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+'\" t
+.\" Copyright \(co 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1994, 1996 X Consortium
+.\"
+.\" Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+.\" a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
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+.\" distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+.\" permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+.\" the following conditions:
+.\"
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+.\" in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+.\"
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+.\" OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
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+.\" ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR
+.\" OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+.\"
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+.\" not be used in advertising or otherwise to promote the sale, use or
+.\" other dealings in this Software without prior written authorization
+.\" from the X Consortium.
+.\"
+.\" Copyright \(co 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991 by
+.\" Digital Equipment Corporation
+.\"
+.\" Portions Copyright \(co 1990, 1991 by
+.\" Tektronix, Inc.
+.\"
+.\" Permission to use, copy, modify and distribute this documentation for
+.\" any purpose and without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+.\" copyright notice appears in all copies and that both that copyright notice
+.\" and this permission notice appear in all copies, and that the names of
+.\" Digital and Tektronix not be used in in advertising or publicity pertaining
+.\" to this documentation without specific, written prior permission.
+.\" Digital and Tektronix makes no representations about the suitability
+.\" of this documentation for any purpose.
+.\" It is provided ``as is'' without express or implied warranty.
+.\" 
+.\" $XFree86: xc/doc/man/X11/XCreGC.man,v 1.6 2003/04/28 22:17:54 herrb Exp $
+.\" $XdotOrg: lib/X11/man/XCreateGC.man,v 1.2 2004-04-23 18:42:09 eich Exp $
+.\"
+.ds xT X Toolkit Intrinsics \- C Language Interface
+.ds xW Athena X Widgets \- C Language X Toolkit Interface
+.ds xL Xlib \- C Language X Interface
+.ds xC Inter-Client Communication Conventions Manual
+.na
+.de Ds
+.nf
+.\\$1D \\$2 \\$1
+.ft 1
+.\".ps \\n(PS
+.\".if \\n(VS>=40 .vs \\n(VSu
+.\".if \\n(VS<=39 .vs \\n(VSp
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+.de De
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+.if \\n(BD .DF
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+.in \\n(OIu
+.if \\n(TM .ls 2
+.sp \\n(DDu
+.fi
+..
+.de FD
+.LP
+.KS
+.TA .5i 3i
+.ta .5i 3i
+.nf
+..
+.de FN
+.fi
+.KE
+.LP
+..
+.de IN		\" send an index entry to the stderr
+..
+.de C{
+.KS
+.nf
+.D
+.\"
+.\"	choose appropriate monospace font
+.\"	the imagen conditional, 480,
+.\"	may be changed to L if LB is too
+.\"	heavy for your eyes...
+.\"
+.ie "\\*(.T"480" .ft L
+.el .ie "\\*(.T"300" .ft L
+.el .ie "\\*(.T"202" .ft PO
+.el .ie "\\*(.T"aps" .ft CW
+.el .ft R
+.ps \\n(PS
+.ie \\n(VS>40 .vs \\n(VSu
+.el .vs \\n(VSp
+..
+.de C}
+.DE
+.R
+..
+.de Pn
+.ie t \\$1\fB\^\\$2\^\fR\\$3
+.el \\$1\fI\^\\$2\^\fP\\$3
+..
+.de ZN
+.ie t \fB\^\\$1\^\fR\\$2
+.el \fI\^\\$1\^\fP\\$2
+..
+.de hN
+.ie t <\fB\\$1\fR>\\$2
+.el <\fI\\$1\fP>\\$2
+..
+.de NT
+.ne 7
+.ds NO Note
+.if \\n(.$>$1 .if !'\\$2'C' .ds NO \\$2
+.if \\n(.$ .if !'\\$1'C' .ds NO \\$1
+.ie n .sp
+.el .sp 10p
+.TB
+.ce
+\\*(NO
+.ie n .sp
+.el .sp 5p
+.if '\\$1'C' .ce 99
+.if '\\$2'C' .ce 99
+.in +5n
+.ll -5n
+.R
+..
+.		\" Note End -- doug kraft 3/85
+.de NE
+.ce 0
+.in -5n
+.ll +5n
+.ie n .sp
+.el .sp 10p
+..
