path: root/usr.sbin/snmpd/snmpd.conf.5

.\" $OpenBSD: snmpd.conf.5,v 1.64 2024/02/06 12:39:13 martijn Exp $
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 2007, 2008, 2012 Reyk Floeter <reyk@openbsd.org>
.\"
.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
.\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
.\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
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.\" WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
.\" MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
.\" ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
.\" WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
.\" ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
.\" OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
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.Dd $Mdocdate: February 6 2024 $
.Dt SNMPD.CONF 5
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm snmpd.conf
.Nd SNMP daemon configuration file
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm
is the configuration file for the
.Xr snmpd 8
daemon.
.Pp
The
.Nm
file is divided into the following main sections:
.Bl -tag -width xxxx
.It Sy Macros
User-defined variables may be defined and used later, simplifying the
configuration file.
.It Sy Global Configuration
Global runtime settings for
.Xr snmpd 8 .
.It Sy User Configuration
USM user definitions.
.It Sy OID Configuration
Custom configuration of SNMP object identifiers and values.
.El
.Pp
The current line can be extended over multiple lines using a backslash
.Pq Sq \e .
Comments can be put anywhere in the file using a hash mark
.Pq Sq # ,
and extend to the end of the current line.
Care should be taken when commenting out multi-line text:
the comment is effective until the end of the entire block.
.Pp
Argument names not beginning with a letter, digit, or underscore
must be quoted.
.Pp
Additional configuration files can be included with the
.Ic include
keyword, for example:
.Bd -literal -offset indent
include "/etc/snmpd.conf.local"
.Ed
.Sh MACROS
Macros can be defined that will later be expanded in context.
Macro names must start with a letter, digit, or underscore,
and may contain any of those characters.
Macro names may not be reserved words (for example,
.Ic community ,
.Ic system ,
or
.Ic oid ) .
Macros are not expanded inside quotes.
.Pp
For example:
.Bd -literal -offset indent
ext_addr="192.168.0.1"
listen on $ext_addr
.Ed
.Sh GLOBAL CONFIGURATION
The following options can be set globally:
.Bl -tag -width Ds
.It Ic blocklist Ar oid
Remove the
.Ar oid
subtree from view.
Multiple
.Ic blocklist
statements are supported.
.It Ic filter-routes Pq Ic yes | no
If set to
.Ic yes ,
ask the kernel to filter route update messages on the routing socket.
Routing table information will not be available, but CPU use will be
reduced during bulk updates.
The default is
.Ic no .
.It Ic listen on Oo Ic tcp | udp Oc Ar address Oo Ic port Ar port Oc Op Ar flags
Specify the local
.Ar address
.Xr snmpd 8
should listen on for incoming SNMP messages,
or
.Cm any
to listen on all local IPv4 and IPv6 addresses.
Multiple
.Ic listen on
statements are supported.
If no
.Ic listen on
statement is present, the default is
.Ic listen on Cm any .
.Pp
The
.Ar flags
are as follows:
.Bl -tag -width Ds
.It Ic read
Accept get, getnext and bulkget requests.
.It Ic write
Accepts set requests.
.It Ic notify
Accepts trapv1 and trapv2 requests.
.It Ic snmpv1
Enable SNMPv1 subsystem on the listen address.
.It Ic snmpv2c
Enable SNMPv2c subsystem on the listen address.
.It Ic snmpv3
Enable SNMPv3 subsystem on the listen address.
.El
.Pp
The default protocol is
.Ic udp .
The default
.Ar port
is 161, unless
.Ic notify
is the only permission flag; which sets the
.Ar port
to 162.
If no permission flags are specified it defaults to
.Dq Ic read Ic write ,
or
.Ic notify
when
.Ar port
is 162.
If no subsystem flags are specified, it defaults to
.Ic snmpv3 .
.Pp
Having
.Ic notify
set requires at least one
.Ic trap handle
statement.
.It Ic agentx Oo Ic path Ar path Oc Oo Ic owner Ar owner Oc Oo Ic group Ar group Oc Oo Ic mode Ar mode Oc
Set up an agentx master socket at
.Ar path
and defaults to
.Pa /var/agentx/master .
Socket owner, group, and permissions can be set with
.Ar owner ,
.Ar group ,
and
.Ar mode
respectively and defaults to root, _agentx, and 660.
Multiple
.Ic agentx
statements are supported.
Only unix sockets are supported.
.It Ic engineid Oo Ic pen Ar enterprise Oc Ar format
Set the snmp engineid, used for instance identification and key
generation for the
.Ic user
.Ar auth
and
.Ar key .
