path: root/lib/libcrypto/man/EVP_DigestInit.3

.\" $OpenBSD: EVP_DigestInit.3,v 1.22 2022/01/15 09:08:51 tb Exp $
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.Dd $Mdocdate: January 15 2022 $
.Dt EVP_DIGESTINIT 3
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm EVP_MD_CTX_new ,
.Nm EVP_MD_CTX_reset ,
.Nm EVP_MD_CTX_free ,
.Nm EVP_MD_CTX_init ,
.Nm EVP_MD_CTX_create ,
.Nm EVP_MD_CTX_cleanup ,
.Nm EVP_MD_CTX_destroy ,
.Nm EVP_MD_CTX_ctrl ,
.Nm EVP_DigestInit_ex ,
.Nm EVP_DigestUpdate ,
.Nm EVP_DigestFinal_ex ,
.Nm EVP_Digest ,
.Nm EVP_MD_CTX_copy_ex ,
.Nm EVP_DigestInit ,
.Nm EVP_DigestFinal ,
.Nm EVP_MD_CTX_copy ,
.Nm EVP_MAX_MD_SIZE ,
.Nm EVP_MD_type ,
.Nm EVP_MD_pkey_type ,
.Nm EVP_MD_size ,
.Nm EVP_MD_block_size ,
.Nm EVP_MD_CTX_md ,
.Nm EVP_MD_CTX_size ,
.Nm EVP_MD_CTX_block_size ,
.Nm EVP_MD_CTX_type ,
.Nm EVP_md_null ,
.Nm EVP_md5 ,
.Nm EVP_md5_sha1 ,
.Nm EVP_sha1 ,
.Nm EVP_sha224 ,
.Nm EVP_sha256 ,
.Nm EVP_sha384 ,
.Nm EVP_sha512 ,
.Nm EVP_ripemd160 ,
.Nm EVP_get_digestbyname ,
.Nm EVP_get_digestbynid ,
.Nm EVP_get_digestbyobj
.Nd EVP digest routines
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.In openssl/evp.h
.Ft EVP_MD_CTX *
.Fn EVP_MD_CTX_new void
.Ft int
.Fo EVP_MD_CTX_reset
.Fa "EVP_MD_CTX *ctx"
.Fc
.Ft void
.Fo EVP_MD_CTX_free
.Fa "EVP_MD_CTX *ctx"
.Fc
.Ft void
.Fo EVP_MD_CTX_init
.Fa "EVP_MD_CTX *ctx"
.Fc
.Ft EVP_MD_CTX *
.Fn EVP_MD_CTX_create void
.Ft int
.Fo EVP_MD_CTX_cleanup
.Fa "EVP_MD_CTX *ctx"
.Fc
.Ft void
.Fo EVP_MD_CTX_destroy
.Fa "EVP_MD_CTX *ctx"
.Fc
.Ft int
.Fo EVP_MD_CTX_ctrl
.Fa "EVP_MD_CTX *ctx"
.Fa "int cmd"
.Fa "int p1"
.Fa "void* p2"
.Fc
.Ft int
.Fo EVP_DigestInit_ex
.Fa "EVP_MD_CTX *ctx"
.Fa "const EVP_MD *type"
.Fa "ENGINE *impl"
.Fc
.Ft int
.Fo EVP_DigestUpdate
.Fa "EVP_MD_CTX *ctx"
.Fa "const void *d"
.Fa "size_t cnt"
.Fc
.Ft int
.Fo EVP_DigestFinal_ex
.Fa "EVP_MD_CTX *ctx"
.Fa "unsigned char *md"
.Fa "unsigned int *s"
.Fc
.Ft int
.Fo EVP_Digest
.Fa "const void *d"
.Fa "size_t cnt"
.Fa "unsigned char *md"
.Fa "unsigned int *s"
.Fa "const EVP_MD *type"
.Fa "ENGINE *impl"
.Fc
.Ft int
.Fo EVP_MD_CTX_copy_ex
.Fa "EVP_MD_CTX *out"
.Fa "const EVP_MD_CTX *in"
.Fc
.Ft int
.Fo EVP_DigestInit
.Fa "EVP_MD_CTX *ctx"
.Fa "const EVP_MD *type"
.Fc
.Ft int
.Fo EVP_DigestFinal
.Fa "EVP_MD_CTX *ctx"
.Fa "unsigned char *md"
.Fa "unsigned int *s"
.Fc
.Ft int
.Fo EVP_MD_CTX_copy
.Fa "EVP_MD_CTX *out"
.Fa "EVP_MD_CTX *in"
.Fc
.Fd #define EVP_MAX_MD_SIZE 64	/* SHA512 */
.Ft int
.Fo EVP_MD_type
.Fa "const EVP_MD *md"
.Fc
.Ft int
.Fo EVP_MD_pkey_type
.Fa "const EVP_MD *md"