+.ny0
+'\" t
+.TH XCreateGC __libmansuffix__ __xorgversion__ "XLIB FUNCTIONS"
+.SH NAME
+XCreateGC, XCopyGC, XChangeGC, XGetGCValues, XFreeGC, XGContextFromGC, XGCValues \- create or free graphics contexts and graphics context structure
+.SH SYNTAX
+.HP
+GC XCreateGC\^(\^Display *\fIdisplay\fP\^, Drawable \fId\fP\^, unsigned long
+\fIvaluemask\fP\^, XGCValues *\^\fIvalues\fP\^); 
+.HP
+int XCopyGC\^(\^Display *\fIdisplay\fP\^, GC \fIsrc\fP\^, GC \fIdest\fP\^,
+unsigned long \fIvaluemask\fP\^); 
+.HP
+int XChangeGC\^(\^Display *\fIdisplay\fP\^, GC \fIgc\fP\^, unsigned long
+\fIvaluemask\fP\^, XGCValues *\^\fIvalues\fP\^); 
+.HP
+Status XGetGCValues\^(\^Display *\fIdisplay\fP\^, GC \fIgc\fP\^, unsigned long
+\fIvaluemask\fP\^, XGCValues *\fIvalues_return\fP\^); 
+.HP
+int XFreeGC\^(\^Display *\fIdisplay\fP\^, GC \fIgc\fP\^); 
+.HP
+GContext XGContextFromGC\^(\^GC \fIgc\fP\^); 
+.SH ARGUMENTS
+.IP \fId\fP 1i
+Specifies the drawable. 
+.IP \fIdest\fP 1i
+Specifies the destination GC.
+.IP \fIdisplay\fP 1i
+Specifies the connection to the X server.
+.IP \fIgc\fP 1i
+Specifies the GC.
+.IP \fIsrc\fP 1i
+Specifies the components of the source GC.
+.ds Vm set, copied, changed, or returned 
+.IP \fIvaluemask\fP 1i
+Specifies which components in the GC are to be \*(Vm. 
+This argument is the bitwise inclusive OR of zero or more of the valid
+GC component mask bits.
+.IP \fIvalues\fP 1i
+Specifies any values as specified by the valuemask.
+.IP \fIvalues_return\fP 1i
+Returns the GC values in the specified
+.ZN XGCValues 
+structure.
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+The
+.ZN XCreateGC
+function creates a graphics context and returns a GC.
+The GC can be used with any destination drawable having the same root
+and depth as the specified drawable.
+Use with other drawables results in a
+.ZN BadMatch
+error.
+.LP
+.ZN XCreateGC
+can generate
+.ZN BadAlloc ,
+.ZN BadDrawable ,
+.ZN BadFont ,
+.ZN BadMatch ,
+.ZN BadPixmap ,
+and
+.ZN BadValue 
+errors.
+.LP
+The
+.ZN XCopyGC
+function copies the specified components from the source GC
+to the destination GC.
+The source and destination GCs must have the same root and depth,
+or a
+.ZN BadMatch
+error results.
+The valuemask specifies which component to copy, as for
+.ZN XCreateGC .
+.LP
+.ZN XCopyGC
+can generate
+.ZN BadAlloc ,
+.ZN BadGC ,
+and
+.ZN BadMatch
+errors.
+.LP
+The
+.ZN XChangeGC
+function changes the components specified by valuemask for
+the specified GC.
+The values argument contains the values to be set.
+The values and restrictions are the same as for 
+.ZN XCreateGC .
+Changing the clip-mask overrides any previous 
+.ZN XSetClipRectangles
+request on the context. 
+Changing the dash-offset or dash-list
+overrides any previous 
+.ZN XSetDashes
+request on the context.
+The order in which components are verified and altered is server dependent.
+If an error is generated, a subset of the components may have been altered.
+.LP
+.ZN XChangeGC
+can generate
+.ZN BadAlloc ,
+.ZN BadFont ,
+.ZN BadGC ,
+.ZN BadMatch ,
+.ZN BadPixmap ,
+and
+.ZN BadValue 
+errors.
+.LP
+The
+.ZN XGetGCValues
+function returns the components specified by valuemask for the specified GC.
