path: root/sbin/sysctl/sysctl.8

.\"	$OpenBSD: sysctl.8,v 1.19 1998/06/15 17:56:21 mickey Exp $
.\"	$NetBSD: sysctl.8,v 1.4 1995/09/30 07:12:49 thorpej Exp $
.\"
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.\"	@(#)sysctl.8	8.2 (Berkeley) 5/9/95
.\"
.Dd May 9, 1995
.Dt SYSCTL 8
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm sysctl
.Nd get or set kernel state
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Nm sysctl
.Op Fl n
.Ar name ...
.Nm sysctl
.Op Fl n
.Fl w
.Ar name=value ...
.Nm sysctl
.Op Fl n
.Fl aA
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm sysctl
utility retrieves kernel state and allows processes with
appropriate privilege to set kernel state.
The state to be retrieved or set is described using a
``Management Information Base'' (``MIB'') style name,
described as a dotted set of components.
The
.Fl a
flag can be used to list all the currently available string or integer values.
The
.Fl A
flag will list all the known MIB names including tables.
Those with string or integer values will be printed as with the
.Fl a
flag; for the table values,
the name of the utility to retrieve them is given.
.Pp
The
.Fl n
flag specifies that the printing of the field name should be
suppressed and that only its value should be output.
This flag is useful for setting shell variables.
For example, to save the pagesize in variable psize, use:
.Bd -literal -offset indent -compact
set psize=`sysctl -n hw.pagesize`
.Ed
.Pp
If just a MIB style name is given,
the corresponding value is retrieved.
If a value is to be set, the
.Fl w
flag must be specified and the MIB name followed
by an equal sign and the new value to be used.
.Pp
The information available from
.Nm sysctl
consists of integers, strings, and tables.
The tabular information can only be retrieved by special
purpose programs such as
.Nm ps ,
.Nm systat ,
and
.Nm netstat .
The string and integer information is summaried below.
For a detailed description of these variable see
.Xr sysctl 3 .
The changeable column indicates whether a process with appropriate
privilege can change the value.
.Bl -column net.inet.ip.forwardingxxxxxx integerxxx
.It Sy Name	Type	Changeable
.It kern.ostype	string	no
.It kern.osrelease	string	no
.It kern.osrevision	integer	no
.It kern.osversion	string	no
.It kern.version	string	no
.It kern.maxvnodes	integer	yes
.It kern.maxproc	integer	yes
.It kern.maxfiles	integer	yes
.It kern.maxpartitions	integer	no
.It kern.rawpartition	integer	no
.It kern.argmax	integer	no
.It kern.securelevel	integer	raise only
.It kern.hostname	string	yes
.It kern.domainname	string	yes
.It kern.hostid	integer	yes
.It kern.clockrate	struct	no
.It kern.posix1version	integer	no
.It kern.ngroups	integer	no
.It kern.job_control	integer	no
.It kern.saved_ids	integer	no
.It kern.link_max	integer	no
.It kern.max_canon	integer	no
.It kern.max_input	integer	no
.It kern.name_max	integer	no
.It kern.path_max	integer	no
.It kern.pipe_buf	integer	no
.It kern.chown_restricted	integer	no
.It kern.no_trunc	integer	no
.It kern.boottime	struct	no
.It kern.somaxconn	integer	yes
.It kern.sominconn	integer	yes
.It kern.usermount	integer	yes
.It kern.random	struct	no
.It kern.fsync	integer	no
.It kern.sysvmsg	integer	no
.It kern.sysvsem	integer	no
.It kern.sysvshm	integer	no
.It vm.loadavg	struct	no
.It vm.psstrings	struct	no
.It fs.posix.setuid	integer	yes
.It net.inet.ip.forwarding	integer	yes
.It net.inet.ip.redirect	integer	yes
.It net.inet.ip.ttl	integer	yes
.It net.inet.ip.sourceroute	integer	yes
.It net.inet.ip.directed-broadcast	integer	yes
.It net.inet.ip.portfirst	integer	yes
.It net.inet.ip.portlast	integer	yes
.It net.inet.ip.porthifirst	integer	yes
.It net.inet.ip.porthilast	integer	yes
.It net.inet.ip.portfirst	integer	yes
.It net.inet.icmp.maskrepl	integer	yes
.It net.inet.tcp.rfc1323	integer	yes
.It net.inet.tcp.keepinittime	integer	yes
.It net.inet.tcp.keepidle	integer	yes
.It net.inet.tcp.keepintvl	integer	yes
.It net.inet.tcp.slowhz	integer	no
.It net.inet.tcp.baddynamic	array	yes
.It net.inet.udp.checksum	integer	yes
.It net.inet.udp.baddynamic	array	yes
.It net.ipx.ipx.recvspace	integer	yes
.It net.ipx.ipx.sendspace	integer	yes
.It net.ipsec.encap.encdebug	integer	yes
.It debug.syncprt	integer	yes