.Fc
.Ft int
.Fo EVP_MD_size
.Fa "const EVP_MD *md"
.Fc
.Ft int
.Fo EVP_MD_block_size
.Fa "const EVP_MD *md"
.Fc
.Ft const EVP_MD *
.Fo EVP_MD_CTX_md
.Fa "const EVP_MD_CTX *ctx"
.Fc
.Ft int
.Fo EVP_MD_CTX_size
.Fa "const EVP_MD *ctx"
.Fc
.Ft int
.Fo EVP_MD_CTX_block_size
.Fa "const EVP_MD *ctx"
.Fc
.Ft int
.Fo EVP_MD_CTX_type
.Fa "const EVP_MD *ctx"
.Fc
.Ft const EVP_MD *
.Fn EVP_md_null void
.Ft const EVP_MD *
.Fn EVP_md5 void
.Ft const EVP_MD *
.Fn EVP_md5_sha1 void
.Ft const EVP_MD *
.Fn EVP_sha1 void
.Ft const EVP_MD *
.Fn EVP_sha224 void
.Ft const EVP_MD *
.Fn EVP_sha256 void
.Ft const EVP_MD *
.Fn EVP_sha384 void
.Ft const EVP_MD *
.Fn EVP_sha512 void
.Ft const EVP_MD *
.Fn EVP_ripemd160 void
.Ft const EVP_MD *
.Fo EVP_get_digestbyname
.Fa "const char *name"
.Fc
.Ft const EVP_MD *
.Fo EVP_get_digestbynid
.Fa "int type"
.Fc
.Ft const EVP_MD *
.Fo EVP_get_digestbyobj
.Fa "const ASN1_OBJECT *o"
.Fc
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The EVP digest routines are a high level interface to message digests
and should be used instead of the cipher-specific functions.
.Pp
.Fn EVP_MD_CTX_new
allocates a new, empty digest context.
.Pp
.Fn EVP_MD_CTX_reset
cleans up
.Fa ctx
and resets it to the state it had after
.Fn EVP_MD_CTX_new ,
such that it can be reused.
It is also suitable for digest contexts on the stack that were
used and are no longer needed.
.Pp
.Fn EVP_MD_CTX_free
cleans up
.Fa ctx
and frees the space allocated to it.
.Pp
.Fn EVP_MD_CTX_init
is a deprecated function to clear a digest context on the stack
before use.
Do not use it on a digest context returned from
.Fn EVP_MD_CTX_new
or one that was already used.
.Pp
.Fn EVP_MD_CTX_create ,
.Fn EVP_MD_CTX_cleanup ,
and
.Fn EVP_MD_CTX_destroy
are deprecated aliases for
.Fn EVP_MD_CTX_new ,
.Fn EVP_MD_CTX_reset ,
and
.Fn EVP_MD_CTX_free ,
respectively.
.Pp
.Fn EVP_MD_CTX_ctrl
performs digest-specific control actions on the context
.Fa ctx .
.Pp
.Fn EVP_DigestInit_ex
sets up the digest context
.Fa ctx
to use a digest
.Fa type
from
.Vt ENGINE
.Fa impl .
The
.Fa type
will typically be supplied by a function such as
.Fn EVP_sha1 .
If
.Fa impl
is
.Dv NULL ,
then the default implementation of digest
.Fa type
is used.
If
.Fa ctx
points to an unused object on the stack, it must be initialized with
.Fn EVP_MD_CTX_init
before calling this function.
.Pp
.Fn EVP_DigestUpdate
hashes
.Fa cnt
bytes of data at
.Fa d
into the digest context
.Fa ctx .
This function can be called several times on the same
.Fa ctx
to hash additional data.
