summaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
path: root/usr.bin/rpcgen/rpc_cout.c
blob: fb717b93ff70764ffc75aca9b24019fd4a933fc4 (plain)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
/*	$OpenBSD: rpc_cout.c,v 1.18 2004/07/16 07:31:05 matthieu Exp $	*/
/*	$NetBSD: rpc_cout.c,v 1.6 1996/10/01 04:13:53 cgd Exp $	*/
/*
 * Sun RPC is a product of Sun Microsystems, Inc. and is provided for
 * unrestricted use provided that this legend is included on all tape
 * media and as a part of the software program in whole or part.  Users
 * may copy or modify Sun RPC without charge, but are not authorized
 * to license or distribute it to anyone else except as part of a product or
 * program developed by the user or with the express written consent of
 * Sun Microsystems, Inc.
 *
 * SUN RPC IS PROVIDED AS IS WITH NO WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND INCLUDING THE
 * WARRANTIES OF DESIGN, MERCHANTIBILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
 * PURPOSE, OR ARISING FROM A COURSE OF DEALING, USAGE OR TRADE PRACTICE.
 *
 * Sun RPC is provided with no support and without any obligation on the
 * part of Sun Microsystems, Inc. to assist in its use, correction,
 * modification or enhancement.
 *
 * SUN MICROSYSTEMS, INC. SHALL HAVE NO LIABILITY WITH RESPECT TO THE
 * INFRINGEMENT OF COPYRIGHTS, TRADE SECRETS OR ANY PATENTS BY SUN RPC
 * OR ANY PART THEREOF.
 *
 * In no event will Sun Microsystems, Inc. be liable for any lost revenue
 * or profits or other special, indirect and consequential damages, even if
 * Sun has been advised of the possibility of such damages.
 *
 * Sun Microsystems, Inc.
 * 2550 Garcia Avenue
 * Mountain View, California  94043
 */

#ifndef lint
static char sccsid[] = "@(#)rpc_cout.c 1.13 89/02/22 (C) 1987 SMI";
#endif

/*
 * rpc_cout.c, XDR routine outputter for the RPC protocol compiler
 */
#include <sys/cdefs.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include "rpc_parse.h"
#include "rpc_util.h"

static int findtype(definition *, char *);
static int undefined(char *);
static void print_generic_header(char *, int);
static void print_header(definition *);
static void print_prog_header(proc_list *);
static void print_trailer(void);
static void print_ifopen(int, char *);
static void print_ifarg(char *);
static void print_ifsizeof(char *, char *);
static void print_ifclose(int);
static void print_ifstat(int, char *, char *, relation, char *, char *, char *);
static void emit_program(definition *);
static void emit_enum(definition *);
static void emit_union(definition *);
static void emit_struct(definition *);
static void emit_typedef(definition *);
static void print_stat(int, declaration *);
void emit_inline(declaration *, int);
void emit_single_in_line(declaration *, int, relation);

/*
 * Emit the C-routine for the given definition
 */
void
emit(def)
	definition *def;
{
	if (def->def_kind == DEF_CONST) {
		return;
	}
	if (def->def_kind == DEF_PROGRAM) {
		emit_program(def);
		return;
	}
	if (def->def_kind == DEF_TYPEDEF) {
		/* now we need to handle declarations like struct typedef foo
		 * foo; since we dont want this to be expanded into 2 calls to
		 * xdr_foo */

		if (strcmp(def->def.ty.old_type, def->def_name) == 0)
			return;
	}

	print_header(def);
	switch (def->def_kind) {
	case DEF_UNION:
		emit_union(def);
		break;
	case DEF_ENUM:
		emit_enum(def);
		break;
	case DEF_STRUCT:
		emit_struct(def);
		break;
	case DEF_TYPEDEF:
		emit_typedef(def);
		break;
	}
	print_trailer();
}

static int
findtype(def, type)
	definition *def;
	char	*type;
{

	if (def->def_kind == DEF_PROGRAM || def->def_kind == DEF_CONST) {
		return (0);
	} else {
		return (streq(def->def_name, type));
	}
}

static int
undefined(type)
	char	*type;
{
	definition *def;

