summaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
path: root/usr.sbin/bgpd/rde_attr.c
blob: 2d67efa829a942a375b504b929bbd76c67a5b322 (plain)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
/*	$OpenBSD: rde_attr.c,v 1.135 2024/09/10 09:38:45 claudio Exp $ */

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2004 Claudio Jeker <claudio@openbsd.org>
 * Copyright (c) 2016 Job Snijders <job@instituut.net>
 * Copyright (c) 2016 Peter Hessler <phessler@openbsd.org>
 *
 * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
 * purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
 * copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
 * WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
 * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
 * ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
 * WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
 * ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
 * OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
 */

#include <sys/queue.h>

#include <endian.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

#include "bgpd.h"
#include "rde.h"
#include "log.h"

int
attr_writebuf(struct ibuf *buf, uint8_t flags, uint8_t type, void *data,
    uint16_t data_len)
{
	u_char	hdr[4];

	flags &= ~ATTR_DEFMASK;
	if (data_len > 255) {
		flags |= ATTR_EXTLEN;
		hdr[2] = (data_len >> 8) & 0xff;
		hdr[3] = data_len & 0xff;
	} else {
		hdr[2] = data_len & 0xff;
	}

	hdr[0] = flags;
	hdr[1] = type;

	if (ibuf_add(buf, hdr, flags & ATTR_EXTLEN ? 4 : 3) == -1)
		return (-1);
	if (data != NULL && ibuf_add(buf, data, data_len) == -1)
		return (-1);
	return (0);
}

/* optional attribute specific functions */
struct attr	*attr_alloc(uint8_t, uint8_t, void *, uint16_t);
struct attr	*attr_lookup(uint8_t, uint8_t, void *, uint16_t);
void		 attr_put(struct attr *);

static inline int	 attr_diff(struct attr *, struct attr *);

RB_HEAD(attr_tree, attr)	attrtable = RB_INITIALIZER(&attr);
RB_GENERATE_STATIC(attr_tree, attr, entry, attr_diff);


void
attr_shutdown(void)
{
	if (!RB_EMPTY(&attrtable))
		log_warnx("%s: free non-free attr table", __func__);
}

int
attr_optadd(struct rde_aspath *asp, uint8_t flags, uint8_t type,
    void *data, uint16_t len)
{
	uint8_t		 l;
	struct attr	*a, *t;
	void		*p;

	/* known optional attributes were validated previously */
	if ((a = attr_lookup(flags, type, data, len)) == NULL)
		a = attr_alloc(flags, type, data, len);

	/* attribute allowed only once */
	for (l = 0; l < asp->others_len; l++) {
		if (asp->others[l] == NULL)
			break;
		if (type == asp->others[l]->type) {
			if (a->refcnt == 0)
				attr_put(a);
			return (-1);
		}
	}

	/* add attribute to the table but first bump refcnt */
	a->refcnt++;
	rdemem.attr_refs++;

	for (l = 0; l < asp->others_len; l++) {
		if (asp->others[l] == NULL) {
			asp->others[l] = a;
			return (0);
		}
		/* list is sorted */
		if (a->type < asp->others[l]->type) {
			t = asp->others[l];
			asp->others[l] = a;
			a = t;
		}
	}

	/* no empty slot found, need to realloc */
	if (asp->others_len == UCHAR_MAX)
		fatalx("attr_optadd: others_len overflow");

	asp->others_len++;
	if ((p = reallocarray(asp->others,
	    asp->others_len, sizeof(struct attr *))) == NULL)
		fatal("%s", __func__);
	asp->others = p;

	/* l stores the size of others before resize */
	asp->others[l] = a;
	return (0);
}

struct attr *
attr_optget(const struct rde_aspath *asp, uint8_t type)
{
	uint8_t l;

	for (l = 0; l < asp->others_len; l++) {
		if (asp->others[l] == NULL)
			break;
		if (type == asp->others[l]->type)
			return (asp->others[l]);
		if (type < asp->others[l]->type)
			break;
	}
	return (NULL);
}

void
attr_copy(struct rde_aspath *t, const struct rde_aspath *s)
{
	uint8_t l;

	if (t->others != NULL)
		attr_freeall(t);

	t->others_len = s->others_len;
	if (t->others_len == 0) {
		t->others = NULL;
		return;
	}

