))))
	{
	  op0 = SUBREG_REG (XEXP (XEXP (op0, 0), 0));
	  op1 = SUBREG_REG (XEXP (XEXP (op1, 0), 0));
	}
#endif

      /* If both operands are the same constant shift, see if we can ignore the
	 shift.  We can if the shift is a rotate or if the bits shifted out of
	 this shift are known to be zero for both inputs and if the type of
	 comparison is compatible with the shift.  */
      if (GET_CODE (op0) == GET_CODE (op1)
	  && GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (op0)) <= HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT
	  && ((GET_CODE (op0) == ROTATE && (code == NE || code == EQ))
	      || ((GET_CODE (op0) == LSHIFTRT || GET_CODE (op0) == ASHIFT)
		  && (code != GT && code != LT && code != GE && code != LE))
	      || (GET_CODE (op0) == ASHIFTRT
		  && (code != GTU && code != LTU
		      && code != GEU && code != GEU)))
	  && GET_CODE (XEXP (op0, 1)) == CONST_INT
	  && INTVAL (XEXP (op0, 1)) >= 0
	  && INTVAL (XEXP (op0, 1)) < HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT
	  && XEXP (op0, 1) == XEXP (op1, 1))
	{
	  enum machine_mode mode = GET_MODE (op0);
	  unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT mask = GET_MODE_MASK (mode);
	  int shift_count = INTVAL (XEXP (op0, 1));

	  if (GET_CODE (op0) == LSHIFTRT || GET_CODE (op0) == ASHIFTRT)
	    mask &= (mask >> shift_count) << shift_count;
	  else if (GET_CODE (op0) == ASHIFT)
	    mask = (mask & (mask << shift_count)) >> shift_count;

	  if ((nonzero_bits (XEXP (op0, 0), mode) & ~ mask) == 0
	      && (nonzero_bits (XEXP (op1, 0), mode) & ~ mask) == 0)
	    op0 = XEXP (op0, 0), op1 = XEXP (op1, 0);
	  else
	    break;
	}

      /* If both operands are AND's of a paradoxical SUBREG by constant, the
	 SUBREGs are of the same mode, and, in both cases, the AND would
	 be redundant if the comparison was done in the narrower mode,
	 do the comparison in the narrower mode (e.g., we are AND'ing with 1
	 and the operand's possibly nonzero bits are 0xffffff01; in that case
	 if we only care about QImode, we don't need the AND).  This case
	 occurs if the output mode of an scc insn is not SImode and
	 STORE_FLAG_VALUE == 1 (e.g., the 386).

	 Similarly, check for a case where the AND's are ZERO_EXTEND
	 operations from some narrower mode even though a SUBREG is not
	 present.  */

      else if  (GET_CODE (op0) == AND && GET_CODE (op1) == AND
		&& GET_CODE (XEXP (op0, 1)) == CONST_INT
		&& GET_CODE (XEXP (op1, 1)) == CONST_INT)
	{
	  rtx inner_op0 = XEXP (op0, 0);
	  rtx inner_op1 = XEXP (op1, 0);
	  HOST_WIDE_INT c0 = INTVAL (XEXP (op0, 1));
	  HOST_WIDE_INT c1 = INTVAL (XEXP (op1, 1));
	  int changed = 0;
		
	  if (GET_CODE (inner_op0) == SUBREG && GET_CODE (inner_op1) == SUBREG
	      && (GET_MODE_SIZE (GET_MODE (inner_op0))
		  > GET_MODE_SIZE (GET_MODE (SUBREG_REG (inner_op0))))
	      && (GET_MODE (SUBREG_REG (inner_op0))
		  == GET_MODE (SUBREG_REG (inner_op1)))
	      && (GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (SUBREG_REG (inner_op0)))
		  <= HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT)
	      && (0 == ((~c0) & nonzero_bits (SUBREG_REG (inner_op0),
					     GET_MODE (SUBREG_REG (inner_op0)))))
	      && (0 == ((~c1) & nonzero_bits (SUBREG_REG (inner_op1),
					     GET_MODE (SUBREG_REG (inner_op1))))))
	    {
	      op0 = SUBREG_REG (inner_op0);
	      op1 = SUBREG_REG (inner_op1);

	      /* The resulting comparison is always unsigned since we masked
		 off the original sign bit.  */
	      code = unsigned_condition (code);

	      changed = 1;
	    }

	  else if (c0 == c1)
	    for (tmode = GET_CLASS_NARROWEST_MODE
		 (GET_MODE_CLASS (GET_MODE (op0)));
		 tmode != GET_MODE (op0); tmode = GET_MODE_WIDER_MODE (tmode))
	      if ((unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT) c0 == GET_MODE_MASK (tmode))
		{
		  op0 = gen_lowpart_for_combine (tmode, inner_op0);
		  op1 = gen_lowpart_for_combine (tmode, inner_op1);
		  code = unsigned_condition (code);
		  changed = 1;
		  break;
		}

	  if (! changed)
	    break;
	}

      /* If both operands are NOT, we can strip off the outer operation
	 and adjust the comparison code for swapped operands; similarly for
	 NEG, except that this must be an equality comparison.  */
      else if ((GET_CODE (op0) == NOT && GET_CODE (op1) == NOT)
	       || (GET_CODE (op0) == NEG && GET_CODE (op1) == NEG
		   && (code == EQ || code == NE)))
	op0 = XEXP (op0, 0), op1 = XEXP (op1, 0), code = swap_condition (code);

      else
	break;
    }
     
  /* If the first operand is a constant, swap the operands and adjust the
     comparison code appropriately, but don't do this if the second operand
     is already a constant integer.  */
  if (CONSTANT_P (op0) && GET_CODE (op1) != CONST_INT)
    {
      tem = op0, op0 = op1, op1 = tem;
      code = swap_condition (code);
    }

  /* We now enter a loop during which we will try to simplify the comparison.
     For the most part, we only are concerned with comparisons with zero,
     but some things may really be comparisons with zero but not start
     out looking that way.  */

  while (GET_CODE (op1) == CONST_INT)
    {
      enum machine_mode mode = GET_MODE (op0);
      int mode_width = GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode);
      unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT mask = GET_MODE_MASK (mode);
      int equality_comparison_p;
      int sign_bit_comparison_p;
      int unsigned_comparison_p;
      HOST_WIDE_INT const_op;

      /* We only want to handle integral modes.  This catches VOIDmode,
	 CCmode, and the floating-point modes.  An exception is that we
	 can handle VOIDmode if OP0 is a COMPARE or a comparison
	 operation.  */

      if (GET_MODE_CLASS (mode) != MODE_INT
	  && ! (mode == VOIDmode
		&& (GET_CODE (op0) == COMPARE
		    || GET_RTX_CLASS (GET_CODE (op0)) == '<')))
	break;

      /* Get the constant we are comparing against and turn off all bits
	 not on in our mode.  */
      const_op = INTVAL (op1);
      if (mode_width <= HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT)
	const_op &= mask;

      /* If we are comparing against a constant power of two and the value
	 being compared can only have that single bit nonzero (e.g., it was
	 `and'ed with that bit), we can replace this with a comparison
	 with zero.  */
      if (const_op
	  && (code == EQ || code == NE || code == GE || code == GEU
	      || code == LT || code == LTU)
	  && mode_width <= HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT
	  && exact_log2 (const_op) >= 0
	  && nonzero_bits (op0, mode) == (unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT) const_op)
	{
	  code = (code == EQ || code == GE || code == GEU ? NE : EQ);
	  op1 = const0_rtx, const_op = 0;
	}

      /* Similarly, if we are comparing a value known to be either -1 or
	 0 with -1, change it to the opposite comparison against zero.  */

      if (const_op == -1
	  && (code == EQ || code == NE || code == GT || code == LE
	      || code == GEU || code == LTU)
	  && num_sign_bit_copies (op0, mode) == mode_width)
	{
	  code = (code == EQ || code == LE || code == GEU ? NE : EQ);
	  op1 = const0_rtx, const_op = 0;
	}

      /* Do some canonicalizations based on the comparison code.  We prefer
	 comparisons against zero and then prefer equality comparisons.  
	 If we can reduce the size of a constant, we will do that too.  */

      switch (code)
	{
	case LT:
	  /* < C is equivalent to <= (C - 1) */
	  if (const_op > 0)
	    {
	      const_op -= 1;
	      op1 = GEN_INT (const_op);
	      code = LE;
	      /* ... fall through to LE case below.  */
	    }
	  else
	    break;

	case LE:
	  /* <= C is equivalent to < (C + 1); we do this for C < 0  */
	  if (const_op < 0)
	    {
	      const_op += 1;
	      op1 = GEN_INT (const_op);
	      code = LT;
	    }

	  /* If we are doing a <= 0 comparison on a value known to have
	     a zero sign bit, we can replace this with == 0.  */
	  else if (const_op == 0
		   && mode_width <= HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT
		   && (nonzero_bits (op0, mode)
		       & ((HOST_WIDE_INT) 1 << (mode_width - 1))) == 0)
	    code = EQ;
	  break;

	case GE:
	  /* >= C is equivalent to > (C - 1).  */
	  if (const_op > 0)
	    {
	      const_op -= 1;
	      op1 = GEN_INT (const_op);
	      code = GT;
	      /* ... fall through to GT below.  */
	    }
	  else
	    break;

	case GT:
	  /* > C is equivalent to >= (C + 1); we do this for C < 0*/
	  if (const_op < 0)
	    {
	      const_op += 1;
	      op1 = GEN_INT (const_op);
	      code = GE;
	    }

	  /* If we are doing a > 0 comparison on a value known to have
	     a zero sign bit, we can replace this with != 0.  */
	  else if (const_op == 0
		   && mode_width <= HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT
		   && (nonzero_bits (op0, mode)
		       & ((HOST_WIDE_INT) 1 << (mode_width - 1))) == 0)
	    code = NE;
	  break;

	case LTU:
	  /* < C is equivalent to <= (C - 1).  */
	  if (const_op > 0)
	    {
	      const_op -= 1;
	      op1 = GEN_INT (const_op);
	      code = LEU;
	      /* ... fall through ...  */
	    }

	  /* (unsigned) < 0x80000000 is equivalent to >= 0.  */
	  else if ((mode_width <= HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT)
		   && (const_op == (HOST_WIDE_INT) 1 << (mode_width - 1)))
	    {
	      const_op = 0, op1 = const0_rtx;
	      code = GE;
	      break;
	    }
	  else
	    break;

	case LEU:
	  /* unsigned <= 0 is equivalent to == 0 */
	  if (const_op == 0)
	    code = EQ;

	  /* (unsigned) <= 0x7fffffff is equivalent to >= 0.  */
	  else if ((mode_width <= HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT)
		   && (const_op == ((HOST_WIDE_INT) 1 << (mode_width - 1)) - 1))
	    {
	      const_op = 0, op1 = const0_rtx;
	      code = GE;
	    }
	  break;

	case GEU:
	  /* >= C is equivalent to < (C - 1).  */
	  if (const_op > 1)
	    {
	      const_op -= 1;
	      op1 = GEN_INT (const_op);
	      code = GTU;
	      /* ... fall through ...  */
	    }

	  /* (unsigned) >= 0x80000000 is equivalent to < 0.  */
	  else if ((mode_width <= HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT)
		   && (const_op == (HOST_WIDE_INT) 1 << (mode_width - 1)))
	    {
	      const_op = 0, op1 = const0_rtx;
	      code = LT;
	      break;
	    }
	  else
	    break;

	case GTU:
	  /* unsigned > 0 is equivalent to != 0 */
	  if (const_op == 0)
	    code = NE;