	def = (definition *) FINDVAL(defined, type, findtype);
	return (def == NULL);
}

static void
print_generic_header(procname, pointerp)
	char	*procname;
	int	pointerp;
{
	fprintf(fout, "\n");
	fprintf(fout, "bool_t\n");
	if (Cflag) {
		fprintf(fout, "xdr_%s(", procname);
		fprintf(fout, "XDR *xdrs, ");
		fprintf(fout, "%s ", procname);
		if (pointerp)
			fprintf(fout, "*");
		fprintf(fout, "objp)\n{\n");
	} else {
		fprintf(fout, "xdr_%s(xdrs, objp)\n", procname);
		fprintf(fout, "\tXDR *xdrs;\n");
		fprintf(fout, "\t%s ", procname);
		if (pointerp)
			fprintf(fout, "*");
		fprintf(fout, "objp;\n{\n");
	}
}

static void
print_header(def)
	definition *def;
{
	print_generic_header(def->def_name,
	    def->def_kind != DEF_TYPEDEF ||
	    !isvectordef(def->def.ty.old_type, def->def.ty.rel));

	/* Now add Inline support */

	if (doinline == 0)
		return;
}

static void
print_prog_header(plist)
	proc_list *plist;
{
	print_generic_header(plist->args.argname, 1);
}

static void
print_trailer()
{
	fprintf(fout, "\treturn (TRUE);\n");
	fprintf(fout, "}\n");
}

static void
print_ifopen(indent, name)
	int     indent;
	char   *name;
{
	tabify(fout, indent);
	fprintf(fout, "if (!xdr_%s(xdrs", name);
}

static void
print_ifarg(arg)
	char   *arg;
{
	fprintf(fout, ", %s", arg);
}

static void
print_ifsizeof(prefix, type)
	char   *prefix;
	char   *type;
{
	if (streq(type, "bool")) {
		fprintf(fout, ", sizeof(bool_t), (xdrproc_t)xdr_bool");
	} else {
		fprintf(fout, ", sizeof(");
		if (undefined(type) && prefix) {
			fprintf(fout, "%s ", prefix);
		}
		fprintf(fout, "%s), (xdrproc_t)xdr_%s", type, type);
	}
}

static void
print_ifclose(indent)
	int     indent;
{
	fprintf(fout, "))\n");
	tabify(fout, indent);
	fprintf(fout, "\treturn (FALSE);\n");
}

static void
print_ifstat(indent, prefix, type, rel, amax, objname, name)
	int     indent;
	char   *prefix;
	char   *type;
	relation rel;
	char   *amax;
	char   *objname;
	char   *name;
{
	char   *alt = NULL;

	switch (rel) {
	case REL_POINTER:
		print_ifopen(indent, "pointer");
		print_ifarg("(char **)");
		fprintf(fout, "%s", objname);
		print_ifsizeof(prefix, type);
		break;
	case REL_VECTOR:
		if (streq(type, "string")) {
			alt = "string";
		} else
			if (streq(type, "opaque")) {
				alt = "opaque";
			}
		if (alt) {
			print_ifopen(indent, alt);
			print_ifarg(objname);
			print_ifarg(amax);
		} else {
			print_ifopen(indent, "vector");
			print_ifarg("(char *)");
			fprintf(fout, "%s,\n", objname);
			tabify(fout, indent);
			fprintf(fout, "    %s", amax);
		}
		if (!alt) {
			print_ifsizeof(prefix, type);
		}
		break;
	case REL_ARRAY:
		if (streq(type, "string")) {
			alt = "string";
		} else
			if (streq(type, "opaque")) {
				alt = "bytes";
			}
		if (streq(type, "string")) {
			print_ifopen(indent, alt);
			print_ifarg(objname);
			print_ifarg(amax);
		} else {
			if (alt) {
				print_ifopen(indent, alt);
			} else {
				print_ifopen(indent, "array");
			}
			print_ifarg("(char **)");
			if (*objname == '&') {
				fprintf(fout, "%s.%s_val,\n\t    (u_int *)%s.%s_len",
				    objname, name, objname, name);
			} else {
				fprintf(fout, "&%s->%s_val,\n\t    (u_int *)&%s->%s_len",
				    objname, name, objname, name);
			}
			fprintf(fout, ",\n\t    %s", amax);
		}
		if (!alt) {
			print_ifsizeof(prefix, type);
		}
		break;
	case REL_ALIAS:
		print_ifopen(indent, type);
		print_ifarg(objname);
		break;
	}
	print_ifclose(indent);
}