	if ((t->others = calloc(s->others_len, sizeof(struct attr *))) == 0)
		fatal("%s", __func__);

	for (l = 0; l < t->others_len; l++) {
		if (s->others[l] == NULL)
			break;
		s->others[l]->refcnt++;
		rdemem.attr_refs++;
		t->others[l] = s->others[l];
	}
}

static inline int
attr_diff(struct attr *oa, struct attr *ob)
{
	int	r;

	if (ob == NULL)
		return (1);
	if (oa == NULL)
		return (-1);
	if (oa->flags > ob->flags)
		return (1);
	if (oa->flags < ob->flags)
		return (-1);
	if (oa->type > ob->type)
		return (1);
	if (oa->type < ob->type)
		return (-1);
	if (oa->len > ob->len)
		return (1);
	if (oa->len < ob->len)
		return (-1);
	r = memcmp(oa->data, ob->data, oa->len);
	if (r > 0)
		return (1);
	if (r < 0)
		return (-1);
	return (0);
}

int
attr_compare(struct rde_aspath *a, struct rde_aspath *b)
{
	uint8_t l, min;

	min = a->others_len < b->others_len ? a->others_len : b->others_len;
	for (l = 0; l < min; l++)
		if (a->others[l] != b->others[l])
			return (attr_diff(a->others[l], b->others[l]));

	if (a->others_len < b->others_len) {
		for (; l < b->others_len; l++)
			if (b->others[l] != NULL)
				return (-1);
	} else if (a->others_len > b->others_len) {
		for (; l < a->others_len; l++)
			if (a->others[l] != NULL)
				return (1);
	}

	return (0);
}

void
attr_free(struct rde_aspath *asp, struct attr *attr)
{
	uint8_t l;

	for (l = 0; l < asp->others_len; l++)
		if (asp->others[l] == attr) {
			attr_put(asp->others[l]);
			for (++l; l < asp->others_len; l++)
				asp->others[l - 1] = asp->others[l];
			asp->others[asp->others_len - 1] = NULL;
			return;
		}

	/* no realloc() because the slot may be reused soon */
}

void
attr_freeall(struct rde_aspath *asp)
{
	uint8_t l;

	for (l = 0; l < asp->others_len; l++)
		attr_put(asp->others[l]);

	free(asp->others);
	asp->others = NULL;
	asp->others_len = 0;
}

struct attr *
attr_alloc(uint8_t flags, uint8_t type, void *data, uint16_t len)
{
	struct attr	*a;

	a = calloc(1, sizeof(struct attr));
	if (a == NULL)
		fatal("%s", __func__);
	rdemem.attr_cnt++;

	flags &= ~ATTR_DEFMASK;	/* normalize mask */
	a->flags = flags;
	a->type = type;
	a->len = len;
	if (len != 0) {
		if ((a->data = malloc(len)) == NULL)
			fatal("%s", __func__);

		rdemem.attr_dcnt++;
		rdemem.attr_data += len;
		memcpy(a->data, data, len);
	} else
		a->data = NULL;

	if (RB_INSERT(attr_tree, &attrtable, a) != NULL)
		fatalx("corrupted attr tree");

	return (a);
}

struct attr *
attr_lookup(uint8_t flags, uint8_t type, void *data, uint16_t len)
{
	struct attr		needle;

	flags &= ~ATTR_DEFMASK;	/* normalize mask */

	needle.flags = flags;
	needle.type = type;
	needle.len = len;
	needle.data = data;
	return RB_FIND(attr_tree, &attrtable, &needle);
}

void
attr_put(struct attr *a)
{
	if (a == NULL)
		return;

	rdemem.attr_refs--;
	if (--a->refcnt > 0)
		/* somebody still holds a reference */
		return;

	/* unlink */
	RB_REMOVE(attr_tree, &attrtable, a);

	if (a->len != 0)
		rdemem.attr_dcnt--;
	rdemem.attr_data -= a->len;
	rdemem.attr_cnt--;
	free(a->data);
	free(a);
}