	  /* (unsigned) > 0x7fffffff is equivalent to < 0.  */
	  else if ((mode_width <= HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT)
		    && (const_op == ((HOST_WIDE_INT) 1 << (mode_width - 1)) - 1))
	    {
	      const_op = 0, op1 = const0_rtx;
	      code = LT;
	    }
	  break;

	default:
	  break;
	}

      /* Compute some predicates to simplify code below.  */

      equality_comparison_p = (code == EQ || code == NE);
      sign_bit_comparison_p = ((code == LT || code == GE) && const_op == 0);
      unsigned_comparison_p = (code == LTU || code == LEU || code == GTU
			       || code == LEU);

      /* If this is a sign bit comparison and we can do arithmetic in
	 MODE, say that we will only be needing the sign bit of OP0.  */
      if (sign_bit_comparison_p
	  && GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode) <= HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT)
	op0 = force_to_mode (op0, mode,
			     ((HOST_WIDE_INT) 1
			      << (GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode) - 1)),
			     NULL_RTX, 0);

      /* Now try cases based on the opcode of OP0.  If none of the cases
	 does a "continue", we exit this loop immediately after the
	 switch.  */

      switch (GET_CODE (op0))
	{
	case ZERO_EXTRACT:
	  /* If we are extracting a single bit from a variable position in
	     a constant that has only a single bit set and are comparing it
	     with zero, we can convert this into an equality comparison 
	     between the position and the location of the single bit.  */

	  if (GET_CODE (XEXP (op0, 0)) == CONST_INT
	      && XEXP (op0, 1) == const1_rtx
	      && equality_comparison_p && const_op == 0
	      && (i = exact_log2 (INTVAL (XEXP (op0, 0)))) >= 0)
	    {
	      if (BITS_BIG_ENDIAN)
		{
#ifdef HAVE_extzv
		  mode = insn_operand_mode[(int) CODE_FOR_extzv][1];
		  if (mode == VOIDmode)
		    mode = word_mode;
		  i = (GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode) - 1 - i);
#else
	          i = BITS_PER_WORD - 1 - i;
#endif
		}

	      op0 = XEXP (op0, 2);
	      op1 = GEN_INT (i);
	      const_op = i;

	      /* Result is nonzero iff shift count is equal to I.  */
	      code = reverse_condition (code);
	      continue;
	    }

	  /* ... fall through ...  */

	case SIGN_EXTRACT:
	  tem = expand_compound_operation (op0);
	  if (tem != op0)
	    {
	      op0 = tem;
	      continue;
	    }
	  break;

	case NOT:
	  /* If testing for equality, we can take the NOT of the constant.  */
	  if (equality_comparison_p
	      && (tem = simplify_unary_operation (NOT, mode, op1, mode)) != 0)
	    {
	      op0 = XEXP (op0, 0);
	      op1 = tem;
	      continue;
	    }

	  /* If just looking at the sign bit, reverse the sense of the
	     comparison.  */
	  if (sign_bit_comparison_p)
	    {
	      op0 = XEXP (op0, 0);
	      code = (code == GE ? LT : GE);
	      continue;
	    }
	  break;

	case NEG:
	  /* If testing for equality, we can take the NEG of the constant.  */
	  if (equality_comparison_p
	      && (tem = simplify_unary_operation (NEG, mode, op1, mode)) != 0)
	    {
	      op0 = XEXP (op0, 0);
	      op1 = tem;
	      continue;
	    }

	  /* The remaining cases only apply to comparisons with zero.  */
	  if (const_op != 0)
	    break;

	  /* When X is ABS or is known positive,
	     (neg X) is < 0 if and only if X != 0.  */

	  if (sign_bit_comparison_p
	      && (GET_CODE (XEXP (op0, 0)) == ABS
		  || (mode_width <= HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT
		      && (nonzero_bits (XEXP (op0, 0), mode)
			  & ((HOST_WIDE_INT) 1 << (mode_width - 1))) == 0)))
	    {
	      op0 = XEXP (op0, 0);
	      code = (code == LT ? NE : EQ);
	      continue;
	    }

	  /* If we have NEG of something whose two high-order bits are the
	     same, we know that "(-a) < 0" is equivalent to "a > 0".  */
	  if (num_sign_bit_copies (op0, mode) >= 2)
	    {
	      op0 = XEXP (op0, 0);
	      code = swap_condition (code);
	      continue;
	    }
	  break;

	case ROTATE:
	  /* If we are testing equality and our count is a constant, we
	     can perform the inverse operation on our RHS.  */
	  if (equality_comparison_p && GET_CODE (XEXP (op0, 1)) == CONST_INT
	      && (tem = simplify_binary_operation (ROTATERT, mode,
						   op1, XEXP (op0, 1))) != 0)
	    {
	      op0 = XEXP (op0, 0);
	      op1 = tem;
	      continue;
	    }

	  /* If we are doing a < 0 or >= 0 comparison, it means we are testing
	     a particular bit.  Convert it to an AND of a constant of that
	     bit.  This will be converted into a ZERO_EXTRACT.  */
	  if (const_op == 0 && sign_bit_comparison_p
	      && GET_CODE (XEXP (op0, 1)) == CONST_INT
	      && mode_width <= HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT)
	    {
	      op0 = simplify_and_const_int (NULL_RTX, mode, XEXP (op0, 0),
					    ((HOST_WIDE_INT) 1
					     << (mode_width - 1
						 - INTVAL (XEXP (op0, 1)))));
	      code = (code == LT ? NE : EQ);
	      continue;
	    }

	  /* ... fall through ...  */

	case ABS:
	  /* ABS is ignorable inside an equality comparison with zero.  */
	  if (const_op == 0 && equality_comparison_p)
	    {
	      op0 = XEXP (op0, 0);
	      continue;
	    }
	  break;
	  

	case SIGN_EXTEND:
	  /* Can simplify (compare (zero/sign_extend FOO) CONST)
	     to (compare FOO CONST) if CONST fits in FOO's mode and we 
	     are either testing inequality or have an unsigned comparison
	     with ZERO_EXTEND or a signed comparison with SIGN_EXTEND.  */
	  if (! unsigned_comparison_p
	      && (GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (XEXP (op0, 0)))
		  <= HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT)
	      && ((unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT) const_op
		  < (((unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT) 1
		      << (GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (XEXP (op0, 0))) - 1)))))
	    {
	      op0 = XEXP (op0, 0);
	      continue;
	    }
	  break;

	case SUBREG:
	  /* Check for the case where we are comparing A - C1 with C2,
	     both constants are smaller than 1/2 the maximum positive
	     value in MODE, and the comparison is equality or unsigned.
	     In that case, if A is either zero-extended to MODE or has
	     sufficient sign bits so that the high-order bit in MODE
	     is a copy of the sign in the inner mode, we can prove that it is
	     safe to do the operation in the wider mode.  This simplifies
	     many range checks.  */

	  if (mode_width <= HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT
	      && subreg_lowpart_p (op0)
	      && GET_CODE (SUBREG_REG (op0)) == PLUS
	      && GET_CODE (XEXP (SUBREG_REG (op0), 1)) == CONST_INT
	      && INTVAL (XEXP (SUBREG_REG (op0), 1)) < 0
	      && (- INTVAL (XEXP (SUBREG_REG (op0), 1))
		  < (HOST_WIDE_INT)(GET_MODE_MASK (mode) / 2))
	      && (unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT) const_op < GET_MODE_MASK (mode) / 2
	      && (0 == (nonzero_bits (XEXP (SUBREG_REG (op0), 0),
				      GET_MODE (SUBREG_REG (op0)))
			& ~ GET_MODE_MASK (mode))
		  || (num_sign_bit_copies (XEXP (SUBREG_REG (op0), 0),
					   GET_MODE (SUBREG_REG (op0)))
		      > (GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (SUBREG_REG (op0)))
			 - GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode)))))
	    {
	      op0 = SUBREG_REG (op0);
	      continue;
	    }

	  /* If the inner mode is narrower and we are extracting the low part,
	     we can treat the SUBREG as if it were a ZERO_EXTEND.  */
	  if (subreg_lowpart_p (op0)
	      && GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (SUBREG_REG (op0))) < mode_width)
	    /* Fall through */ ;
	  else
	    break;

	  /* ... fall through ...  */

	case ZERO_EXTEND:
	  if ((unsigned_comparison_p || equality_comparison_p)
	      && (GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (XEXP (op0, 0)))
		  <= HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT)
	      && ((unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT) const_op
		  < GET_MODE_MASK (GET_MODE (XEXP (op0, 0)))))
	    {
	      op0 = XEXP (op0, 0);
	      continue;
	    }
	  break;

	case PLUS:
	  /* (eq (plus X A) B) -> (eq X (minus B A)).  We can only do
	     this for equality comparisons due to pathological cases involving
	     overflows.  */
	  if (equality_comparison_p
	      && 0 != (tem = simplify_binary_operation (MINUS, mode,
							op1, XEXP (op0, 1))))
	    {
	      op0 = XEXP (op0, 0);
	      op1 = tem;
	      continue;
	    }

	  /* (plus (abs X) (const_int -1)) is < 0 if and only if X == 0.  */
	  if (const_op == 0 && XEXP (op0, 1) == constm1_rtx
	      && GET_CODE (XEXP (op0, 0)) == ABS && sign_bit_comparison_p)
	    {
	      op0 = XEXP (XEXP (op0, 0), 0);
	      code = (code == LT ? EQ : NE);
	      continue;
	    }
	  break;

	case MINUS:
	  /* (eq (minus A B) C) -> (eq A (plus B C)) or
	     (eq B (minus A C)), whichever simplifies.  We can only do
	     this for equality comparisons due to pathological cases involving
	     overflows.  */
	  if (equality_comparison_p
	      && 0 != (tem = simplify_binary_operation (PLUS, mode,
							XEXP (op0, 1), op1)))
	    {
	      op0 = XEXP (op0, 0);
	      op1 = tem;
	      continue;
	    }

	  if (equality_comparison_p
	      && 0 != (tem = simplify_binary_operation (MINUS, mode,
							XEXP (op0, 0), op1)))
	    {
	      op0 = XEXP (op0, 1);
	      op1 = tem;
	      continue;
	    }

	  /* The sign bit of (minus (ashiftrt X C) X), where C is the number
	     of bits in X minus 1, is one iff X > 0.  */
	  if (sign_bit_comparison_p && GET_CODE (XEXP (op0, 0)) == ASHIFTRT
	      && GET_CODE (XEXP (XEXP (op0, 0), 1)) == CONST_INT
	      && INTVAL (XEXP (XEXP (op0, 0), 1)) == mode_width - 1
	      && rtx_equal_p (XEXP (XEXP (op0, 0), 0), XEXP (op0, 1)))
	    {
	      op0 = XEXP (op0, 1);
	      code = (code == GE ? LE : GT);
	      continue;
	    }
	  break;

	case XOR:
	  /* (eq (xor A B) C) -> (eq A (xor B C)).  This is a simplification
	     if C is zero or B is a constant.  */
	  if (equality_comparison_p
	      && 0 != (tem = simplify_binary_operation (XOR, mode,
							XEXP (op0, 1), op1)))
	    {
	      op0 = XEXP (op0, 0);
	      op1 = tem;
	      continue;
	    }
	  break;

	case EQ:  case NE:
	case LT:  case LTU:  case LE:  case LEU:
	case GT:  case GTU:  case GE:  case GEU:
	  /* We can't do anything if OP0 is a condition code value, rather
	     than an actual data value.  */
	  if (const_op != 0
#ifdef HAVE_cc0
	      || XEXP (op0, 0) == cc0_rtx
#endif
	      || GET_MODE_CLASS (GET_MODE (XEXP (op0, 0))) == MODE_CC)
	    break;