/* ARGSUSED */
static void
emit_enum(def)
	definition *def;
{
	fprintf(fout, "\n");

	print_ifopen(1, "enum");
	print_ifarg("(enum_t *)objp");
	print_ifclose(1);
}

static void
emit_program(def)
	definition *def;
{
	decl_list *dl;
	version_list *vlist;
	proc_list *plist;

	for (vlist = def->def.pr.versions; vlist != NULL; vlist = vlist->next)
		for (plist = vlist->procs; plist != NULL; plist = plist->next) {
			if (!newstyle || plist->arg_num < 2)
				continue;	/* old style, or single
						 * argument */
			print_prog_header(plist);
			for (dl = plist->args.decls; dl != NULL;
			    dl = dl->next)
				print_stat(1, &dl->decl);
			print_trailer();
		}
}

static void
emit_union(def)
	definition *def;
{
	declaration *dflt;
	case_list *cl;
	declaration *cs;
	char   *object;
	char   *vecformat = "objp->%s_u.%s";
	char   *format = "&objp->%s_u.%s";

	fprintf(fout, "\n");
	print_stat(1, &def->def.un.enum_decl);
	fprintf(fout, "\tswitch (objp->%s) {\n", def->def.un.enum_decl.name);
	for (cl = def->def.un.cases; cl != NULL; cl = cl->next) {
		fprintf(fout, "\tcase %s:\n", cl->case_name);
		if (cl->contflag == 1)	/* a continued case statement */
			continue;
		cs = &cl->case_decl;
		if (!streq(cs->type, "void")) {
			int len = strlen(def->def_name) + strlen(format) +
			    strlen(cs->name) + 1;

			object = alloc(len);
			if (object == NULL) {
				fprintf(stderr, "Fatal error: no memory\n");
				crash();
			}
			if (isvectordef(cs->type, cs->rel)) {
				snprintf(object, len, vecformat, def->def_name,
				    cs->name);
			} else {
				snprintf(object, len, format, def->def_name,
				    cs->name);
			}
			print_ifstat(2, cs->prefix, cs->type, cs->rel, cs->array_max,
			    object, cs->name);
			free(object);
		}
		fprintf(fout, "\t\tbreak;\n");
	}
	dflt = def->def.un.default_decl;
	if (dflt != NULL) {
		if (!streq(dflt->type, "void")) {
			int len = strlen(def->def_name) + strlen(format) +
			    strlen(dflt->name) + 1;

			fprintf(fout, "\tdefault:\n");
			object = alloc(len);
			if (object == NULL) {
				fprintf(stderr, "Fatal error: no memory\n");
				crash();
			}
			if (isvectordef(dflt->type, dflt->rel)) {
				snprintf(object, len, vecformat, def->def_name,
				    dflt->name);
			} else {
				snprintf(object, len, format, def->def_name,
				    dflt->name);
			}

			print_ifstat(2, dflt->prefix, dflt->type, dflt->rel,
			    dflt->array_max, object, dflt->name);
			free(object);
			fprintf(fout, "\t\tbreak;\n");
		}
	} else {
		fprintf(fout, "\tdefault:\n");
		fprintf(fout, "\t\treturn (FALSE);\n");
	}

	fprintf(fout, "\t}\n");
}

static void
emit_struct(def)
	definition *def;
{
	decl_list *dl;
	int     i, j, size, flag;
	decl_list *cur, *psav;
	bas_type *ptr;
	char   *sizestr, *plus;
	char    ptemp[256];
	int     can_inline;

	if (doinline == 0) {
		for (dl = def->def.st.decls; dl != NULL; dl = dl->next)
			print_stat(1, &dl->decl);
		return;
	}
	for (dl = def->def.st.decls; dl != NULL; dl = dl->next)
		if (dl->decl.rel == REL_VECTOR) {
			fprintf(fout, "\tint i;\n");
			break;
		}
	fprintf(fout, "\n");

	size = 0;
	can_inline = 0;
	for (dl = def->def.st.decls; dl != NULL; dl = dl->next)
		if (dl->decl.prefix == NULL &&
		    (ptr = find_type(dl->decl.type)) != NULL &&
		    (dl->decl.rel == REL_ALIAS || dl->decl.rel == REL_VECTOR)) {
			if (dl->decl.rel == REL_ALIAS)
				size += ptr->length;
			else {
				can_inline = 1;
				break;	/* can be inlined */
			}
		} else {
			if (size >= doinline) {
				can_inline = 1;
				break;	/* can be inlined */
			}
			size = 0;
		}
	if (size > doinline)
		can_inline = 1;

	if (can_inline == 0) {	/* can not inline, drop back to old mode */
		fprintf(fout, "\n");
		for (dl = def->def.st.decls; dl != NULL; dl = dl->next)
			print_stat(1, &dl->decl);
		return;
	}