/* aspath specific functions */

static uint16_t aspath_count(const void *, uint16_t);
static uint32_t aspath_extract_origin(const void *, uint16_t);
static uint16_t aspath_countlength(struct aspath *, uint16_t, int);
static void	 aspath_countcopy(struct aspath *, uint16_t, uint8_t *,
		    uint16_t, int);

int
aspath_compare(struct aspath *a1, struct aspath *a2)
{
	int r;

	if (a1->len > a2->len)
		return (1);
	if (a1->len < a2->len)
		return (-1);
	r = memcmp(a1->data, a2->data, a1->len);
	if (r > 0)
		return (1);
	if (r < 0)
		return (-1);
	return (0);
}

struct aspath *
aspath_get(void *data, uint16_t len)
{
	struct aspath		*aspath;

	aspath = malloc(ASPATH_HEADER_SIZE + len);
	if (aspath == NULL)
		fatal("%s", __func__);

	rdemem.aspath_cnt++;
	rdemem.aspath_size += ASPATH_HEADER_SIZE + len;

	aspath->len = len;
	aspath->ascnt = aspath_count(data, len);
	aspath->source_as = aspath_extract_origin(data, len);
	if (len != 0)
		memcpy(aspath->data, data, len);

	return (aspath);
}

struct aspath *
aspath_copy(struct aspath *a)
{
	struct aspath		*aspath;

	aspath = malloc(ASPATH_HEADER_SIZE + a->len);
	if (aspath == NULL)
		fatal("%s", __func__);

	rdemem.aspath_cnt++;
	rdemem.aspath_size += ASPATH_HEADER_SIZE + a->len;

	memcpy(aspath, a,  ASPATH_HEADER_SIZE + a->len);

	return (aspath);
}

void
aspath_put(struct aspath *aspath)
{
	if (aspath == NULL)
		return;

	rdemem.aspath_cnt--;
	rdemem.aspath_size -= ASPATH_HEADER_SIZE + aspath->len;
	free(aspath);
}

/*
 * convert a 4 byte aspath to a 2 byte one.
 */
u_char *
aspath_deflate(u_char *data, uint16_t *len, int *flagnew)
{
	uint8_t		*seg, *nseg, *ndata = NULL;
	uint32_t	 as;
	int		 i;
	uint16_t	 seg_size, olen, nlen;
	uint8_t		 seg_len;

	/* first calculate the length of the aspath */
	nlen = 0;
	seg = data;
	olen = *len;
	for (; olen > 0; olen -= seg_size, seg += seg_size) {
		seg_len = seg[1];
		seg_size = 2 + sizeof(uint32_t) * seg_len;
		nlen += 2 + sizeof(uint16_t) * seg_len;

		if (seg_size > olen)
			fatalx("%s: would overflow", __func__);
	}

	if (nlen == 0)
		goto done;

	if ((ndata = malloc(nlen)) == NULL)
		fatal("%s", __func__);

	/* then copy the aspath */
	seg = data;
	olen = *len;
	for (nseg = ndata; seg < data + olen; seg += seg_size) {
		*nseg++ = seg[0];
		*nseg++ = seg_len = seg[1];
		seg_size = 2 + sizeof(uint32_t) * seg_len;

		for (i = 0; i < seg_len; i++) {
			as = aspath_extract(seg, i);
			if (as > USHRT_MAX) {
				as = AS_TRANS;
				*flagnew = 1;
			}
			*nseg++ = (as >> 8) & 0xff;
			*nseg++ = as & 0xff;
		}
	}

 done:
	*len = nlen;
	return (ndata);
}

void
aspath_merge(struct rde_aspath *a, struct attr *attr)
{
	uint8_t		*np;
	uint16_t	 ascnt, diff, nlen, difflen;
	int		 hroom = 0;

	ascnt = aspath_count(attr->data, attr->len);
	if (ascnt > a->aspath->ascnt) {
		/* ASPATH is shorter then AS4_PATH no way to merge */
		attr_free(a, attr);
		return;
	}

	diff = a->aspath->ascnt - ascnt;
	if (diff && attr->len > 2 && attr->data[0] == AS_SEQUENCE)
		hroom = attr->data[1];
	difflen = aspath_countlength(a->aspath, diff, hroom);
	nlen = attr->len + difflen;

	if ((np = malloc(nlen)) == NULL)
		fatal("%s", __func__);

	/* copy head from old aspath */
	aspath_countcopy(a->aspath, diff, np, difflen, hroom);