.Pp
.Fn EVP_DigestFinal_ex
retrieves the digest value from
.Fa ctx
and places it in
.Fa md .
If the
.Fa s
parameter is not
.Dv NULL ,
then the number of bytes of data written (i.e. the length of the
digest) will be written to the integer at
.Fa s ;
at most
.Dv EVP_MAX_MD_SIZE
bytes will be written.
After calling
.Fn EVP_DigestFinal_ex ,
no additional calls to
.Fn EVP_DigestUpdate
can be made, but
.Fn EVP_DigestInit_ex
can be called to initialize a new digest operation.
.Pp
.Fn EVP_Digest
is a simple wrapper function to hash
.Fa cnt
bytes of data at
.Fa d
using the digest
.Fa type
from
.Vt ENGINE
.Fa impl
in a one-shot operation and place the digest value into
.Fa md ,
and, unless
.Fa s
is
.Dv NULL ,
the length of the digest in bytes into
.Pf * Fa s .
This wrapper uses a temporary digest context and passes its arguments to
.Fn EVP_DigestInit_ex ,
.Fn EVP_DigestUpdate ,
and
.Fn EVP_DigestFinal_ex
internally.
.Pp
.Fn EVP_MD_CTX_copy_ex
can be used to copy the message digest state from
.Fa in
to
.Fa out .
This is useful if large amounts of data are to be hashed which only
differ in the last few bytes.
If
.Fa out
points to an unused object on the stack, it must be initialized with
.Fn EVP_MD_CTX_init
before calling this function.
.Pp
.Fn EVP_DigestInit
is a deprecated function behaving like
.Fn EVP_DigestInit_ex
except that it always uses the default digest implementation
and that it requires
.Fn EVP_MD_CTX_reset
before it can be used on a context that was already used.
.Pp
.Fn EVP_DigestFinal
is a deprecated function behaving like
.Fn EVP_DigestFinal_ex
except that the digest context
.Fa ctx
is automatically cleaned up after use by calling
.Fn EVP_MD_CTX_reset
internally.
.Pp
.Fn EVP_MD_CTX_copy
is a deprecated function behaving like
.Fn EVP_MD_CTX_copy_ex
except that it requires
.Fn EVP_MD_CTX_reset
before a context that was already used can be passed as
.Fa out .
.Pp
.Fn EVP_MD_size
and
.Fn EVP_MD_CTX_size
return the size of the message digest when passed an
.Vt EVP_MD
or an
.Vt EVP_MD_CTX
structure, i.e. the size of the hash.
.Pp
.Fn EVP_MD_block_size
and
.Fn EVP_MD_CTX_block_size
return the block size of the message digest when passed an
.Vt EVP_MD
or an
.Vt EVP_MD_CTX
structure.
.Pp
.Fn EVP_MD_type
and
.Fn EVP_MD_CTX_type
return the NID of the OBJECT IDENTIFIER representing the given message
digest when passed an
.Vt EVP_MD
structure.
For example
.Fn EVP_MD_type EVP_sha1()
returns
.Dv NID_sha1 .
This function is normally used when setting ASN.1 OIDs.
.Pp
.Fn EVP_MD_pkey_type
returns the NID of the public key signing algorithm associated with this
digest.
For example
.Fn EVP_sha1
is associated with RSA so this will return
.Dv NID_sha1WithRSAEncryption .
Since digests and signature algorithms are no longer linked this
function is only retained for compatibility reasons.
.Pp
.Fn EVP_md5 ,
.Fn EVP_sha1 ,
.Fn EVP_sha224 ,
.Fn EVP_sha256 ,
.Fn EVP_sha384 ,
.Fn EVP_sha512 ,
and
.Fn EVP_ripemd160
return
.Vt EVP_MD
structures for the MD5, SHA1, SHA224, SHA256, SHA384, SHA512 and
RIPEMD160 digest algorithms respectively.
.Pp
.Fn EVP_md5_sha1
returns an
.Vt EVP_MD
structure that provides concatenated MD5 and SHA1 message digests.
.Pp
.Fn EVP_md_null
is a "null" message digest that does nothing:
i.e. the hash it returns is of zero length.
.Pp
.Fn EVP_get_digestbyname ,
.Fn EVP_get_digestbynid ,
and
.Fn EVP_get_digestbyobj
return an
.Vt EVP_MD
structure when passed a digest name, a digest NID, or an ASN1_OBJECT
structure respectively.
