1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
1089
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126
1127
1128
1129
1130
1131
1132
1133
1134
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139
1140
1141
1142
1143
1144
1145
1146
1147
1148
1149
1150
1151
1152
1153
1154
1155
1156
1157
1158
1159
1160
1161
1162
1163
1164
1165
1166
1167
1168
1169
1170
1171
1172
1173
1174
1175
1176
1177
1178
1179
1180
1181
1182
1183
1184
1185
1186
1187
1188
1189
1190
1191
1192
1193
1194
1195
1196
1197
1198
1199
1200
1201
1202
1203
1204
1205
1206
1207
1208
1209
1210
1211
1212
1213
1214
1215
1216
1217
1218
1219
1220
1221
1222
1223
1224
1225
1226
1227
1228
1229
1230
1231
1232
1233
1234
1235
1236
1237
1238
1239
1240
1241
1242
1243
1244
1245
1246
1247
1248
1249
1250
1251
1252
1253
1254
1255
1256
1257
1258
1259
1260
1261
1262
1263
1264
1265
1266
1267
1268
1269
1270
1271
1272
1273
1274
1275
1276
1277
1278
1279
1280
1281
1282
1283
1284
1285
1286
1287
1288
1289
1290
1291
1292
1293
1294
1295
1296
1297
1298
1299
1300
1301
1302
1303
1304
1305
1306
1307
1308
1309
1310
1311
1312
1313
1314
1315
1316
1317
1318
1319
1320
1321
1322
1323
1324
1325
1326
1327
1328
1329
1330
1331
1332
1333
1334
1335
1336
1337
1338
1339
1340
1341
1342
1343
1344
1345
1346
1347
1348
1349
1350
1351
1352
1353
1354
1355
1356
1357
1358
1359
1360
1361
1362
1363
1364
1365
1366
1367
1368
1369
1370
1371
1372
1373
1374
1375
1376
1377
1378
1379
1380
1381
1382
1383
1384
1385
1386
1387
1388
1389
1390
1391
1392
1393
1394
1395
1396
1397
1398
1399
1400
1401
1402
1403
1404
1405
1406
1407
1408
1409
1410
1411
1412
1413
1414
1415
1416
1417
1418
1419
1420
1421
1422
1423
1424
1425
1426
1427
1428
1429
1430
1431
1432
1433
1434
1435
1436
1437
1438
1439
1440
1441
1442
1443
1444
1445
1446
1447
1448
1449
1450
1451
1452
1453
1454
1455
1456
1457
1458
1459
1460
1461
1462
1463
1464
1465
1466
1467
1468
1469
1470
1471
1472
1473
1474
1475
1476
1477
1478
1479
1480
1481
1482
1483
1484
1485
1486
1487
1488
1489
1490
1491
1492
1493
1494
1495
1496
1497
1498
1499
1500
1501
1502
1503
1504
1505
1506
1507
1508
1509
1510
1511
1512
1513
1514
1515
1516
1517
1518
1519
1520
1521
1522
1523
1524
1525
1526
1527
1528
1529
1530
1531
1532
1533
1534
1535
1536
1537
1538
1539
1540
1541
1542
1543
1544
1545
1546
1547
1548
1549
1550
1551
1552
1553
1554
1555
1556
1557
1558
1559
1560
1561
1562
1563
1564
1565
1566
1567
1568
1569
1570
1571
1572
1573
1574
1575
1576
1577
1578
1579
1580
1581
1582
1583
1584
1585
1586
1587
1588
1589
1590
1591
1592
1593
1594
1595
1596
1597
1598
1599
1600
1601
1602
1603
1604
1605
1606
1607
1608
1609
1610
1611
1612
1613
1614
1615
1616
1617
1618
1619
1620
1621
1622
1623
1624
1625
1626
1627
1628
1629
1630
1631
1632
1633
1634
1635
1636
1637
1638
1639
1640
1641
1642
1643
1644
1645
1646
1647
1648
1649
1650
1651
1652
1653
1654
1655
1656
1657
1658
1659
1660
1661
1662
1663
1664
1665
1666
1667
1668
1669
1670
1671
1672
1673
1674
1675
1676
1677
1678
1679
1680
1681
1682
1683
1684
1685
1686
1687
1688
1689
1690
1691
1692
1693
1694
1695
1696
1697
1698
1699
1700
1701
1702
1703
1704
1705
1706
1707
1708
1709
1710
1711
1712
1713
1714
1715
1716
1717
1718
1719
1720
1721
1722
1723
1724
1725
1726
1727
1728
1729
1730
1731
1732
1733
1734
1735
1736
1737
1738
1739
1740
1741
1742
1743
1744
1745
1746
1747
1748
1749
1750
1751
1752
1753
1754
1755
1756
1757
1758
1759
1760
1761
1762
1763
1764
1765
1766
1767
1768
1769
1770
1771
1772
1773
1774
1775
1776
1777
1778
1779
1780
1781
1782
1783
1784
1785
1786
1787
1788
1789
1790
1791
1792
1793
1794
1795
1796
1797
1798
1799
1800
1801
1802
1803
1804
1805
1806
1807
1808
1809
1810
1811
1812
1813
1814
1815
1816
1817
1818
1819
1820
1821
1822
1823
1824
1825
1826
1827
1828
1829
1830
1831
1832
1833
1834
1835
1836
1837
1838
1839
1840
1841
1842
1843
1844
1845
1846
1847
1848
1849
1850
1851
1852
1853
1854
1855
1856
1857
1858
1859
1860
1861
1862
1863
1864
1865
1866
1867
1868
1869
1870
1871
1872
1873
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880
1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
2031
2032
2033
2034
2035
2036
2037
2038
2039
2040
2041
2042
2043
2044
2045
2046
2047
2048
2049
2050
2051
2052
2053
2054
2055
2056
2057
2058
2059
2060
2061
2062
2063
2064
2065
2066
2067
2068
2069
2070
2071
2072
2073
2074
2075
2076
2077
2078
2079
2080
2081
2082
2083
2084
2085
2086
2087
2088
2089
2090
2091
2092
2093
2094
2095
2096
2097
2098
2099
2100
2101
2102
2103
2104
2105
2106
2107
2108
2109
2110
2111
2112
2113
2114
2115
2116
2117
2118
2119
2120
2121
2122
2123
2124
2125
2126
2127
2128
2129
2130
2131
2132
2133
2134
2135
2136
2137
2138
2139
2140
2141
2142
2143
2144
2145
2146
2147
2148
2149
2150
2151
2152
2153
2154
2155
2156
2157
2158
2159
2160
2161
2162
2163
2164
2165
2166
2167
2168
2169
2170
2171
2172
2173
2174
2175
2176
2177
2178
2179
2180
2181
2182
2183
2184
2185
2186
2187
2188
2189
2190
2191
2192
2193
2194
2195
2196
2197
2198
2199
2200
2201
2202
2203
2204
2205
2206
2207
2208
2209
2210
2211
2212
2213
2214
2215
2216
2217
2218
2219
2220
2221
2222
2223
2224
2225
2226
2227
2228
2229
2230
2231
2232
2233
2234
2235
2236
2237
2238
2239
2240
2241
2242
2243
2244
2245
2246
2247
2248
2249
2250
2251
2252
2253
2254
2255
2256
2257
2258
2259
2260
2261
2262
2263
2264
2265
2266
2267
2268
2269
2270
2271
2272
2273
2274
2275
2276
2277
2278
2279
2280
2281
2282
2283
2284
2285
2286
2287
2288
2289
2290
2291
2292
2293
2294
2295
2296
2297
2298
2299
2300
2301
2302
2303
2304
2305
2306
2307
2308
2309
2310
2311
2312
2313
2314
2315
2316
2317
2318
2319
2320
2321
2322
2323
2324
2325
2326
2327
2328
2329
2330
2331
2332
2333
2334
2335
2336
2337
2338
2339
2340
2341
2342
2343
2344
2345
2346
2347
2348
2349
2350
2351
2352
2353
2354
2355
2356
2357
2358
2359
2360
2361
2362
2363
2364
2365
2366
2367
2368
2369
2370
2371
2372
2373
2374
2375
2376
2377
2378
2379
2380
2381
2382
2383
2384
2385
2386
2387
2388
2389
2390
2391
2392
2393
2394
2395
2396
2397
2398
2399
2400
2401
2402
2403
2404
2405
2406
2407
2408
2409
2410
2411
2412
2413
2414
2415
2416
2417
2418
2419
2420
2421
2422
2423
2424
2425
2426
2427
2428
2429
2430
2431
2432
2433
2434
2435
2436
2437
2438
2439
2440
2441
2442
2443
2444
2445
2446
2447
2448
2449
2450
2451
2452
2453
2454
2455
2456
2457
2458
2459
2460
2461
2462
2463
2464
2465
2466
2467
2468
2469
2470
2471
2472
2473
2474
2475
2476
2477
2478
2479
2480
2481
2482
2483
2484
2485
2486
2487
2488
2489
2490
2491
2492
2493
2494
2495
2496
2497
2498
2499
2500
2501
2502
2503
2504
2505
2506
2507
2508
2509
2510
2511
2512
2513
2514
2515
2516
2517
2518
2519
2520
2521
2522
2523
2524
2525
2526
2527
2528
2529
2530
2531
2532
2533
2534
2535
2536
2537
2538
2539
2540
2541
2542
2543
2544
2545
2546
2547
2548
2549
2550
2551
2552
2553
2554
2555
2556
2557
2558
2559
2560
2561
2562
2563
2564
2565
2566
2567
2568
2569
2570
2571
2572
2573
2574
2575
2576
2577
2578
2579
2580
2581
2582
2583
2584
2585
2586
2587
2588
2589
2590
2591
2592
2593
2594
2595
2596
2597
2598
2599
2600
2601
2602
2603
2604
2605
2606
2607
2608
2609
2610
2611
2612
2613
2614
2615
2616
2617
2618
2619
2620
2621
2622
2623
2624
2625
2626
2627
2628
2629
2630
2631
2632
2633
2634
2635
2636
2637
2638
2639
2640
2641
2642
2643
2644
2645
2646
2647
2648
2649
2650
2651
2652
2653
2654
2655
2656
2657
2658
2659
2660
2661
2662
2663
2664
2665
2666
2667
2668
2669
2670
2671
2672
2673
2674
2675
2676
2677
2678
2679
2680
2681
2682
2683
2684
2685
2686
2687
2688
2689
2690
2691
2692
2693
2694
2695
2696
2697
2698
2699
2700
2701
2702
2703
2704
2705
|
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<!--
__ __ _
___\ \/ /_ __ __ _| |_
/ _ \\ /| '_ \ / _` | __|
| __// \| |_) | (_| | |_
\___/_/\_\ .__/ \__,_|\__|
|_| XML parser
Copyright (c) 2000 Clark Cooper <coopercc@users.sourceforge.net>
Copyright (c) 2000-2004 Fred L. Drake, Jr. <fdrake@users.sourceforge.net>
Copyright (c) 2002-2012 Karl Waclawek <karl@waclawek.net>
Copyright (c) 2017-2024 Sebastian Pipping <sebastian@pipping.org>
Copyright (c) 2017 Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
Copyright (c) 2021 Tomas Korbar <tkorbar@redhat.com>
Copyright (c) 2021 Nicolas Cavallari <nicolas.cavallari@green-communications.fr>
Copyright (c) 2022 Thijs Schreijer <thijs@thijsschreijer.nl>
Copyright (c) 2023 Hanno Böck <hanno@gentoo.org>
Copyright (c) 2023 Sony Corporation / Snild Dolkow <snild@sony.com>
Licensed under the MIT license:
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
"Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit
persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the
following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN
NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM,
DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR
OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE
USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
-->
<title>Expat XML Parser</title>
<meta name="author" content="Clark Cooper, coopercc@netheaven.com" />
<meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" />
<link href="ok.min.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
<link href="style.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
</head>
<body>
<div>
<h1>
The Expat XML Parser
<small>Release 2.6.3</small>
</h1>
</div>
<div class="content">
<p>Expat is a library, written in C, for parsing XML documents. It's
the underlying XML parser for the open source Mozilla project, Perl's
<code>XML::Parser</code>, Python's <code>xml.parsers.expat</code>, and
other open-source XML parsers.</p>
<p>This library is the creation of James Clark, who's also given us
groff (an nroff look-alike), Jade (an implementation of ISO's DSSSL
stylesheet language for SGML), XP (a Java XML parser package), XT (a
Java XSL engine). James was also the technical lead on the XML
Working Group at W3C that produced the XML specification.</p>
<p>This is free software, licensed under the <a
href="../COPYING">MIT/X Consortium license</a>. You may download it
from <a href="https://libexpat.github.io/">the Expat home page</a>.
</p>
<p>The bulk of this document was originally commissioned as an article
by <a href="https://www.xml.com/">XML.com</a>. They graciously allowed
Clark Cooper to retain copyright and to distribute it with Expat.