	  /* Get the two operands being compared.  */
	  if (GET_CODE (XEXP (op0, 0)) == COMPARE)
	    tem = XEXP (XEXP (op0, 0), 0), tem1 = XEXP (XEXP (op0, 0), 1);
	  else
	    tem = XEXP (op0, 0), tem1 = XEXP (op0, 1);

	  /* Check for the cases where we simply want the result of the
	     earlier test or the opposite of that result.  */
	  if (code == NE
	      || (code == EQ && reversible_comparison_p (op0))
	      || (GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (op0)) <= HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT
		  && GET_MODE_CLASS (GET_MODE (op0)) == MODE_INT
		  && (STORE_FLAG_VALUE
		      & (((HOST_WIDE_INT) 1
			  << (GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (op0)) - 1))))
		  && (code == LT
		      || (code == GE && reversible_comparison_p (op0)))))
	    {
	      code = (code == LT || code == NE
		      ? GET_CODE (op0) : reverse_condition (GET_CODE (op0)));
	      op0 = tem, op1 = tem1;
	      continue;
	    }
	  break;

	case IOR:
	  /* The sign bit of (ior (plus X (const_int -1)) X) is non-zero
	     iff X <= 0.  */
	  if (sign_bit_comparison_p && GET_CODE (XEXP (op0, 0)) == PLUS
	      && XEXP (XEXP (op0, 0), 1) == constm1_rtx
	      && rtx_equal_p (XEXP (XEXP (op0, 0), 0), XEXP (op0, 1)))
	    {
	      op0 = XEXP (op0, 1);
	      code = (code == GE ? GT : LE);
	      continue;
	    }
	  break;

	case AND:
	  /* Convert (and (xshift 1 X) Y) to (and (lshiftrt Y X) 1).  This
	     will be converted to a ZERO_EXTRACT later.  */
	  if (const_op == 0 && equality_comparison_p
	      && GET_CODE (XEXP (op0, 0)) == ASHIFT
	      && XEXP (XEXP (op0, 0), 0) == const1_rtx)
	    {
	      op0 = simplify_and_const_int
		(op0, mode, gen_rtx_combine (LSHIFTRT, mode,
					     XEXP (op0, 1),
					     XEXP (XEXP (op0, 0), 1)),
		 (HOST_WIDE_INT) 1);
	      continue;
	    }

	  /* If we are comparing (and (lshiftrt X C1) C2) for equality with
	     zero and X is a comparison and C1 and C2 describe only bits set
	     in STORE_FLAG_VALUE, we can compare with X.  */
	  if (const_op == 0 && equality_comparison_p
	      && mode_width <= HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT
	      && GET_CODE (XEXP (op0, 1)) == CONST_INT
	      && GET_CODE (XEXP (op0, 0)) == LSHIFTRT
	      && GET_CODE (XEXP (XEXP (op0, 0), 1)) == CONST_INT
	      && INTVAL (XEXP (XEXP (op0, 0), 1)) >= 0
	      && INTVAL (XEXP (XEXP (op0, 0), 1)) < HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT)
	    {
	      mask = ((INTVAL (XEXP (op0, 1)) & GET_MODE_MASK (mode))
		      << INTVAL (XEXP (XEXP (op0, 0), 1)));
	      if ((~ STORE_FLAG_VALUE & mask) == 0
		  && (GET_RTX_CLASS (GET_CODE (XEXP (XEXP (op0, 0), 0))) == '<'
		      || ((tem = get_last_value (XEXP (XEXP (op0, 0), 0))) != 0
			  && GET_RTX_CLASS (GET_CODE (tem)) == '<')))
		{
		  op0 = XEXP (XEXP (op0, 0), 0);
		  continue;
		}
	    }

	  /* If we are doing an equality comparison of an AND of a bit equal
	     to the sign bit, replace this with a LT or GE comparison of
	     the underlying value.  */
	  if (equality_comparison_p
	      && const_op == 0
	      && GET_CODE (XEXP (op0, 1)) == CONST_INT
	      && mode_width <= HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT
	      && ((INTVAL (XEXP (op0, 1)) & GET_MODE_MASK (mode))
		  == (unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT) 1 << (mode_width - 1)))
	    {
	      op0 = XEXP (op0, 0);
	      code = (code == EQ ? GE : LT);
	      continue;
	    }

	  /* If this AND operation is really a ZERO_EXTEND from a narrower
	     mode, the constant fits within that mode, and this is either an
	     equality or unsigned comparison, try to do this comparison in
	     the narrower mode.  */
	  if ((equality_comparison_p || unsigned_comparison_p)
	      && GET_CODE (XEXP (op0, 1)) == CONST_INT
	      && (i = exact_log2 ((INTVAL (XEXP (op0, 1))
				   & GET_MODE_MASK (mode))
				  + 1)) >= 0
	      && const_op >> i == 0
	      && (tmode = mode_for_size (i, MODE_INT, 1)) != BLKmode)
	    {
	      op0 = gen_lowpart_for_combine (tmode, XEXP (op0, 0));
	      continue;
	    }

	  /* If this is (and:M1 (subreg:M2 X 0) (const_int C1)) where C1 fits
	     in both M1 and M2 and the SUBREG is either paradoxical or
	     represents the low part, permute the SUBREG and the AND and
	     try again.  */
	  if (GET_CODE (XEXP (op0, 0)) == SUBREG
	      && ((mode_width
		   >= GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (SUBREG_REG (XEXP (op0, 0)))))
#ifdef WORD_REGISTER_OPERATIONS
		  || subreg_lowpart_p (XEXP (op0, 0))
#endif
		  )
#ifndef WORD_REGISTER_OPERATIONS
	      /* It is unsafe to commute the AND into the SUBREG if the SUBREG
		 is paradoxical and WORD_REGISTER_OPERATIONS is not defined.
		 As originally written the upper bits have a defined value
		 due to the AND operation.  However, if we commute the AND
		 inside the SUBREG then they no longer have defined values
		 and the meaning of the code has been changed.  */
	      && (GET_MODE_SIZE (GET_MODE (XEXP (op0, 0)))
		  <= GET_MODE_SIZE (GET_MODE (SUBREG_REG (XEXP (op0, 0)))))
#endif
	      && GET_CODE (XEXP (op0, 1)) == CONST_INT
	      && mode_width <= HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT
	      && (GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (SUBREG_REG (XEXP (op0, 0))))
		  <= HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT)
	      && (INTVAL (XEXP (op0, 1)) & ~ mask) == 0
	      && 0 == (~ GET_MODE_MASK (GET_MODE (SUBREG_REG (XEXP (op0, 0))))
		       & INTVAL (XEXP (op0, 1)))
	      && (unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT) INTVAL (XEXP (op0, 1)) != mask
	      && ((unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT) INTVAL (XEXP (op0, 1))
		  != GET_MODE_MASK (GET_MODE (SUBREG_REG (XEXP (op0, 0))))))
		       
	    {
	      op0
		= gen_lowpart_for_combine
		  (mode,
		   gen_binary (AND, GET_MODE (SUBREG_REG (XEXP (op0, 0))),
			       SUBREG_REG (XEXP (op0, 0)), XEXP (op0, 1)));
	      continue;
	    }

	  break;

	case ASHIFT:
	  /* If we have (compare (ashift FOO N) (const_int C)) and
	     the high order N bits of FOO (N+1 if an inequality comparison)
	     are known to be zero, we can do this by comparing FOO with C
	     shifted right N bits so long as the low-order N bits of C are
	     zero.  */
	  if (GET_CODE (XEXP (op0, 1)) == CONST_INT
	      && INTVAL (XEXP (op0, 1)) >= 0
	      && ((INTVAL (XEXP (op0, 1)) + ! equality_comparison_p)
		  < HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT)
	      && ((const_op
		   & (((HOST_WIDE_INT) 1 << INTVAL (XEXP (op0, 1))) - 1)) == 0)
	      && mode_width <= HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT
	      && (nonzero_bits (XEXP (op0, 0), mode)
		  & ~ (mask >> (INTVAL (XEXP (op0, 1))
				+ ! equality_comparison_p))) == 0)
	    {
	      const_op >>= INTVAL (XEXP (op0, 1));
	      op1 = GEN_INT (const_op);
	      op0 = XEXP (op0, 0);
	      continue;
	    }

	  /* If we are doing a sign bit comparison, it means we are testing
	     a particular bit.  Convert it to the appropriate AND.  */
	  if (sign_bit_comparison_p && GET_CODE (XEXP (op0, 1)) == CONST_INT
	      && mode_width <= HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT)
	    {
	      op0 = simplify_and_const_int (NULL_RTX, mode, XEXP (op0, 0),
					    ((HOST_WIDE_INT) 1
					     << (mode_width - 1
						 - INTVAL (XEXP (op0, 1)))));
	      code = (code == LT ? NE : EQ);
	      continue;
	    }

	  /* If this an equality comparison with zero and we are shifting
	     the low bit to the sign bit, we can convert this to an AND of the
	     low-order bit.  */
	  if (const_op == 0 && equality_comparison_p
	      && GET_CODE (XEXP (op0, 1)) == CONST_INT
	      && INTVAL (XEXP (op0, 1)) == mode_width - 1)
	    {
	      op0 = simplify_and_const_int (NULL_RTX, mode, XEXP (op0, 0),
					    (HOST_WIDE_INT) 1);
	      continue;
	    }
	  break;

	case ASHIFTRT:
	  /* If this is an equality comparison with zero, we can do this
	     as a logical shift, which might be much simpler.  */
	  if (equality_comparison_p && const_op == 0
	      && GET_CODE (XEXP (op0, 1)) == CONST_INT)
	    {
	      op0 = simplify_shift_const (NULL_RTX, LSHIFTRT, mode,
					  XEXP (op0, 0),
					  INTVAL (XEXP (op0, 1)));
	      continue;
	    }

	  /* If OP0 is a sign extension and CODE is not an unsigned comparison,
	     do the comparison in a narrower mode.  */
	  if (! unsigned_comparison_p
	      && GET_CODE (XEXP (op0, 1)) == CONST_INT
	      && GET_CODE (XEXP (op0, 0)) == ASHIFT
	      && XEXP (op0, 1) == XEXP (XEXP (op0, 0), 1)
	      && (tmode = mode_for_size (mode_width - INTVAL (XEXP (op0, 1)),
					 MODE_INT, 1)) != BLKmode
	      && ((unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT) const_op <= GET_MODE_MASK (tmode)
		  || ((unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT) - const_op
		      <= GET_MODE_MASK (tmode))))
	    {
	      op0 = gen_lowpart_for_combine (tmode, XEXP (XEXP (op0, 0), 0));
	      continue;
	    }

	  /* ... fall through ...  */
	case LSHIFTRT:
	  /* If we have (compare (xshiftrt FOO N) (const_int C)) and
	     the low order N bits of FOO are known to be zero, we can do this
	     by comparing FOO with C shifted left N bits so long as no
	     overflow occurs.  */
	  if (GET_CODE (XEXP (op0, 1)) == CONST_INT
	      && INTVAL (XEXP (op0, 1)) >= 0
	      && INTVAL (XEXP (op0, 1)) < HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT
	      && mode_width <= HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT
	      && (nonzero_bits (XEXP (op0, 0), mode)
		  & (((HOST_WIDE_INT) 1 << INTVAL (XEXP (op0, 1))) - 1)) == 0
	      && (const_op == 0
		  || (floor_log2 (const_op) + INTVAL (XEXP (op0, 1))
		      < mode_width)))
	    {
	      const_op <<= INTVAL (XEXP (op0, 1));
	      op1 = GEN_INT (const_op);
	      op0 = XEXP (op0, 0);
	      continue;
	    }