+If the valuemask contains a valid set of GC mask bits
+.Pn ( GCFunction ,
+.ZN GCPlaneMask ,
+.ZN GCForeground ,
+.ZN GCBackground ,
+.ZN GCLineWidth ,
+.ZN GCLineStyle ,
+.ZN GCCapStyle ,
+.ZN GCJoinStyle ,
+.ZN GCFillStyle ,
+.ZN GCFillRule ,
+.ZN GCTile ,
+.ZN GCStipple ,
+.ZN GCTileStipXOrigin ,
+.ZN GCTileStipYOrigin ,
+.ZN GCFont ,
+.ZN GCSubwindowMode ,
+.ZN GCGraphicsExposures ,
+.ZN GCClipXOrigin ,
+.ZN GCCLipYOrigin ,
+.ZN GCDashOffset ,
+or
+.ZN GCArcMode )
+and no error occurs,
+.ZN XGetGCValues
+sets the requested components in values_return and returns a nonzero status.
+Otherwise, it returns a zero status.
+Note that the clip-mask and dash-list (represented by the
+.ZN GCClipMask
+and 
+.ZN GCDashList
+bits, respectively, in the valuemask)
+cannot be requested.
+Also note that an invalid resource ID (with one or more of the three
+most significant bits set to 1) will be returned for
+.ZN GCFont ,
+.ZN GCTile ,
+and
+.ZN GCStipple
+if the component has never been explicitly set by the client.
+.LP
+The
+.ZN XFreeGC
+function destroys the specified GC as well as all the associated storage.
+.LP
+.ZN XFreeGC
+can generate a
+.ZN BadGC 
+error.
+.SH STRUCTURES
+The
+.ZN XGCValues
+structure contains:
+.LP
+.LP
+/\(** GC attribute value mask bits */
+.TS
+lw(.5i) lw(2.5i) lw(.75i).
+T{
+\&#define
+T}	T{
+.ZN GCFunction
+T}	T{
+(1L<<0)
+T}
+T{
+\&#define
+T}	T{
+.ZN GCPlaneMask
+T}	T{
+(1L<<1)
+T}
+T{
+\&#define
+T}	T{
+.ZN GCForeground
+T}	T{
+(1L<<2)
+T}
+T{
+\&#define
+T}	T{
+.ZN GCBackground
+T}	T{
+(1L<<3)
+T}
+T{
+\&#define
+T}	T{
+.ZN GCLineWidth
+T}	T{
+(1L<<4)
+T}
+T{
+\&#define
+T}	T{
+.ZN GCLineStyle
+T}	T{
+(1L<<5)
+T}
+T{
+\&#define
+T}	T{
+.ZN GCCapStyle
+T}	T{
+(1L<<6)
+T}
+T{
+\&#define
+T}	T{
+.ZN GCJoinStyle
+T}	T{
+(1L<<7)
+T}
+T{
+\&#define
+T}	T{
+.ZN GCFillStyle
+T}	T{
+(1L<<8)
+T}
+T{
+\&#define
+T}	T{
+.ZN GCFillRule
+T}	T{
+(1L<<9)
+T}
+T{
+\&#define
+T}	T{
+.ZN GCTile
+T}	T{
+(1L<<10)
+T}
+T{
+\&#define
+T}	T{
+.ZN GCStipple
+T}	T{
+(1L<<11)
+T}
+T{
+\&#define
+T}	T{
+.ZN GCTileStipXOrigin
+T}	T{
+(1L<<12)
+T}
+T{
+\&#define
+T}	T{
+.ZN GCTileStipYOrigin
+T}	T{
+(1L<<13)
+T}
+T{
+\&#define
+T}	T{
+.ZN GCFont
+T}	T{
+(1L<<14)
+T}
+T{
+\&#define
+T}	T{
+.ZN GCSubwindowMode
+T}	T{
+(1L<<15)
+T}
+T{
+\&#define
+T}	T{
+.ZN GCGraphicsExposures
+T}	T{
+(1L<<16)
+T}
+T{
+\&#define
+T}	T{
+.ZN GCClipXOrigin
+T}	T{
+(1L<<17)
+T}
+T{
+\&#define
+T}	T{
+.ZN GCClipYOrigin
+T}	T{
+(1L<<18)
+T}
+T{
+\&#define
+T}	T{
+.ZN GCClipMask
+T}	T{
+(1L<<19)
+T}
+T{
+\&#define
+T}	T{
+.ZN GCDashOffset
+T}	T{
+(1L<<20)
+T}
+T{
+\&#define
+T}	T{
+.ZN GCDashList
+T}	T{
+(1L<<21)
+T}
+T{
+\&#define
+T}	T{
+.ZN GCArcMode
+T}	T{
+(1L<<22)
+T}
+.TE
+.IN "XGCValues" "" "@DEF@"
+.Ds 0
+.TA .5i 3i
+.ta .5i 3i
+/\(** Values */
+
+typedef struct {
+	int function;	/\(** logical operation */
+	unsigned long plane_mask;	/\(** plane mask */
