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.\" $OpenBSD: curs_printw.3,v 1.12 2023/10/17 09:52:08 nicm Exp $
.\"
.\"***************************************************************************
.\" Copyright 2018-2021,2022 Thomas E. Dickey *
.\" Copyright 1998-2010,2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc. *
.\" *
.\" Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a *
.\" copy of this software and associated documentation files (the *
.\" "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including *
.\" without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, *
.\" distribute, distribute with modifications, sublicense, and/or sell *
.\" copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is *
.\" furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: *
.\" *
.\" The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included *
.\" in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. *
.\" *
.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS *
.\" OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF *
.\" MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. *
.\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE ABOVE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, *
.\" DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR *
.\" OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR *
.\" THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. *
.\" *
.\" Except as contained in this notice, the name(s) of the above copyright *
.\" holders shall not be used in advertising or otherwise to promote the *
.\" sale, use or other dealings in this Software without prior written *
.\" authorization. *
.\"***************************************************************************
.\"
.\" $Id: curs_printw.3,v 1.12 2023/10/17 09:52:08 nicm Exp $
.TH curs_printw 3 2022-02-12 "ncurses 6.4" "Library calls"
.ie \n(.g .ds `` \(lq
.el .ds `` ``
.ie \n(.g .ds '' \(rq
.el .ds '' ''
.de bP
.ie n .IP \(bu 4
.el .IP \(bu 2
..
.na
.hy 0
.SH NAME
\fBprintw\fP,
\fBwprintw\fP,
\fBmvprintw\fP,
\fBmvwprintw\fP,
\fBvwprintw\fP, \fBvw_printw\fP \- print formatted output in \fBcurses\fP windows
.ad
.hy
.SH SYNOPSIS
\fB#include <curses.h>\fP
.sp
\fBint printw(const char *\fIfmt\fB, ...);\fR
.br
\fBint wprintw(WINDOW *\fIwin\fB, const char *\fIfmt\fB, ...);\fR
.br
\fBint mvprintw(int \fIy\fB, int \fIx\fB, const char *\fIfmt\fB, ...);\fR
.br
\fBint mvwprintw(WINDOW *\fIwin\fB, int \fIy\fB, int \fIx\fB, const char *\fIfmt\fB, ...);\fR
.br
\fBint vw_printw(WINDOW *\fIwin\fB, const char *\fIfmt\fB, va_list \fIvarglist\fB);\fR
.sp
/* obsolete */
.br
\fBint vwprintw(WINDOW *\fIwin\fB, const char *\fIfmt\fB, va_list \fIvarglist\fB);\fR
.SH DESCRIPTION
The \fBprintw\fP, \fBwprintw\fP, \fBmvprintw\fP and \fBmvwprintw\fP
routines are analogous to \fBprintf\fP [see \fBprintf\fP(3)].
In
effect, the string that would be output by \fBprintf\fP is output
instead as though \fBwaddstr\fP were used on the given window.
.PP
The \fBvwprintw\fP and \fBvw_printw\fP routines are analogous
to \fBvprintf\fP [see \fBprintf\fP(3)]
and perform a \fBwprintw\fP using a variable argument list.
The third argument is a \fBva_list\fP, a pointer to a
list of arguments, as defined in \fB<stdarg.h>\fP.
.SH RETURN VALUE
Routines that return an integer return \fBERR\fP upon failure and \fBOK\fP
(SVr4 only specifies "an integer value other than \fBERR\fP") upon successful
completion.
.PP
X/Open defines no error conditions.
In this implementation,
an error may be returned if it cannot allocate enough memory for the
buffer used to format the results.
It will return an error if the window pointer is null.
.PP
Functions with a \*(``mv\*('' prefix first perform a cursor movement using
\fBwmove\fP, and return an error if the position is outside the window,
or if the window pointer is null.
.SH HISTORY
While \fBprintw\fP was implemented in 4BSD,
it was unused until 4.2BSD (which used it in games).
That early version of curses was before the ANSI C standard.
It did not use <varargs.h>, though that was available.
In 1991 (a couple of years after SVr4 was generally available,
and after the C standard was published),
other developers updated the library,
using <stdarg.h> internally in 4.4BSD curses.
Even with this improvement,
BSD curses did not use function prototypes (or even declare
functions) in the <curses.h> header until 1992.
.PP
SVr2 documented
\fBprintw\fP,
\fBwprintw\fP
tersely as \*(``printf on \fIstdscr\fP\*('' and
tersely as \*(``printf on \fIwin\fP\*('', respectively.
.PP
SVr3 added
\fBmvprintw\fP, and
\fBmvwprintw\fP, with a three-line summary saying that they were analogous
to \fBprintf\fP(3),
explaining that the string which would be output from \fBprintf\fP(3) would
instead be output using \fBwaddstr\fP on the given window.
SVr3 also added \fBvwprintw\fP, saying that the third parameter
is a \fBva_list\fP, defined in <varargs.h>,
and referring the reader to the manual pages for \fIvarargs\fP and
\fBvprintf\fP for detailed descriptions.
.PP
SVr4 added no new variations of \fBprintw\fP,
but provided for using <varargs.h> or <stdarg.h> to define the \fBva_list\fP
type.
.PP
X/Open Curses added \fBvw_printw\fP to replace \fBvwprintw\fP,
stating that its \fBva_list\fP definition requires <stdarg.h>.
.SH PORTABILITY
In this implementation, \fBvw_printw\fP and \fBvwprintw\fP are equivalent,
to support legacy applications.
However, the latter (\fBvwprintw\fP) is obsolete:
.bP
The XSI Curses standard, Issue 4 described these functions.
The function
\fBvwprintw\fP is marked TO BE WITHDRAWN, and is to be replaced by a function
\fBvw_printw\fP using the \fB<stdarg.h>\fP interface.
.bP
The Single Unix Specification, Version 2 states that
\fBvw_printw\fP is preferred to \fBvwprintw\fP since the latter requires
including \fB<varargs.h>\fP, which
cannot be used in the same file as \fB<stdarg.h>\fP.
This implementation uses \fB<stdarg.h>\fP for both,
because that header is included in \fB<curses.h\fP>.
.bP
X/Open Curses, Issue 5 (December 2007) marked \fBvwprintw\fP (along with
\fBvwscanw\fP and the termcap interface) as withdrawn.
.SH SEE ALSO
.na
\fBcurses\fP(3),
\fBcurs_addstr\fP(3),
\fBcurs_scanw\fP(3),
\fBtermcap\fP(3),
\fBprintf\fP(3),
\fBvprintf\fP(3).
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