	  /* If we are using this shift to extract just the sign bit, we
	     can replace this with an LT or GE comparison.  */
	  if (const_op == 0
	      && (equality_comparison_p || sign_bit_comparison_p)
	      && GET_CODE (XEXP (op0, 1)) == CONST_INT
	      && INTVAL (XEXP (op0, 1)) == mode_width - 1)
	    {
	      op0 = XEXP (op0, 0);
	      code = (code == NE || code == GT ? LT : GE);
	      continue;
	    }
	  break;
	  
	default:
	  break;
	}

      break;
    }

  /* Now make any compound operations involved in this comparison.  Then,
     check for an outmost SUBREG on OP0 that is not doing anything or is
     paradoxical.  The latter case can only occur when it is known that the
     "extra" bits will be zero.  Therefore, it is safe to remove the SUBREG.
     We can never remove a SUBREG for a non-equality comparison because the
     sign bit is in a different place in the underlying object.  */

  op0 = make_compound_operation (op0, op1 == const0_rtx ? COMPARE : SET);
  op1 = make_compound_operation (op1, SET);

  if (GET_CODE (op0) == SUBREG && subreg_lowpart_p (op0)
      && GET_MODE_CLASS (GET_MODE (op0)) == MODE_INT
      && (code == NE || code == EQ)
      && ((GET_MODE_SIZE (GET_MODE (op0))
	   > GET_MODE_SIZE (GET_MODE (SUBREG_REG (op0))))))
    {
      op0 = SUBREG_REG (op0);
      op1 = gen_lowpart_for_combine (GET_MODE (op0), op1);
    }

  else if (GET_CODE (op0) == SUBREG && subreg_lowpart_p (op0)
	   && GET_MODE_CLASS (GET_MODE (op0)) == MODE_INT
	   && (code == NE || code == EQ)
	   && (GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (SUBREG_REG (op0)))
	       <= HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT)
	   && (nonzero_bits (SUBREG_REG (op0), GET_MODE (SUBREG_REG (op0)))
	       & ~ GET_MODE_MASK (GET_MODE (op0))) == 0
	   && (tem = gen_lowpart_for_combine (GET_MODE (SUBREG_REG (op0)),
					      op1),
	       (nonzero_bits (tem, GET_MODE (SUBREG_REG (op0)))
		& ~ GET_MODE_MASK (GET_MODE (op0))) == 0))
    op0 = SUBREG_REG (op0), op1 = tem;

  /* We now do the opposite procedure: Some machines don't have compare
     insns in all modes.  If OP0's mode is an integer mode smaller than a
     word and we can't do a compare in that mode, see if there is a larger
     mode for which we can do the compare.  There are a number of cases in
     which we can use the wider mode.  */

  mode = GET_MODE (op0);
  if (mode != VOIDmode && GET_MODE_CLASS (mode) == MODE_INT
      && GET_MODE_SIZE (mode) < UNITS_PER_WORD
      && cmp_optab->handlers[(int) mode].insn_code == CODE_FOR_nothing)
    for (tmode = GET_MODE_WIDER_MODE (mode);
	 (tmode != VOIDmode
	  && GET_MODE_BITSIZE (tmode) <= HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT);
	 tmode = GET_MODE_WIDER_MODE (tmode))
      if (cmp_optab->handlers[(int) tmode].insn_code != CODE_FOR_nothing)
	{
	  /* If the only nonzero bits in OP0 and OP1 are those in the
	     narrower mode and this is an equality or unsigned comparison,
	     we can use the wider mode.  Similarly for sign-extended
	     values, in which case it is true for all comparisons.  */
	  if (((code == EQ || code == NE
		|| code == GEU || code == GTU || code == LEU || code == LTU)
	       && (nonzero_bits (op0, tmode) & ~ GET_MODE_MASK (mode)) == 0
	       && (nonzero_bits (op1, tmode) & ~ GET_MODE_MASK (mode)) == 0)
	      || ((num_sign_bit_copies (op0, tmode)
		   > GET_MODE_BITSIZE (tmode) - GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode))
		  && (num_sign_bit_copies (op1, tmode)
		      > GET_MODE_BITSIZE (tmode) - GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode))))
	    {
	      op0 = gen_lowpart_for_combine (tmode, op0);
	      op1 = gen_lowpart_for_combine (tmode, op1);
	      break;
	    }

	  /* If this is a test for negative, we can make an explicit
	     test of the sign bit.  */

	  if (op1 == const0_rtx && (code == LT || code == GE)
	      && GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode) <= HOST_BITS_PER_WIDE_INT)
	    {
	      op0 = gen_binary (AND, tmode,
				gen_lowpart_for_combine (tmode, op0),
				GEN_INT ((HOST_WIDE_INT) 1
					 << (GET_MODE_BITSIZE (mode) - 1)));
	      code = (code == LT) ? NE : EQ;
	      break;
	    }
	}

#ifdef CANONICALIZE_COMPARISON
  /* If this machine only supports a subset of valid comparisons, see if we
     can convert an unsupported one into a supported one.  */
  CANONICALIZE_COMPARISON (code, op0, op1);
#endif

  *pop0 = op0;
  *pop1 = op1;

  return code;
}

/* Return 1 if we know that X, a comparison operation, is not operating
   on a floating-point value or is EQ or NE, meaning that we can safely
   reverse it.  */

static int
reversible_comparison_p (x)
     rtx x;
{
  if (TARGET_FLOAT_FORMAT != IEEE_FLOAT_FORMAT
      || flag_fast_math
      || GET_CODE (x) == NE || GET_CODE (x) == EQ)
    return 1;

  switch (GET_MODE_CLASS (GET_MODE (XEXP (x, 0))))
    {
    case MODE_INT:
    case MODE_PARTIAL_INT:
    case MODE_COMPLEX_INT:
      return 1;

    case MODE_CC:
      /* If the mode of the condition codes tells us that this is safe,
	 we need look no further.  */
      if (REVERSIBLE_CC_MODE (GET_MODE (XEXP (x, 0))))
	return 1;

      /* Otherwise try and find where the condition codes were last set and
	 use that.  */
      x = get_last_value (XEXP (x, 0));
      return (x && GET_CODE (x) == COMPARE
	      && ! FLOAT_MODE_P (GET_MODE (XEXP (x, 0))));
      
    default:
      return 0;
    }
}

/* Utility function for following routine.  Called when X is part of a value
   being stored into reg_last_set_value.  Sets reg_last_set_table_tick
   for each register mentioned.  Similar to mention_regs in cse.c  */

static void
update_table_tick (x)
     rtx x;
{
  register enum rtx_code code = GET_CODE (x);
  register char *fmt = GET_RTX_FORMAT (code);
  register int i;

  if (code == REG)
    {
      int regno = REGNO (x);
      int endregno = regno + (regno < FIRST_PSEUDO_REGISTER
			      ? HARD_REGNO_NREGS (regno, GET_MODE (x)) : 1);

      for (i = regno; i < endregno; i++)
	reg_last_set_table_tick[i] = label_tick;

      return;
    }
  
  for (i = GET_RTX_LENGTH (code) - 1; i >= 0; i--)
    /* Note that we can't have an "E" in values stored; see
       get_last_value_validate.  */
    if (fmt[i] == 'e')
      update_table_tick (XEXP (x, i));
}

/* Record that REG is set to VALUE in insn INSN.  If VALUE is zero, we
   are saying that the register is clobbered and we no longer know its
   value.  If INSN is zero, don't update reg_last_set; this is only permitted
   with VALUE also zero and is used to invalidate the register.  */

static void
record_value_for_reg (reg, insn, value)
     rtx reg;
     rtx insn;
     rtx value;
{
  int regno = REGNO (reg);
  int endregno = regno + (regno < FIRST_PSEUDO_REGISTER
			  ? HARD_REGNO_NREGS (regno, GET_MODE (reg)) : 1);
  int i;

  /* If VALUE contains REG and we have a previous value for REG, substitute
     the previous value.  */
  if (value && insn && reg_overlap_mentioned_p (reg, value))
    {
      rtx tem;

      /* Set things up so get_last_value is allowed to see anything set up to
	 our insn.  */
      subst_low_cuid = INSN_CUID (insn);
      tem = get_last_value (reg);      

      if (tem)
	value = replace_rtx (copy_rtx (value), reg, tem);
    }

  /* For each register modified, show we don't know its value, that
     we don't know about its bitwise content, that its value has been
     updated, and that we don't know the location of the death of the
     register.  */
  for (i = regno; i < endregno; i ++)
    {
      if (insn)
	reg_last_set[i] = insn;
      reg_last_set_value[i] = 0;
      reg_last_set_mode[i] = 0;
      reg_last_set_nonzero_bits[i] = 0;
      reg_last_set_sign_bit_copies[i] = 0;
      reg_last_death[i] = 0;
    }

  /* Mark registers that are being referenced in this value.  */
  if (value)
    update_table_tick (value);

  /* Now update the status of each register being set.
     If someone is using this register in this block, set this register
     to invalid since we will get confused between the two lives in this
     basic block.  This makes using this register always invalid.  In cse, we
     scan the table to invalidate all entries using this register, but this
     is too much work for us.  */

  for (i = regno; i < endregno; i++)
    {
      reg_last_set_label[i] = label_tick;
      if (value && reg_last_set_table_tick[i] == label_tick)
	reg_last_set_invalid[i] = 1;
      else
	reg_last_set_invalid[i] = 0;
    }

  /* The value being assigned might refer to X (like in "x++;").  In that
     case, we must replace it with (clobber (const_int 0)) to prevent
     infinite loops.  */
  if (value && ! get_last_value_validate (&value, insn,
					  reg_last_set_label[regno], 0))
    {
      value = copy_rtx (value);
      if (! get_last_value_validate (&value, insn,
				     reg_last_set_label[regno], 1))
	value = 0;
    }

  /* For the main register being modified, update the value, the mode, the
     nonzero bits, and the number of sign bit copies.  */

  reg_last_set_value[regno] = value;

  if (value)
    {
      subst_low_cuid = INSN_CUID (insn);
      reg_last_set_mode[regno] = GET_MODE (reg);
      reg_last_set_nonzero_bits[regno] = nonzero_bits (value, GET_MODE (reg));
      reg_last_set_sign_bit_copies[regno]
	= num_sign_bit_copies (value, GET_MODE (reg));
    }
}

/* Used for communication between the following two routines.  */
static rtx record_dead_insn;

/* Called via note_stores from record_dead_and_set_regs to handle one
   SET or CLOBBER in an insn.  */

static void
record_dead_and_set_regs_1 (dest, setter)
     rtx dest, setter;
{
  if (GET_CODE (dest) == SUBREG)
    dest = SUBREG_REG (dest);

  if (GET_CODE (dest) == REG)
    {
      /* If we are setting the whole register, we know its value.  Otherwise
	 show that we don't know the value.  We can handle SUBREG in
	 some cases.  */
      if (GET_CODE (setter) == SET && dest == SET_DEST (setter))
	record_value_for_reg (dest, record_dead_insn, SET_SRC (setter));
      else if (GET_CODE (setter) == SET
	       && GET_CODE (SET_DEST (setter)) == SUBREG
	       && SUBREG_REG (SET_DEST (setter)) == dest
	       && GET_MODE_BITSIZE (GET_MODE (dest)) <= BITS_PER_WORD
	       && subreg_lowpart_p (SET_DEST (setter)))
	record_value_for_reg (dest, record_dead_insn,
			      gen_lowpart_for_combine (GET_MODE (dest),
						       SET_SRC (setter)));
      else
	record_value_for_reg (dest, record_dead_insn, NULL_RTX);
    }
  else if (GET_CODE (dest) == MEM
	   /* Ignore pushes, they clobber nothing.  */
	   && ! push_operand (dest, GET_MODE (dest)))
    mem_last_set = INSN_CUID (record_dead_insn);
}

/* Update the records of when each REG was most recently set or killed
   for the things done by INSN.  This is the last thing done in processing
   INSN in the combiner loop.