	/* copy tail from new aspath */
	if (hroom > 0)
		memcpy(np + nlen - attr->len + 2, attr->data + 2,
		    attr->len - 2);
	else
		memcpy(np + nlen - attr->len, attr->data, attr->len);

	aspath_put(a->aspath);
	a->aspath = aspath_get(np, nlen);
	free(np);
	attr_free(a, attr);
}

uint32_t
aspath_neighbor(struct aspath *aspath)
{
	/*
	 * Empty aspath is OK -- internal AS route.
	 * Additionally the RFC specifies that if the path starts with an
	 * AS_SET the neighbor AS is also the local AS.
	 */
	if (aspath->len == 0 ||
	    aspath->data[0] != AS_SEQUENCE)
		return (rde_local_as());
	return (aspath_extract(aspath->data, 0));
}

static uint16_t
aspath_count(const void *data, uint16_t len)
{
	const uint8_t	*seg;
	uint16_t	 cnt, seg_size;
	uint8_t		 seg_type, seg_len;

	cnt = 0;
	seg = data;
	for (; len > 0; len -= seg_size, seg += seg_size) {
		seg_type = seg[0];
		seg_len = seg[1];
		seg_size = 2 + sizeof(uint32_t) * seg_len;

		if (seg_type == AS_SET)
			cnt += 1;
		else
			cnt += seg_len;

		if (seg_size > len)
			fatalx("%s: would overflow", __func__);
	}
	return (cnt);
}

/*
 * The origin AS number derived from a Route as follows:
 * o  the rightmost AS in the final segment of the AS_PATH attribute
 *    in the Route if that segment is of type AS_SEQUENCE, or
 * o  the BGP speaker's own AS number if that segment is of type
 *    AS_CONFED_SEQUENCE or AS_CONFED_SET or if the AS_PATH is empty,
 * o  the distinguished value "NONE" if the final segment of the
 *    AS_PATH attribute is of any other type.
 */
static uint32_t
aspath_extract_origin(const void *data, uint16_t len)
{
	const uint8_t	*seg;
	uint32_t	 as = AS_NONE;
	uint16_t	 seg_size;
	uint8_t		 seg_len;

	/* AS_PATH is empty */
	if (len == 0)
		return (rde_local_as());

	seg = data;
	for (; len > 0; len -= seg_size, seg += seg_size) {
		seg_len = seg[1];
		seg_size = 2 + sizeof(uint32_t) * seg_len;

		if (len == seg_size && seg[0] == AS_SEQUENCE) {
			as = aspath_extract(seg, seg_len - 1);
		}
		if (seg_size > len)
			fatalx("%s: would overflow", __func__);
	}
	return (as);
}

static uint16_t
aspath_countlength(struct aspath *aspath, uint16_t cnt, int headcnt)
{
	const uint8_t	*seg;
	uint16_t	 seg_size, len, clen;
	uint8_t		 seg_type = 0, seg_len = 0;

	seg = aspath->data;
	clen = 0;
	for (len = aspath->len; len > 0 && cnt > 0;
	    len -= seg_size, seg += seg_size) {
		seg_type = seg[0];
		seg_len = seg[1];
		seg_size = 2 + sizeof(uint32_t) * seg_len;

		if (seg_type == AS_SET)
			cnt -= 1;
		else if (seg_len > cnt) {
			seg_len = cnt;
			clen += 2 + sizeof(uint32_t) * cnt;
			break;
		} else
			cnt -= seg_len;

		clen += seg_size;

		if (seg_size > len)
			fatalx("%s: would overflow", __func__);
	}
	if (headcnt > 0 && seg_type == AS_SEQUENCE && headcnt + seg_len < 256)
		/* no need for additional header from the new aspath. */
		clen -= 2;

	return (clen);
}

static void
aspath_countcopy(struct aspath *aspath, uint16_t cnt, uint8_t *buf,
    uint16_t size, int headcnt)
{
	const uint8_t	*seg;
	uint16_t	 seg_size, len;
	uint8_t		 seg_type, seg_len;

	if (headcnt > 0)
		/*
		 * additional room because we steal the segment header
		 * from the other aspath
		 */
		size += 2;
	seg = aspath->data;
	for (len = aspath->len; len > 0 && cnt > 0;
	    len -= seg_size, seg += seg_size) {
		seg_type = seg[0];
		seg_len = seg[1];
		seg_size = 2 + sizeof(uint32_t) * seg_len;