+	unsigned long foreground;	/\(** foreground pixel */
+	unsigned long background;	/\(** background pixel */
+	int line_width;	/\(** line width (in pixels) */
+	int line_style;	/\(** LineSolid, LineOnOffDash, LineDoubleDash */
+	int cap_style;	/\(** CapNotLast, CapButt, CapRound, CapProjecting */
+	int join_style;	/\(** JoinMiter, JoinRound, JoinBevel */
+	int fill_style;	/\(** FillSolid, FillTiled, FillStippled FillOpaqueStippled*/
+	int fill_rule;	/\(** EvenOddRule, WindingRule */
+	int arc_mode;	/\(** ArcChord, ArcPieSlice */
+	Pixmap tile;	/\(** tile pixmap for tiling operations */
+	Pixmap stipple;	/\(** stipple 1 plane pixmap for stippling */
+	int ts_x_origin;	/\(** offset for tile or stipple operations */
+	int ts_y_origin;
+	Font font;	/\(** default text font for text operations */
+	int subwindow_mode;	/\(** ClipByChildren, IncludeInferiors */
+	Bool graphics_exposures;	/\(** boolean, should exposures be generated */
+	int clip_x_origin;	/\(** origin for clipping */
+	int clip_y_origin;
+	Pixmap clip_mask;	/\(** bitmap clipping; other calls for rects */
+	int dash_offset;	/\(** patterned/dashed line information */
+	char dashes;
+} XGCValues;
+.De
+.LP
+The function attributes of a GC are used when you update a section of
+a drawable (the destination) with bits from somewhere else (the source).  
+The function in a GC defines how the new destination bits are to be
+computed from the source bits and the old destination bits.
+.ZN GXcopy
+is typically the most useful because it will work on a color display,
+but special applications may use other functions,
+particularly in concert with particular planes of a color display.
+The 16 GC functions, defined in 
+.hN X11/X.h ,
+are:
+.\" are listed in Table 5-1 along with the 
+.\"the associated hexadecimal code
+.\" and operation.
+.\".CP T 1
+.\"Display Functions
+.TS H
+lw(1.5i) cw(.5i) lw(2i).
+_
+.sp 6p
+.B
+Function Name	Value	Operation
+.sp 6p
+_
+.sp 6p
+.TH
+T{
+.ZN GXclear
+T}	T{
+0x0
+T}	T{
+0
+T}
+T{
+.ZN GXand
+T}	T{
+0x1
+T}	T{
+src AND dst
+T}
+T{
+.ZN GXandReverse
+T}	T{
+0x2
+T}	T{
+src AND NOT dst
+T}
+T{
+.ZN GXcopy
+T}	T{
+0x3
+T}	T{
+src
+T}
+T{
+.ZN GXandInverted
+T}	T{
+0x4
+T}	T{
+(NOT src) AND dst
+T}
+T{
+.ZN GXnoop
+T}	T{
+0x5
+T}	T{
+dst
+T}
+T{
+.ZN GXxor
+T}	T{
+0x6
+T}	T{
+src XOR dst
+T}
+T{
+.ZN GXor
+T}	T{
+0x7
+T}	T{
+src OR dst
+T}
+T{
+.ZN GXnor
+T}	T{
+0x8
+T}	T{
+(NOT src) AND (NOT dst)
+T}
+T{
+.ZN GXequiv
+T}	T{
+0x9
+T}	T{
+(NOT src) XOR dst
+T}
+T{
+.ZN GXinvert
+T}	T{
+0xa
+T}	T{
+NOT dst
+T}
+T{
+.ZN GXorReverse
+T}	T{
+0xb
+T}	T{
+src OR (NOT dst)
+T}
+T{
+.ZN GXcopyInverted
+T}	T{
+0xc
+T}	T{
+NOT src
+T}
+T{
+.ZN GXorInverted
+T}	T{
+0xd
+T}	T{
+(NOT src) OR dst
+T}
+T{
+.ZN GXnand
+T}	T{
+0xe
+T}	T{
+(NOT src) OR (NOT dst)
+T}
+T{
+.ZN GXset
+T}	T{
+0xf
+T}	T{
+1
+T}
+.sp 6p
+_
+.TE
+.LP
+Many graphics operations depend on either pixel values or planes in a GC.