This version has been substantially extended to include documentation
on features which have been added since the original article was
published, and additional information on using the original
interface.</p>
<hr />
<h2>Table of Contents</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="#overview">Overview</a></li>
<li><a href="#building">Building and Installing</a></li>
<li><a href="#using">Using Expat</a></li>
<li><a href="#reference">Reference</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#creation">Parser Creation Functions</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#XML_ParserCreate">XML_ParserCreate</a></li>
<li><a href="#XML_ParserCreateNS">XML_ParserCreateNS</a></li>
<li><a href="#XML_ParserCreate_MM">XML_ParserCreate_MM</a></li>
<li><a href="#XML_ExternalEntityParserCreate">XML_ExternalEntityParserCreate</a></li>
<li><a href="#XML_ParserFree">XML_ParserFree</a></li>
<li><a href="#XML_ParserReset">XML_ParserReset</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#parsing">Parsing Functions</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#XML_Parse">XML_Parse</a></li>
<li><a href="#XML_ParseBuffer">XML_ParseBuffer</a></li>
<li><a href="#XML_GetBuffer">XML_GetBuffer</a></li>
<li><a href="#XML_StopParser">XML_StopParser</a></li>
<li><a href="#XML_ResumeParser">XML_ResumeParser</a></li>
<li><a href="#XML_GetParsingStatus">XML_GetParsingStatus</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#setting">Handler Setting Functions</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#XML_SetStartElementHandler">XML_SetStartElementHandler</a></li>
<li><a href="#XML_SetEndElementHandler">XML_SetEndElementHandler</a></li>
<li><a href="#XML_SetElementHandler">XML_SetElementHandler</a></li>
<li><a href="#XML_SetCharacterDataHandler">XML_SetCharacterDataHandler</a></li>
<li><a href="#XML_SetProcessingInstructionHandler">XML_SetProcessingInstructionHandler</a></li>
<li><a href="#XML_SetCommentHandler">XML_SetCommentHandler</a></li>
<li><a href="#XML_SetStartCdataSectionHandler">XML_SetStartCdataSectionHandler</a></li>
<li><a href="#XML_SetEndCdataSectionHandler">XML_SetEndCdataSectionHandler</a></li>
<li><a href="#XML_SetCdataSectionHandler">XML_SetCdataSectionHandler</a></li>
<li><a href="#XML_SetDefaultHandler">XML_SetDefaultHandler</a></li>
<li><a href="#XML_SetDefaultHandlerExpand">XML_SetDefaultHandlerExpand</a></li>
<li><a href="#XML_SetExternalEntityRefHandler">XML_SetExternalEntityRefHandler</a></li>
<li><a href="#XML_SetExternalEntityRefHandlerArg">XML_SetExternalEntityRefHandlerArg</a></li>
<li><a href="#XML_SetSkippedEntityHandler">XML_SetSkippedEntityHandler</a></li>
<li><a href="#XML_SetUnknownEncodingHandler">XML_SetUnknownEncodingHandler</a></li>
<li><a href="#XML_SetStartNamespaceDeclHandler">XML_SetStartNamespaceDeclHandler</a></li>
<li><a href="#XML_SetEndNamespaceDeclHandler">XML_SetEndNamespaceDeclHandler</a></li>
<li><a href="#XML_SetNamespaceDeclHandler">XML_SetNamespaceDeclHandler</a></li>
<li><a href="#XML_SetXmlDeclHandler">XML_SetXmlDeclHandler</a></li>
<li><a href="#XML_SetStartDoctypeDeclHandler">XML_SetStartDoctypeDeclHandler</a></li>
<li><a href="#XML_SetEndDoctypeDeclHandler">XML_SetEndDoctypeDeclHandler</a></li>
<li><a href="#XML_SetDoctypeDeclHandler">XML_SetDoctypeDeclHandler</a></li>
<li><a href="#XML_SetElementDeclHandler">XML_SetElementDeclHandler</a></li>
<li><a href="#XML_SetAttlistDeclHandler">XML_SetAttlistDeclHandler</a></li>
<li><a href="#XML_SetEntityDeclHandler">XML_SetEntityDeclHandler</a></li>
<li><a href="#XML_SetUnparsedEntityDeclHandler">XML_SetUnparsedEntityDeclHandler</a></li>
<li><a href="#XML_SetNotationDeclHandler">XML_SetNotationDeclHandler</a></li>
<li><a href="#XML_SetNotStandaloneHandler">XML_SetNotStandaloneHandler</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#position">Parse Position and Error Reporting Functions</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#XML_GetErrorCode">XML_GetErrorCode</a></li>
<li><a href="#XML_ErrorString">XML_ErrorString</a></li>
<li><a href="#XML_GetCurrentByteIndex">XML_GetCurrentByteIndex</a></li>
<li><a href="#XML_GetCurrentLineNumber">XML_GetCurrentLineNumber</a></li>
<li><a href="#XML_GetCurrentColumnNumber">XML_GetCurrentColumnNumber</a></li>
<li><a href="#XML_GetCurrentByteCount">XML_GetCurrentByteCount</a></li>
<li><a href="#XML_GetInputContext">XML_GetInputContext</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#attack-protection">Attack Protection</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#XML_SetBillionLaughsAttackProtectionMaximumAmplification">XML_SetBillionLaughsAttackProtectionMaximumAmplification</a></li>
<li><a href="#XML_SetBillionLaughsAttackProtectionActivationThreshold">XML_SetBillionLaughsAttackProtectionActivationThreshold</a></li>
<li><a href="#XML_SetReparseDeferralEnabled">XML_SetReparseDeferralEnabled</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#miscellaneous">Miscellaneous Functions</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#XML_SetUserData">XML_SetUserData</a></li>
<li><a href="#XML_GetUserData">XML_GetUserData</a></li>
<li><a href="#XML_UseParserAsHandlerArg">XML_UseParserAsHandlerArg</a></li>
<li><a href="#XML_SetBase">XML_SetBase</a></li>
<li><a href="#XML_GetBase">XML_GetBase</a></li>
<li><a href="#XML_GetSpecifiedAttributeCount">XML_GetSpecifiedAttributeCount</a></li>
<li><a href="#XML_GetIdAttributeIndex">XML_GetIdAttributeIndex</a></li>
<li><a href="#XML_GetAttributeInfo">XML_GetAttributeInfo</a></li>
<li><a href="#XML_SetEncoding">XML_SetEncoding</a></li>
<li><a href="#XML_SetParamEntityParsing">XML_SetParamEntityParsing</a></li>
<li><a href="#XML_SetHashSalt">XML_SetHashSalt</a></li>
<li><a href="#XML_UseForeignDTD">XML_UseForeignDTD</a></li>
<li><a href="#XML_SetReturnNSTriplet">XML_SetReturnNSTriplet</a></li>
<li><a href="#XML_DefaultCurrent">XML_DefaultCurrent</a></li>
<li><a href="#XML_ExpatVersion">XML_ExpatVersion</a></li>
<li><a href="#XML_ExpatVersionInfo">XML_ExpatVersionInfo</a></li>
<li><a href="#XML_GetFeatureList">XML_GetFeatureList</a></li>
<li><a href="#XML_FreeContentModel">XML_FreeContentModel</a></li>
<li><a href="#XML_MemMalloc">XML_MemMalloc</a></li>
<li><a href="#XML_MemRealloc">XML_MemRealloc</a></li>
<li><a href="#XML_MemFree">XML_MemFree</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<hr />
<h2><a name="overview">Overview</a></h2>
<p>Expat is a stream-oriented parser. You register callback (or
handler) functions with the parser and then start feeding it the
document. As the parser recognizes parts of the document, it will
call the appropriate handler for that part (if you've registered one.)
The document is fed to the parser in pieces, so you can start parsing
before you have all the document. This also allows you to parse really
huge documents that won't fit into memory.</p>
<p>Expat can be intimidating due to the many kinds of handlers and
options you can set. But you only need to learn four functions in
order to do 90% of what you'll want to do with it:</p>
<dl>
<dt><code><a href= "#XML_ParserCreate"
>XML_ParserCreate</a></code></dt>
<dd>Create a new parser object.</dd>
<dt><code><a href= "#XML_SetElementHandler"
>XML_SetElementHandler</a></code></dt>
<dd>Set handlers for start and end tags.</dd>
<dt><code><a href= "#XML_SetCharacterDataHandler"
>XML_SetCharacterDataHandler</a></code></dt>
<dd>Set handler for text.</dd>
<dt><code><a href= "#XML_Parse"
>XML_Parse</a></code></dt>
<dd>Pass a buffer full of document to the parser</dd>
</dl>
<p>These functions and others are described in the <a
href="#reference">reference</a> part of this document. The reference
section also describes in detail the parameters passed to the
different types of handlers.</p>
<p>Let's look at a very simple example program that only uses 3 of the
above functions (it doesn't need to set a character handler.) The
program <a href="../examples/outline.c">outline.c</a> prints an
element outline, indenting child elements to distinguish them from the
parent element that contains them. The start handler does all the
work. It prints two indenting spaces for every level of ancestor
elements, then it prints the element and attribute
information. Finally it increments the global <code>Depth</code>
variable.</p>
<pre class="eg">
int Depth;
void XMLCALL
start(void *data, const char *el, const char **attr) {
int i;
for (i = 0; i < Depth; i++)
printf(" ");
printf("%s", el);
for (i = 0; attr[i]; i += 2) {
printf(" %s='%s'", attr[i], attr[i + 1]);
}
printf("\n");
Depth++;
} /* End of start handler */
</pre>
<p>The end tag simply does the bookkeeping work of decrementing
<code>Depth</code>.</p>
<pre class="eg">
void XMLCALL
end(void *data, const char *el) {
Depth--;
} /* End of end handler */
</pre>
<p>Note the <code>XMLCALL</code> annotation used for the callbacks.
This is used to ensure that the Expat and the callbacks are using the
same calling convention in case the compiler options used for Expat
itself and the client code are different. Expat tries not to care
what the default calling convention is, though it may require that it
be compiled with a default convention of "cdecl" on some platforms.
For code which uses Expat, however, the calling convention is
specified by the <code>XMLCALL</code> annotation on most platforms;
callbacks should be defined using this annotation.</p>
<p>The <code>XMLCALL</code> annotation was added in Expat 1.95.7, but
existing working Expat applications don't need to add it (since they
are already using the "cdecl" calling convention, or they wouldn't be
working). The annotation is only needed if the default calling
convention may be something other than "cdecl". To use the annotation
safely with older versions of Expat, you can conditionally define it
<em>after</em> including Expat's header file:</p>
<pre class="eg">
#include <expat.h>
#ifndef XMLCALL
#if defined(_MSC_EXTENSIONS) && !defined(__BEOS__) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
#define XMLCALL __cdecl
#elif defined(__GNUC__)
#define XMLCALL __attribute__((cdecl))
#else
#define XMLCALL
#endif
#endif
</pre>
<p>After creating the parser, the main program just has the job of
shoveling the document to the parser so that it can do its work.</p>
<hr />
<h2><a name="building">Building and Installing Expat</a></h2>
<p>The Expat distribution comes as a compressed (with GNU gzip) tar
file. You may download the latest version from <a href=
"https://sourceforge.net/projects/expat/" >Source Forge</a>. After
unpacking this, cd into the directory. Then follow either the Win32
directions or Unix directions below.</p>
<h3>Building under Win32</h3>
<p>If you're using the GNU compiler under cygwin, follow the Unix
directions in the next section. Otherwise if you have Microsoft's
Developer Studio installed,
you can use CMake to generate a <code>.sln</code> file, e.g.
<code>
cmake -G"Visual Studio 16 2019" -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RelWithDebInfo .
</code>, and build Expat using <code>msbuild /m expat.sln</code> after.</p>
<p>Alternatively, you may download the Win32 binary package that
contains the "expat.h" include file and a pre-built DLL.</p>
<h3>Building under Unix (or GNU)</h3>
<p>First you'll need to run the configure shell script in order to
configure the Makefiles and headers for your system.</p>
<p>If you're happy with all the defaults that configure picks for you,
and you have permission on your system to install into /usr/local, you
can install Expat with this sequence of commands:</p>
<pre class="eg">
./configure
make
make install
</pre>
<p>There are some options that you can provide to this script, but the
only one we'll mention here is the <code>--prefix</code> option. You
can find out all the options available by running configure with just
the <code>--help</code> option.</p>
<p>By default, the configure script sets things up so that the library
gets installed in <code>/usr/local/lib</code> and the associated
header file in <code>/usr/local/include</code>. But if you were to
give the option, <code>--prefix=/home/me/mystuff</code>, then the
library and header would get installed in
<code>/home/me/mystuff/lib</code> and
<code>/home/me/mystuff/include</code> respectively.</p>
<h3>Configuring Expat Using the Pre-Processor</h3>
<p>Expat's feature set can be configured using a small number of
pre-processor definitions. The symbols are:</p>
<dl class="cpp-symbols">
<dt><a name="XML_GE">XML_GE</a></dt>
<dd>
Added in Expat 2.6.0.
Include support for
<a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#sec-physical-struct">general entities</a>
(syntax <code>&e1;</code> to reference and
syntax <code><!ENTITY e1 'value1'></code> (an internal general entity) or
<code><!ENTITY e2 SYSTEM 'file2'></code> (an external general entity) to declare).
With <code>XML_GE</code> enabled, general entities will be replaced by their declared replacement text;
for this to work for <em>external</em> general entities, in addition an
<code><a href="#XML_SetExternalEntityRefHandler">XML_ExternalEntityRefHandler</a></code> must be set using
<code><a href="#XML_SetExternalEntityRefHandler">XML_SetExternalEntityRefHandler</a></code>.
Also, enabling <code>XML_GE</code> makes
the functions <code><a href="#XML_SetBillionLaughsAttackProtectionMaximumAmplification">
XML_SetBillionLaughsAttackProtectionMaximumAmplification</a></code> and <code>
<a href="#XML_SetBillionLaughsAttackProtectionActivationThreshold">
XML_SetBillionLaughsAttackProtectionActivationThreshold</a></code> available.
<br/>
With <code>XML_GE</code> disabled, Expat has a smaller memory footprint and can be faster, but will
not load external general entities and will replace all general entities
(except the <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#sec-predefined-ent">predefined five</a>:
<code>amp</code>, <code>apos</code>, <code>gt</code>, <code>lt</code>, <code>quot</code>)
with a self-reference:
for example, referencing an entity <code>e1</code> via <code>&e1;</code> will be replaced
by text <code>&e1;</code>.
</dd>
<dt><a name="XML_DTD">XML_DTD</a></dt>
<dd>Include support for using and reporting DTD-based content. If
this is defined, default attribute values from an external DTD subset
are reported and attribute value normalization occurs based on the
type of attributes defined in the external subset. Without
this, Expat has a smaller memory footprint and can be faster, but will
not load external parameter entities or process conditional sections. If defined, makes
the functions <code><a
href="#XML_SetBillionLaughsAttackProtectionMaximumAmplification">
XML_SetBillionLaughsAttackProtectionMaximumAmplification</a></code> and <code>
<a href="#XML_SetBillionLaughsAttackProtectionActivationThreshold">
XML_SetBillionLaughsAttackProtectionActivationThreshold</a></code> available.</dd>
<dt><a name="XML_NS">XML_NS</a></dt>
<dd>When defined, support for the <cite><a href=
"https://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml-names/" >Namespaces in XML</a></cite>
specification is included.</dd>
<dt><a name="XML_UNICODE">XML_UNICODE</a></dt>
<dd>When defined, character data reported to the application is
encoded in UTF-16 using wide characters of the type
<code>XML_Char</code>. This is implied if
<code>XML_UNICODE_WCHAR_T</code> is defined.</dd>
<dt><a name="XML_UNICODE_WCHAR_T">XML_UNICODE_WCHAR_T</a></dt>
<dd>If defined, causes the <code>XML_Char</code> character type to be
defined using the <code>wchar_t</code> type; otherwise, <code>unsigned
short</code> is used. Defining this implies
<code>XML_UNICODE</code>.</dd>
<dt><a name="XML_LARGE_SIZE">XML_LARGE_SIZE</a></dt>
<dd>If defined, causes the <code>XML_Size</code> and <code>XML_Index</code>
integer types to be at least 64 bits in size. This is intended to support
processing of very large input streams, where the return values of
<code><a href="#XML_GetCurrentByteIndex" >XML_GetCurrentByteIndex</a></code>,
<code><a href="#XML_GetCurrentLineNumber" >XML_GetCurrentLineNumber</a></code> and
<code><a href="#XML_GetCurrentColumnNumber" >XML_GetCurrentColumnNumber</a></code>
could overflow. It may not be supported by all compilers, and is turned
off by default.</dd>
<dt><a name="XML_CONTEXT_BYTES">XML_CONTEXT_BYTES</a></dt>
<dd>The number of input bytes of markup context which the parser will
ensure are available for reporting via <code><a href=
"#XML_GetInputContext" >XML_GetInputContext</a></code>. This is
normally set to 1024, and must be set to a positive integer to enable.