   We update reg_last_set, reg_last_set_value, reg_last_set_mode,
   reg_last_set_nonzero_bits, reg_last_set_sign_bit_copies, reg_last_death,
   and also the similar information mem_last_set (which insn most recently
   modified memory) and last_call_cuid (which insn was the most recent
   subroutine call).  */

static void
record_dead_and_set_regs (insn)
     rtx insn;
{
  register rtx link;
  int i;

  for (link = REG_NOTES (insn); link; link = XEXP (link, 1))
    {
      if (REG_NOTE_KIND (link) == REG_DEAD
	  && GET_CODE (XEXP (link, 0)) == REG)
	{
	  int regno = REGNO (XEXP (link, 0));
	  int endregno
	    = regno + (regno < FIRST_PSEUDO_REGISTER
		       ? HARD_REGNO_NREGS (regno, GET_MODE (XEXP (link, 0)))
		       : 1);

	  for (i = regno; i < endregno; i++)
	    reg_last_death[i] = insn;
	}
      else if (REG_NOTE_KIND (link) == REG_INC)
	record_value_for_reg (XEXP (link, 0), insn, NULL_RTX);
    }

  if (GET_CODE (insn) == CALL_INSN)
    {
      for (i = 0; i < FIRST_PSEUDO_REGISTER; i++)
	if (call_used_regs[i])
	  {
	    reg_last_set_value[i] = 0;
	    reg_last_set_mode[i] = 0;
	    reg_last_set_nonzero_bits[i] = 0;
	    reg_last_set_sign_bit_copies[i] = 0;
	    reg_last_death[i] = 0;
	  }

      last_call_cuid = mem_last_set = INSN_CUID (insn);
    }

  record_dead_insn = insn;
  note_stores (PATTERN (insn), record_dead_and_set_regs_1);
}

/* Utility routine for the following function.  Verify that all the registers
   mentioned in *LOC are valid when *LOC was part of a value set when
   label_tick == TICK.  Return 0 if some are not.

   If REPLACE is non-zero, replace the invalid reference with
   (clobber (const_int 0)) and return 1.  This replacement is useful because
   we often can get useful information about the form of a value (e.g., if
   it was produced by a shift that always produces -1 or 0) even though
   we don't know exactly what registers it was produced from.  */

static int
get_last_value_validate (loc, insn, tick, replace)
     rtx *loc;
     rtx insn;
     int tick;
     int replace;
{
  rtx x = *loc;
  char *fmt = GET_RTX_FORMAT (GET_CODE (x));
  int len = GET_RTX_LENGTH (GET_CODE (x));
  int i;

  if (GET_CODE (x) == REG)
    {
      int regno = REGNO (x);
      int endregno = regno + (regno < FIRST_PSEUDO_REGISTER
			      ? HARD_REGNO_NREGS (regno, GET_MODE (x)) : 1);
      int j;

      for (j = regno; j < endregno; j++)
	if (reg_last_set_invalid[j]
	    /* If this is a pseudo-register that was only set once, it is
	       always valid.  */
	    || (! (regno >= FIRST_PSEUDO_REGISTER && REG_N_SETS (regno) == 1)
		&& reg_last_set_label[j] > tick))
	  {
	    if (replace)
	      *loc = gen_rtx_CLOBBER (GET_MODE (x), const0_rtx);
	    return replace;
	  }

      return 1;
    }
  /* If this is a memory reference, make sure that there were
     no stores after it that might have clobbered the value.  We don't
     have alias info, so we assume any store invalidates it.  */
  else if (GET_CODE (x) == MEM && ! RTX_UNCHANGING_P (x)
	   && INSN_CUID (insn) <= mem_last_set)
    {
      if (replace)
	*loc = gen_rtx_CLOBBER (GET_MODE (x), const0_rtx);
      return replace;
    }

  for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
    if ((fmt[i] == 'e'
	 && get_last_value_validate (&XEXP (x, i), insn, tick, replace) == 0)
	/* Don't bother with these.  They shouldn't occur anyway.  */
	|| fmt[i] == 'E')
      return 0;

  /* If we haven't found a reason for it to be invalid, it is valid.  */
  return 1;
}

/* Get the last value assigned to X, if known.  Some registers
   in the value may be replaced with (clobber (const_int 0)) if their value
   is known longer known reliably.  */

static rtx
get_last_value (x)
     rtx x;
{
  int regno;
  rtx value;

  /* If this is a non-paradoxical SUBREG, get the value of its operand and
     then convert it to the desired mode.  If this is a paradoxical SUBREG,
     we cannot predict what values the "extra" bits might have.  */
  if (GET_CODE (x) == SUBREG
      && subreg_lowpart_p (x)
      && (GET_MODE_SIZE (GET_MODE (x))
	  <= GET_MODE_SIZE (GET_MODE (SUBREG_REG (x))))
      && (value = get_last_value (SUBREG_REG (x))) != 0)
    return gen_lowpart_for_combine (GET_MODE (x), value);

  if (GET_CODE (x) != REG)
    return 0;

  regno = REGNO (x);
  value = reg_last_set_value[regno];

  /* If we don't have a value or if it isn't for this basic block,
     return 0.  */

  if (value == 0
      || (REG_N_SETS (regno) != 1
	  && reg_last_set_label[regno] != label_tick))
    return 0;

  /* If the value was set in a later insn than the ones we are processing,
     we can't use it even if the register was only set once.  */
  if (INSN_CUID (reg_last_set[regno]) >= subst_low_cuid)
    return 0;

  /* If the value has all its registers valid, return it.  */
  if (get_last_value_validate (&value, reg_last_set[regno],
			       reg_last_set_label[regno], 0))
    return value;

  /* Otherwise, make a copy and replace any invalid register with
     (clobber (const_int 0)).  If that fails for some reason, return 0.  */

  value = copy_rtx (value);
  if (get_last_value_validate (&value, reg_last_set[regno],
			       reg_last_set_label[regno], 1))
    return value;

  return 0;
}

/* Return nonzero if expression X refers to a REG or to memory
   that is set in an instruction more recent than FROM_CUID.  */

static int
use_crosses_set_p (x, from_cuid)
     register rtx x;
     int from_cuid;
{
  register char *fmt;
  register int i;
  register enum rtx_code code = GET_CODE (x);

  if (code == REG)
    {
      register int regno = REGNO (x);
      int endreg = regno + (regno < FIRST_PSEUDO_REGISTER
			    ? HARD_REGNO_NREGS (regno, GET_MODE (x)) : 1);
      
#ifdef PUSH_ROUNDING
      /* Don't allow uses of the stack pointer to be moved,
	 because we don't know whether the move crosses a push insn.  */
      if (regno == STACK_POINTER_REGNUM)
	return 1;
#endif
      for (;regno < endreg; regno++)
	if (reg_last_set[regno]
	    && INSN_CUID (reg_last_set[regno]) > from_cuid)
	  return 1;
      return 0;
    }

  if (code == MEM && mem_last_set > from_cuid)
    return 1;

  fmt = GET_RTX_FORMAT (code);

  for (i = GET_RTX_LENGTH (code) - 1; i >= 0; i--)
    {
      if (fmt[i] == 'E')
	{
	  register int j;
	  for (j = XVECLEN (x, i) - 1; j >= 0; j--)
	    if (use_crosses_set_p (XVECEXP (x, i, j), from_cuid))
	      return 1;
	}
      else if (fmt[i] == 'e'
	       && use_crosses_set_p (XEXP (x, i), from_cuid))
	return 1;
    }
  return 0;
}

/* Define three variables used for communication between the following
   routines.  */

static int reg_dead_regno, reg_dead_endregno;
static int reg_dead_flag;

/* Function called via note_stores from reg_dead_at_p.

   If DEST is within [reg_dead_regno, reg_dead_endregno), set 
   reg_dead_flag to 1 if X is a CLOBBER and to -1 it is a SET.  */

static void
reg_dead_at_p_1 (dest, x)
     rtx dest;
     rtx x;
{
  int regno, endregno;

  if (GET_CODE (dest) != REG)
    return;

  regno = REGNO (dest);
  endregno = regno + (regno < FIRST_PSEUDO_REGISTER 
		      ? HARD_REGNO_NREGS (regno, GET_MODE (dest)) : 1);

  if (reg_dead_endregno > regno && reg_dead_regno < endregno)
    reg_dead_flag = (GET_CODE (x) == CLOBBER) ? 1 : -1;
}

/* Return non-zero if REG is known to be dead at INSN.

   We scan backwards from INSN.  If we hit a REG_DEAD note or a CLOBBER
   referencing REG, it is dead.  If we hit a SET referencing REG, it is
   live.  Otherwise, see if it is live or dead at the start of the basic
   block we are in.  Hard regs marked as being live in NEWPAT_USED_REGS
   must be assumed to be always live.  */

static int
reg_dead_at_p (reg, insn)
     rtx reg;
     rtx insn;
{
  int block, i;

  /* Set variables for reg_dead_at_p_1.  */
  reg_dead_regno = REGNO (reg);
  reg_dead_endregno = reg_dead_regno + (reg_dead_regno < FIRST_PSEUDO_REGISTER
					? HARD_REGNO_NREGS (reg_dead_regno,
							    GET_MODE (reg))
					: 1);

  reg_dead_flag = 0;

  /* Check that reg isn't mentioned in NEWPAT_USED_REGS.  */
  if (reg_dead_regno < FIRST_PSEUDO_REGISTER)
    {
      for (i = reg_dead_regno; i < reg_dead_endregno; i++)
	if (TEST_HARD_REG_BIT (newpat_used_regs, i))
	  return 0;
    }

