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.\" $OpenBSD: arp.8,v 1.33 2014/05/09 06:37:38 jmc Exp $
.\" $NetBSD: arp.8,v 1.7 1995/03/01 11:50:59 chopps Exp $
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 1985, 1991, 1993
.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
.\" without specific prior written permission.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.\" from: @(#)arp.8 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93
.\"
.Dd $Mdocdate: May 9 2014 $
.Dt ARP 8
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm arp
.Nd address resolution display and control
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Nm arp
.Op Fl adn
.Op Fl V Ar rdomain
.Ar hostname
.Nm arp
.Op Fl F
.Op Fl f Ar file
.Op Fl V Ar rdomain
.Fl s Ar hostname ether_addr
.Op Cm temp | permanent
.Op Cm pub
.Nm
.Fl W Ar ether_addr Op Ar iface
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
program displays and modifies the Internet-to-Ethernet address translation
tables used by the address resolution protocol (ARP).
.Pp
.Nm
displays the current ARP entry for
.Ar hostname
when no optional parameters are supplied.
.Ar hostname
may be specified by name or by number,
using Internet dot notation.
.Pp
.Nm
can also be used to send Wake on LAN (WoL) frames over a local
Ethernet network to one or more hosts using their link layer (hardware)
addresses.
WoL functionality is generally enabled in a machine's BIOS
and can be used to power on machines from a remote system without
having physical access to them.
.Pp
The options are as follows:
.Bl -tag -width Ds
.It Fl a
Display all of the current ARP entries.
See also the
.Fl d
option below.
.It Fl d
Delete an entry for the host called
.Ar hostname .
Alternatively, the
.Fl d
flag may be combined with the
.Fl a
flag to delete all entries, with hostname lookups automatically
disabled.
Only the superuser may delete entries.
.It Fl F
Force existing entries for the given host to be overwritten
(only relevant to the
.Fl f
and
.Fl s
options).
.It Fl f Ar file
Process entries from
.Ar file
to be set in the ARP tables.
Any entries in the file that already exist for a given host
will not be overwritten unless
.Fl F
is given.
Entries in the file should be of the form:
.Bd -filled -offset indent
.Ar hostname ether_addr
.Op Cm temp | permanent
.Op Cm pub
.Ed
.Pp
The entry will be static (will not time out) unless the word
.Cm temp
is given in the command.
A static ARP entry can be overwritten by network traffic, unless the word
.Cm permanent
is given.
If the word
.Cm pub
is given, the entry will be
.Dq published ;
that is, this system will act as an ARP server,
responding to requests for
.Ar hostname
even though the host address is not its own.
This behavior has traditionally been called
.Em proxy ARP .
.It Fl n
Show network addresses as numbers (normally
.Nm
attempts to display addresses symbolically).
.It Xo
.Fl s Ar hostname ether_addr
.Op Cm temp | permanent
.Op Cm pub
.Xc
Create an ARP entry for the host called
.Ar hostname
with the Ethernet address
.Ar ether_addr .
The Ethernet address is given as six hexadecimal bytes separated by
colons.
.Pp
The
.Cm permanent , pub ,
or
.Cm temp
modifiers may be specified with meanings as given above.
.Pp
If the entry already exists for the given host, it will not
be replaced unless
.Fl F
is given.
.It Fl V Ar rdomain
Select the routing domain.
.It Fl W Ar ether_addr Op Ar iface
Send the Wake on LAN frame from all interfaces on the local machine
that are up, if
.Ar iface
has not been specified.
Otherwise the frame will be sent from
.Ar iface .
.Ar ether_addr
is the Ethernet address of the remote machine or a hostname entry in
.Pa /etc/ethers .
This option cannot be used in combination with any other option.
.El
.Sh FILES
.Bl -tag -width "/etc/ethers" -compact
.It /etc/ethers
Ethernet host name database.
.El
.Sh EXAMPLES
View the current
.Xr arp 4
table,
showing network addresses symbolically:
.Pp
.Dl $ arp -a
.Pp
Create a permanent
entry (one that cannot be overwritten by other network traffic):
.Pp
.Dl # arp -s 10.0.0.2 00:90:27:bb:cc:dd permanent
.Pp
Create proxy ARP
entries on interface fxp0
(MAC address 00:90:27:bb:cc:dd),
for IP addresses 204.1.2.3 and 204.1.2.4:
.Bd -literal -offset indent
# arp -s 204.1.2.3 00:90:27:bb:cc:dd pub
# arp -s 204.1.2.4 00:90:27:bb:cc:dd pub
.Ed
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr inet_addr 3 ,
.Xr arp 4 ,
.Xr ethers 5 ,
.Xr ifconfig 8 ,
.Xr ndp 8
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
command appeared in
.Bx 4.3 .
Wake on LAN functionality was added in
.Ox 4.9 .
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