If this is set to zero, the input context will not be available and <code><a
href= "#XML_GetInputContext" >XML_GetInputContext</a></code> will
always report <code>NULL</code>. Without this, Expat has a smaller memory
footprint and can be faster.</dd>
<dt><a name="XML_STATIC">XML_STATIC</a></dt>
<dd>On Windows, this should be set if Expat is going to be linked
statically with the code that calls it; this is required to get all
the right MSVC magic annotations correct. This is ignored on other
platforms.</dd>
<dt><a name="XML_ATTR_INFO">XML_ATTR_INFO</a></dt>
<dd>If defined, makes the additional function <code><a href=
"#XML_GetAttributeInfo" >XML_GetAttributeInfo</a></code> available
for reporting attribute byte offsets.</dd>
</dl>
<hr />
<h2><a name="using">Using Expat</a></h2>
<h3>Compiling and Linking Against Expat</h3>
<p>Unless you installed Expat in a location not expected by your
compiler and linker, all you have to do to use Expat in your programs
is to include the Expat header (<code>#include <expat.h></code>)
in your files that make calls to it and to tell the linker that it
needs to link against the Expat library. On Unix systems, this would
usually be done with the <code>-lexpat</code> argument. Otherwise,
you'll need to tell the compiler where to look for the Expat header
and the linker where to find the Expat library. You may also need to
take steps to tell the operating system where to find this library at
run time.</p>
<p>On a Unix-based system, here's what a Makefile might look like when
Expat is installed in a standard location:</p>
<pre class="eg">
CC=cc
LDFLAGS=
LIBS= -lexpat
xmlapp: xmlapp.o
$(CC) $(LDFLAGS) -o xmlapp xmlapp.o $(LIBS)
</pre>
<p>If you installed Expat in, say, <code>/home/me/mystuff</code>, then
the Makefile would look like this:</p>
<pre class="eg">
CC=cc
CFLAGS= -I/home/me/mystuff/include
LDFLAGS=
LIBS= -L/home/me/mystuff/lib -lexpat
xmlapp: xmlapp.o
$(CC) $(LDFLAGS) -o xmlapp xmlapp.o $(LIBS)
</pre>
<p>You'd also have to set the environment variable
<code>LD_LIBRARY_PATH</code> to <code>/home/me/mystuff/lib</code> (or
to <code>${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:/home/me/mystuff/lib</code> if
LD_LIBRARY_PATH already has some directories in it) in order to run
your application.</p>
<h3>Expat Basics</h3>
<p>As we saw in the example in the overview, the first step in parsing
an XML document with Expat is to create a parser object. There are <a
href="#creation">three functions</a> in the Expat API for creating a
parser object. However, only two of these (<code><a href=
"#XML_ParserCreate" >XML_ParserCreate</a></code> and <code><a href=
"#XML_ParserCreateNS" >XML_ParserCreateNS</a></code>) can be used for
constructing a parser for a top-level document. The object returned
by these functions is an opaque pointer (i.e. "expat.h" declares it as
void *) to data with further internal structure. In order to free the
memory associated with this object you must call <code><a href=
"#XML_ParserFree" >XML_ParserFree</a></code>. Note that if you have
provided any <a href="#userdata">user data</a> that gets stored in the
parser, then your application is responsible for freeing it prior to
calling <code>XML_ParserFree</code>.</p>
<p>The objects returned by the parser creation functions are good for
parsing only one XML document or external parsed entity. If your
application needs to parse many XML documents, then it needs to create
a parser object for each one. The best way to deal with this is to
create a higher level object that contains all the default
initialization you want for your parser objects.</p>
<p>Walking through a document hierarchy with a stream oriented parser
will require a good stack mechanism in order to keep track of current
context. For instance, to answer the simple question, "What element
does this text belong to?" requires a stack, since the parser may have
descended into other elements that are children of the current one and
has encountered this text on the way out.</p>
<p>The things you're likely to want to keep on a stack are the
currently opened element and it's attributes. You push this
information onto the stack in the start handler and you pop it off in
the end handler.</p>
<p>For some tasks, it is sufficient to just keep information on what
the depth of the stack is (or would be if you had one.) The outline
program shown above presents one example. Another such task would be
skipping over a complete element. When you see the start tag for the
element you want to skip, you set a skip flag and record the depth at
which the element started. When the end tag handler encounters the
same depth, the skipped element has ended and the flag may be
cleared. If you follow the convention that the root element starts at
1, then you can use the same variable for skip flag and skip
depth.</p>
<pre class="eg">
void
init_info(Parseinfo *info) {
info->skip = 0;
info->depth = 1;
/* Other initializations here */
} /* End of init_info */
void XMLCALL
rawstart(void *data, const char *el, const char **attr) {
Parseinfo *inf = (Parseinfo *) data;
if (! inf->skip) {
if (should_skip(inf, el, attr)) {
inf->skip = inf->depth;
}
else
start(inf, el, attr); /* This does rest of start handling */
}
inf->depth++;
} /* End of rawstart */
void XMLCALL
rawend(void *data, const char *el) {
Parseinfo *inf = (Parseinfo *) data;
inf->depth--;
if (! inf->skip)
end(inf, el); /* This does rest of end handling */
if (inf->skip == inf->depth)
inf->skip = 0;
} /* End rawend */
</pre>
<p>Notice in the above example the difference in how depth is
manipulated in the start and end handlers. The end tag handler should
be the mirror image of the start tag handler. This is necessary to
properly model containment. Since, in the start tag handler, we
incremented depth <em>after</em> the main body of start tag code, then
in the end handler, we need to manipulate it <em>before</em> the main
body. If we'd decided to increment it first thing in the start
handler, then we'd have had to decrement it last thing in the end
handler.</p>
<h3 id="userdata">Communicating between handlers</h3>
<p>In order to be able to pass information between different handlers
without using globals, you'll need to define a data structure to hold
the shared variables. You can then tell Expat (with the <code><a href=
"#XML_SetUserData" >XML_SetUserData</a></code> function) to pass a
pointer to this structure to the handlers. This is the first
argument received by most handlers. In the <a href="#reference"
>reference section</a>, an argument to a callback function is named
<code>userData</code> and have type <code>void *</code> if the user
data is passed; it will have the type <code>XML_Parser</code> if the
parser itself is passed. When the parser is passed, the user data may
be retrieved using <code><a href="#XML_GetUserData"
>XML_GetUserData</a></code>.</p>
<p>One common case where multiple calls to a single handler may need
to communicate using an application data structure is the case when
content passed to the character data handler (set by <code><a href=
"#XML_SetCharacterDataHandler"
>XML_SetCharacterDataHandler</a></code>) needs to be accumulated. A
common first-time mistake with any of the event-oriented interfaces to
an XML parser is to expect all the text contained in an element to be
reported by a single call to the character data handler. Expat, like
many other XML parsers, reports such data as a sequence of calls;
there's no way to know when the end of the sequence is reached until a
different callback is made. A buffer referenced by the user data
structure proves both an effective and convenient place to accumulate
character data.</p>
<!-- XXX example needed here -->
<h3>XML Version</h3>
<p>Expat is an XML 1.0 parser, and as such never complains based on
the value of the <code>version</code> pseudo-attribute in the XML
declaration, if present.</p>
<p>If an application needs to check the version number (to support
alternate processing), it should use the <code><a href=
"#XML_SetXmlDeclHandler" >XML_SetXmlDeclHandler</a></code> function to
set a handler that uses the information in the XML declaration to
determine what to do. This example shows how to check that only a
version number of <code>"1.0"</code> is accepted:</p>
<pre class="eg">
static int wrong_version;
static XML_Parser parser;
static void XMLCALL
xmldecl_handler(void *userData,
const XML_Char *version,
const XML_Char *encoding,
int standalone)
{
static const XML_Char Version_1_0[] = {'1', '.', '0', 0};
int i;
for (i = 0; i < (sizeof(Version_1_0) / sizeof(Version_1_0[0])); ++i) {
if (version[i] != Version_1_0[i]) {
wrong_version = 1;
/* also clear all other handlers: */
XML_SetCharacterDataHandler(parser, NULL);
...
return;
}
}
...
}
</pre>
<h3>Namespace Processing</h3>
<p>When the parser is created using the <code><a href=
"#XML_ParserCreateNS" >XML_ParserCreateNS</a></code>, function, Expat
performs namespace processing. Under namespace processing, Expat
consumes <code>xmlns</code> and <code>xmlns:...</code> attributes,
which declare namespaces for the scope of the element in which they
occur. This means that your start handler will not see these
attributes. Your application can still be informed of these
declarations by setting namespace declaration handlers with <a href=
"#XML_SetNamespaceDeclHandler"
><code>XML_SetNamespaceDeclHandler</code></a>.</p>
<p>Element type and attribute names that belong to a given namespace
are passed to the appropriate handler in expanded form. By default
this expanded form is a concatenation of the namespace URI, the
separator character (which is the 2nd argument to <code><a href=
"#XML_ParserCreateNS" >XML_ParserCreateNS</a></code>), and the local
name (i.e. the part after the colon). Names with undeclared prefixes
are not well-formed when namespace processing is enabled, and will
trigger an error. Unprefixed attribute names are never expanded,
and unprefixed element names are only expanded when they are in the
scope of a default namespace.</p>
<p>However if <code><a href= "#XML_SetReturnNSTriplet"
>XML_SetReturnNSTriplet</a></code> has been called with a non-zero
<code>do_nst</code> parameter, then the expanded form for names with
an explicit prefix is a concatenation of: URI, separator, local name,
separator, prefix.</p>
<p>You can set handlers for the start of a namespace declaration and
for the end of a scope of a declaration with the <code><a href=
"#XML_SetNamespaceDeclHandler" >XML_SetNamespaceDeclHandler</a></code>
function. The StartNamespaceDeclHandler is called prior to the start
tag handler and the EndNamespaceDeclHandler is called after the
corresponding end tag that ends the namespace's scope. The namespace
start handler gets passed the prefix and URI for the namespace. For a
default namespace declaration (xmlns='...'), the prefix will be
<code>NULL</code>.
The URI will be <code>NULL</code> for the case where the default namespace is being
unset. The namespace end handler just gets the prefix for the closing
scope.</p>
<p>These handlers are called for each declaration. So if, for
instance, a start tag had three namespace declarations, then the
StartNamespaceDeclHandler would be called three times before the start
tag handler is called, once for each declaration.</p>
<h3>Character Encodings</h3>
<p>While XML is based on Unicode, and every XML processor is required
to recognized UTF-8 and UTF-16 (1 and 2 byte encodings of Unicode),
other encodings may be declared in XML documents or entities. For the
main document, an XML declaration may contain an encoding
declaration:</p>
<pre>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-2"?>
</pre>
<p>External parsed entities may begin with a text declaration, which
looks like an XML declaration with just an encoding declaration:</p>
<pre>
<?xml encoding="Big5"?>
</pre>
<p>With Expat, you may also specify an encoding at the time of
creating a parser. This is useful when the encoding information may
come from a source outside the document itself (like a higher level
protocol.)</p>
<p><a name="builtin_encodings"></a>There are four built-in encodings
in Expat:</p>
<ul>
<li>UTF-8</li>
<li>UTF-16</li>
<li>ISO-8859-1</li>
<li>US-ASCII</li>
</ul>
<p>Anything else discovered in an encoding declaration or in the
protocol encoding specified in the parser constructor, triggers a call
to the <code>UnknownEncodingHandler</code>. This handler gets passed
the encoding name and a pointer to an <code>XML_Encoding</code> data
structure. Your handler must fill in this structure and return
<code>XML_STATUS_OK</code> if it knows how to deal with the
encoding. Otherwise the handler should return
<code>XML_STATUS_ERROR</code>. The handler also gets passed a pointer
to an optional application data structure that you may indicate when
you set the handler.</p>
<p>Expat places restrictions on character encodings that it can
support by filling in the <code>XML_Encoding</code> structure.