+.IN "Pixel value"
+The planes attribute is of type long, and it specifies which planes of the
+destination are to be modified, one bit per plane.
+.IN "Plane" "mask"
+A monochrome display has only one plane and
+will be the least significant bit of the word.
+As planes are added to the display hardware, they will occupy more
+significant bits in the plane mask.
+.LP
+In graphics operations, given a source and destination pixel, 
+the result is computed bitwise on corresponding bits of the pixels.
+That is, a Boolean operation is performed in each bit plane.  
+The plane_mask restricts the operation to a subset of planes.
+A macro constant
+.ZN AllPlanes
+can be used to refer to all planes of the screen simultaneously.
+The result is computed by the following:
+.LP
+.Ds 
+((src FUNC dst) AND plane-mask) OR (dst AND (NOT plane-mask))
+.De
+.LP
+Range checking is not performed on the values for foreground,
+background, or plane_mask.
+They are simply truncated to the appropriate
+number of bits.
+The line-width is measured in pixels and either can be greater than or equal to
+one (wide line) or can be the special value zero (thin line).
+.LP
+Wide lines are drawn centered on the path described by the graphics request.
+Unless otherwise specified by the join-style or cap-style,
+the bounding box of a wide line with endpoints [x1, y1], [x2, y2] and
+width w is a rectangle with vertices at the following real coordinates:
+.LP
+.Ds
+.TA .5i 2.5i
+.ta .5i 2.5i
+[x1-(w*sn/2), y1+(w*cs/2)], [x1+(w*sn/2), y1-(w*cs/2)],
+[x2-(w*sn/2), y2+(w*cs/2)], [x2+(w*sn/2), y2-(w*cs/2)]
+.De
+.LP
+Here sn is the sine of the angle of the line,
+and cs is the cosine of the angle of the line.
+A pixel is part of the line and so is drawn
+if the center of the pixel is fully inside the bounding box
+(which is viewed as having infinitely thin edges).
+If the center of the pixel is exactly on the bounding box,
+it is part of the line if and only if the interior is immediately to its right
+(x increasing direction).
+Pixels with centers on a horizontal edge are a special case and are part of
+the line if and only if the interior or the boundary is immediately below 
+(y increasing direction) and the interior or the boundary is immediately
+to the right (x increasing direction).
+.LP
+Thin lines (zero line-width) are one-pixel-wide lines drawn using an
+unspecified, device-dependent algorithm.
+There are only two constraints on this algorithm. 
+.IP 1. 5
+If a line is drawn unclipped from [x1,y1] to [x2,y2] and
+if another line is drawn unclipped from [x1+dx,y1+dy] to [x2+dx,y2+dy],
+a point [x,y] is touched by drawing the first line 
+if and only if the point [x+dx,y+dy] is touched by drawing the second line.
+.IP 2. 5
+The effective set of points comprising a line cannot be affected by clipping.
+That is, a point is touched in a clipped line if and only if the point 
+lies inside the clipping region and the point would be touched
+by the line when drawn unclipped.
+.LP
+A wide line drawn from [x1,y1] to [x2,y2] always draws the same pixels 
+as a wide line drawn from [x2,y2] to [x1,y1], not counting cap-style 
+and join-style.
+It is recommended that this property be true for thin lines, 
+but this is not required.
+A line-width of zero may differ from a line-width of one in which pixels are
+drawn.
+This permits the use of many manufacturers' line drawing hardware,
+which may run many times faster than the more precisely specified
+wide lines.
+.LP
+In general, 
+drawing a thin line will be faster than drawing a wide line of width one.
+However, because of their different drawing algorithms,
+thin lines may not mix well aesthetically with wide lines.
+If it is desirable to obtain precise and uniform results across all displays,
+a client should always use a line-width of one rather than a line-width of zero.
+.LP
+The line-style defines which sections of a line are drawn:
+.TS
+lw(1.3i) lw(4.5i).
+T{
+.ZN LineSolid
+T}	T{
+The full path of the line is drawn.