  /* Scan backwards until we find a REG_DEAD note, SET, CLOBBER, label, or
     beginning of function.  */
  for (; insn && GET_CODE (insn) != CODE_LABEL && GET_CODE (insn) != BARRIER;
       insn = prev_nonnote_insn (insn))
    {
      note_stores (PATTERN (insn), reg_dead_at_p_1);
      if (reg_dead_flag)
	return reg_dead_flag == 1 ? 1 : 0;

      if (find_regno_note (insn, REG_DEAD, reg_dead_regno))
	return 1;
    }

  /* Get the basic block number that we were in.  */
  if (insn == 0)
    block = 0;
  else
    {
      for (block = 0; block < n_basic_blocks; block++)
	if (insn == BLOCK_HEAD (block))
	  break;

      if (block == n_basic_blocks)
	return 0;
    }

  for (i = reg_dead_regno; i < reg_dead_endregno; i++)
    if (REGNO_REG_SET_P (BASIC_BLOCK (block)->global_live_at_start, i))
      return 0;

  return 1;
}

/* Note hard registers in X that are used.  This code is similar to
   that in flow.c, but much simpler since we don't care about pseudos.  */

static void
mark_used_regs_combine (x)
     rtx x;
{
  register RTX_CODE code = GET_CODE (x);
  register int regno;
  int i;

  switch (code)
    {
    case LABEL_REF:
    case SYMBOL_REF:
    case CONST_INT:
    case CONST:
    case CONST_DOUBLE:
    case PC:
    case ADDR_VEC:
    case ADDR_DIFF_VEC:
    case ASM_INPUT:
#ifdef HAVE_cc0
    /* CC0 must die in the insn after it is set, so we don't need to take
       special note of it here.  */
    case CC0:
#endif
      return;

    case CLOBBER:
      /* If we are clobbering a MEM, mark any hard registers inside the
	 address as used.  */
      if (GET_CODE (XEXP (x, 0)) == MEM)
	mark_used_regs_combine (XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 0));
      return;

    case REG:
      regno = REGNO (x);
      /* A hard reg in a wide mode may really be multiple registers.
	 If so, mark all of them just like the first.  */
      if (regno < FIRST_PSEUDO_REGISTER)
	{
	  /* None of this applies to the stack, frame or arg pointers */
	  if (regno == STACK_POINTER_REGNUM
#if FRAME_POINTER_REGNUM != HARD_FRAME_POINTER_REGNUM
	      || regno == HARD_FRAME_POINTER_REGNUM
#endif
#if FRAME_POINTER_REGNUM != ARG_POINTER_REGNUM
	      || (regno == ARG_POINTER_REGNUM && fixed_regs[regno])
#endif
	      || regno == FRAME_POINTER_REGNUM)
	    return;

	  i = HARD_REGNO_NREGS (regno, GET_MODE (x));
	  while (i-- > 0)
	    SET_HARD_REG_BIT (newpat_used_regs, regno + i);
	}
      return;

    case SET:
      {
	/* If setting a MEM, or a SUBREG of a MEM, then note any hard regs in
	   the address.  */
	register rtx testreg = SET_DEST (x);

	while (GET_CODE (testreg) == SUBREG
	       || GET_CODE (testreg) == ZERO_EXTRACT
	       || GET_CODE (testreg) == SIGN_EXTRACT
	       || GET_CODE (testreg) == STRICT_LOW_PART)
	  testreg = XEXP (testreg, 0);

	if (GET_CODE (testreg) == MEM)
	  mark_used_regs_combine (XEXP (testreg, 0));

	mark_used_regs_combine (SET_SRC (x));
      }
      return;

    default:
      break;
    }

  /* Recursively scan the operands of this expression.  */

  {
    register char *fmt = GET_RTX_FORMAT (code);

    for (i = GET_RTX_LENGTH (code) - 1; i >= 0; i--)
      {
        if (fmt[i] == 'e')
	  mark_used_regs_combine (XEXP (x, i));
        else if (fmt[i] == 'E')
          {
            register int j;

            for (j = 0; j < XVECLEN (x, i); j++)
              mark_used_regs_combine (XVECEXP (x, i, j));
          }
      }
  }
}


/* Remove register number REGNO from the dead registers list of INSN.

   Return the note used to record the death, if there was one.  */

rtx
remove_death (regno, insn)
     int regno;
     rtx insn;
{
  register rtx note = find_regno_note (insn, REG_DEAD, regno);

  if (note)
    {
      REG_N_DEATHS (regno)--;
      remove_note (insn, note);
    }

  return note;
}

/* For each register (hardware or pseudo) used within expression X, if its
   death is in an instruction with cuid between FROM_CUID (inclusive) and
   TO_INSN (exclusive), put a REG_DEAD note for that register in the
   list headed by PNOTES. 

   That said, don't move registers killed by maybe_kill_insn.

   This is done when X is being merged by combination into TO_INSN.  These
   notes will then be distributed as needed.  */

static void
move_deaths (x, maybe_kill_insn, from_cuid, to_insn, pnotes)
     rtx x;
     rtx maybe_kill_insn;
     int from_cuid;
     rtx to_insn;
     rtx *pnotes;
{
  register char *fmt;
  register int len, i;
  register enum rtx_code code = GET_CODE (x);

  if (code == REG)
    {
      register int regno = REGNO (x);
      register rtx where_dead = reg_last_death[regno];
      register rtx before_dead, after_dead;

      /* Don't move the register if it gets killed in between from and to */
      if (maybe_kill_insn && reg_set_p (x, maybe_kill_insn)
	  && !reg_referenced_p (x, maybe_kill_insn))
	return;

      /* WHERE_DEAD could be a USE insn made by combine, so first we
	 make sure that we have insns with valid INSN_CUID values.  */
      before_dead = where_dead;
      while (before_dead && INSN_UID (before_dead) > max_uid_cuid)
	before_dead = PREV_INSN (before_dead);
      after_dead = where_dead;
      while (after_dead && INSN_UID (after_dead) > max_uid_cuid)
	after_dead = NEXT_INSN (after_dead);

      if (before_dead && after_dead
	  && INSN_CUID (before_dead) >= from_cuid
	  && (INSN_CUID (after_dead) < INSN_CUID (to_insn)
	      || (where_dead != after_dead
		  && INSN_CUID (after_dead) == INSN_CUID (to_insn))))
	{
	  rtx note = remove_death (regno, where_dead);

	  /* It is possible for the call above to return 0.  This can occur
	     when reg_last_death points to I2 or I1 that we combined with.
	     In that case make a new note.

	     We must also check for the case where X is a hard register
	     and NOTE is a death note for a range of hard registers
	     including X.  In that case, we must put REG_DEAD notes for
	     the remaining registers in place of NOTE.  */

	  if (note != 0 && regno < FIRST_PSEUDO_REGISTER
	      && (GET_MODE_SIZE (GET_MODE (XEXP (note, 0)))
		  > GET_MODE_SIZE (GET_MODE (x))))
	    {
	      int deadregno = REGNO (XEXP (note, 0));
	      int deadend
		= (deadregno + HARD_REGNO_NREGS (deadregno,
						 GET_MODE (XEXP (note, 0))));
	      int ourend = regno + HARD_REGNO_NREGS (regno, GET_MODE (x));
	      int i;

	      for (i = deadregno; i < deadend; i++)
		if (i < regno || i >= ourend)
		  REG_NOTES (where_dead)
		    = gen_rtx_EXPR_LIST (REG_DEAD,
					 gen_rtx_REG (reg_raw_mode[i], i),
					 REG_NOTES (where_dead));
	    }
	  /* If we didn't find any note, or if we found a REG_DEAD note that
	     covers only part of the given reg, and we have a multi-reg hard
	     register, then to be safe we must check for REG_DEAD notes
	     for each register other than the first.  They could have
	     their own REG_DEAD notes lying around.  */
	  else if ((note == 0
		    || (note != 0
			&& (GET_MODE_SIZE (GET_MODE (XEXP (note, 0)))
			    < GET_MODE_SIZE (GET_MODE (x)))))
		   && regno < FIRST_PSEUDO_REGISTER
		   && HARD_REGNO_NREGS (regno, GET_MODE (x)) > 1)
	    {
	      int ourend = regno + HARD_REGNO_NREGS (regno, GET_MODE (x));
	      int i, offset;
	      rtx oldnotes = 0;

	      if (note)
		offset = HARD_REGNO_NREGS (regno, GET_MODE (XEXP (note, 0)));
	      else
		offset = 1;

	      for (i = regno + offset; i < ourend; i++)
		move_deaths (gen_rtx_REG (reg_raw_mode[i], i),
			     maybe_kill_insn, from_cuid, to_insn, &oldnotes);
	    }

	  if (note != 0 && GET_MODE (XEXP (note, 0)) == GET_MODE (x))
	    {
	      XEXP (note, 1) = *pnotes;
	      *pnotes = note;
	    }
	  else
	    *pnotes = gen_rtx_EXPR_LIST (REG_DEAD, x, *pnotes);

	  REG_N_DEATHS (regno)++;
	}

      return;
    }

  else if (GET_CODE (x) == SET)
    {
      rtx dest = SET_DEST (x);

      move_deaths (SET_SRC (x), maybe_kill_insn, from_cuid, to_insn, pnotes);

      /* In the case of a ZERO_EXTRACT, a STRICT_LOW_PART, or a SUBREG
	 that accesses one word of a multi-word item, some
	 piece of everything register in the expression is used by
	 this insn, so remove any old death.  */

      if (GET_CODE (dest) == ZERO_EXTRACT
	  || GET_CODE (dest) == STRICT_LOW_PART
	  || (GET_CODE (dest) == SUBREG
	      && (((GET_MODE_SIZE (GET_MODE (dest))
		    + UNITS_PER_WORD - 1) / UNITS_PER_WORD)
		  == ((GET_MODE_SIZE (GET_MODE (SUBREG_REG (dest)))
		       + UNITS_PER_WORD - 1) / UNITS_PER_WORD))))
	{
	  move_deaths (dest, maybe_kill_insn, from_cuid, to_insn, pnotes);
	  return;
	}

      /* If this is some other SUBREG, we know it replaces the entire
	 value, so use that as the destination.  */
      if (GET_CODE (dest) == SUBREG)
	dest = SUBREG_REG (dest);

      /* If this is a MEM, adjust deaths of anything used in the address.
	 For a REG (the only other possibility), the entire value is
	 being replaced so the old value is not used in this insn.  */

      if (GET_CODE (dest) == MEM)
	move_deaths (XEXP (dest, 0), maybe_kill_insn, from_cuid,
		     to_insn, pnotes);
      return;
    }

  else if (GET_CODE (x) == CLOBBER)
    return;

  len = GET_RTX_LENGTH (code);
  fmt = GET_RTX_FORMAT (code);

  for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
    {
      if (fmt[i] == 'E')
	{
	  register int j;
	  for (j = XVECLEN (x, i) - 1; j >= 0; j--)
	    move_deaths (XVECEXP (x, i, j), maybe_kill_insn, from_cuid,
			 to_insn, pnotes);
	}
      else if (fmt[i] == 'e')
	move_deaths (XEXP (x, i), maybe_kill_insn, from_cuid, to_insn, pnotes);
    }
}

/* Return 1 if X is the target of a bit-field assignment in BODY, the
   pattern of an insn.  X must be a REG.  */

static int
reg_bitfield_target_p (x, body)
     rtx x;
     rtx body;
{
  int i;

  if (GET_CODE (body) == SET)
    {
      rtx dest = SET_DEST (body);
      rtx target;
      int regno, tregno, endregno, endtregno;

      if (GET_CODE (dest) == ZERO_EXTRACT)
	target = XEXP (dest, 0);
      else if (GET_CODE (dest) == STRICT_LOW_PART)
	target = SUBREG_REG (XEXP (dest, 0));
      else
	return 0;

      if (GET_CODE (target) == SUBREG)
	target = SUBREG_REG (target);

      if (GET_CODE (target) != REG)
	return 0;

      tregno = REGNO (target), regno = REGNO (x);
      if (tregno >= FIRST_PSEUDO_REGISTER || regno >= FIRST_PSEUDO_REGISTER)
	return target == x;

      endtregno = tregno + HARD_REGNO_NREGS (tregno, GET_MODE (target));
      endregno = regno + HARD_REGNO_NREGS (regno, GET_MODE (x));

      return endregno > tregno && regno < endtregno;
    }

  else if (GET_CODE (body) == PARALLEL)
    for (i = XVECLEN (body, 0) - 1; i >= 0; i--)
      if (reg_bitfield_target_p (x, XVECEXP (body, 0, i)))
	return 1;

  return 0;
}      

/* Given a chain of REG_NOTES originally from FROM_INSN, try to place them
   as appropriate.  I3 and I2 are the insns resulting from the combination
   insns including FROM (I2 may be zero).