include file:</p>
<ol>
<li>Every ASCII character that can appear in a well-formed XML document
must be represented by a single byte, and that byte must correspond to
it's ASCII encoding (except for the characters $@\^'{}~)</li>
<li>Characters must be encoded in 4 bytes or less.</li>
<li>All characters encoded must have Unicode scalar values less than or
equal to 65535 (0xFFFF)<em>This does not apply to the built-in support
for UTF-16 and UTF-8</em></li>
<li>No character may be encoded by more that one distinct sequence of
bytes</li>
</ol>
<p><code>XML_Encoding</code> contains an array of integers that
correspond to the 1st byte of an encoding sequence. If the value in
the array for a byte is zero or positive, then the byte is a single
byte encoding that encodes the Unicode scalar value contained in the
array. A -1 in this array indicates a malformed byte. If the value is
-2, -3, or -4, then the byte is the beginning of a 2, 3, or 4 byte
sequence respectively. Multi-byte sequences are sent to the convert
function pointed at in the <code>XML_Encoding</code> structure. This
function should return the Unicode scalar value for the sequence or -1
if the sequence is malformed.</p>
<p>One pitfall that novice Expat users are likely to fall into is that
although Expat may accept input in various encodings, the strings that
it passes to the handlers are always encoded in UTF-8 or UTF-16
(depending on how Expat was compiled). Your application is responsible
for any translation of these strings into other encodings.</p>
<h3>Handling External Entity References</h3>
<p>Expat does not read or parse external entities directly. Note that
any external DTD is a special case of an external entity. If you've
set no <code>ExternalEntityRefHandler</code>, then external entity
references are silently ignored. Otherwise, it calls your handler with
the information needed to read and parse the external entity.</p>
<p>Your handler isn't actually responsible for parsing the entity, but
it is responsible for creating a subsidiary parser with <code><a href=
"#XML_ExternalEntityParserCreate"
>XML_ExternalEntityParserCreate</a></code> that will do the job. This
returns an instance of <code>XML_Parser</code> that has handlers and
other data structures initialized from the parent parser. You may then
use <code><a href= "#XML_Parse" >XML_Parse</a></code> or <code><a
href= "#XML_ParseBuffer">XML_ParseBuffer</a></code> calls against this
parser. Since external entities my refer to other external entities,
your handler should be prepared to be called recursively.</p>
<h3>Parsing DTDs</h3>
<p>In order to parse parameter entities, before starting the parse,
you must call <code><a href= "#XML_SetParamEntityParsing"
>XML_SetParamEntityParsing</a></code> with one of the following
arguments:</p>
<dl>
<dt><code>XML_PARAM_ENTITY_PARSING_NEVER</code></dt>
<dd>Don't parse parameter entities or the external subset</dd>
<dt><code>XML_PARAM_ENTITY_PARSING_UNLESS_STANDALONE</code></dt>
<dd>Parse parameter entities and the external subset unless
<code>standalone</code> was set to "yes" in the XML declaration.</dd>
<dt><code>XML_PARAM_ENTITY_PARSING_ALWAYS</code></dt>
<dd>Always parse parameter entities and the external subset</dd>
</dl>
<p>In order to read an external DTD, you also have to set an external
entity reference handler as described above.</p>
<h3 id="stop-resume">Temporarily Stopping Parsing</h3>
<p>Expat 1.95.8 introduces a new feature: its now possible to stop
parsing temporarily from within a handler function, even if more data
has already been passed into the parser. Applications for this
include</p>
<ul>
<li>Supporting the <a href= "https://www.w3.org/TR/xinclude/"
>XInclude</a> specification.</li>
<li>Delaying further processing until additional information is
available from some other source.</li>
<li>Adjusting processor load as task priorities shift within an
application.</li>
<li>Stopping parsing completely (simply free or reset the parser
instead of resuming in the outer parsing loop). This can be useful
if an application-domain error is found in the XML being parsed or if
the result of the parse is determined not to be useful after
all.</li>
</ul>
<p>To take advantage of this feature, the main parsing loop of an
application needs to support this specifically. It cannot be
supported with a parsing loop compatible with Expat 1.95.7 or
earlier (though existing loops will continue to work without
supporting the stop/resume feature).</p>
<p>An application that uses this feature for a single parser will have
the rough structure (in pseudo-code):</p>
<pre class="pseudocode">
fd = open_input()
p = create_parser()
if parse_xml(p, fd) {
/* suspended */
int suspended = 1;
while (suspended) {
do_something_else()
if ready_to_resume() {
suspended = continue_parsing(p, fd);
}
}
}
</pre>
<p>An application that may resume any of several parsers based on
input (either from the XML being parsed or some other source) will
certainly have more interesting control structures.</p>
<p>This C function could be used for the <code>parse_xml</code>
function mentioned in the pseudo-code above:</p>
<pre class="eg">
#define BUFF_SIZE 10240
/* Parse a document from the open file descriptor 'fd' until the parse
is complete (the document has been completely parsed, or there's
been an error), or the parse is stopped. Return non-zero when
the parse is merely suspended.
*/
int
parse_xml(XML_Parser p, int fd)
{
for (;;) {
int last_chunk;
int bytes_read;
enum XML_Status status;
void *buff = XML_GetBuffer(p, BUFF_SIZE);
if (buff == NULL) {
/* handle error... */
return 0;
}
bytes_read = read(fd, buff, BUFF_SIZE);
if (bytes_read < 0) {
/* handle error... */
return 0;
}
status = XML_ParseBuffer(p, bytes_read, bytes_read == 0);
switch (status) {
case XML_STATUS_ERROR:
/* handle error... */
return 0;
case XML_STATUS_SUSPENDED:
return 1;
}
if (bytes_read == 0)
return 0;
}
}
</pre>
<p>The corresponding <code>continue_parsing</code> function is
somewhat simpler, since it only need deal with the return code from
<code><a href= "#XML_ResumeParser">XML_ResumeParser</a></code>; it can
delegate the input handling to the <code>parse_xml</code>
function:</p>
<pre class="eg">
/* Continue parsing a document which had been suspended. The 'p' and
'fd' arguments are the same as passed to parse_xml(). Return
non-zero when the parse is suspended.
*/
int
continue_parsing(XML_Parser p, int fd)
{
enum XML_Status status = XML_ResumeParser(p);
switch (status) {
case XML_STATUS_ERROR:
/* handle error... */
return 0;
case XML_ERROR_NOT_SUSPENDED:
/* handle error... */
return 0;.
case XML_STATUS_SUSPENDED:
return 1;
}
return parse_xml(p, fd);
}
</pre>
<p>Now that we've seen what a mess the top-level parsing loop can
become, what have we gained? Very simply, we can now use the <code><a
href= "#XML_StopParser" >XML_StopParser</a></code> function to stop
parsing, without having to go to great lengths to avoid additional
processing that we're expecting to ignore. As a bonus, we get to stop
parsing <em>temporarily</em>, and come back to it when we're
ready.</p>
<p>To stop parsing from a handler function, use the <code><a href=
"#XML_StopParser" >XML_StopParser</a></code> function. This function
takes two arguments; the parser being stopped and a flag indicating
whether the parse can be resumed in the future.</p>
<!-- XXX really need more here -->
<hr />
<!-- ================================================================ -->
<h2><a name="reference">Expat Reference</a></h2>
<h3><a name="creation">Parser Creation</a></h3>
<h4 id="XML_ParserCreate">XML_ParserCreate</h4>
<pre class="fcndec">
XML_Parser XMLCALL
XML_ParserCreate(const XML_Char *encoding);
</pre>
<div class="fcndef">
<p>
Construct a new parser. If encoding is non-<code>NULL</code>, it specifies a
character encoding to use for the document. This overrides the document
encoding declaration. There are four built-in encodings:
</p>
<ul>
<li>US-ASCII</li>
<li>UTF-8</li>
<li>UTF-16</li>
<li>ISO-8859-1</li>
</ul>
<p>
Any other value will invoke a call to the UnknownEncodingHandler.
</p>
</div>
<h4 id="XML_ParserCreateNS">XML_ParserCreateNS</h4>
<pre class="fcndec">
XML_Parser XMLCALL
XML_ParserCreateNS(const XML_Char *encoding,
XML_Char sep);
</pre>
<div class="fcndef">
Constructs a new parser that has namespace processing in effect. Namespace
expanded element names and attribute names are returned as a concatenation
of the namespace URI, <em>sep</em>, and the local part of the name. This
means that you should pick a character for <em>sep</em> that can't be part
of an URI. Since Expat does not check namespace URIs for conformance, the
only safe choice for a namespace separator is a character that is illegal
in XML. For instance, <code>'\xFF'</code> is not legal in UTF-8, and
<code>'\xFFFF'</code> is not legal in UTF-16. There is a special case when
<em>sep</em> is the null character <code>'\0'</code>: the namespace URI and
the local part will be concatenated without any separator - this is intended
to support RDF processors. It is a programming error to use the null separator
with <a href= "#XML_SetReturnNSTriplet">namespace triplets</a>.</div>
<p><strong>Note:</strong>
Expat does not validate namespace URIs (beyond encoding)
against RFC 3986 today (and is not required to do so with regard to
the XML 1.0 namespaces specification) but it may start doing that
in future releases. Before that, an application using Expat must
be ready to receive namespace URIs containing non-URI characters.
</p>
<h4 id="XML_ParserCreate_MM">XML_ParserCreate_MM</h4>
<pre class="fcndec">
XML_Parser XMLCALL
XML_ParserCreate_MM(const XML_Char *encoding,
const XML_Memory_Handling_Suite *ms,
const XML_Char *sep);
</pre>
<pre class="signature">
typedef struct {
void *(XMLCALL *malloc_fcn)(size_t size);
void *(XMLCALL *realloc_fcn)(void *ptr, size_t size);
void (XMLCALL *free_fcn)(void *ptr);
} XML_Memory_Handling_Suite;
</pre>
<div class="fcndef">
<p>Construct a new parser using the suite of memory handling functions
specified in <code>ms</code>. If <code>ms</code> is <code>NULL</code>, then use the
standard set of memory management functions. If <code>sep</code> is
non-<code>NULL</code>, then namespace processing is enabled in the created parser
and the character pointed at by sep is used as the separator between
the namespace URI and the local part of the name.</p>
</div>
<h4 id="XML_ExternalEntityParserCreate">XML_ExternalEntityParserCreate</h4>
<pre class="fcndec">
XML_Parser XMLCALL
XML_ExternalEntityParserCreate(XML_Parser p,
const XML_Char *context,
const XML_Char *encoding);
</pre>
<div class="fcndef">
Construct a new <code>XML_Parser</code> object for parsing an external
general entity. Context is the context argument passed in a call to a
ExternalEntityRefHandler. Other state information such as handlers,
user data, namespace processing is inherited from the parser passed as
the 1st argument. So you shouldn't need to call any of the behavior
changing functions on this parser (unless you want it to act
differently than the parent parser).
</div>
<h4 id="XML_ParserFree">XML_ParserFree</h4>
<pre class="fcndec">
void XMLCALL
XML_ParserFree(XML_Parser p);
</pre>
<div class="fcndef">
Free memory used by the parser. Your application is responsible for
freeing any memory associated with <a href="#userdata">user data</a>.
</div>
<h4 id="XML_ParserReset">XML_ParserReset</h4>
<pre class="fcndec">
XML_Bool XMLCALL
XML_ParserReset(XML_Parser p,
const XML_Char *encoding);
</pre>
<div class="fcndef">
Clean up the memory structures maintained by the parser so that it may
be used again. After this has been called, <code>parser</code> is
ready to start parsing a new document. All handlers are cleared from
the parser, except for the unknownEncodingHandler. The parser's external
state is re-initialized except for the values of ns and ns_triplets.
This function may not be used on a parser created using <code><a href=
"#XML_ExternalEntityParserCreate" >XML_ExternalEntityParserCreate</a
></code>; it will return <code>XML_FALSE</code> in that case. Returns
<code>XML_TRUE</code> on success. Your application is responsible for
dealing with any memory associated with <a href="#userdata">user data</a>.
</div>
<h3><a name="parsing">Parsing</a></h3>
<p>To state the obvious: the three parsing functions <code><a href=
"#XML_Parse" >XML_Parse</a></code>, <code><a href= "#XML_ParseBuffer">
XML_ParseBuffer</a></code> and <code><a href= "#XML_GetBuffer">
XML_GetBuffer</a></code> must not be called from within a handler
unless they operate on a separate parser instance, that is, one that
did not call the handler. For example, it is OK to call the parsing
functions from within an <code>XML_ExternalEntityRefHandler</code>,
if they apply to the parser created by
<code><a href= "#XML_ExternalEntityParserCreate"
>XML_ExternalEntityParserCreate</a></code>.</p>
<p>Note: The <code>len</code> argument passed to these functions
should be considerably less than the maximum value for an integer,
as it could create an integer overflow situation if the added
lengths of a buffer and the unprocessed portion of the previous buffer
exceed the maximum integer value. Input data at the end of a buffer
will remain unprocessed if it is part of an XML token for which the
end is not part of that buffer.</p>
<p><a name="isFinal"></a>The application <em>must</em> make a concluding
<code><a href="#XML_Parse">XML_Parse</a></code> or
<code><a href="#XML_ParseBuffer">XML_ParseBuffer</a></code> call
with <code>isFinal</code> set to <code>XML_TRUE</code>.</p>
<h4 id="XML_Parse">XML_Parse</h4>
<pre class="fcndec">
enum XML_Status XMLCALL
XML_Parse(XML_Parser p,
const char *s,
int len,
int isFinal);
</pre>
<pre class="signature">
enum XML_Status {
XML_STATUS_ERROR = 0,
XML_STATUS_OK = 1
};
</pre>
<div class="fcndef">
<p>
Parse some more of the document. The string <code>s</code> is a buffer
containing part (or perhaps all) of the document. The number of bytes of s
that are part of the document is indicated by <code>len</code>. This means
that <code>s</code> doesn't have to be null-terminated. It also means that
if <code>len</code> is larger than the number of bytes in the block of
memory that <code>s</code> points at, then a memory fault is likely.
Negative values for <code>len</code> are rejected since Expat 2.2.1.
The
<code>isFinal</code> parameter informs the parser that this is the last
piece of the document. Frequently, the last piece is empty (i.e.
<code>len</code> is zero.)
</p>
<p>
If a parse error occurred, it returns <code>XML_STATUS_ERROR</code>.
Otherwise it returns <code>XML_STATUS_OK</code> value.
Note that regardless of the return value, there is no guarantee that all
provided input has been parsed; only after <a href="#isFinal">the
concluding call</a> will all handler callbacks and parsing errors have
happened.
</p>
<p>
Simplified, <code>XML_Parse</code> can be considered a convenience wrapper
that is pairing calls
to <code><a href="#XML_GetBuffer">XML_GetBuffer</a></code>
and <code><a href="#XML_ParseBuffer">XML_ParseBuffer</a></code>
(when Expat is built with macro <code>XML_CONTEXT_BYTES</code>
defined to a positive value, which is both common and default).
<code>XML_Parse</code> is then functionally equivalent to calling
<code><a href="#XML_GetBuffer">XML_GetBuffer</a></code>,
<code>memcpy</code>, and
<code><a href="#XML_ParseBuffer">XML_ParseBuffer</a></code>.
</p>
<p>
To avoid double copying of the input, direct use of functions
<code><a href="#XML_GetBuffer">XML_GetBuffer</a></code> and
<code><a href="#XML_ParseBuffer">XML_ParseBuffer</a></code> is advised
for most production use, e.g.
if you're using <code>read</code> or similar functionality to fill your
buffers, fill directly into the buffer from
<code><a href="#XML_GetBuffer">XML_GetBuffer</a></code>,
then parse with <code><a href="#XML_ParseBuffer">XML_ParseBuffer</a></code>.