		if (seg_type == AS_SET)
			cnt -= 1;
		else if (seg_len > cnt) {
			seg_len = cnt + headcnt;
			seg_size = 2 + sizeof(uint32_t) * cnt;
			cnt = 0;
		} else {
			cnt -= seg_len;
			if (cnt == 0)
				seg_len += headcnt;
		}

		memcpy(buf, seg, seg_size);
		buf[0] = seg_type;
		buf[1] = seg_len;
		buf += seg_size;
		if (size < seg_size)
			fatalx("%s: would overflow", __func__);
		size -= seg_size;
	}
}

int
aspath_loopfree(struct aspath *aspath, uint32_t myAS)
{
	uint8_t		*seg;
	uint16_t	 len, seg_size;
	uint8_t		 i, seg_len;

	seg = aspath->data;
	for (len = aspath->len; len > 0; len -= seg_size, seg += seg_size) {
		seg_len = seg[1];
		seg_size = 2 + sizeof(uint32_t) * seg_len;

		for (i = 0; i < seg_len; i++) {
			if (myAS == aspath_extract(seg, i))
				return (0);
		}

		if (seg_size > len)
			fatalx("%s: would overflow", __func__);
	}
	return (1);
}

static int
as_compare(struct filter_as *f, uint32_t as, uint32_t neighas)
{
	uint32_t match;

	if (f->flags & AS_FLAG_AS_SET_NAME)	/* should not happen */
		return (0);
	if (f->flags & AS_FLAG_AS_SET)
		return (as_set_match(f->aset, as));

	if (f->flags & AS_FLAG_NEIGHBORAS)
		match = neighas;
	else
		match = f->as_min;

	switch (f->op) {
	case OP_NONE:
	case OP_EQ:
		if (as == match)
			return (1);
		break;
	case OP_NE:
		if (as != match)
			return (1);
		break;
	case OP_RANGE:
		if (as >= f->as_min && as <= f->as_max)
			return (1);
		break;
	case OP_XRANGE:
		if (as < f->as_min || as > f->as_max)
			return (1);
		break;
	}
	return (0);
}

/* we need to be able to search more than one as */
int
aspath_match(struct aspath *aspath, struct filter_as *f, uint32_t neighas)
{
	const uint8_t	*seg;
	int		 final;
	uint16_t	 len, seg_size;
	uint8_t		 i, seg_len;
	uint32_t	 as = AS_NONE;

	if (f->type == AS_EMPTY) {
		if (aspath_length(aspath) == 0)
			return (1);
		else
			return (0);
	}

	/* just check the leftmost AS */
	if (f->type == AS_PEER) {
		as = aspath_neighbor(aspath);
		if (as_compare(f, as, neighas))
			return (1);
		else
			return (0);
	}

	seg = aspath->data;
	len = aspath->len;
	for (; len >= 6; len -= seg_size, seg += seg_size) {
		seg_len = seg[1];
		seg_size = 2 + sizeof(uint32_t) * seg_len;

		final = (len == seg_size);

		if (f->type == AS_SOURCE) {
			/*
			 * Just extract the rightmost AS
			 * but if that segment is an AS_SET then the rightmost
			 * AS of a previous AS_SEQUENCE segment should be used.
			 * Because of that just look at AS_SEQUENCE segments.
			 */
			if (seg[0] == AS_SEQUENCE)
				as = aspath_extract(seg, seg_len - 1);
			/* not yet in the final segment */
			if (!final)
				continue;
			if (as_compare(f, as, neighas))
				return (1);
			else
				return (0);
		}
		/* AS_TRANSIT or AS_ALL */
		for (i = 0; i < seg_len; i++) {
			/*
			 * the source (rightmost) AS is excluded from
			 * AS_TRANSIT matches.
			 */
			if (final && i == seg_len - 1 && f->type == AS_TRANSIT)
				return (0);
			as = aspath_extract(seg, i);
			if (as_compare(f, as, neighas))
				return (1);
		}

		if (seg_size > len)
			fatalx("%s: would overflow", __func__);
	}
	return (0);
}

/*
 * Returns a new prepended aspath. Old needs to be freed by caller.
 */
u_char *
aspath_prepend(struct aspath *asp, uint32_t as, int quantum, uint16_t *len)
{
	u_char		*p;
	int		 l, overflow = 0, shift = 0, size, wpos = 0;
	uint8_t		 type;