.Ar enterprise
specifies the private enterprise number of the instance and can be either an
integer or
.Ic openbsd
.Pq default .
.Pp
.Ar format
can be one of the following:
.Bl -tag -width Ds
.It Ic ipv4 Ar address
The engineID's format identifier is set to 1 and the ipv4
.Ar address
is used in the format.
.It Ic ipv6 Ar address
The engineID's format identifier is set to 2 and the ipv6
.Ar address
is used in the format.
.It Ic mac Ar address
The engineID's format identifier is set to 3 and the mac
.Ar address
is used in the format.
.It Ic text Ar text
The engineID's format identifier is set to 4 and the ASCII
.Ar text
is used in the format.
.It Ic octets Ar octetstring
The engineID's format identifier is set to 5 and the
.Ar octetstring
in hexadecimal is used in the format.
.It Ic hosthash Op Ar hostname
The engineID's format identifier is set to 129 and the first 27 bytes of the
sha256 hash of the
.Ar hostname
are used in the format.
This option is only valid for
.Ar enterprise
.Ic openbsd .
If used for the local engineID, then
.Ar hostname
defaults to the value of
.Xr hostname 1 .
This format is the default.
.It Ar number Ar octetstring
The engineID's format identifier is set to
.Ar number
and the
.Ar octetstring
in hexadecimal is used in the format.
This format is only available if
.Ar enterprise
is not
.Ic openbsd .
.It Ic agentid Ar octetstring
RFC1910 legacy format.
.Ar octetstring
must be 8 bytes
.Pq or 16 characters in hexadecimal format .
.El
.It Ic mib directory Ar path
Specify which directories to recursively search for MIB files.
Multiple directories can be specified.
If no directory is specified it defaults to
.Pa /usr/share/snmp/mibs .
.It Ic read-only community Ar string
Specify the name of the read-only community.
There is no default value.
.It Ic read-write Ic community Ar string
Specify the name of the read-write community.
There is no default value.
.It Ic seclevel Pq Ic none | auth | enc
Specify the lowest security level that
.Xr snmpd 8
accepts on SNMPv3:
.Bl -tag -width "auth" -offset ident
.It Ic none
Both authentication and encryption of messages is optional.
.It Ic auth
Authentication of messages is mandatory.
.Xr snmpd 8
will discard any messages that don't have a valid digest.
Encryption of messages is optional.
.It Ic enc
Messages must be encrypted and must have a valid digest for authentication.
Otherwise they will be discarded.
This is the default value.
.El
.It Ic system contact Ar string
Specify the name or description of the system contact, typically a
name or an email address.
The default value is
.Ar root@hostname
using the hostname of the local machine.
.It Ic system description Ar string
Specify a description of the local system.
The default value is the operating system identification as printed by the
.Xr uname 1
command using the
.Fl a
flag:
.Bd -literal -offset indent
OpenBSD myhost.example.com 4.2 GENERIC#595 i386
.Ed
.It Ic system location Ar string
Specify the string describing the location of the local system,
typically a physical location.
The default value is an empty string.
.It Ic system name Ar string
Specify the name of the local system, typically a fully-qualified
domain name.
The default value is the hostname of the local system.
.It Ic system oid Ar oid-string
Specify the authoritative identification of the local system.
The default value is
.Ar 1.3.6.1.4.1.30155.23.1
.Pq iso.org.dod.internet.private.enterprises.openbsd.23.1
identifying a common
.Ox
system.
.It Ic system services Ar number
Specify a magic value which indicates the set of services that the local
system may provide.
Refer to the
.Ar sysServices
description in the SNMP MIB for details.
The value is given in decimal.
.\"XXX describe the complicated services alg here
.It Ic trap community Ar string
Specify the name of the trap community.
There is no default value.
.It Ic trap handle Ar oid Qq Ar command
Execute
.Ic command
upon receipt of an SNMP trap that begins with a prefix of
.Ic oid .
Alternately, the string
.Qq Ic default
may be used, in which case the prefix used is
.Ic 1.3 .
The invoked
.Ar command
will receive the following information about the trap on standard input,
one per line, in this order:
the resolved hostname of the host sending the trap,
the IP address of the host sending the trap,
and any variable bindings contained in the trap
(the OID followed by the value, separated by a single space).
This option requires at least one
.Ic listen on
statement with a
.Ic notify
flag set.
Traps over SNMPv3 are currently unsupported.