.Pp
.Fn EVP_MD_CTX_size ,
.Fn EVP_MD_CTX_block_size ,
.Fn EVP_MD_CTX_type ,
.Fn EVP_get_digestbynid ,
and
.Fn EVP_get_digestbyobj
are implemented as macros.
.Pp
The EVP interface to message digests should almost always be used
in preference to the low level interfaces.
This is because the code then becomes transparent to the digest used and
much more flexible.
.Pp
New applications should use the SHA2 digest algorithms such as SHA256.
The other digest algorithms are still in common use.
.Pp
For most applications the
.Fa impl
parameter to
.Fn EVP_DigestInit_ex
will be set to NULL to use the default digest implementation.
.Pp
The functions
.Fn EVP_DigestInit ,
.Fn EVP_DigestFinal ,
and
.Fn EVP_MD_CTX_copy
are obsolete but are retained to maintain compatibility with existing
code.
New applications should use
.Fn EVP_DigestInit_ex ,
.Fn EVP_DigestFinal_ex ,
and
.Fn EVP_MD_CTX_copy_ex
because they can efficiently reuse a digest context instead of
initializing and cleaning it up on each call and allow non-default
implementations of digests to be specified.
.Pp
If digest contexts are not cleaned up after use, memory leaks will occur.
.Sh RETURN VALUES
.Fn EVP_MD_CTX_new
and
.Fn EVP_MD_CTX_create
return the new
.Vt EVP_MD_CTX
object or
.Dv NULL
for failure.
.Pp
.Fn EVP_MD_CTX_reset
and
.Fn EVP_MD_CTX_cleanup
always return 1.
.Pp
.Fn EVP_MD_CTX_ctrl ,
.Fn EVP_DigestInit_ex ,
.Fn EVP_DigestUpdate ,
.Fn EVP_DigestFinal_ex ,
.Fn EVP_Digest ,
.Fn EVP_MD_CTX_copy_ex ,
.Fn EVP_DigestInit ,
.Fn EVP_DigestFinal ,
and
.Fn EVP_MD_CTX_copy
return 1 for success or 0 for failure.
.Pp
.Fn EVP_MD_type ,
.Fn EVP_MD_pkey_type ,
and
.Fn EVP_MD_CTX_type
return the NID of the corresponding OBJECT IDENTIFIER or
.Dv NID_undef
if none exists.
.Pp
.Fn EVP_MD_size ,
.Fn EVP_MD_block_size ,
.Fn EVP_MD_CTX_size ,
and
.Fn EVP_MD_CTX_block_size
return the digest or block size in bytes.
.Pp
.Fn EVP_MD_CTX_md
returns the
.Vt EVP_MD
object used by
.Fa ctx ,
or
.Dv NULL
if
.Fa ctx
is
.Dv NULL .
.Pp
.Fn EVP_md_null ,
.Fn EVP_md5 ,
.Fn EVP_md5_sha1 ,
.Fn EVP_sha1 ,
and
.Fn EVP_ripemd160
return pointers to the corresponding
.Vt EVP_MD
structures.
.Pp
.Fn EVP_get_digestbyname ,
.Fn EVP_get_digestbynid ,
and
.Fn EVP_get_digestbyobj
return either an
.Vt EVP_MD
structure or
.Dv NULL
if an error occurs.
.Sh EXAMPLES
This example digests the data "Test Message\en" and "Hello World\en",
using the digest name passed on the command line.
