Move Xprint protocol spec & overview man pages from xorg-docs

Signed-off-by: Alan Coopersmith <alan.coopersmith@sun.com>

2 files changed, 1048 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/man/Xprint.man b/man/Xprint.man
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/Xprint.man
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+.\" -*- coding: us-ascii -*-
+.TH Xprint __miscmansuffix__ "8 October 2004"  
+.SH NAME
+Xprint \- The "X print service" - a portable, network-transparent printing system based on the X11 protocol
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+Xprint is a very flexible, extensible, scaleable, client/server
+print system based on ISO 10175 (and some other specs) and the X11 
+rendering protocol. 
+Using Xprint an application can search, query and use devices like 
+printers, FAX machines or create documents in formats like PDF. 
+In particular, an application can seek a printer, query supported 
+attributes (like paper size, trays, fonts etc.), configure the printer 
+device to match it\(cqs needs and print on it like on any other X device 
+reusing parts of the code which is used for the video card Xserver. 
+.SH OVERVIEW
+The "X Print Service" technology allows X rendering to devices such as
+printers and fax. Most of the service is available in the X11
+technology stack as Xp, with the remainder in single toolkit stacks (e.g. DtPrint for CDE).
+Modifications have also been made to the LessTif/Motif/Qt technology
+stacks to support Xprint.
+.PP
+The Xp portion consists of:
+.TP 0.2i
+\(bu
+Xp Extension for the X-Server (included in the X-Server Xprt)
+.TP 0.2i
+\(bu
+Xp Extension API for the client side (libXp/libXprintUtils)
+.TP 0.2i
+\(bu
+PCL ddx driver that converts core X to native PCL
+.TP 0.2i
+\(bu
+PDF ddx driver that converts core X to native PDF
+.TP 0.2i
+\(bu
+PostScript ddx driver that converts core X to native PostScript
+.TP 0.2i
+\(bu
+Raster ddx driver that generates xwd rasters which can be converted to PCL, PDF or PostScript rasters
+.PP
+.PP
+From an X clients perspective, it can attach to one of two nearly
+identical X-Servers, a "Video" X-Server, and a "Print" X-Server
+which has the additional Xp capability but otherwise looks and
+behaves the same. 
+.SH "HOW THE X PRINT SERVICE WORKS"
+The X Print Service expands on the traditional X-Server and Xlib world
+in four ways.
+.TP 0.4i
+1.
+Most obvious is the use of "print ddx drivers" instead of
+"video ddx drivers". While a video ddx driver modifies pixels
+in a video frame buffer, a print ddx driver generates "page
+description language (PDL)" output (such as PCL, PDF or PostScript)
+or sends the print rendering instructions to a platform-specific
+print API (like Win32/GDI).
+
+Once a print ddx driver generates PDL output, it can be sent to
+a spooler such as \fBlp\fR(1)
+or retrieved by the client (to implement functionality like "print-to-file").
+
+Though not currently done, a single X-Server can support both
+print and video ddx drivers.
+.TP 0.4i
+2.
+Since printers support "paged" output, unlike video, a portion
+of the Xp Extension supports APIs to delineate printed output.
+For example, XpStartPage and XpEndPage tell the X-Server where
+a physical page starts and ends in an otherwise continuous
+stream of X rendering primitives. Likewise, XpStartJob and
+XpEndJob determine when a collection of pages starts and ends.
+XpEndJob typically causes the generated PDL to be submitted to
+a spooler, such as \fBlp\fR(1).
+.TP 0.4i
+3.
+Since printers have extensive capabilities, another portion of
+the Xp Extension supports APIs to manipulate "print contexts".
+
+Once a printer is selected using the Xp Extension API, a print
+context to represent it can be created. A print context
+embodies the printer selected - it contains the printer's
+default capabilities, selectable range of capabilities,
+printer state, and generated output. Some "attributes" within
+the print context can be modified by the user, and the
+X-Server and print ddx driver will react accordingly. For
+example, the attribute "content-orientation" can be set to
+"landscape" or "portrait" (if the printer supports these 
+values - which can be queried using the Xprint API as well).
+.TP 0.4i
+4.
+Since printers can have "built in" fonts, the Xp Extension in
+the X-Server works with the print ddx drivers to make
+available (for printing only) additional fonts on a per print
+context basis.
+
+When a print context is created and set for a given printer,
+the X font calls may be able to access additional printer
+fonts. To do this (typically), the X-Server must have access
+to "printer metric files" (.pmf) that describe at minimum the
+metrics of the built in fonts.
+.PP
+.SH USAGE
+There are three tasks to start the X Print Service:
+.TP 0.4i
+1.
+configuring the X Print Server,
+.TP 0.4i
+2.
+starting the X Print Service
+.TP 0.4i
+3.
+configuring the user session so that clients can find the running X Print Service
+.PP
+.PP
+The tasks are described in detail below.
+.SH "SERVER CONFIGURATION"
+The X Print Server (Xprt) can read a number of configuration files which
+control its behavior and support for printers. Each vendor platform has
+a default location for this information. Xprt can also read the
+environment variable \fBXPCONFIGDIR\fR to locate alternate configuration
+directories. Common settings include:
+
+export XPCONFIGDIR=/X11/lib/X11/XpConfig/
+.PP
+export XPCONFIGDIR=/proj/x11/xc/programs/Xserver/XpConfig/
+
+.PP
+Xprt has many built-in defaults, and lacking any configuration files,
+will immediately try to support all printers visible via \fBlpstat\fR(1).