	/* May cause lint to complain. but  ... */
	fprintf(fout, "\tint32_t *buf;\n");

	flag = PUT;
	for (j = 0; j < 2; j++) {
		if (flag == PUT)
			fprintf(fout, "\n\tif (xdrs->x_op == XDR_ENCODE) {\n");
		else
			fprintf(fout, "\t\treturn (TRUE);\n\t} else if (xdrs->x_op == XDR_DECODE) {\n");

		i = 0;
		size = 0;
		sizestr = NULL;
		for (dl = def->def.st.decls; dl != NULL; dl = dl->next) {	/* xxx */

			/* now walk down the list and check for basic types */
			if (dl->decl.prefix == NULL &&
			    (ptr = find_type(dl->decl.type)) != NULL &&
			    (dl->decl.rel == REL_ALIAS || dl->decl.rel == REL_VECTOR)) {
				if (i == 0)
					cur = dl;
				i++;

				if (dl->decl.rel == REL_ALIAS)
					size += ptr->length;
				else {
					/* this is required to handle arrays */

					if (sizestr == NULL)
						plus = "";
					else
						plus = "+";

					if (ptr->length != 1)
						snprintf(ptemp, sizeof ptemp,
						    "%s%s* %d", plus,
						    dl->decl.array_max,
						    ptr->length);
					else
						snprintf(ptemp, sizeof ptemp,
						    "%s%s", plus,
						    dl->decl.array_max);

					/* now concatenate to sizestr !!!! */
					if (sizestr == NULL) {
						sizestr = strdup(ptemp);
						if (sizestr == NULL) {
							fprintf(stderr,
							    "Fatal error: no memory\n");
							crash();
						}
					} else {
						size_t len;

						len = strlen(sizestr) +
						    strlen(ptemp) + 1;
						sizestr = (char *)realloc(sizestr, len);
						if (sizestr == NULL) {
							fprintf(stderr,
							    "Fatal error: no memory\n");
							crash();
						}
						/* build up length of array */
						strlcat(sizestr, ptemp, len);
					}
				}

			} else {
				if (i > 0) {
					if (sizestr == NULL && size < doinline) {
						/* don't expand into inline
						 * code if size < doinline */
						while (cur != dl) {
							print_stat(2, &cur->decl);
							cur = cur->next;
						}
					} else {
						/* were already looking at a
						 * xdr_inlineable structure */
						if (sizestr == NULL)
							fprintf(fout,
							    "\t\tbuf = (int32_t *)XDR_INLINE(xdrs,\n\t\t    %d * BYTES_PER_XDR_UNIT);", size);
						else if (size == 0)
							fprintf(fout,
							    "\t\tbuf = (int32_t *)XDR_INLINE(xdrs,\n\t\t    %s * BYTES_PER_XDR_UNIT);",
								    sizestr);
						else
							fprintf(fout,
							    "\t\tbuf = (int32_t *)XDR_INLINE(xdrs,\n\t\t    (%d + %s) * BYTES_PER_XDR_UNIT);", size, sizestr);

						fprintf(fout,
						    "\n\t\tif (buf == NULL) {\n");

						psav = cur;
						while (cur != dl) {
							print_stat(3, &cur->decl);
							cur = cur->next;
						}

						fprintf(fout, "\t\t} else {\n");

						cur = psav;
						while (cur != dl) {
							emit_inline(&cur->decl, flag);
							cur = cur->next;
						}
						fprintf(fout, "\t\t}\n");
					}
				}
				size = 0;
				i = 0;
				sizestr = NULL;
				print_stat(2, &dl->decl);
			}
		}
		if (i > 0) {
			if (sizestr == NULL && size < doinline) {
				/* don't expand into inline code if size <
				 * doinline */
				while (cur != dl) {
					print_stat(2, &cur->decl);
					cur = cur->next;
				}
			} else {
				/* were already looking at a xdr_inlineable
				 * structure */
				if (sizestr == NULL)
					fprintf(fout, "\t\tbuf = (int32_t *)XDR_INLINE(xdrs,\n\t\t    %d * BYTES_PER_XDR_UNIT);",
					    size);
				else
					if (size == 0)
						fprintf(fout,
						    "\t\tbuf = (int32_t *)XDR_INLINE(xdrs,\n\t\t    %s * BYTES_PER_XDR_UNIT);",
						    sizestr);
					else
						fprintf(fout,
						    "\t\tbuf = (int32_t *)XDR_INLINE(xdrs,\n\t\t    (%d + %s) * BYTES_PER_XDR_UNIT);",
						    size, sizestr);