   ELIM_I2 and ELIM_I1 are either zero or registers that we know will
   not need REG_DEAD notes because they are being substituted for.  This
   saves searching in the most common cases.

   Each note in the list is either ignored or placed on some insns, depending
   on the type of note.  */

static void
distribute_notes (notes, from_insn, i3, i2, elim_i2, elim_i1)
     rtx notes;
     rtx from_insn;
     rtx i3, i2;
     rtx elim_i2, elim_i1;
{
  rtx note, next_note;
  rtx tem;

  for (note = notes; note; note = next_note)
    {
      rtx place = 0, place2 = 0;

      /* If this NOTE references a pseudo register, ensure it references
	 the latest copy of that register.  */
      if (XEXP (note, 0) && GET_CODE (XEXP (note, 0)) == REG
	  && REGNO (XEXP (note, 0)) >= FIRST_PSEUDO_REGISTER)
	XEXP (note, 0) = regno_reg_rtx[REGNO (XEXP (note, 0))];

      next_note = XEXP (note, 1);
      switch (REG_NOTE_KIND (note))
	{
	case REG_BR_PROB:
	case REG_EXEC_COUNT:
	  /* Doesn't matter much where we put this, as long as it's somewhere.
	     It is preferable to keep these notes on branches, which is most
	     likely to be i3.  */
	  place = i3;
	  break;

	case REG_EH_REGION:
	  /* This note must remain with the call.  It should not be possible
	     for both I2 and I3 to be a call.  */
	  if (GET_CODE (i3) == CALL_INSN) 
	    place = i3;
	  else if (i2 && GET_CODE (i2) == CALL_INSN)
	    place = i2;
	  else
	    abort ();
	  break;

	case REG_UNUSED:
	  /* Any clobbers for i3 may still exist, and so we must process
	     REG_UNUSED notes from that insn.

	     Any clobbers from i2 or i1 can only exist if they were added by
	     recog_for_combine.  In that case, recog_for_combine created the
	     necessary REG_UNUSED notes.  Trying to keep any original
	     REG_UNUSED notes from these insns can cause incorrect output
	     if it is for the same register as the original i3 dest.
	     In that case, we will notice that the register is set in i3,
	     and then add a REG_UNUSED note for the destination of i3, which
	     is wrong.  However, it is possible to have REG_UNUSED notes from
	     i2 or i1 for register which were both used and clobbered, so
	     we keep notes from i2 or i1 if they will turn into REG_DEAD
	     notes.  */

	  /* If this register is set or clobbered in I3, put the note there
	     unless there is one already.  */
	  if (reg_set_p (XEXP (note, 0), PATTERN (i3)))
	    {
	      if (from_insn != i3)
		break;

	      if (! (GET_CODE (XEXP (note, 0)) == REG
		     ? find_regno_note (i3, REG_UNUSED, REGNO (XEXP (note, 0)))
		     : find_reg_note (i3, REG_UNUSED, XEXP (note, 0))))
		place = i3;
	    }
	  /* Otherwise, if this register is used by I3, then this register
	     now dies here, so we must put a REG_DEAD note here unless there
	     is one already.  */
	  else if (reg_referenced_p (XEXP (note, 0), PATTERN (i3))
		   && ! (GET_CODE (XEXP (note, 0)) == REG
			 ? find_regno_note (i3, REG_DEAD, REGNO (XEXP (note, 0)))
			 : find_reg_note (i3, REG_DEAD, XEXP (note, 0))))
	    {
	      PUT_REG_NOTE_KIND (note, REG_DEAD);
	      place = i3;
	    }
	  break;

	case REG_EQUAL:
	case REG_EQUIV:
	case REG_NONNEG:
	case REG_NOALIAS:
	  /* These notes say something about results of an insn.  We can
	     only support them if they used to be on I3 in which case they
	     remain on I3.  Otherwise they are ignored.

	     If the note refers to an expression that is not a constant, we
	     must also ignore the note since we cannot tell whether the
	     equivalence is still true.  It might be possible to do
	     slightly better than this (we only have a problem if I2DEST
	     or I1DEST is present in the expression), but it doesn't
	     seem worth the trouble.  */

	  if (from_insn == i3
	      && (XEXP (note, 0) == 0 || CONSTANT_P (XEXP (note, 0))))
	    place = i3;
	  break;

	case REG_INC:
	case REG_NO_CONFLICT:
	  /* These notes say something about how a register is used.  They must
	     be present on any use of the register in I2 or I3.  */
	  if (reg_mentioned_p (XEXP (note, 0), PATTERN (i3)))
	    place = i3;

	  if (i2 && reg_mentioned_p (XEXP (note, 0), PATTERN (i2)))
	    {
	      if (place)
		place2 = i2;
	      else
		place = i2;
	    }
	  break;

	case REG_LABEL:
	  /* This can show up in several ways -- either directly in the
	     pattern, or hidden off in the constant pool with (or without?)
	     a REG_EQUAL note.  */
	  /* ??? Ignore the without-reg_equal-note problem for now.  */
	  if (reg_mentioned_p (XEXP (note, 0), PATTERN (i3))
	      || ((tem = find_reg_note (i3, REG_EQUAL, NULL_RTX))
		  && GET_CODE (XEXP (tem, 0)) == LABEL_REF
		  && XEXP (XEXP (tem, 0), 0) == XEXP (note, 0)))
	    place = i3;

	  if (i2
	      && (reg_mentioned_p (XEXP (note, 0), PATTERN (i2))
	          || ((tem = find_reg_note (i2, REG_EQUAL, NULL_RTX))
		      && GET_CODE (XEXP (tem, 0)) == LABEL_REF
		      && XEXP (XEXP (tem, 0), 0) == XEXP (note, 0))))
	    {
	      if (place)
		place2 = i2;
	      else
		place = i2;
	    }
	  break;

	case REG_WAS_0:
	  /* It is too much trouble to try to see if this note is still
	     correct in all situations.  It is better to simply delete it.  */
	  break;

	case REG_RETVAL:
	  /* If the insn previously containing this note still exists,
	     put it back where it was.  Otherwise move it to the previous
	     insn.  Adjust the corresponding REG_LIBCALL note.  */
	  if (GET_CODE (from_insn) != NOTE)
	    place = from_insn;
	  else
	    {
	      tem = find_reg_note (XEXP (note, 0), REG_LIBCALL, NULL_RTX);
	      place = prev_real_insn (from_insn);
	      if (tem && place)
		XEXP (tem, 0) = place;
	    }
	  break;

	case REG_LIBCALL:
	  /* This is handled similarly to REG_RETVAL.  */
	  if (GET_CODE (from_insn) != NOTE)
	    place = from_insn;
	  else
	    {
	      tem = find_reg_note (XEXP (note, 0), REG_RETVAL, NULL_RTX);
	      place = next_real_insn (from_insn);
	      if (tem && place)
		XEXP (tem, 0) = place;
	    }
	  break;

	case REG_DEAD:
	  /* If the register is used as an input in I3, it dies there.
	     Similarly for I2, if it is non-zero and adjacent to I3.

	     If the register is not used as an input in either I3 or I2
	     and it is not one of the registers we were supposed to eliminate,
	     there are two possibilities.  We might have a non-adjacent I2
	     or we might have somehow eliminated an additional register
	     from a computation.  For example, we might have had A & B where
	     we discover that B will always be zero.  In this case we will
	     eliminate the reference to A.

	     In both cases, we must search to see if we can find a previous
	     use of A and put the death note there.  */

	  if (from_insn
	      && GET_CODE (from_insn) == CALL_INSN
              && find_reg_fusage (from_insn, USE, XEXP (note, 0)))
	    place = from_insn;
	  else if (reg_referenced_p (XEXP (note, 0), PATTERN (i3)))
	    place = i3;
	  else if (i2 != 0 && next_nonnote_insn (i2) == i3
		   && reg_referenced_p (XEXP (note, 0), PATTERN (i2)))
	    place = i2;

	  if (XEXP (note, 0) == elim_i2 || XEXP (note, 0) == elim_i1)
	    break;

	  /* If the register is used in both I2 and I3 and it dies in I3, 
	     we might have added another reference to it.  If reg_n_refs
	     was 2, bump it to 3.  This has to be correct since the 
	     register must have been set somewhere.  The reason this is
	     done is because local-alloc.c treats 2 references as a 
	     special case.  */

	  if (place == i3 && i2 != 0 && GET_CODE (XEXP (note, 0)) == REG
	      && REG_N_REFS (REGNO (XEXP (note, 0)))== 2
	      && reg_referenced_p (XEXP (note, 0), PATTERN (i2)))
	    REG_N_REFS (REGNO (XEXP (note, 0))) = 3;

	  if (place == 0)
	    {
	      for (tem = prev_nonnote_insn (i3);
		   place == 0 && tem
		   && (GET_CODE (tem) == INSN || GET_CODE (tem) == CALL_INSN);
		   tem = prev_nonnote_insn (tem))
		{
		  /* If the register is being set at TEM, see if that is all
		     TEM is doing.  If so, delete TEM.  Otherwise, make this
		     into a REG_UNUSED note instead.  */
		  if (reg_set_p (XEXP (note, 0), PATTERN (tem)))
		    {
		      rtx set = single_set (tem);
		      rtx inner_dest = 0;
#ifdef HAVE_cc0
		      rtx cc0_setter = NULL_RTX;
#endif

		      if (set != 0)
			for (inner_dest = SET_DEST (set);
			     GET_CODE (inner_dest) == STRICT_LOW_PART
			     || GET_CODE (inner_dest) == SUBREG
			     || GET_CODE (inner_dest) == ZERO_EXTRACT;
			     inner_dest = XEXP (inner_dest, 0))
			  ;

		      /* Verify that it was the set, and not a clobber that
			 modified the register. 

			 CC0 targets must be careful to maintain setter/user
			 pairs.  If we cannot delete the setter due to side
			 effects, mark the user with an UNUSED note instead
			 of deleting it.  */

		      if (set != 0 && ! side_effects_p (SET_SRC (set))
			  && rtx_equal_p (XEXP (note, 0), inner_dest)
#ifdef HAVE_cc0
			  && (! reg_mentioned_p (cc0_rtx, SET_SRC (set))
			      || ((cc0_setter = prev_cc0_setter (tem)) != NULL
				  && sets_cc0_p (PATTERN (cc0_setter)) > 0))
#endif
			  )
			{
			  /* Move the notes and links of TEM elsewhere.
			     This might delete other dead insns recursively. 
			     First set the pattern to something that won't use
			     any register.  */

			  PATTERN (tem) = pc_rtx;

			  distribute_notes (REG_NOTES (tem), tem, tem,
					    NULL_RTX, NULL_RTX, NULL_RTX);
			  distribute_links (LOG_LINKS (tem));

			  PUT_CODE (tem, NOTE);
			  NOTE_LINE_NUMBER (tem) = NOTE_INSN_DELETED;
			  NOTE_SOURCE_FILE (tem) = 0;

#ifdef HAVE_cc0
			  /* Delete the setter too.  */
			  if (cc0_setter)
			    {
			      PATTERN (cc0_setter) = pc_rtx;

			      distribute_notes (REG_NOTES (cc0_setter),
						cc0_setter, cc0_setter,
						NULL_RTX, NULL_RTX, NULL_RTX);
			      distribute_links (LOG_LINKS (cc0_setter));