</p>
</div>
<h4 id="XML_ParseBuffer">XML_ParseBuffer</h4>
<pre class="fcndec">
enum XML_Status XMLCALL
XML_ParseBuffer(XML_Parser p,
int len,
int isFinal);
</pre>
<div class="fcndef">
<p>
This is just like <code><a href= "#XML_Parse" >XML_Parse</a></code>,
except in this case Expat provides the buffer. By obtaining the
buffer from Expat with the <code><a href= "#XML_GetBuffer"
>XML_GetBuffer</a></code> function, the application can avoid double
copying of the input.
</p>
<p>
Negative values for <code>len</code> are rejected since Expat 2.6.3.
</p>
</div>
<h4 id="XML_GetBuffer">XML_GetBuffer</h4>
<pre class="fcndec">
void * XMLCALL
XML_GetBuffer(XML_Parser p,
int len);
</pre>
<div class="fcndef">
Obtain a buffer of size <code>len</code> to read a piece of the document
into. A <code>NULL</code> value is returned if Expat can't allocate enough memory for
this buffer. A <code>NULL</code> value may also be returned if <code>len</code> is zero.
This has to be called prior to every call to
<code><a href= "#XML_ParseBuffer" >XML_ParseBuffer</a></code>. A
typical use would look like this:
<pre class="eg">
for (;;) {
int bytes_read;
void *buff = XML_GetBuffer(p, BUFF_SIZE);
if (buff == NULL) {
/* handle error */
}
bytes_read = read(docfd, buff, BUFF_SIZE);
if (bytes_read < 0) {
/* handle error */
}
if (! XML_ParseBuffer(p, bytes_read, bytes_read == 0)) {
/* handle parse error */
}
if (bytes_read == 0)
break;
}
</pre>
</div>
<h4 id="XML_StopParser">XML_StopParser</h4>
<pre class="fcndec">
enum XML_Status XMLCALL
XML_StopParser(XML_Parser p,
XML_Bool resumable);
</pre>
<div class="fcndef">
<p>Stops parsing, causing <code><a href= "#XML_Parse"
>XML_Parse</a></code> or <code><a href= "#XML_ParseBuffer"
>XML_ParseBuffer</a></code> to return. Must be called from within a
call-back handler, except when aborting (when <code>resumable</code>
is <code>XML_FALSE</code>) an already suspended parser. Some
call-backs may still follow because they would otherwise get
lost, including</p>
<ul>
<li> the end element handler for empty elements when stopped in the
start element handler,</li>
<li> the end namespace declaration handler when stopped in the end
element handler,</li>
<li> the character data handler when stopped in the character data handler
while making multiple call-backs on a contiguous chunk of characters,</li>
</ul>
<p>and possibly others.</p>
<p>This can be called from most handlers, including DTD related
call-backs, except when parsing an external parameter entity and
<code>resumable</code> is <code>XML_TRUE</code>. Returns
<code>XML_STATUS_OK</code> when successful,
<code>XML_STATUS_ERROR</code> otherwise. The possible error codes
are:</p>
<dl>
<dt><code>XML_ERROR_SUSPENDED</code></dt>
<dd>when suspending an already suspended parser.</dd>
<dt><code>XML_ERROR_FINISHED</code></dt>
<dd>when the parser has already finished.</dd>
<dt><code>XML_ERROR_SUSPEND_PE</code></dt>
<dd>when suspending while parsing an external PE.</dd>
</dl>
<p>Since the stop/resume feature requires application support in the
outer parsing loop, it is an error to call this function for a parser
not being handled appropriately; see <a href= "#stop-resume"
>Temporarily Stopping Parsing</a> for more information.</p>
<p>When <code>resumable</code> is <code>XML_TRUE</code> then parsing
is <em>suspended</em>, that is, <code><a href= "#XML_Parse"
>XML_Parse</a></code> and <code><a href= "#XML_ParseBuffer"
>XML_ParseBuffer</a></code> return <code>XML_STATUS_SUSPENDED</code>.
Otherwise, parsing is <em>aborted</em>, that is, <code><a href=
"#XML_Parse" >XML_Parse</a></code> and <code><a href=
"#XML_ParseBuffer" >XML_ParseBuffer</a></code> return
<code>XML_STATUS_ERROR</code> with error code
<code>XML_ERROR_ABORTED</code>.</p>
<p><strong>Note:</strong>
This will be applied to the current parser instance only, that is, if
there is a parent parser then it will continue parsing when the
external entity reference handler returns. It is up to the
implementation of that handler to call <code><a href=
"#XML_StopParser" >XML_StopParser</a></code> on the parent parser
(recursively), if one wants to stop parsing altogether.</p>
<p>When suspended, parsing can be resumed by calling <code><a href=
"#XML_ResumeParser" >XML_ResumeParser</a></code>.</p>
<p>New in Expat 1.95.8.</p>
</div>
<h4 id="XML_ResumeParser">XML_ResumeParser</h4>
<pre class="fcndec">
enum XML_Status XMLCALL
XML_ResumeParser(XML_Parser p);
</pre>
<div class="fcndef">
<p>Resumes parsing after it has been suspended with <code><a href=
"#XML_StopParser" >XML_StopParser</a></code>. Must not be called from
within a handler call-back. Returns same status codes as <code><a
href= "#XML_Parse">XML_Parse</a></code> or <code><a href=
"#XML_ParseBuffer" >XML_ParseBuffer</a></code>. An additional error
code, <code>XML_ERROR_NOT_SUSPENDED</code>, will be returned if the
parser was not currently suspended.</p>
<p><strong>Note:</strong>
This must be called on the most deeply nested child parser instance
first, and on its parent parser only after the child parser has
finished, to be applied recursively until the document entity's parser
is restarted. That is, the parent parser will not resume by itself
and it is up to the application to call <code><a href=
"#XML_ResumeParser" >XML_ResumeParser</a></code> on it at the
appropriate moment.</p>
<p>New in Expat 1.95.8.</p>
</div>
<h4 id="XML_GetParsingStatus">XML_GetParsingStatus</h4>
<pre class="fcndec">
void XMLCALL
XML_GetParsingStatus(XML_Parser p,
XML_ParsingStatus *status);
</pre>
<pre class="signature">
enum XML_Parsing {
XML_INITIALIZED,
XML_PARSING,
XML_FINISHED,
XML_SUSPENDED
};
typedef struct {
enum XML_Parsing parsing;
XML_Bool finalBuffer;
} XML_ParsingStatus;
</pre>
<div class="fcndef">
<p>Returns status of parser with respect to being initialized,
parsing, finished, or suspended, and whether the final buffer is being
processed. The <code>status</code> parameter <em>must not</em> be
<code>NULL</code>.</p>
<p>New in Expat 1.95.8.</p>
</div>
<h3><a name="setting">Handler Setting</a></h3>
<p>Although handlers are typically set prior to parsing and left alone, an
application may choose to set or change the handler for a parsing event
while the parse is in progress. For instance, your application may choose
to ignore all text not descended from a <code>para</code> element. One
way it could do this is to set the character handler when a para start tag
is seen, and unset it for the corresponding end tag.</p>
<p>A handler may be <em>unset</em> by providing a <code>NULL</code> pointer to the
appropriate handler setter. None of the handler setting functions have
a return value.</p>
<p>Your handlers will be receiving strings in arrays of type
<code>XML_Char</code>. This type is conditionally defined in expat.h as
either <code>char</code>, <code>wchar_t</code> or <code>unsigned short</code>.
The former implies UTF-8 encoding, the latter two imply UTF-16 encoding.
Note that you'll receive them in this form independent of the original
encoding of the document.</p>
<div class="handler">
<h4 id="XML_SetStartElementHandler">XML_SetStartElementHandler</h4>
<pre class="setter">
void XMLCALL
XML_SetStartElementHandler(XML_Parser p,
XML_StartElementHandler start);
</pre>
<pre class="signature">
typedef void
(XMLCALL *XML_StartElementHandler)(void *userData,
const XML_Char *name,
const XML_Char **atts);
</pre>
<p>Set handler for start (and empty) tags. Attributes are passed to the start
handler as a pointer to a vector of char pointers. Each attribute seen in
a start (or empty) tag occupies 2 consecutive places in this vector: the
attribute name followed by the attribute value. These pairs are terminated
by a <code>NULL</code> pointer.</p>
<p>Note that an empty tag generates a call to both start and end handlers
(in that order).</p>
</div>
<div class="handler">
<h4 id="XML_SetEndElementHandler">XML_SetEndElementHandler</h4>
<pre class="setter">
void XMLCALL
XML_SetEndElementHandler(XML_Parser p,
XML_EndElementHandler);
</pre>
<pre class="signature">
typedef void
(XMLCALL *XML_EndElementHandler)(void *userData,
const XML_Char *name);
</pre>
<p>Set handler for end (and empty) tags. As noted above, an empty tag
generates a call to both start and end handlers.</p>
</div>
<div class="handler">
<h4 id="XML_SetElementHandler">XML_SetElementHandler</h4>
<pre class="setter">
void XMLCALL
XML_SetElementHandler(XML_Parser p,
XML_StartElementHandler start,
XML_EndElementHandler end);
</pre>
<p>Set handlers for start and end tags with one call.</p>
</div>
<div class="handler">
<h4 id="XML_SetCharacterDataHandler">XML_SetCharacterDataHandler</h4>
<pre class="setter">
void XMLCALL
XML_SetCharacterDataHandler(XML_Parser p,
XML_CharacterDataHandler charhndl)
</pre>
<pre class="signature">
typedef void
(XMLCALL *XML_CharacterDataHandler)(void *userData,
const XML_Char *s,
int len);
</pre>
<p>Set a text handler. The string your handler receives
is <em>NOT null-terminated</em>. You have to use the length argument
to deal with the end of the string. A single block of contiguous text
free of markup may still result in a sequence of calls to this handler.
In other words, if you're searching for a pattern in the text, it may
be split across calls to this handler. Note: Setting this handler to <code>NULL</code>
may <em>NOT immediately</em> terminate call-backs if the parser is currently
processing such a single block of contiguous markup-free text, as the parser
will continue calling back until the end of the block is reached.</p>
</div>
<div class="handler">
<h4 id="XML_SetProcessingInstructionHandler">XML_SetProcessingInstructionHandler</h4>
<pre class="setter">
void XMLCALL
XML_SetProcessingInstructionHandler(XML_Parser p,
XML_ProcessingInstructionHandler proc)
</pre>
<pre class="signature">
typedef void
(XMLCALL *XML_ProcessingInstructionHandler)(void *userData,
const XML_Char *target,
const XML_Char *data);
</pre>
<p>Set a handler for processing instructions. The target is the first word
in the processing instruction. The data is the rest of the characters in
it after skipping all whitespace after the initial word.</p>
</div>
<div class="handler">
<h4 id="XML_SetCommentHandler">XML_SetCommentHandler</h4>
<pre class="setter">
void XMLCALL
XML_SetCommentHandler(XML_Parser p,
XML_CommentHandler cmnt)
</pre>
<pre class="signature">
typedef void
(XMLCALL *XML_CommentHandler)(void *userData,
const XML_Char *data);
</pre>
<p>Set a handler for comments. The data is all text inside the comment
delimiters.</p>
</div>
<div class="handler">
<h4 id="XML_SetStartCdataSectionHandler">XML_SetStartCdataSectionHandler</h4>
<pre class="setter">
void XMLCALL
XML_SetStartCdataSectionHandler(XML_Parser p,
XML_StartCdataSectionHandler start);
</pre>
<pre class="signature">
typedef void
(XMLCALL *XML_StartCdataSectionHandler)(void *userData);
</pre>
<p>Set a handler that gets called at the beginning of a CDATA section.</p>
</div>
<div class="handler">
<h4 id="XML_SetEndCdataSectionHandler">XML_SetEndCdataSectionHandler</h4>
<pre class="setter">
void XMLCALL
XML_SetEndCdataSectionHandler(XML_Parser p,
XML_EndCdataSectionHandler end);
</pre>
<pre class="signature">
typedef void
(XMLCALL *XML_EndCdataSectionHandler)(void *userData);
</pre>
<p>Set a handler that gets called at the end of a CDATA section.</p>
</div>
<div class="handler">
<h4 id="XML_SetCdataSectionHandler">XML_SetCdataSectionHandler</h4>
<pre class="setter">
void XMLCALL
XML_SetCdataSectionHandler(XML_Parser p,
XML_StartCdataSectionHandler start,
XML_EndCdataSectionHandler end)
</pre>
<p>Sets both CDATA section handlers with one call.</p>
</div>
<div class="handler">
<h4 id="XML_SetDefaultHandler">XML_SetDefaultHandler</h4>
<pre class="setter">
void XMLCALL
XML_SetDefaultHandler(XML_Parser p,
XML_DefaultHandler hndl)
</pre>
<pre class="signature">
typedef void
(XMLCALL *XML_DefaultHandler)(void *userData,
const XML_Char *s,
int len);
</pre>
<p>Sets a handler for any characters in the document which wouldn't
otherwise be handled. This includes both data for which no handlers
can be set (like some kinds of DTD declarations) and data which could
be reported but which currently has no handler set. The characters
are passed exactly as they were present in the XML document except
that they will be encoded in UTF-8 or UTF-16. Line boundaries are not
normalized. Note that a byte order mark character is not passed to the
default handler. There are no guarantees about how characters are
divided between calls to the default handler: for example, a comment
might be split between multiple calls. Setting the handler with
this call has the side effect of turning off expansion of references
to internally defined general entities. Instead these references are
passed to the default handler.</p>
<p>See also <code><a
href="#XML_DefaultCurrent">XML_DefaultCurrent</a></code>.</p>
</div>
<div class="handler">
<h4 id="XML_SetDefaultHandlerExpand">XML_SetDefaultHandlerExpand</h4>
<pre class="setter">
void XMLCALL
XML_SetDefaultHandlerExpand(XML_Parser p,
XML_DefaultHandler hndl)
</pre>
<pre class="signature">
typedef void
(XMLCALL *XML_DefaultHandler)(void *userData,
const XML_Char *s,
int len);
</pre>
<p>This sets a default handler, but doesn't inhibit the expansion of
internal entity references. The entity reference will not be passed
to the default handler.</p>
<p>See also <code><a
href="#XML_DefaultCurrent">XML_DefaultCurrent</a></code>.</p>
</div>
<div class="handler">
<h4 id="XML_SetExternalEntityRefHandler">XML_SetExternalEntityRefHandler</h4>
<pre class="setter">
void XMLCALL
XML_SetExternalEntityRefHandler(XML_Parser p,
XML_ExternalEntityRefHandler hndl)
</pre>
<pre class="signature">
typedef int
(XMLCALL *XML_ExternalEntityRefHandler)(XML_Parser p,
const XML_Char *context,
const XML_Char *base,
const XML_Char *systemId,
const XML_Char *publicId);
</pre>
<p>Set an external entity reference handler. This handler is also
called for processing an external DTD subset if parameter entity parsing