				fprintf(fout, "\n\t\tif (buf == NULL) {\n");

				psav = cur;
				while (cur != NULL) {
					print_stat(3, &cur->decl);
					cur = cur->next;
				}
				fprintf(fout, "\t\t} else {\n");

				cur = psav;
				while (cur != dl) {
					emit_inline(&cur->decl, flag);
					cur = cur->next;
				}

				fprintf(fout, "\t\t}\n");

			}
		}
		flag = GET;
	}
	fprintf(fout, "\t\treturn (TRUE);\n\t}\n\n");

	/* now take care of XDR_FREE case */

	for (dl = def->def.st.decls; dl != NULL; dl = dl->next)
		print_stat(1, &dl->decl);
}

static void
emit_typedef(def)
	definition *def;
{
	char   *prefix = def->def.ty.old_prefix;
	char   *type = def->def.ty.old_type;
	char   *amax = def->def.ty.array_max;
	relation rel = def->def.ty.rel;

	fprintf(fout, "\n");
	print_ifstat(1, prefix, type, rel, amax, "objp", def->def_name);
}

static void
print_stat(indent, dec)
	declaration *dec;
	int     indent;
{
	char   *prefix = dec->prefix;
	char   *type = dec->type;
	char   *amax = dec->array_max;
	relation rel = dec->rel;
	char    name[256];

	if (isvectordef(type, rel)) {
		snprintf(name, sizeof name, "objp->%s", dec->name);
	} else {
		snprintf(name, sizeof name, "&objp->%s", dec->name);
	}
	print_ifstat(indent, prefix, type, rel, amax, name, dec->name);
}

char   *upcase(char *);

void
emit_inline(decl, flag)
	declaration *decl;
	int     flag;
{
	/*check whether an array or not */

	switch (decl->rel) {
	case REL_ALIAS:
		fprintf(fout, "\t");
		emit_single_in_line(decl, flag, REL_ALIAS);
		break;
	case REL_VECTOR:
		fprintf(fout, "\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t%s *genp;\n\n", decl->type);
		fprintf(fout, "\t\t\t\tfor (i = 0, genp = objp->%s;\n\t\t\t\t    i < %s; i++) {\n\t\t\t",
		    decl->name, decl->array_max);
		emit_single_in_line(decl, flag, REL_VECTOR);
		fprintf(fout, "\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n");

	}
}

void
emit_single_in_line(decl, flag, rel)
	declaration *decl;
	int     flag;
	relation rel;
{
	char   *upp_case;
	int     freed = 0;

	if (flag == PUT)
		fprintf(fout, "\t\tIXDR_PUT_");
	else
		if (rel == REL_ALIAS)
			fprintf(fout, "\t\tobjp->%s = IXDR_GET_", decl->name);
		else
			fprintf(fout, "\t\t*genp++ = IXDR_GET_");

	upp_case = upcase(decl->type);

	/* hack  - XX */
	if (strcmp(upp_case, "INT") == 0) {
		free(upp_case);
		freed = 1;
		upp_case = "LONG";
	}
	if (strcmp(upp_case, "U_INT") == 0) {
		free(upp_case);
		freed = 1;
		upp_case = "U_LONG";
	}
	if (flag == PUT)
		if (rel == REL_ALIAS)
			fprintf(fout, "%s(buf, objp->%s);\n", upp_case, decl->name);
		else
			fprintf(fout, "%s(buf, *genp++);\n", upp_case);

	else
		fprintf(fout, "%s(buf);\n", upp_case);
	if (!freed)
		free(upp_case);
}

char *
upcase(str)
	char   *str;
{
	char   *ptr, *hptr;

	ptr = (char *) malloc(strlen(str)+1);
	if (ptr == (char *) NULL) {
		fprintf(stderr, "malloc failed\n");
		exit(1);
	}

	hptr = ptr;
	while (*str != '\0')
		*ptr++ = toupper(*str++);

	*ptr = '\0';
	return (hptr);
}