.It Xo
.Ic trap receiver Ar address
.Op Ic oid Ar oid-string
.Ic snmpv2c
.Op Ic community Ar string
.Op Ic source-address Ar address
.Xc
Specify the
.Ar address
or FQDN of a remote trap receiver for outgoing traps
sent by
.Xr snmpd 8 .
This option may be specified multiple times.
The daemon will send outgoing traps in
.Ic snmpv2c
format.
The default community is specified by the global
.Ic trap community
option.
The IPv4 or IPv6 source address of the traps can be enforced using
.It Xo
.Ic trap receiver Ar address
.Op Ic oid Ar oid-string
.Op Ic snmpv3
.Ic user Ar name Oo Ic seclevel Ar level Oc
.Op Ic source-address Ar address
.Xc
Specify the
.Ar address
or FQDN of a remote trap receiver for outgoing traps
sent by
.Xr snmpd 8 .
This option may be specified multiple times.
The daemon will send outgoing traps in
.Ic snmpv3
format.
.Ic user
must point to an existing global
.Ic user .
If
.Ic seclevel
is not defined, it defaults to the global
.Ic seclevel
option.
The IPv4 or IPv6 source address of the traps can be enforced using
.Ic source-address .
.El
.Sh USER CONFIGURATION
Users for the SNMP User-based Security Model (USM, RFC 3414) must be
defined in the configuration file:
.Bl -tag -width xxxx
.It Xo
.Ic user Ar name
.Op Ic authkey Ar key Ic auth Ar hmac
.Op Ic enckey Ar key Ic enc Ar cipher
.Xc
Defines a known user.
The
.Ic authkey
keyword is required to specify the digest key used to authenticate
messages.
If this keyword is omitted then authentication is disabled
for this user account.
Optionally the HMAC algorithm used for authentication can be specified.
.Ar hmac
must be either
.Ic hmac-md5 ,
.Ic hmac-sha1 ,
.Ic hmac-sha224 ,
.Ic hmac-sha256 ,
.Ic hmac-sha384 ,
or
.Ic hmac-sha512 .
If omitted, the default is
.Ic hmac-sha1 .
.Pp
With
.Ic enckey
the encryption key used to encrypt and decrypt messages for privacy is defined.
Without an
.Ic enckey
specification the user account will neither accept encrypted incoming
messages nor will it encrypt outgoing messages.
The
.Ar enc
algorithm can be either
.Ic des
or
.Ic aes
and defaults to
.Ic aes .
.Pp
Any user account that has encryption enabled requires authentication to
be enabled too.
.El
.Sh OID CONFIGURATION
It is possible to specify user-defined OIDs in the configuration file:
.Bl -tag -width Ds
.It Xo
.Ic oid Ar oid-string
.Ic name Ar name
.Op Ic read-only | read-write
.Op Ar type
.Ar value
.Xc
Return the specified value to the client for this OID.
The
.Ic read-write
option may allow the client to override it,
and the type is either
.Ic string
or
.Ic integer .
.El
.Sh FILES
.Bl -tag -width /etc/examples/snmpd.conf -compact
.It Pa /etc/snmpd.conf
Default location of the configuration file.
.It Pa /etc/examples/snmpd.conf
Example configuration file.
.El
.Sh EXAMPLES
The following example will tell
.Xr snmpd 8
to listen on localhost for SNMPv2c messages only with the community
.Dq 8LHQtm1QLGzk ,
override the default system OID, set the magic services value,
and provide some custom OID values:
.Bd -literal -offset indent
listen on 127.0.0.1 snmpv2c
read-only community 8LHQtm1QLGzk

system oid 1.3.6.1.4.1.30155.23.2
system services 74

oid 1.3.6.1.4.1.30155.42.1 name myName read-only string "humppa"
oid 1.3.6.1.4.1.30155.42.2 name myStatus read-only integer 1
.Ed
.Pp
The next example will enforce SNMPv3 with authenticated and encrypted
communication and the user-based security model.
The configuration defines several users using varying encryption and
authentication algorithms.
.Bd -literal -offset indent
seclevel enc

user "mgmt" auth hmac-sha256 authkey "password123" enc aes enckey "321drowssap"
user "hans" auth hmac-sha1 authkey "password456" enc aes enckey "654drowssap"
user "sophie" auth hmac-md5 authkey "password789" enc des enckey "987drowssap"
.Ed
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr snmp 1 ,
.Xr snmpd 8
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
file format first appeared in
.Ox 4.3 .
.Sh AUTHORS
The
.Xr snmpd 8
program was written by
.An Reyk Floeter Aq Mt reyk@openbsd.org .