is in effect. (See <a href="#XML_SetParamEntityParsing">
<code>XML_SetParamEntityParsing</code></a>.)</p>
<p>The <code>context</code> parameter specifies the parsing context in
the format expected by the <code>context</code> argument to <code><a
href="#XML_ExternalEntityParserCreate"
>XML_ExternalEntityParserCreate</a></code>. <code>code</code> is
valid only until the handler returns, so if the referenced entity is
to be parsed later, it must be copied. <code>context</code> is <code>NULL</code>
only when the entity is a parameter entity, which is how one can
differentiate between general and parameter entities.</p>
<p>The <code>base</code> parameter is the base to use for relative
system identifiers. It is set by <code><a
href="#XML_SetBase">XML_SetBase</a></code> and may be <code>NULL</code>. The
<code>publicId</code> parameter is the public id given in the entity
declaration and may be <code>NULL</code>. <code>systemId</code> is the system
identifier specified in the entity declaration and is never <code>NULL</code>.</p>
<p>There are a couple of ways in which this handler differs from
others. First, this handler returns a status indicator (an
integer). <code>XML_STATUS_OK</code> should be returned for successful
handling of the external entity reference. Returning
<code>XML_STATUS_ERROR</code> indicates failure, and causes the
calling parser to return an
<code>XML_ERROR_EXTERNAL_ENTITY_HANDLING</code> error.</p>
<p>Second, instead of having the user data as its first argument, it
receives the parser that encountered the entity reference. This, along
with the context parameter, may be used as arguments to a call to
<code><a href= "#XML_ExternalEntityParserCreate"
>XML_ExternalEntityParserCreate</a></code>. Using the returned
parser, the body of the external entity can be recursively parsed.</p>
<p>Since this handler may be called recursively, it should not be saving
information into global or static variables.</p>
</div>
<h4 id="XML_SetExternalEntityRefHandlerArg">XML_SetExternalEntityRefHandlerArg</h4>
<pre class="fcndec">
void XMLCALL
XML_SetExternalEntityRefHandlerArg(XML_Parser p,
void *arg)
</pre>
<div class="fcndef">
<p>Set the argument passed to the ExternalEntityRefHandler. If
<code>arg</code> is not <code>NULL</code>, it is the new value passed to the
handler set using <code><a href="#XML_SetExternalEntityRefHandler"
>XML_SetExternalEntityRefHandler</a></code>; if <code>arg</code> is
<code>NULL</code>, the argument passed to the handler function will be the parser
object itself.</p>
<p><strong>Note:</strong>
The type of <code>arg</code> and the type of the first argument to the
ExternalEntityRefHandler do not match. This function takes a
<code>void *</code> to be passed to the handler, while the handler
accepts an <code>XML_Parser</code>. This is a historical accident,
but will not be corrected before Expat 2.0 (at the earliest) to avoid
causing compiler warnings for code that's known to work with this
API. It is the responsibility of the application code to know the
actual type of the argument passed to the handler and to manage it
properly.</p>
</div>
<div class="handler">
<h4 id="XML_SetSkippedEntityHandler">XML_SetSkippedEntityHandler</h4>
<pre class="setter">
void XMLCALL
XML_SetSkippedEntityHandler(XML_Parser p,
XML_SkippedEntityHandler handler)
</pre>
<pre class="signature">
typedef void
(XMLCALL *XML_SkippedEntityHandler)(void *userData,
const XML_Char *entityName,
int is_parameter_entity);
</pre>
<p>Set a skipped entity handler. This is called in two situations:</p>
<ol>
<li>An entity reference is encountered for which no declaration
has been read <em>and</em> this is not an error.</li>
<li>An internal entity reference is read, but not expanded, because
<a href="#XML_SetDefaultHandler"><code>XML_SetDefaultHandler</code></a>
has been called.</li>
</ol>
<p>The <code>is_parameter_entity</code> argument will be non-zero for
a parameter entity and zero for a general entity.</p> <p>Note: Skipped
parameter entities in declarations and skipped general entities in
attribute values cannot be reported, because the event would be out of
sync with the reporting of the declarations or attribute values</p>
</div>
<div class="handler">
<h4 id="XML_SetUnknownEncodingHandler">XML_SetUnknownEncodingHandler</h4>
<pre class="setter">
void XMLCALL
XML_SetUnknownEncodingHandler(XML_Parser p,
XML_UnknownEncodingHandler enchandler,
void *encodingHandlerData)
</pre>
<pre class="signature">
typedef int
(XMLCALL *XML_UnknownEncodingHandler)(void *encodingHandlerData,
const XML_Char *name,
XML_Encoding *info);
typedef struct {
int map[256];
void *data;
int (XMLCALL *convert)(void *data, const char *s);
void (XMLCALL *release)(void *data);
} XML_Encoding;
</pre>
<p>Set a handler to deal with encodings other than the <a
href="#builtin_encodings">built in set</a>. This should be done before
<code><a href= "#XML_Parse" >XML_Parse</a></code> or <code><a href=
"#XML_ParseBuffer" >XML_ParseBuffer</a></code> have been called on the
given parser.</p> <p>If the handler knows how to deal with an encoding
with the given name, it should fill in the <code>info</code> data
structure and return <code>XML_STATUS_OK</code>. Otherwise it
should return <code>XML_STATUS_ERROR</code>. The handler will be called
at most once per parsed (external) entity. The optional application
data pointer <code>encodingHandlerData</code> will be passed back to
the handler.</p>
<p>The map array contains information for every possible leading
byte in a byte sequence. If the corresponding value is >= 0, then it's
a single byte sequence and the byte encodes that Unicode value. If the
value is -1, then that byte is invalid as the initial byte in a sequence.
If the value is -n, where n is an integer > 1, then n is the number of
bytes in the sequence and the actual conversion is accomplished by a
call to the function pointed at by convert. This function may return -1
if the sequence itself is invalid. The convert pointer may be <code>NULL</code> if
there are only single byte codes. The data parameter passed to the convert
function is the data pointer from <code>XML_Encoding</code>. The
string s is <em>NOT</em> null-terminated and points at the sequence of
bytes to be converted.</p>
<p>The function pointed at by <code>release</code> is called by the
parser when it is finished with the encoding. It may be <code>NULL</code>.</p>
</div>
<div class="handler">
<h4 id="XML_SetStartNamespaceDeclHandler">XML_SetStartNamespaceDeclHandler</h4>
<pre class="setter">
void XMLCALL
XML_SetStartNamespaceDeclHandler(XML_Parser p,
XML_StartNamespaceDeclHandler start);
</pre>
<pre class="signature">
typedef void
(XMLCALL *XML_StartNamespaceDeclHandler)(void *userData,
const XML_Char *prefix,
const XML_Char *uri);
</pre>
<p>Set a handler to be called when a namespace is declared. Namespace
declarations occur inside start tags. But the namespace declaration start
handler is called before the start tag handler for each namespace declared
in that start tag.</p>
</div>
<div class="handler">
<h4 id="XML_SetEndNamespaceDeclHandler">XML_SetEndNamespaceDeclHandler</h4>
<pre class="setter">
void XMLCALL
XML_SetEndNamespaceDeclHandler(XML_Parser p,
XML_EndNamespaceDeclHandler end);
</pre>
<pre class="signature">
typedef void
(XMLCALL *XML_EndNamespaceDeclHandler)(void *userData,
const XML_Char *prefix);
</pre>
<p>Set a handler to be called when leaving the scope of a namespace
declaration. This will be called, for each namespace declaration,
after the handler for the end tag of the element in which the
namespace was declared.</p>
</div>
<div class="handler">
<h4 id="XML_SetNamespaceDeclHandler">XML_SetNamespaceDeclHandler</h4>
<pre class="setter">
void XMLCALL
XML_SetNamespaceDeclHandler(XML_Parser p,
XML_StartNamespaceDeclHandler start,
XML_EndNamespaceDeclHandler end)
</pre>
<p>Sets both namespace declaration handlers with a single call.</p>
</div>
<div class="handler">
<h4 id="XML_SetXmlDeclHandler">XML_SetXmlDeclHandler</h4>
<pre class="setter">
void XMLCALL
XML_SetXmlDeclHandler(XML_Parser p,
XML_XmlDeclHandler xmldecl);
</pre>
<pre class="signature">
typedef void
(XMLCALL *XML_XmlDeclHandler)(void *userData,
const XML_Char *version,
const XML_Char *encoding,
int standalone);
</pre>
<p>Sets a handler that is called for XML declarations and also for
text declarations discovered in external entities. The way to
distinguish is that the <code>version</code> parameter will be <code>NULL</code>
for text declarations. The <code>encoding</code> parameter may be <code>NULL</code>
for an XML declaration. The <code>standalone</code> argument will
contain -1, 0, or 1 indicating respectively that there was no
standalone parameter in the declaration, that it was given as no, or
that it was given as yes.</p>
</div>
<div class="handler">
<h4 id="XML_SetStartDoctypeDeclHandler">XML_SetStartDoctypeDeclHandler</h4>
<pre class="setter">
void XMLCALL
XML_SetStartDoctypeDeclHandler(XML_Parser p,
XML_StartDoctypeDeclHandler start);
</pre>
<pre class="signature">
typedef void
(XMLCALL *XML_StartDoctypeDeclHandler)(void *userData,
const XML_Char *doctypeName,
const XML_Char *sysid,
const XML_Char *pubid,
int has_internal_subset);
</pre>
<p>Set a handler that is called at the start of a DOCTYPE declaration,
before any external or internal subset is parsed. Both <code>sysid</code>
and <code>pubid</code> may be <code>NULL</code>. The <code>has_internal_subset</code>
will be non-zero if the DOCTYPE declaration has an internal subset.</p>
</div>
<div class="handler">
<h4 id="XML_SetEndDoctypeDeclHandler">XML_SetEndDoctypeDeclHandler</h4>
<pre class="setter">
void XMLCALL
XML_SetEndDoctypeDeclHandler(XML_Parser p,
XML_EndDoctypeDeclHandler end);
</pre>
<pre class="signature">
typedef void
(XMLCALL *XML_EndDoctypeDeclHandler)(void *userData);
</pre>
<p>Set a handler that is called at the end of a DOCTYPE declaration,
after parsing any external subset.</p>
</div>
<div class="handler">
<h4 id="XML_SetDoctypeDeclHandler">XML_SetDoctypeDeclHandler</h4>
<pre class="setter">
void XMLCALL
XML_SetDoctypeDeclHandler(XML_Parser p,
XML_StartDoctypeDeclHandler start,
XML_EndDoctypeDeclHandler end);
</pre>
<p>Set both doctype handlers with one call.</p>
</div>
<div class="handler">
<h4 id="XML_SetElementDeclHandler">XML_SetElementDeclHandler</h4>
<pre class="setter">
void XMLCALL
XML_SetElementDeclHandler(XML_Parser p,
XML_ElementDeclHandler eldecl);
</pre>
<pre class="signature">
typedef void
(XMLCALL *XML_ElementDeclHandler)(void *userData,
const XML_Char *name,
XML_Content *model);
</pre>
<pre class="signature">
enum XML_Content_Type {
XML_CTYPE_EMPTY = 1,
XML_CTYPE_ANY,
XML_CTYPE_MIXED,
XML_CTYPE_NAME,
XML_CTYPE_CHOICE,
XML_CTYPE_SEQ
};
enum XML_Content_Quant {
XML_CQUANT_NONE,
XML_CQUANT_OPT,
XML_CQUANT_REP,
XML_CQUANT_PLUS
};
typedef struct XML_cp XML_Content;
struct XML_cp {
enum XML_Content_Type type;
enum XML_Content_Quant quant;
const XML_Char * name;
unsigned int numchildren;
XML_Content * children;
};
</pre>
<p>Sets a handler for element declarations in a DTD. The handler gets
called with the name of the element in the declaration and a pointer
to a structure that contains the element model. It's the user code's
responsibility to free model when finished with it. See <code>
<a href="#XML_FreeContentModel">XML_FreeContentModel</a></code>.
There is no need to free the model from the handler, it can be kept
around and freed at a later stage.</p>
<p>The <code>model</code> argument is the root of a tree of
<code>XML_Content</code> nodes. If <code>type</code> equals
<code>XML_CTYPE_EMPTY</code> or <code>XML_CTYPE_ANY</code>, then
<code>quant</code> will be <code>XML_CQUANT_NONE</code>, and the other
fields will be zero or <code>NULL</code>. If <code>type</code> is
<code>XML_CTYPE_MIXED</code>, then <code>quant</code> will be
<code>XML_CQUANT_NONE</code> or <code>XML_CQUANT_REP</code> and
<code>numchildren</code> will contain the number of elements that are
allowed to be mixed in and <code>children</code> points to an array of
<code>XML_Content</code> structures that will all have type
XML_CTYPE_NAME with no quantification. Only the root node can be type
<code>XML_CTYPE_EMPTY</code>, <code>XML_CTYPE_ANY</code>, or
<code>XML_CTYPE_MIXED</code>.</p>
<p>For type <code>XML_CTYPE_NAME</code>, the <code>name</code> field
points to the name and the <code>numchildren</code> and
<code>children</code> fields will be zero and <code>NULL</code>. The
<code>quant</code> field will indicate any quantifiers placed on the
name.</p>
<p>Types <code>XML_CTYPE_CHOICE</code> and <code>XML_CTYPE_SEQ</code>
indicate a choice or sequence respectively. The
<code>numchildren</code> field indicates how many nodes in the choice
or sequence and <code>children</code> points to the nodes.</p>
</div>
<div class="handler">
<h4 id="XML_SetAttlistDeclHandler">XML_SetAttlistDeclHandler</h4>
<pre class="setter">
void XMLCALL
XML_SetAttlistDeclHandler(XML_Parser p,
XML_AttlistDeclHandler attdecl);
</pre>
<pre class="signature">
typedef void
(XMLCALL *XML_AttlistDeclHandler)(void *userData,
const XML_Char *elname,
const XML_Char *attname,
const XML_Char *att_type,
const XML_Char *dflt,
int isrequired);
</pre>
<p>Set a handler for attlist declarations in the DTD. This handler is
called for <em>each</em> attribute. So a single attlist declaration
with multiple attributes declared will generate multiple calls to this
handler. The <code>elname</code> parameter returns the name of the
element for which the attribute is being declared. The attribute name
is in the <code>attname</code> parameter. The attribute type is in the
<code>att_type</code> parameter. It is the string representing the
type in the declaration with whitespace removed.</p>
<p>The <code>dflt</code> parameter holds the default value. It will be
<code>NULL</code> in the case of "#IMPLIED" or "#REQUIRED" attributes. You can
distinguish these two cases by checking the <code>isrequired</code>
parameter, which will be true in the case of "#REQUIRED" attributes.