+T}
+.sp 6p
+T{
+.ZN LineDoubleDash
+T}	T{
+The full path of the line is drawn, 
+but the even dashes are filled differently 
+from the odd dashes (see fill-style) with
+.ZN CapButt 
+style used where even and odd dashes meet.
+T}
+.sp 6p
+T{
+.ZN LineOnOffDash
+T}	T{
+Only the even dashes are drawn,
+and cap-style applies to 
+all internal ends of the individual dashes,
+except 
+.ZN CapNotLast
+is treated as 
+.ZN CapButt . 
+T}
+.TE
+.LP
+The cap-style defines how the endpoints of a path are drawn:
+.IN "Graphics context" "path"
+.TS
+lw(1.3i) lw(4.5i).
+T{
+.ZN CapNotLast
+T}	T{
+This is equivalent to 
+.ZN CapButt  
+except that for a line-width of zero the final endpoint is not drawn.
+T}
+.sp 6p
+T{
+.ZN CapButt
+T}	T{
+The line is square at the endpoint (perpendicular to the slope of the line)
+with no projection beyond.
+T}
+.sp 6p
+T{
+.ZN CapRound
+T}	T{
+The line has a circular arc with the diameter equal to the line-width,
+centered on the endpoint.
+(This is equivalent to 
+.ZN CapButt 
+for line-width of zero).
+T}
+.sp 6p
+T{
+.ZN CapProjecting
+T}	T{
+The line is square at the end, but the path continues beyond the endpoint 
+for a distance equal to half the line-width.
+(This is equivalent to 
+.ZN CapButt 
+for line-width of zero).
+T}
+.TE
+.LP
+The join-style defines how corners are drawn for wide lines:
+.TS
+lw(1.3i) lw(4.5i).
+T{
+.ZN JoinMiter
+T}	T{
+The outer edges of two lines extend to meet at an angle.
+However, if the angle is less than 11 degrees,
+then a
+.ZN JoinBevel
+join-style is used instead.
+T}
+.sp 6p
+T{
+.ZN JoinRound
+T}	T{
+The corner is a circular arc with the diameter equal to the line-width, 
+centered on the joinpoint.
+T}
+.sp 6p
+T{
+.ZN JoinBevel
+T}	T{
+The corner has
+.ZN CapButt 
+endpoint styles with the triangular notch filled.
+T}
+.TE
+.LP
+For a line with coincident endpoints (x1=x2, y1=y2), 
+when the cap-style is applied to both endpoints, 
+the semantics depends on the line-width and the cap-style:
+.TS
+lw(1.3i) lw(.5i) lw(4i).
+T{
+.ZN CapNotLast
+T}	T{
+thin
+T}	T{
+The results are device dependent, 
+but the desired effect is that nothing is drawn.
+T}
+.sp 6p
+T{
+.ZN CapButt
+T}	T{
+thin
+T}	T{
+The results are device dependent, 
+but the desired effect is that a single pixel is drawn.
+T}
+.sp 6p
+T{
+.ZN CapRound
+T}	T{
+thin
+T}	T{
+The results are the same as for
+.ZN CapButt /thin.
+T}
+.sp 6p
+T{
+.ZN CapProjecting
+T}	T{
+thin
+T}	T{
+The results are the same as for
+.ZN CapButt /thin.
+T}
+.sp 6p
+T{
+.ZN CapButt
+T}	T{
+wide
+T}	T{
+Nothing is drawn.
+T}
+.sp 6p
+T{
+.ZN CapRound
+T}	T{
+wide
+T}	T{
+The closed path is a circle, centered at the endpoint, and
+with the diameter equal to the line-width.
+T}
+.sp 6p
+T{
+.ZN CapProjecting
+T}	T{
+wide
+T}	T{
+The closed path is a square, aligned with the coordinate axes, centered at the
+endpoint, and with the sides equal to the line-width.
+T}
+.TE
+.LP
+For a line with coincident endpoints (x1=x2, y1=y2), 
+when the join-style is applied at one or both endpoints, 
+the effect is as if the line was removed from the overall path.
+However, if the total path consists of or is reduced to a single point joined
+with itself, the effect is the same as when the cap-style is applied at both
+endpoints.
+.LP
+The tile/stipple represents an infinite two-dimensional plane,
+with the tile/stipple replicated in all dimensions.