.Bd -literal -offset indent
#include <stdio.h>
#include <openssl/evp.h>

int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
	EVP_MD_CTX *mdctx;
	const EVP_MD *md;
	const char mess1[] = "Test Message\en";
	const char mess2[] = "Hello World\en";
	unsigned char md_value[EVP_MAX_MD_SIZE];
	int md_len, i;

	if (argc <= 1) {
		printf("Usage: mdtest digestname\en");
		exit(1);
	}

	md = EVP_get_digestbyname(argv[1]);
	if (md == NULL) {
		printf("Unknown message digest %s\en", argv[1]);
		exit(1);
	}

	mdctx = EVP_MD_CTX_new();
	EVP_DigestInit_ex(mdctx, md, NULL);
	EVP_DigestUpdate(mdctx, mess1, strlen(mess1));
	EVP_DigestUpdate(mdctx, mess2, strlen(mess2));
	EVP_DigestFinal_ex(mdctx, md_value, &md_len);
	EVP_MD_CTX_free(mdctx);

	printf("Digest is: ");
	for(i = 0; i < md_len; i++)
		printf("%02x", md_value[i]);
	printf("\en");

	return 0;
}
.Ed
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr BIO_f_md 3 ,
.Xr CMAC_Init 3 ,
.Xr evp 3 ,
.Xr EVP_BytesToKey 3 ,
.Xr EVP_DigestSignInit 3 ,
.Xr EVP_DigestVerifyInit 3 ,
.Xr EVP_PKEY_CTX_set_signature_md 3 ,
.Xr EVP_PKEY_meth_set_signctx 3 ,
.Xr EVP_SignInit 3 ,
.Xr EVP_sm3 3 ,
.Xr EVP_VerifyInit 3 ,
.Xr EVP_whirlpool 3 ,
.Xr HMAC 3 ,
.Xr OCSP_basic_sign 3 ,
.Xr OCSP_request_sign 3 ,
.Xr PKCS5_PBKDF2_HMAC 3 ,
.Xr PKCS7_sign_add_signer 3 ,
.Xr X509_ALGOR_set_md 3 ,
.Xr X509_digest 3 ,
.Xr X509_sign 3
.Sh HISTORY
.Fn EVP_DigestInit ,
.Fn EVP_DigestUpdate ,
.Fn EVP_DigestFinal ,
.Dv EVP_MAX_MD_SIZE ,
.Fn EVP_md5 ,
and
.Fn EVP_sha1
first appeared in SSLeay 0.5.1.
.Fn EVP_MD_size
first appeared in SSLeay 0.6.6.
.Fn EVP_MD_CTX_size ,
.Fn EVP_MD_CTX_type ,
.Fn EVP_md_null ,
and
.Fn EVP_get_digestbyname
first appeared in SSLeay 0.8.0.
.Fn EVP_MD_type ,
.Fn EVP_MD_pkey_type ,
.Fn EVP_get_digestbynid ,
and
.Fn EVP_get_digestbyobj
first appeared in SSLeay 0.8.1.
.Fn EVP_MD_block_size ,
.Fn EVP_MD_CTX_size ,
.Fn EVP_MD_CTX_block_size ,
.Fn EVP_rc4_40 ,
.Fn EVP_rc2_40_cbc ,
and
.Fn EVP_ripemd160
first appeared in SSLeay 0.9.0.
All these functions have been available since
.Ox 2.4 .
.Pp
.Fn EVP_MD_CTX_copy
first appeared in OpenSSL 0.9.2b and has been available since
.Ox 2.6 .
.Pp
.Fn EVP_MD_CTX_md
first appeared in OpenSSL 0.9.5 and has been available since
.Ox 2.7 .
.Pp
.Fn EVP_MD_CTX_init ,
.Fn EVP_MD_CTX_create ,
.Fn EVP_MD_CTX_cleanup ,
.Fn EVP_MD_CTX_destroy ,
.Fn EVP_DigestInit_ex ,
.Fn EVP_DigestFinal_ex ,
.Fn EVP_Digest ,
and
.Fn EVP_MD_CTX_copy_ex
first appeared in OpenSSL 0.9.7 and have been available since
.Ox 3.2 .
.Pp
.Fn EVP_sha224 ,
.Fn EVP_sha256 ,
.Fn EVP_sha384 ,
and
.Fn EVP_sha512
first appeared in OpenSSL 0.9.7h and 0.9.8a
and have been available since
.Ox 4.0 .
.Pp
.Fn EVP_MD_CTX_ctrl
first appeared in OpenSSL 1.1.0 and has been available since
.Ox 5.7 .
.Pp
.Fn EVP_MD_CTX_new ,
.Fn EVP_MD_CTX_reset ,
.Fn EVP_MD_CTX_free ,
and
.Fn EVP_md5_sha1
first appeared in OpenSSL 1.1.0 and have been available since
.Ox 6.3 .
.Pp
The link between digests and signing algorithms was fixed in OpenSSL 1.0
and later, so now
.Fn EVP_sha1
can be used with RSA and DSA.