Attributes which are "#FIXED" will have also have a true
<code>isrequired</code>, but they will have the non-<code>NULL</code> fixed value
in the <code>dflt</code> parameter.</p>
</div>
<div class="handler">
<h4 id="XML_SetEntityDeclHandler">XML_SetEntityDeclHandler</h4>
<pre class="setter">
void XMLCALL
XML_SetEntityDeclHandler(XML_Parser p,
XML_EntityDeclHandler handler);
</pre>
<pre class="signature">
typedef void
(XMLCALL *XML_EntityDeclHandler)(void *userData,
const XML_Char *entityName,
int is_parameter_entity,
const XML_Char *value,
int value_length,
const XML_Char *base,
const XML_Char *systemId,
const XML_Char *publicId,
const XML_Char *notationName);
</pre>
<p>Sets a handler that will be called for all entity declarations.
The <code>is_parameter_entity</code> argument will be non-zero in the
case of parameter entities and zero otherwise.</p>
<p>For internal entities (<code><!ENTITY foo "bar"></code>),
<code>value</code> will be non-<code>NULL</code> and <code>systemId</code>,
<code>publicId</code>, and <code>notationName</code> will all be <code>NULL</code>.
The value string is <em>not</em> null-terminated; the length is
provided in the <code>value_length</code> parameter. Do not use
<code>value_length</code> to test for internal entities, since it is
legal to have zero-length values. Instead check for whether or not
<code>value</code> is <code>NULL</code>.</p> <p>The <code>notationName</code>
argument will have a non-<code>NULL</code> value only for unparsed entity
declarations.</p>
</div>
<div class="handler">
<h4 id="XML_SetUnparsedEntityDeclHandler">XML_SetUnparsedEntityDeclHandler</h4>
<pre class="setter">
void XMLCALL
XML_SetUnparsedEntityDeclHandler(XML_Parser p,
XML_UnparsedEntityDeclHandler h)
</pre>
<pre class="signature">
typedef void
(XMLCALL *XML_UnparsedEntityDeclHandler)(void *userData,
const XML_Char *entityName,
const XML_Char *base,
const XML_Char *systemId,
const XML_Char *publicId,
const XML_Char *notationName);
</pre>
<p>Set a handler that receives declarations of unparsed entities. These
are entity declarations that have a notation (NDATA) field:</p>
<div id="eg"><pre>
<!ENTITY logo SYSTEM "images/logo.gif" NDATA gif>
</pre></div>
<p>This handler is obsolete and is provided for backwards
compatibility. Use instead <a href= "#XML_SetEntityDeclHandler"
>XML_SetEntityDeclHandler</a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="handler">
<h4 id="XML_SetNotationDeclHandler">XML_SetNotationDeclHandler</h4>
<pre class="setter">
void XMLCALL
XML_SetNotationDeclHandler(XML_Parser p,
XML_NotationDeclHandler h)
</pre>
<pre class="signature">
typedef void
(XMLCALL *XML_NotationDeclHandler)(void *userData,
const XML_Char *notationName,
const XML_Char *base,
const XML_Char *systemId,
const XML_Char *publicId);
</pre>
<p>Set a handler that receives notation declarations.</p>
</div>
<div class="handler">
<h4 id="XML_SetNotStandaloneHandler">XML_SetNotStandaloneHandler</h4>
<pre class="setter">
void XMLCALL
XML_SetNotStandaloneHandler(XML_Parser p,
XML_NotStandaloneHandler h)
</pre>
<pre class="signature">
typedef int
(XMLCALL *XML_NotStandaloneHandler)(void *userData);
</pre>
<p>Set a handler that is called if the document is not "standalone".
This happens when there is an external subset or a reference to a
parameter entity, but does not have standalone set to "yes" in an XML
declaration. If this handler returns <code>XML_STATUS_ERROR</code>,
then the parser will throw an <code>XML_ERROR_NOT_STANDALONE</code>
error.</p>
</div>
<h3><a name="position">Parse position and error reporting functions</a></h3>
<p>These are the functions you'll want to call when the parse
functions return <code>XML_STATUS_ERROR</code> (a parse error has
occurred), although the position reporting functions are useful outside
of errors. The position reported is the byte position (in the original
document or entity encoding) of the first of the sequence of
characters that generated the current event (or the error that caused
the parse functions to return <code>XML_STATUS_ERROR</code>.) The
exceptions are callbacks triggered by declarations in the document
prologue, in which case they exact position reported is somewhere in the
relevant markup, but not necessarily as meaningful as for other
events.</p>
<p>The position reporting functions are accurate only outside of the
DTD. In other words, they usually return bogus information when
called from within a DTD declaration handler.</p>
<h4 id="XML_GetErrorCode">XML_GetErrorCode</h4>
<pre class="fcndec">
enum XML_Error XMLCALL
XML_GetErrorCode(XML_Parser p);
</pre>
<div class="fcndef">
Return what type of error has occurred.
</div>
<h4 id="XML_ErrorString">XML_ErrorString</h4>
<pre class="fcndec">
const XML_LChar * XMLCALL
XML_ErrorString(enum XML_Error code);
</pre>
<div class="fcndef">
Return a string describing the error corresponding to code.
The code should be one of the enums that can be returned from
<code><a href= "#XML_GetErrorCode" >XML_GetErrorCode</a></code>.
</div>
<h4 id="XML_GetCurrentByteIndex">XML_GetCurrentByteIndex</h4>
<pre class="fcndec">
XML_Index XMLCALL
XML_GetCurrentByteIndex(XML_Parser p);
</pre>
<div class="fcndef">
Return the byte offset of the position. This always corresponds to
the values returned by <code><a href= "#XML_GetCurrentLineNumber"
>XML_GetCurrentLineNumber</a></code> and <code><a href=
"#XML_GetCurrentColumnNumber" >XML_GetCurrentColumnNumber</a></code>.
</div>
<h4 id="XML_GetCurrentLineNumber">XML_GetCurrentLineNumber</h4>
<pre class="fcndec">
XML_Size XMLCALL
XML_GetCurrentLineNumber(XML_Parser p);
</pre>
<div class="fcndef">
Return the line number of the position. The first line is reported as
<code>1</code>.
</div>
<h4 id="XML_GetCurrentColumnNumber">XML_GetCurrentColumnNumber</h4>
<pre class="fcndec">
XML_Size XMLCALL
XML_GetCurrentColumnNumber(XML_Parser p);
</pre>
<div class="fcndef">
Return the offset, from the beginning of the current line, of
the position.
</div>
<h4 id="XML_GetCurrentByteCount">XML_GetCurrentByteCount</h4>
<pre class="fcndec">
int XMLCALL
XML_GetCurrentByteCount(XML_Parser p);
</pre>
<div class="fcndef">
Return the number of bytes in the current event. Returns
<code>0</code> if the event is inside a reference to an internal
entity and for the end-tag event for empty element tags (the later can
be used to distinguish empty-element tags from empty elements using
separate start and end tags).
</div>
<h4 id="XML_GetInputContext">XML_GetInputContext</h4>
<pre class="fcndec">
const char * XMLCALL
XML_GetInputContext(XML_Parser p,
int *offset,
int *size);
</pre>
<div class="fcndef">
<p>Returns the parser's input buffer, sets the integer pointed at by
<code>offset</code> to the offset within this buffer of the current
parse position, and set the integer pointed at by <code>size</code> to
the size of the returned buffer.</p>
<p>This should only be called from within a handler during an active
parse and the returned buffer should only be referred to from within
the handler that made the call. This input buffer contains the
untranslated bytes of the input.</p>
<p>Only a limited amount of context is kept, so if the event
triggering a call spans over a very large amount of input, the actual
parse position may be before the beginning of the buffer.</p>
<p>If <code>XML_CONTEXT_BYTES</code> is zero, this will always
return <code>NULL</code>.</p>
</div>
<h3><a name="attack-protection">Attack Protection</a><a name="billion-laughs"></a></h3>
<h4 id="XML_SetBillionLaughsAttackProtectionMaximumAmplification">XML_SetBillionLaughsAttackProtectionMaximumAmplification</h4>
<pre class="fcndec">
/* Added in Expat 2.4.0. */
XML_Bool XMLCALL
XML_SetBillionLaughsAttackProtectionMaximumAmplification(XML_Parser p,
float maximumAmplificationFactor);
</pre>
<div class="fcndef">
<p>
Sets the maximum tolerated amplification factor
for protection against
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billion_laughs_attack">billion laughs attacks</a>
(default: <code>100.0</code>)
of parser <code>p</code> to <code>maximumAmplificationFactor</code>, and
returns <code>XML_TRUE</code> upon success and <code>XML_FALSE</code> upon error.
</p>
The amplification factor is calculated as ..
<pre>
amplification := (direct + indirect) / direct
</pre>
.. while parsing, whereas
<code>direct</code> is the number of bytes read from the primary document in parsing and
<code>indirect</code> is the number of bytes added by expanding entities and reading of external DTD files, combined.
<p>For a call to <code>XML_SetBillionLaughsAttackProtectionMaximumAmplification</code> to succeed:</p>
<ul>
<li>parser <code>p</code> must be a non-<code>NULL</code> root parser (without any parent parsers) and</li>
<li><code>maximumAmplificationFactor</code> must be non-<code>NaN</code> and greater than or equal to <code>1.0</code>.</li>
</ul>
<p>
<strong>Note:</strong>
If you ever need to increase this value for non-attack payload,
please <a href="https://github.com/libexpat/libexpat/issues">file a bug report</a>.
</p>
<p>
<strong>Note:</strong>
Peak amplifications
of factor 15,000 for the entire payload and
of factor 30,000 in the middle of parsing
have been observed with small benign files in practice.
So if you do reduce the maximum allowed amplification,
please make sure that the activation threshold is still big enough
to not end up with undesired false positives (i.e. benign files being rejected).
</p>
</div>
<h4 id="XML_SetBillionLaughsAttackProtectionActivationThreshold">XML_SetBillionLaughsAttackProtectionActivationThreshold</h4>
<pre class="fcndec">
/* Added in Expat 2.4.0. */
XML_Bool XMLCALL
XML_SetBillionLaughsAttackProtectionActivationThreshold(XML_Parser p,
unsigned long long activationThresholdBytes);
</pre>
<div class="fcndef">
<p>
Sets number of output bytes (including amplification from entity expansion and reading DTD files)
needed to activate protection against
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billion_laughs_attack">billion laughs attacks</a>
(default: <code>8 MiB</code>)
of parser <code>p</code> to <code>activationThresholdBytes</code>, and
returns <code>XML_TRUE</code> upon success and <code>XML_FALSE</code> upon error.
</p>
<p>For a call to <code>XML_SetBillionLaughsAttackProtectionActivationThreshold</code> to succeed:</p>
<ul>
<li>parser <code>p</code> must be a non-<code>NULL</code> root parser (without any parent parsers).</li>
</ul>
<p>
<strong>Note:</strong>
If you ever need to increase this value for non-attack payload,
please <a href="https://github.com/libexpat/libexpat/issues">file a bug report</a>.
</p>
<p>
<strong>Note:</strong>
Activation thresholds below 4 MiB are known to break support for
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darwin_Information_Typing_Architecture">DITA</a> 1.3 payload
and are hence not recommended.
</p>
</div>
<h4 id="XML_SetReparseDeferralEnabled">XML_SetReparseDeferralEnabled</h4>
<pre class="fcndec">
/* Added in Expat 2.6.0. */
XML_Bool XMLCALL
XML_SetReparseDeferralEnabled(XML_Parser parser, XML_Bool enabled);
</pre>
<div class="fcndef">
<p>
Large tokens may require many parse calls before enough data is available for Expat to parse it in full.
If Expat retried parsing the token on every parse call, parsing could take quadratic time.
To avoid this, Expat only retries once a significant amount of new data is available.
This function allows disabling this behavior.
</p>
<p>
The <code>enabled</code> argument should be <code>XML_TRUE</code> or <code>XML_FALSE</code>.
</p>
<p>
Returns <code>XML_TRUE</code> on success, and <code>XML_FALSE</code> on error.
</p>
</div>
<h3><a name="miscellaneous">Miscellaneous functions</a></h3>
<p>The functions in this section either obtain state information from
the parser or can be used to dynamically set parser options.</p>
<h4 id="XML_SetUserData">XML_SetUserData</h4>
<pre class="fcndec">
void XMLCALL
XML_SetUserData(XML_Parser p,
void *userData);
</pre>
<div class="fcndef">
This sets the user data pointer that gets passed to handlers. It
overwrites any previous value for this pointer. Note that the
application is responsible for freeing the memory associated with
<code>userData</code> when it is finished with the parser. So if you
call this when there's already a pointer there, and you haven't freed
the memory associated with it, then you've probably just leaked
memory.
</div>
<h4 id="XML_GetUserData">XML_GetUserData</h4>
<pre class="fcndec">
void * XMLCALL
XML_GetUserData(XML_Parser p);
</pre>
<div class="fcndef">
This returns the user data pointer that gets passed to handlers.
It is actually implemented as a macro.
</div>
<h4 id="XML_UseParserAsHandlerArg">XML_UseParserAsHandlerArg</h4>
<pre class="fcndec">
void XMLCALL
XML_UseParserAsHandlerArg(XML_Parser p);
</pre>
<div class="fcndef">
After this is called, handlers receive the parser in their
<code>userData</code> arguments. The user data can still be obtained
using the <code><a href= "#XML_GetUserData"
>XML_GetUserData</a></code> function.
</div>
<h4 id="XML_SetBase">XML_SetBase</h4>
<pre class="fcndec">
enum XML_Status XMLCALL
XML_SetBase(XML_Parser p,
const XML_Char *base);
</pre>
<div class="fcndef">
Set the base to be used for resolving relative URIs in system
identifiers. The return value is <code>XML_STATUS_ERROR</code> if
there's no memory to store base, otherwise it's
<code>XML_STATUS_OK</code>.