.It debug.busyprt	integer	yes
.It debug.doclusterread	integer	yes
.It debug.doclusterwrite	integer	yes
.It debug.doreallocblks	integer	yes
.It debug.doasyncfree	integer	yes
.It debug.prtrealloc	integer	yes
.It hw.machine	string	no
.It hw.model	string	no
.It hw.ncpu	integer	no
.It hw.byteorder	integer	no
.It hw.physmem	integer	no
.It hw.usermem	integer	no
.It hw.pagesize	integer	no
.It machdep.console_device	dev_t	no
.It user.cs_path	string	no
.It user.bc_base_max	integer	no
.It user.bc_dim_max	integer	no
.It user.bc_scale_max	integer	no
.It user.bc_string_max	integer	no
.It user.coll_weights_max	integer	no
.It user.expr_nest_max	integer	no
.It user.line_max	integer	no
.It user.re_dup_max	integer	no
.It user.posix2_version	integer	no
.It user.posix2_c_bind	integer	no
.It user.posix2_c_dev	integer	no
.It user.posix2_char_term	integer	no
.It user.posix2_fort_dev	integer	no
.It user.posix2_fort_run	integer	no
.It user.posix2_localedef	integer	no
.It user.posix2_sw_dev	integer	no
.It user.posix2_upe	integer	no
.It user.stream_max	integer	no
.It user.tzname_max	integer	no
.It ddb.radix	integer	yes
.It ddb.max_width	integer	yes
.It ddb.max_line	integer	yes
.It ddb.tab_stop_width	integer	yes
.It ddb.panic	integer	yes
.It ddb.console	integer	yes
.El
.Pp
The
.Nm sysctl
program can get or set debugging variables
that have been identified for its display.
This information can be obtained by using the command:
.Bd -literal -offset indent
sysctl debug
.Ed
In addition,
.Nm sysctl
can extract information about the filesystems that have been compiled
into the running system.
This information can be obtained by using the command:
.Bd -literal -offset indent
sysctl vfs
.Ed
By default, only filesystems that are actively being used are listed.
Use of the
.Fl A
flag lists all the filesystems compiled into the running kernel.
.Sh EXAMPLES
.Pp
For example, to retrieve the maximum number of processes allowed
in the system, one would use the follow request:
.Bd -literal -offset indent -compact
sysctl kern.maxproc
.Ed
.Pp
To set the maximum number of processes allowed
in the system to 1000, one would use the follow request:
.Bd -literal -offset indent -compact
sysctl -w kern.maxproc=1000
.Ed
.Pp
Information about the system clock rate may be obtained with:
.Bd -literal -offset indent -compact
sysctl kern.clockrate
.Ed
.Pp
Information about the load average history may be obtained with
.Bd -literal -offset indent -compact
sysctl vm.loadavg
.Ed
.Pp
To make the
.Xr chown 2
system call use traditional BSD semantics (don't clear setuid/setgid bits),
one would do the following:
.Bd -literal -offset indent -compact
sysctl -w fs.posix.setuid=0
.Ed
.Pp
Set the list of reserved TCP ports that should not be allocated
by the kernel dynamically.  This can be used to keep daemons
from stealing a specific port that another program needs to function.
List elements may be separated by commas and/or whitespace.
.Bd -literal -offset indent -compact
sysctl -w net.inet.tcp.baddynamic=749,750,751,760,761,871
.Ed
.Pp
It is also possible to add or remove ports from the current list.
.Bd -literal -offset indent -compact
sysctl -w net.inet.tcp.baddynamic=+748
sysctl -w net.inet.tcp.baddynamic=-871
.Ed
.Sh FILES
.Bl -tag -width <netinet/icmpXvar.h> -compact
.It Pa <sys/sysctl.h>
definitions for top level identifiers, second level kernel and hardware
identifiers, and user level identifiers
.It Pa <dev/rndvar.h>
definitions for
.Xr random 4
device's statistics structure
.It Pa <sys/socket.h>
definitions for second level network identifiers
.It Pa <sys/gmon.h>
definitions for third level profiling identifiers
.It Pa <vm/vm_param.h>
definitions for second level virtual memory identifiers
.It Pa <netinet/in.h>
definitions for third level Internet identifiers and
fourth level IP identifiers
.It Pa <netinet/icmp_var.h>
definitions for fourth level ICMP identifiers
.It Pa <netinet/udp_var.h>
definitions for fourth level UDP identifiers
.It Pa <netipx/ipx_var.h>
definitions for third level IPX identifiers and
fourth level IPX identifiers
.It Pa <ddb/db_var.h>
definitions for second level ddb identifiers
.El
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr sysctl 3
.Sh HISTORY
.Nm sysctl
first appeared in
.Bx 4.4 .