+When that plane is superimposed on the drawable
+for use in a graphics operation, the upper-left corner
+of some instance of the tile/stipple is at the coordinates within
+the drawable specified by the tile/stipple origin.
+The tile/stipple and clip origins are interpreted relative to the
+origin of whatever destination drawable is specified in a graphics
+request.
+The tile pixmap must have the same root and depth as the GC,
+or a
+.ZN BadMatch 
+error results.
+The stipple pixmap must have depth one and must have the same root as the
+GC, or a 
+.ZN BadMatch 
+error results.  
+For stipple operations where the fill-style is
+.ZN FillStippled
+but not 
+.ZN FillOpaqueStippled ,
+the stipple pattern is tiled in a
+single plane and acts as an additional clip mask to be ANDed with the clip-mask.
+Although some sizes may be faster to use than others,
+any size pixmap can be used for tiling or stippling.
+.LP
+The fill-style defines the contents of the source for line, text, and
+fill requests.  
+For all text and fill requests (for example,
+.ZN XDrawText , 
+.ZN XDrawText16 ,
+.ZN XFillRectangle , 
+.ZN XFillPolygon , 
+and
+.ZN XFillArc );
+for line requests 
+with line-style 
+.ZN LineSolid 
+(for example,
+.ZN XDrawLine ,
+.ZN XDrawSegments , 
+.ZN XDrawRectangle ,
+.ZN XDrawArc );
+and for the even dashes for line requests with line-style 
+.ZN LineOnOffDash 
+or 
+.ZN LineDoubleDash ,
+the following apply:
+.TS
+lw(1.8i) lw(4i).
+T{
+.ZN FillSolid
+T}	T{
+Foreground
+T}
+.sp 6p
+T{
+.ZN FillTiled
+T}	T{
+Tile
+T}
+.sp 6p
+T{
+.ZN FillOpaqueStippled
+T}	T{
+A tile with the same width and height as stipple,
+but with background everywhere stipple has a zero
+and with foreground everywhere stipple has a one
+T}
+.sp 6p
+T{
+.ZN FillStippled
+T}	T{
+Foreground masked by stipple
+T}
+.TE
+.LP
+When drawing lines with line-style
+.ZN LineDoubleDash ,
+the odd dashes are controlled by the fill-style in the following manner:
+.TS
+lw(1.8i) lw(4i).
+T{
+.ZN FillSolid
+T}	T{
+Background
+T}
+.sp 6p
+T{
+.ZN FillTiled
+T}	T{
+Same as for even dashes
+T}
+.sp 6p
+T{
+.ZN FillOpaqueStippled
+T}	T{
+Same as for even dashes
+T}
+.sp 6p
+T{
+.ZN FillStippled
+T}	T{
+Background masked by stipple
+T}
+.TE
+.LP
+Storing a pixmap in a GC might or might not result in a copy
+being made.
+If the pixmap is later used as the destination for a graphics request,
+the change might or might not be reflected in the GC.
+If the pixmap is used simultaneously in a graphics request both as
+a destination and as a tile or stipple,
+the results are undefined.
+.LP
+For optimum performance,
+you should draw as much as possible with the same GC 
+(without changing its components).
+The costs of changing GC components relative to using different GCs
+depend on the display hardware and the server implementation.
+It is quite likely that some amount of GC information will be
+cached in display hardware and that such hardware can only cache a small number
+of GCs.
+.LP
+The dashes value is actually a simplified form of the
+more general patterns that can be set with 
+.ZN XSetDashes .  
+Specifying a
+value of N is equivalent to specifying the two-element list [N, N] in 
+.ZN XSetDashes . 
+The value must be nonzero,
+or a
+.ZN BadValue
+error results.
+.LP
+The clip-mask restricts writes to the destination drawable.  
+If the clip-mask is set to a pixmap,
+it must have depth one and have the same root as the GC,
+or a
+.ZN BadMatch 
+error results.
+If clip-mask is set to
+.ZN None ,
+the pixels are always drawn regardless of the clip origin.
+The clip-mask also can be set by calling the
+.ZN XSetClipRectangles
+or
+.ZN XSetRegion
+functions.
+Only pixels where the clip-mask has a bit set to 1 are drawn.  
+Pixels are not drawn outside the area covered by the clip-mask 
+or where the clip-mask has a bit set to 0.
+The clip-mask affects all graphics requests.
+The clip-mask does not clip sources.