	/* lunatic prepends are blocked in the parser and limited */

	/* first calculate new size */
	if (asp->len > 0) {
		if (asp->len < 2)
			fatalx("aspath_prepend: bad aspath length");
		type = asp->data[0];
		size = asp->data[1];
	} else {
		/* empty as path */
		type = AS_SET;
		size = 0;
	}

	if (quantum > 255)
		fatalx("aspath_prepend: preposterous prepend");
	if (quantum == 0) {
		/* no change needed but return a copy */
		if (asp->len == 0) {
			*len = 0;
			return (NULL);
		}
		p = malloc(asp->len);
		if (p == NULL)
			fatal("%s", __func__);
		memcpy(p, asp->data, asp->len);
		*len = asp->len;
		return (p);
	} else if (type == AS_SET || size + quantum > 255) {
		/* need to attach a new AS_SEQUENCE */
		l = 2 + quantum * sizeof(uint32_t) + asp->len;
		if (type == AS_SET)
			overflow = quantum;
		else
			overflow = size + quantum - 255;
	} else
		l = quantum * sizeof(uint32_t) + asp->len;

	quantum -= overflow;

	p = malloc(l);
	if (p == NULL)
		fatal("%s", __func__);

	/* first prepends */
	as = htonl(as);
	if (overflow > 0) {
		p[wpos++] = AS_SEQUENCE;
		p[wpos++] = overflow;

		for (; overflow > 0; overflow--) {
			memcpy(p + wpos, &as, sizeof(uint32_t));
			wpos += sizeof(uint32_t);
		}
	}
	if (quantum > 0) {
		shift = 2;
		p[wpos++] = AS_SEQUENCE;
		p[wpos++] = quantum + size;

		for (; quantum > 0; quantum--) {
			memcpy(p + wpos, &as, sizeof(uint32_t));
			wpos += sizeof(uint32_t);
		}
	}
	if (asp->len > shift)
		memcpy(p + wpos, asp->data + shift, asp->len - shift);

	*len = l;
	return (p);
}

/*
 * Returns a new aspath where neighbor_as is replaced by local_as.
 */
u_char *
aspath_override(struct aspath *asp, uint32_t neighbor_as, uint32_t local_as,
    uint16_t *len)
{
	u_char		*p, *seg, *nseg;
	uint32_t	 as;
	uint16_t	 l, seg_size;
	uint8_t		 i, seg_len, seg_type;

	if (asp->len == 0) {
		*len = 0;
		return (NULL);
	}

	p = malloc(asp->len);
	if (p == NULL)
		fatal("%s", __func__);

	seg = asp->data;
	nseg = p;
	for (l = asp->len; l > 0; l -= seg_size, seg += seg_size) {
		*nseg++ = seg_type = seg[0];
		*nseg++ = seg_len = seg[1];
		seg_size = 2 + sizeof(uint32_t) * seg_len;

		for (i = 0; i < seg_len; i++) {
			as = aspath_extract(seg, i);
			if (as == neighbor_as)
				as = local_as;
			as = htonl(as);
			memcpy(nseg, &as, sizeof(as));
			nseg += sizeof(as);
		}

		if (seg_size > l)
			fatalx("%s: would overflow", __func__);
	}

	*len = asp->len;
	return (p);
}

int
aspath_lenmatch(struct aspath *a, enum aslen_spec type, u_int aslen)
{
	uint8_t		*seg;
	uint32_t	 as, lastas = 0;
	u_int		 count = 0;
	uint16_t	 len, seg_size;
	uint8_t		 i, seg_len, seg_type;

	if (type == ASLEN_MAX) {
		if (aslen < aspath_count(a->data, a->len))
			return (1);
		else
			return (0);
	}

	/* type == ASLEN_SEQ */
	seg = a->data;
	for (len = a->len; len > 0; len -= seg_size, seg += seg_size) {
		seg_type = seg[0];
		seg_len = seg[1];
		seg_size = 2 + sizeof(uint32_t) * seg_len;

		for (i = 0; i < seg_len; i++) {
			as = aspath_extract(seg, i);
			if (as == lastas) {
				if (aslen < ++count)
					return (1);
			} else if (seg_type == AS_SET) {
				/* AS path 3 { 4 3 7 } 3 will have count = 3 */
				continue;
			} else
				count = 1;
			lastas = as;
		}

		if (seg_size > len)
			fatalx("%s: would overflow", __func__);
	}
	return (0);
}