1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
|
.\" $OpenBSD: expand.1,v 1.20 2014/03/17 21:48:51 jmc Exp $
.\" $NetBSD: expand.1,v 1.3 1995/09/02 06:19:45 jtc Exp $
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1990, 1993
.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
.\" without specific prior written permission.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.\" @(#)expand.1 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/9/93
.\"
.Dd $Mdocdate: March 17 2014 $
.Dt EXPAND 1
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm expand ,
.Nm unexpand
.Nd expand tabs to spaces, and vice versa
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Nm expand
.Op Fl t Ar tablist
.Op Ar
.Nm unexpand
.Op Fl a
.Op Ar
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm expand
processes the named files or the standard input,
writing the standard output with tabs changed into blanks.
Backspace characters are preserved into the output and decrement
the column count for tab calculations.
.Nm expand
is useful for pre-processing character files
(before sorting, looking at specific columns, etc.) that
contain tabs.
.Pp
.Nm unexpand
puts tabs back into the data from the standard input or the named
files and writes the result on the standard output.
.Pp
The options are as follows:
.Bl -tag -width flag
.It Fl a
By default, only leading blanks and tabs
are reconverted to maximal strings of tabs.
If the
.Fl a
option is given, tabs are inserted whenever they would compress the
resultant file by replacing two or more characters.
.It Fl t Ar tablist
If the argument to
.Fl t ,
.Ar tablist ,
consists of a single numerical argument, tabs are set
.Ar tablist
spaces apart instead of the default 8.
If multiple
.Fl t
options are given, then the tabs are set at those
specific columns.
.Pp
Otherwise the argument to
.Fl t
may consist of a list
of two or more positive decimal integers,
separated by commas or single blank characters,
in ascending order:
in the event of having to process a
.Aq tab
at a position beyond the last of those specified in a multiple
.Fl t
list,
the
.Aq tab
is replaced by a single
.Aq space
character.
.Pp
This implementation of
.Nm
additionally allows
.Ar tablist
to be specified without using the
.Fl t
flag, by prefixing
.Ar tablist
with a dash
.Pq - .
.El
.Sh EXIT STATUS
.Ex -std expand unexpand
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr fold 1
.Sh STANDARDS
The
.Nm
and
.Nm unexpand
utilities are compliant with the
.St -p1003.1-2008
specification,
except that this implementation does not support a
.Fl t
flag for
.Nm unexpand .
.Pp
The ability to specify tabstops without the
.Fl t
flag is not specified by
.St -p1003.1-2008 ,
though it states it
.Dq may be present in some implementations .
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm expand
utility first appeared in
.Bx 1 .
|