+The clip-mask origin is interpreted relative to the origin of whatever
+destination drawable is specified in a graphics request.
+.LP
+You can set the subwindow-mode to
+.ZN ClipByChildren
+or
+.ZN IncludeInferiors .
+For 
+.ZN ClipByChildren , 
+both source and destination windows are
+additionally clipped by all viewable 
+.ZN InputOutput
+children.  
+For 
+.ZN IncludeInferiors ,
+neither source nor destination window is clipped by inferiors. 
+This will result in including subwindow contents in the source
+and drawing through subwindow boundaries of the destination.
+The use of 
+.ZN IncludeInferiors 
+on a window of one depth with mapped
+inferiors of differing depth is not illegal, but the semantics are
+undefined by the core protocol.
+.LP
+The fill-rule defines what pixels are inside (drawn) for
+paths given in 
+.ZN XFillPolygon 
+requests and can be set to 
+.ZN EvenOddRule 
+or
+.ZN WindingRule .
+For
+.ZN EvenOddRule ,
+a point is inside if
+an infinite ray with the point as origin crosses the path an odd number
+of times.  
+For 
+.ZN WindingRule , 
+a point is inside if an infinite ray with the
+point as origin crosses an unequal number of clockwise and
+counterclockwise directed path segments.
+A clockwise directed path segment is one that crosses the ray from left to
+right as observed from the point.
+A counterclockwise segment is one that crosses the ray from right to left
+as observed from the point.
+The case where a directed line segment is coincident with the ray is
+uninteresting because you can simply choose a different ray that is not
+coincident with a segment.
+.LP
+For both 
+.ZN EvenOddRule
+and
+.ZN WindingRule ,
+a point is infinitely small, 
+and the path is an infinitely thin line.  
+A pixel is inside if the center point of the pixel is inside
+and the center point is not on the boundary.  
+If the center point is on the boundary,
+the pixel is inside if and only if the polygon interior is immediately to
+its right (x increasing direction).  
+Pixels with centers on a horizontal edge are a special case 
+and are inside if and only if the polygon interior is immediately below 
+(y increasing direction).
+.LP
+The arc-mode controls filling in the 
+.ZN XFillArcs
+function and can be set to
+.ZN ArcPieSlice
+or
+.ZN ArcChord .
+For
+.ZN ArcPieSlice ,
+the arcs are pie-slice filled.
+For
+.ZN ArcChord ,
+the arcs are chord filled.
+.LP
+The graphics-exposure flag controls 
+.ZN GraphicsExpose 
+event generation
+for 
+.ZN XCopyArea 
+and 
+.ZN XCopyPlane
+requests (and any similar requests defined by extensions).
+.SH DIAGNOSTICS
+.TP 1i
+.ZN BadAlloc
+The server failed to allocate the requested resource or server memory.
+.TP 1i
+.ZN BadDrawable
+A value for a Drawable argument does not name a defined Window or Pixmap.
+.TP 1i
+.ZN BadFont
+A value for a Font or GContext argument does not name a defined Font.
+.TP 1i
+.ZN BadGC
+A value for a GContext argument does not name a defined GContext.
+.TP 1i
+.ZN BadMatch
+An
+.ZN InputOnly
+window is used as a Drawable.
+.TP 1i
+.ZN BadMatch
+Some argument or pair of arguments has the correct type and range but fails
+to match in some other way required by the request.
+.TP 1i
+.ZN BadPixmap
+A value for a Pixmap argument does not name a defined Pixmap.
+.TP 1i
+.ZN BadValue
+Some numeric value falls outside the range of values accepted by the request.
+Unless a specific range is specified for an argument, the full range defined
+by the argument's type is accepted.  Any argument defined as a set of
+alternatives can generate this error.
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+AllPlanes(3X11),
+XCopyArea(3X11),
+XCreateRegion(3X11),
+XDrawArc(3X11),
+XDrawLine(3X11),
+XDrawRectangle(3X11),
+XDrawText(3X11),
+XFillRectangle(3X11),
+XQueryBestSize(3X11),
+XSetArcMode(3X11),
+XSetClipOrigin(3X11),
+XSetFillStyle(3X11),
+XSetFont(3X11),
+XSetLineAttributes(3X11),
+XSetState(3X11),
+XSetTile(3X11)
+.br
+\fI\*(xL\fP