1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
|
.\" $OpenBSD: ratecheck.9,v 1.11 2016/04/03 06:43:59 jsg Exp $
.\" $NetBSD: ratecheck.9,v 1.1.2.1 2000/02/18 20:26:43 he Exp $
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 2000 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
.\" All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" This code is derived from software contributed to The NetBSD Foundation
.\" by Christopher G. Demetriou.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS
.\" ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
.\" TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
.\" PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS
.\" BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
.\" CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
.\" SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
.\" INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
.\" CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
.\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
.\" POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.Dd $Mdocdate: April 3 2016 $
.Dt RATECHECK 9
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm ratecheck
.Nd function to help implement rate-limited actions
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.In sys/time.h
.Ft int
.Fn ratecheck "struct timeval *lasttime" "const struct timeval *mininterval"
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Fn ratecheck
function provides a simple time interval check which can be used
when implementing time-based rate-limited actions.
If the difference between the current monotonically-increasing
system time
.Pq Xr getmicrouptime 9
and
.Fa lasttime
is less than the value given by the
.Fa mininterval
argument, zero is returned.
Otherwise,
.Fa lasttime
is set to the current time and a non-zero value is returned.
.Pp
The motivation for implementing
.Fn ratecheck
was to provide a mechanism that could be used to add rate limiting to
diagnostic message output.
If printed too often, diagnostic messages can
keep the system from doing useful work.
If the repeated messages can be caused by deliberate user action or
network events, they can be exploited to cause denial of system service.
.Pp
Note that using a very short time interval (less than a second)
for
.Fa mininterval
defeats the purpose of this function.
(It doesn't
take much to flood a 9600 baud serial console with output, for instance.)
.Sh EXAMPLES
Here is a simple example of use of the
.Fn ratecheck
function:
.Bd -literal
/*
* The following variables could be global, in a device softc, etc.,
* depending on the exact usage.
*/
struct timeval drv_lasterr1time; /* time of last err1 message */
long drv_err1count; /* # of err1 errs since last msg */
struct timeval drv_lasterr2time; /* time of last err2 message */
long drv_err2count; /* # of err2 errs since last msg */
/*
* The following variable will often be global or shared by all
* instances of a driver. It should be initialized, so it can be
* patched. Allowing it to be set via an option might be nice,
* but could lead to an insane proliferation of options.
*/
struct timeval drv_errinterval = { 5, 0 }; /* 5 seconds */
/* error handling/reporting function */
void
drv_errhandler(int err1, int err2)
{
/*
* Note that you should NOT use the same last-event
* time variable for dissimilar messages!
*/
if (err1) {
/* handle err1 condition */
...
drv_err1count++;
if (ratecheck(&drv_lasterr1notice,
&drv_errinterval)) {
printf("drv: %ld err1 errors occurred",
drv_err1count);
drv_err1count = 0;
}
}
if (err2) {
/* handle err2 condition */
...
drv_err2count++;
if (ratecheck(&drv_lasterr2notice,
&drv_errinterval)) {
printf("drv: %ld err2 errors occurred",
drv_err2count);
drv_err2count = 0;
}
}
}
.Ed
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr log 9 ,
.Xr printf 9 ,
.Xr time_second 9
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Fn ratecheck
function first appeared in
.Nx 1.5 .
|
