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.\" $OpenBSD: xstr.1,v 1.12 2004/07/26 09:04:18 jmc Exp $
.\" $NetBSD: xstr.1,v 1.4 1994/11/26 09:25:22 jtc Exp $
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1993
.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
.\" without specific prior written permission.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.\" @(#)xstr.1 8.2 (Berkeley) 12/30/93
.\"
.Dd December 30, 1993
.Dt XSTR 1
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm xstr
.Nd "extract strings from C programs to implement shared strings"
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Nm xstr
.Op Fl cv
.Op Fl l Ar array
.Op Fl
.Op Ar file ...
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm
maintains a file
.Pa strings
into which strings in component parts of a large program are hashed.
These strings are replaced with references to this common area.
This serves to implement shared constant strings, most useful if they
are also read-only.
.Pp
The options are as follows:
.Bl -tag -width "-l arrayXX"
.It Fl
Cause
.Nm
to read from the standard input.
.It Fl c
.Nm
will extract the strings from the C source
.Ar file
or the standard input
.Pq Fl ,
replacing
string references by expressions of the form (&xstr[number])
for some number.
An appropriate declaration of
.Nm
is prepended to the file.
The resulting C text is placed in the file
.Pa x.c ,
to then be compiled.
The strings from this file are placed in the
.Pa strings
database if they are not there already.
Repeated strings and strings which are suffixes of existing strings
do not cause changes to the database.
.It Fl l Ar array
Specify the named array in program references to abstracted strings.
The default array name is
.Dq xstr .
.It Fl v
Be verbose.
.El
.Pp
After all components of a large program have been compiled, a file
.Pa xs.c
declaring the common
.Nm
space can be created by a command of the form:
.Pp
.Dl $ xstr
.Pp
The file
.Pa xs.c
should then be compiled and loaded with the rest
of the program.
If possible, the array can be made read-only (shared) saving
space and swap overhead.
.Pp
.Nm
can also be used on a single file.
The following command creates files
.Pa x.c
and
.Pa xs.c
as before, without using or affecting any
.Pa strings
file in the same directory:
.Pp
.Dl $ xstr name
.Pp
It may be useful to run
.Nm
after the C preprocessor if any macro definitions yield strings
or if there is conditional code which contains strings
which may not, in fact, be needed.
An appropriate command sequence for running
.Nm
after the C preprocessor is:
.Bd -literal -offset indent
$ cc -E name.c | xstr -c -
$ cc -c x.c
$ mv x.o name.o
.Ed
.Pp
.Nm
does not touch the file
.Pa strings
unless new items are added, so that
.Xr make 1
can avoid remaking
.Pa xs.o
unless truly necessary.
.Sh FILES
.Bl -tag -width /tmp/xsxx* -compact
.It Pa strings
database of strings
.It Pa x.c
massaged C source
.It Pa xs.c
C source for definition of array
.Dq xstr
.It Pa /tmp/xs*
temporary file when
.Dq xstr name
doesn't touch
.Pa strings
.El
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr mkstr 1
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
command appeared in
.Bx 3.0 .
.Sh BUGS
If a string is a suffix of another string in the database,
but the shorter string is seen first by
.Nm
both strings will be placed in the database, when just
placing the longer one there will do.
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