</div>
<h4 id="XML_GetBase">XML_GetBase</h4>
<pre class="fcndec">
const XML_Char * XMLCALL
XML_GetBase(XML_Parser p);
</pre>
<div class="fcndef">
Return the base for resolving relative URIs.
</div>
<h4 id="XML_GetSpecifiedAttributeCount">XML_GetSpecifiedAttributeCount</h4>
<pre class="fcndec">
int XMLCALL
XML_GetSpecifiedAttributeCount(XML_Parser p);
</pre>
<div class="fcndef">
When attributes are reported to the start handler in the atts vector,
attributes that were explicitly set in the element occur before any
attributes that receive their value from default information in an
ATTLIST declaration. This function returns the number of attributes
that were explicitly set times two, thus giving the offset in the
<code>atts</code> array passed to the start tag handler of the first
attribute set due to defaults. It supplies information for the last
call to a start handler. If called inside a start handler, then that
means the current call.
</div>
<h4 id="XML_GetIdAttributeIndex">XML_GetIdAttributeIndex</h4>
<pre class="fcndec">
int XMLCALL
XML_GetIdAttributeIndex(XML_Parser p);
</pre>
<div class="fcndef">
Returns the index of the ID attribute passed in the atts array in the
last call to <code><a href= "#XML_StartElementHandler"
>XML_StartElementHandler</a></code>, or -1 if there is no ID
attribute. If called inside a start handler, then that means the
current call.
</div>
<h4 id="XML_GetAttributeInfo">XML_GetAttributeInfo</h4>
<pre class="fcndec">
const XML_AttrInfo * XMLCALL
XML_GetAttributeInfo(XML_Parser parser);
</pre>
<pre class="signature">
typedef struct {
XML_Index nameStart; /* Offset to beginning of the attribute name. */
XML_Index nameEnd; /* Offset after the attribute name's last byte. */
XML_Index valueStart; /* Offset to beginning of the attribute value. */
XML_Index valueEnd; /* Offset after the attribute value's last byte. */
} XML_AttrInfo;
</pre>
<div class="fcndef">
Returns an array of <code>XML_AttrInfo</code> structures for the
attribute/value pairs passed in the last call to the
<code>XML_StartElementHandler</code> that were specified
in the start-tag rather than defaulted. Each attribute/value pair counts
as 1; thus the number of entries in the array is
<code>XML_GetSpecifiedAttributeCount(parser) / 2</code>.
</div>
<h4 id="XML_SetEncoding">XML_SetEncoding</h4>
<pre class="fcndec">
enum XML_Status XMLCALL
XML_SetEncoding(XML_Parser p,
const XML_Char *encoding);
</pre>
<div class="fcndef">
Set the encoding to be used by the parser. It is equivalent to
passing a non-<code>NULL</code> encoding argument to the parser creation functions.
It must not be called after <code><a href= "#XML_Parse"
>XML_Parse</a></code> or <code><a href= "#XML_ParseBuffer"
>XML_ParseBuffer</a></code> have been called on the given parser.
Returns <code>XML_STATUS_OK</code> on success or
<code>XML_STATUS_ERROR</code> on error.
</div>
<h4 id="XML_SetParamEntityParsing">XML_SetParamEntityParsing</h4>
<pre class="fcndec">
int XMLCALL
XML_SetParamEntityParsing(XML_Parser p,
enum XML_ParamEntityParsing code);
</pre>
<div class="fcndef">
This enables parsing of parameter entities, including the external
parameter entity that is the external DTD subset, according to
<code>code</code>.
The choices for <code>code</code> are:
<ul>
<li><code>XML_PARAM_ENTITY_PARSING_NEVER</code></li>
<li><code>XML_PARAM_ENTITY_PARSING_UNLESS_STANDALONE</code></li>
<li><code>XML_PARAM_ENTITY_PARSING_ALWAYS</code></li>
</ul>
<b>Note:</b> If <code>XML_SetParamEntityParsing</code> is called after
<code>XML_Parse</code> or <code>XML_ParseBuffer</code>, then it has
no effect and will always return 0.
</div>
<h4 id="XML_SetHashSalt">XML_SetHashSalt</h4>
<pre class="fcndec">
int XMLCALL
XML_SetHashSalt(XML_Parser p,
unsigned long hash_salt);
</pre>
<div class="fcndef">
Sets the hash salt to use for internal hash calculations.
Helps in preventing DoS attacks based on predicting hash
function behavior. In order to have an effect this must be called
before parsing has started. Returns 1 if successful, 0 when called
after <code>XML_Parse</code> or <code>XML_ParseBuffer</code>.
<p><b>Note:</b> This call is optional, as the parser will auto-generate
a new random salt value if no value has been set at the start of parsing.</p>
<p><b>Note:</b> One should not call <code>XML_SetHashSalt</code> with a
hash salt value of 0, as this value is used as sentinel value to indicate
that <code>XML_SetHashSalt</code> has <b>not</b> been called. Consequently
such a call will have no effect, even if it returns 1.</p>
</div>
<h4 id="XML_UseForeignDTD">XML_UseForeignDTD</h4>
<pre class="fcndec">
enum XML_Error XMLCALL
XML_UseForeignDTD(XML_Parser parser, XML_Bool useDTD);
</pre>
<div class="fcndef">
<p>This function allows an application to provide an external subset
for the document type declaration for documents which do not specify
an external subset of their own. For documents which specify an
external subset in their DOCTYPE declaration, the application-provided
subset will be ignored. If the document does not contain a DOCTYPE
declaration at all and <code>useDTD</code> is true, the
application-provided subset will be parsed, but the
<code>startDoctypeDeclHandler</code> and
<code>endDoctypeDeclHandler</code> functions, if set, will not be
called. The setting of parameter entity parsing, controlled using
<code><a href= "#XML_SetParamEntityParsing"
>XML_SetParamEntityParsing</a></code>, will be honored.</p>
<p>The application-provided external subset is read by calling the
external entity reference handler set via <code><a href=
"#XML_SetExternalEntityRefHandler"
>XML_SetExternalEntityRefHandler</a></code> with both
<code>publicId</code> and <code>systemId</code> set to <code>NULL</code>.</p>
<p>If this function is called after parsing has begun, it returns
<code>XML_ERROR_CANT_CHANGE_FEATURE_ONCE_PARSING</code> and ignores
<code>useDTD</code>. If called when Expat has been compiled without
DTD support, it returns
<code>XML_ERROR_FEATURE_REQUIRES_XML_DTD</code>. Otherwise, it
returns <code>XML_ERROR_NONE</code>.</p>
<p><b>Note:</b> For the purpose of checking WFC: Entity Declared, passing
<code>useDTD == XML_TRUE</code> will make the parser behave as if
the document had a DTD with an external subset. This holds true even if
the external entity reference handler returns without action.</p>
</div>
<h4 id="XML_SetReturnNSTriplet">XML_SetReturnNSTriplet</h4>
<pre class="fcndec">
void XMLCALL
XML_SetReturnNSTriplet(XML_Parser parser,
int do_nst);
</pre>
<div class="fcndef">
<p>
This function only has an effect when using a parser created with
<code><a href= "#XML_ParserCreateNS" >XML_ParserCreateNS</a></code>,
i.e. when namespace processing is in effect. The <code>do_nst</code>
sets whether or not prefixes are returned with names qualified with a
namespace prefix. If this function is called with <code>do_nst</code>
non-zero, then afterwards namespace qualified names (that is qualified
with a prefix as opposed to belonging to a default namespace) are
returned as a triplet with the three parts separated by the namespace
separator specified when the parser was created. The order of
returned parts is URI, local name, and prefix.</p> <p>If
<code>do_nst</code> is zero, then namespaces are reported in the
default manner, URI then local_name separated by the namespace
separator.</p>
</div>
<h4 id="XML_DefaultCurrent">XML_DefaultCurrent</h4>
<pre class="fcndec">
void XMLCALL
XML_DefaultCurrent(XML_Parser parser);
</pre>
<div class="fcndef">
This can be called within a handler for a start element, end element,
processing instruction or character data. It causes the corresponding
markup to be passed to the default handler set by <code><a
href="#XML_SetDefaultHandler" >XML_SetDefaultHandler</a></code> or
<code><a href="#XML_SetDefaultHandlerExpand"
>XML_SetDefaultHandlerExpand</a></code>. It does nothing if there is
not a default handler.
</div>
<h4 id="XML_ExpatVersion">XML_ExpatVersion</h4>
<pre class="fcndec">
XML_LChar * XMLCALL
XML_ExpatVersion();
</pre>
<div class="fcndef">
Return the library version as a string (e.g. <code>"expat_1.95.1"</code>).
</div>
<h4 id="XML_ExpatVersionInfo">XML_ExpatVersionInfo</h4>
<pre class="fcndec">
struct XML_Expat_Version XMLCALL
XML_ExpatVersionInfo();
</pre>
<pre class="signature">
typedef struct {
int major;
int minor;
int micro;
} XML_Expat_Version;
</pre>
<div class="fcndef">
Return the library version information as a structure.
Some macros are also defined that support compile-time tests of the
library version:
<ul>
<li><code>XML_MAJOR_VERSION</code></li>
<li><code>XML_MINOR_VERSION</code></li>
<li><code>XML_MICRO_VERSION</code></li>
</ul>
Testing these constants is currently the best way to determine if
particular parts of the Expat API are available.
</div>
<h4 id="XML_GetFeatureList">XML_GetFeatureList</h4>
<pre class="fcndec">
const XML_Feature * XMLCALL
XML_GetFeatureList();
</pre>
<pre class="signature">
enum XML_FeatureEnum {
XML_FEATURE_END = 0,
XML_FEATURE_UNICODE,
XML_FEATURE_UNICODE_WCHAR_T,
XML_FEATURE_DTD,
XML_FEATURE_CONTEXT_BYTES,
XML_FEATURE_MIN_SIZE,
XML_FEATURE_SIZEOF_XML_CHAR,
XML_FEATURE_SIZEOF_XML_LCHAR,
XML_FEATURE_NS,
XML_FEATURE_LARGE_SIZE
};
typedef struct {
enum XML_FeatureEnum feature;
XML_LChar *name;
long int value;
} XML_Feature;
</pre>
<div class="fcndef">
<p>Returns a list of "feature" records, providing details on how
Expat was configured at compile time. Most applications should not
need to worry about this, but this information is otherwise not
available from Expat. This function allows code that does need to
check these features to do so at runtime.</p>
<p>The return value is an array of <code>XML_Feature</code>,
terminated by a record with a <code>feature</code> of
<code>XML_FEATURE_END</code> and <code>name</code> of <code>NULL</code>,
identifying the feature-test macros Expat was compiled with. Since an
application that requires this kind of information needs to determine
the type of character the <code>name</code> points to, records for the
<code>XML_FEATURE_SIZEOF_XML_CHAR</code> and
<code>XML_FEATURE_SIZEOF_XML_LCHAR</code> will be located at the
beginning of the list, followed by <code>XML_FEATURE_UNICODE</code>
and <code>XML_FEATURE_UNICODE_WCHAR_T</code>, if they are present at
all.</p>
<p>Some features have an associated value. If there isn't an
associated value, the <code>value</code> field is set to 0. At this
time, the following features have been defined to have values:</p>
<dl>
<dt><code>XML_FEATURE_SIZEOF_XML_CHAR</code></dt>
<dd>The number of bytes occupied by one <code>XML_Char</code>
character.</dd>
<dt><code>XML_FEATURE_SIZEOF_XML_LCHAR</code></dt>
<dd>The number of bytes occupied by one <code>XML_LChar</code>
character.</dd>
<dt><code>XML_FEATURE_CONTEXT_BYTES</code></dt>
<dd>The maximum number of characters of context which can be
reported by <code><a href= "#XML_GetInputContext"
>XML_GetInputContext</a></code>.</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<h4 id="XML_FreeContentModel">XML_FreeContentModel</h4>
<pre class="fcndec">
void XMLCALL
XML_FreeContentModel(XML_Parser parser, XML_Content *model);
</pre>
<div class="fcndef">
Function to deallocate the <code>model</code> argument passed to the
<code>XML_ElementDeclHandler</code> callback set using <code><a
href="#XML_SetElementDeclHandler" >XML_ElementDeclHandler</a></code>.
This function should not be used for any other purpose.
</div>
<p>The following functions allow external code to share the memory
allocator an <code>XML_Parser</code> has been configured to use. This
is especially useful for third-party libraries that interact with a
parser object created by application code, or heavily layered
applications. This can be essential when using dynamically loaded
libraries which use different C standard libraries (this can happen on
Windows, at least).</p>
<h4 id="XML_MemMalloc">XML_MemMalloc</h4>
<pre class="fcndec">
void * XMLCALL
XML_MemMalloc(XML_Parser parser, size_t size);
</pre>
<div class="fcndef">
Allocate <code>size</code> bytes of memory using the allocator the
<code>parser</code> object has been configured to use. Returns a
pointer to the memory or <code>NULL</code> on failure. Memory allocated in this
way must be freed using <code><a href="#XML_MemFree"
>XML_MemFree</a></code>.
</div>
<h4 id="XML_MemRealloc">XML_MemRealloc</h4>
<pre class="fcndec">
void * XMLCALL
XML_MemRealloc(XML_Parser parser, void *ptr, size_t size);
</pre>
<div class="fcndef">
Allocate <code>size</code> bytes of memory using the allocator the
<code>parser</code> object has been configured to use.
<code>ptr</code> must point to a block of memory allocated by <code><a
href="#XML_MemMalloc" >XML_MemMalloc</a></code> or
<code>XML_MemRealloc</code>, or be <code>NULL</code>. This function tries to
expand the block pointed to by <code>ptr</code> if possible. Returns
a pointer to the memory or <code>NULL</code> on failure. On success, the original
block has either been expanded or freed. On failure, the original
block has not been freed; the caller is responsible for freeing the
original block. Memory allocated in this way must be freed using
<code><a href="#XML_MemFree"
>XML_MemFree</a></code>.
</div>
<h4 id="XML_MemFree">XML_MemFree</h4>
<pre class="fcndec">
void XMLCALL
XML_MemFree(XML_Parser parser, void *ptr);
</pre>
<div class="fcndef">
Free a block of memory pointed to by <code>ptr</code>. The block must
have been allocated by <code><a href="#XML_MemMalloc"
>XML_MemMalloc</a></code> or <code>XML_MemRealloc</code>, or be <code>NULL</code>.
</div>
<hr />
<div class="footer">
Found a bug in the documentation?
<a href="https://github.com/libexpat/libexpat/issues">Please file a bug report.</a>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
|