			      PUT_CODE (cc0_setter, NOTE);
			      NOTE_LINE_NUMBER (cc0_setter) = NOTE_INSN_DELETED;
			      NOTE_SOURCE_FILE (cc0_setter) = 0;
			    }
#endif
			}
		      /* If the register is both set and used here, put the
			 REG_DEAD note here, but place a REG_UNUSED note
			 here too unless there already is one.  */
		      else if (reg_referenced_p (XEXP (note, 0),
						 PATTERN (tem)))
			{
			  place = tem;

			  if (! find_regno_note (tem, REG_UNUSED,
						 REGNO (XEXP (note, 0))))
			    REG_NOTES (tem)
			      = gen_rtx_EXPR_LIST (REG_UNUSED,
						   XEXP (note, 0),
						   REG_NOTES (tem));
			}
		      else
			{
			  PUT_REG_NOTE_KIND (note, REG_UNUSED);
			  
			  /*  If there isn't already a REG_UNUSED note, put one
			      here.  */
			  if (! find_regno_note (tem, REG_UNUSED,
						 REGNO (XEXP (note, 0))))
			    place = tem;
			  break;
		      }
		  }
		else if (reg_referenced_p (XEXP (note, 0), PATTERN (tem))
			 || (GET_CODE (tem) == CALL_INSN
			     && find_reg_fusage (tem, USE, XEXP (note, 0))))
		  {
		    place = tem;

		    /* If we are doing a 3->2 combination, and we have a
		       register which formerly died in i3 and was not used
		       by i2, which now no longer dies in i3 and is used in
		       i2 but does not die in i2, and place is between i2
		       and i3, then we may need to move a link from place to
		       i2.  */
		    if (i2 && INSN_UID (place) <= max_uid_cuid
			&& INSN_CUID (place) > INSN_CUID (i2)
			&& from_insn && INSN_CUID (from_insn) > INSN_CUID (i2)
			&& reg_referenced_p (XEXP (note, 0), PATTERN (i2)))
		      {
			rtx links = LOG_LINKS (place);
			LOG_LINKS (place) = 0;
			distribute_links (links);
		      }
		    break;
		  }
		}
	      
	      /* If we haven't found an insn for the death note and it
		 is still a REG_DEAD note, but we have hit a CODE_LABEL,
		 insert a USE insn for the register at that label and
		 put the death node there.  This prevents problems with
		 call-state tracking in caller-save.c.  */
	      if (REG_NOTE_KIND (note) == REG_DEAD && place == 0 && tem != 0)
		{
		  place
		    = emit_insn_after (gen_rtx_USE (VOIDmode, XEXP (note, 0)),
				       tem);

		  /* If this insn was emitted between blocks, then update
		     BLOCK_HEAD of the current block to include it.  */
		  if (BLOCK_END (this_basic_block - 1) == tem)
		    BLOCK_HEAD (this_basic_block) = place;
		}
	    }

	  /* If the register is set or already dead at PLACE, we needn't do
	     anything with this note if it is still a REG_DEAD note.
	     We can here if it is set at all, not if is it totally replace,
	     which is what `dead_or_set_p' checks, so also check for it being
	     set partially.  */


	  if (place && REG_NOTE_KIND (note) == REG_DEAD)
	    {
	      int regno = REGNO (XEXP (note, 0));

	      if (dead_or_set_p (place, XEXP (note, 0))
		  || reg_bitfield_target_p (XEXP (note, 0), PATTERN (place)))
		{
		  /* Unless the register previously died in PLACE, clear
		     reg_last_death.  [I no longer understand why this is
		     being done.] */
		  if (reg_last_death[regno] != place)
		    reg_last_death[regno] = 0;
		  place = 0;
		}
	      else
		reg_last_death[regno] = place;

	      /* If this is a death note for a hard reg that is occupying
		 multiple registers, ensure that we are still using all
		 parts of the object.  If we find a piece of the object
		 that is unused, we must add a USE for that piece before
		 PLACE and put the appropriate REG_DEAD note on it.

		 An alternative would be to put a REG_UNUSED for the pieces
		 on the insn that set the register, but that can't be done if
		 it is not in the same block.  It is simpler, though less
		 efficient, to add the USE insns.  */

	      if (place && regno < FIRST_PSEUDO_REGISTER
		  && HARD_REGNO_NREGS (regno, GET_MODE (XEXP (note, 0))) > 1)
		{
		  int endregno
		    = regno + HARD_REGNO_NREGS (regno,
						GET_MODE (XEXP (note, 0)));
		  int all_used = 1;
		  int i;

		  for (i = regno; i < endregno; i++)
		    if (! refers_to_regno_p (i, i + 1, PATTERN (place), 0)
			&& ! find_regno_fusage (place, USE, i))
		      {
			rtx piece = gen_rtx_REG (reg_raw_mode[i], i);
			rtx p;

			/* See if we already placed a USE note for this
			   register in front of PLACE.  */
			for (p = place;
			     GET_CODE (PREV_INSN (p)) == INSN
			     && GET_CODE (PATTERN (PREV_INSN (p))) == USE;
			     p = PREV_INSN (p))
			  if (rtx_equal_p (piece,
					   XEXP (PATTERN (PREV_INSN (p)), 0)))
			    {
			      p = 0;
			      break;
			    }

			if (p)
			  {
			    rtx use_insn
			      = emit_insn_before (gen_rtx_USE (VOIDmode,
							       piece),
						  p);
			    REG_NOTES (use_insn)
			      = gen_rtx_EXPR_LIST (REG_DEAD, piece,
						   REG_NOTES (use_insn));
			  }

			all_used = 0;
		      }

		  /* Check for the case where the register dying partially
		     overlaps the register set by this insn.  */
		  if (all_used)
		    for (i = regno; i < endregno; i++)
		      if (dead_or_set_regno_p (place, i))
			  {
			    all_used = 0;
			    break;
			  }

		  if (! all_used)
		    {
		      /* Put only REG_DEAD notes for pieces that are
			 still used and that are not already dead or set.  */

		      for (i = regno; i < endregno; i++)
			{
			  rtx piece = gen_rtx_REG (reg_raw_mode[i], i);

			  if ((reg_referenced_p (piece, PATTERN (place))
			       || (GET_CODE (place) == CALL_INSN
				   && find_reg_fusage (place, USE, piece)))
			      && ! dead_or_set_p (place, piece)
			      && ! reg_bitfield_target_p (piece,
							  PATTERN (place)))
			    REG_NOTES (place)
			      = gen_rtx_EXPR_LIST (REG_DEAD,
						   piece, REG_NOTES (place));
			}

		      place = 0;
		    }
		}
	    }
	  break;

	default:
	  /* Any other notes should not be present at this point in the
	     compilation.  */
	  abort ();
	}

      if (place)
	{
	  XEXP (note, 1) = REG_NOTES (place);
	  REG_NOTES (place) = note;
	}
      else if ((REG_NOTE_KIND (note) == REG_DEAD
		|| REG_NOTE_KIND (note) == REG_UNUSED)
	       && GET_CODE (XEXP (note, 0)) == REG)
	REG_N_DEATHS (REGNO (XEXP (note, 0)))--;

      if (place2)
	{
	  if ((REG_NOTE_KIND (note) == REG_DEAD
	       || REG_NOTE_KIND (note) == REG_UNUSED)
	      && GET_CODE (XEXP (note, 0)) == REG)
	    REG_N_DEATHS (REGNO (XEXP (note, 0)))++;

	  REG_NOTES (place2) = gen_rtx_fmt_ee (GET_CODE (note),
					       REG_NOTE_KIND (note),
					       XEXP (note, 0),
					       REG_NOTES (place2));
	}
    }
}

/* Similarly to above, distribute the LOG_LINKS that used to be present on
   I3, I2, and I1 to new locations.  This is also called in one case to
   add a link pointing at I3 when I3's destination is changed.  */

static void
distribute_links (links)
     rtx links;
{
  rtx link, next_link;

  for (link = links; link; link = next_link)
    {
      rtx place = 0;
      rtx insn;
      rtx set, reg;

      next_link = XEXP (link, 1);

      /* If the insn that this link points to is a NOTE or isn't a single
	 set, ignore it.  In the latter case, it isn't clear what we
	 can do other than ignore the link, since we can't tell which 
	 register it was for.  Such links wouldn't be used by combine
	 anyway.

	 It is not possible for the destination of the target of the link to
	 have been changed by combine.  The only potential of this is if we
	 replace I3, I2, and I1 by I3 and I2.  But in that case the
	 destination of I2 also remains unchanged.  */

      if (GET_CODE (XEXP (link, 0)) == NOTE
	  || (set = single_set (XEXP (link, 0))) == 0)
	continue;

      reg = SET_DEST (set);
      while (GET_CODE (reg) == SUBREG || GET_CODE (reg) == ZERO_EXTRACT
	     || GET_CODE (reg) == SIGN_EXTRACT
	     || GET_CODE (reg) == STRICT_LOW_PART)
	reg = XEXP (reg, 0);

      /* A LOG_LINK is defined as being placed on the first insn that uses
	 a register and points to the insn that sets the register.  Start
	 searching at the next insn after the target of the link and stop
	 when we reach a set of the register or the end of the basic block.

	 Note that this correctly handles the link that used to point from
	 I3 to I2.  Also note that not much searching is typically done here
	 since most links don't point very far away.  */

      for (insn = NEXT_INSN (XEXP (link, 0));
	   (insn && (this_basic_block == n_basic_blocks - 1
		     || BLOCK_HEAD (this_basic_block + 1) != insn));
	   insn = NEXT_INSN (insn))
	if (GET_RTX_CLASS (GET_CODE (insn)) == 'i'
	    && reg_overlap_mentioned_p (reg, PATTERN (insn)))
	  {
	    if (reg_referenced_p (reg, PATTERN (insn)))
	      place = insn;
	    break;
	  }
	else if (GET_CODE (insn) == CALL_INSN
	      && find_reg_fusage (insn, USE, reg))
	  {
	    place = insn;
	    break;
	  }

      /* If we found a place to put the link, place it there unless there
	 is already a link to the same insn as LINK at that point.  */

      if (place)
	{
	  rtx link2;

	  for (link2 = LOG_LINKS (place); link2; link2 = XEXP (link2, 1))
	    if (XEXP (link2, 0) == XEXP (link, 0))
	      break;

	  if (link2 == 0)
	    {
	      XEXP (link, 1) = LOG_LINKS (place);
	      LOG_LINKS (place) = link;

	      /* Set added_links_insn to the earliest insn we added a
		 link to.  */
	      if (added_links_insn == 0 
		  || INSN_CUID (added_links_insn) > INSN_CUID (place))
		added_links_insn = place;
	    }
	}
    }
}

/* Compute INSN_CUID for INSN, which is an insn made by combine.  */

static int
insn_cuid (insn)
     rtx insn;
{
  while (insn != 0 && INSN_UID (insn) > max_uid_cuid
	 && GET_CODE (insn) == INSN && GET_CODE (PATTERN (insn)) == USE)
    insn = NEXT_INSN (insn);

  if (INSN_UID (insn) > max_uid_cuid)
    abort ();

  return INSN_CUID (insn);
}

void
dump_combine_stats (file)
     FILE *file;
{
  fnotice
    (file,
     ";; Combiner statistics: %d attempts, %d substitutions (%d requiring new space),\n;; %d successes.\n\n",
     combine_attempts, combine_merges, combine_extras, combine_successes);
}

void
dump_combine_total_stats (file)
     FILE *file;
{
  fnotice
    (file,
     "\n;; Combiner totals: %d attempts, %d substitutions (%d requiring new space),\n;; %d successes.\n",
     total_attempts, total_merges, total_extras, total_successes);
}