+.PP
+In order of importance for configuration by a system administrator, the
+configuration files for a "C" locale are as follows (see \fBXprt\fR(__appmansuffix__) for more
+details (including support for non-"C" locales)):
+.TP 
+\fB${XPCONFIGDIR}/C/print/Xprinters\fR
+\&'Xprinters' is the top most configuration file. It tells
+Xprt which specific printer names (e.g. mylaser) should
+be supported, and whether \fBlpstat\fR(1) or other commands
+should be used to automatically supplement the list of
+printers.
+.TP 
+\fB${XPCONFIGDIR}/C/print/attributes/printer\fR
+The 'printer' file maps printer names to model
+configurations (see 'model-config' below). For example,
+"mylaser" could be mapped to a "HPDJ1600C", and all other
+arbitrary printers could be mapped to a default, such as
+"HPLJ4SI". When depending on \fBlpstat\fR(1) in the Xprinters
+file, setting up defaults in 'printer' becomes all the
+more important.
+.TP 
+\fB${XPCONFIGDIR}/C/print/attributes/document\fR
+The 'document' file specifies the initial document values
+for any print jobs. For example, which paper tray to
+use, what default resolution, etc.
+.TP 
+\fB${XPCONFIGDIR}/C/print/attributes/job\fR
+The 'job' file specifies the initial job values for any
+print jobs. For example, "notification-profile" can be
+set so that when a print job is successfully sent to a
+printer, e-mail is sent to the user.
+.TP 
+\fB${XPCONFIGDIR}/C/print/models/PSdefault/model\-config\fR, \fB${XPCONFIGDIR}/C/print/models/PSdefault/fonts/fonts.dir\fR, \fB${XPCONFIGDIR}/C/print/models/PSdefault/fonts/9nb00051.pmf\fR, \fB${XPCONFIGDIR}/C/print/models/PSdefault/fonts/9nb00093.pmf\fR
+The 'model-config' file has attributes that describe the
+printer model\(cqs capabilities and default settings.
+Printer model fonts may also be present. The model-config
+file also identifies the print ddx driver to be used.
+For each printer model supported, a complete hierarchy of
+files should exist. In most cases, these files do not
+need to be modified.
+.TP 
+\fB${XPCONFIGDIR}/C/print/ddx\-config/raster/pcl\fR, \fB${XPCONFIGDIR}/C/print/ddx\-config/raster/pdf\fR, \fB${XPCONFIGDIR}/C/print/ddx\-config/raster/postscript\fR
+The print ddx drivers can have highly specific
+configuration files to control their behavior. In most
+cases, these files do not need to be modified.
+.PP
+More information in how to configure and customize the X print server can be found in the
+\fBXprt\fR(__appmansuffix__)
+manual page.
+.SH "STARTING UP"
+The summary checklist for starting the X Print Service is as follows:
+.TP 0.4i
+1.
+Choose an execution model for the X Print Service. The X
+Print Service can be run on a per-user session basis, per
+machine basis, or can be run on a few machines globally
+available to a number of users.
+.TP 0.4i
+2.
+If print jobs are to be submitted to a spooler (almost always
+the case), make sure all needed printers are available to the
+spooler subsystem (most often \fBlp\fR(1))
+on the same machine running the X Print Service.
+.TP 0.4i
+3.
+Configure the X Print Server. See ``X Print Server
+Configuration''.
+.TP 0.4i
+4.
+Depending on #1, start the X Print Server process "Xprt", and
+then the toolkit-specific Print Dialog Manager Daemon process
+(such as CDEnext's "dtpdmd") at the appropriate times.
+Note that libXprintUtils-based applications/toolkits do not need
+a Print Dialog Manager Daemon process to use Xprint.
+.PP
+The details are described below.
+.PP
+Because the X Print Service is based on X, it can be easily distributed.
+The most significant factors in which execution model to choose will be
+driven by:
+.TP 0.2i
+\(bu
+how many printers will be accessable through the printer
+subsystem on any given machine. A system administrator may
+choose to cluster printers on a few given machines, or
+scatter them across an organization and possibly make
+extensive use of remote spoolers to make them globally
+available.
+.TP 0.2i
+\(bu
+how many machines will need a copy of the X Print Server
+configuration files. The files have been architected so
+that one super-set version of them can be maintained and
+distributed (e.g. via NFS), and a per-machine or per-user
+version of the `Xprinters' is all that is needed to have the
+appropriate information in them utilized or ignored.
+.TP 0.2i
+\(bu
+how many users can demand services from a given X Print
+Service.
+.PP
+With the above in mind, some obvious execution models include:
+.TP 0.2i
+\(bu
+Global - in this model, the system administrator is choosing
+to run the X Print Service on a *few* select machines with
+appropriate printers configured, and allow clients access to
+the global resource. This can centralize the administration
+of printers and configuration files, but may have to be
+monitored for performance loading.
+
+Startup would likely be done by boot-up scripts (such as \fB/etc/init.d/xprint\fR).
+.TP 0.2i
+\(bu
+Per-machine - every machine with potential X Print Service
+users would run the service. Printer and configuration file
+administration is decentralized, and usage would be limited
+to the users on the machine.
+
+Startup would likely be done by boot-up scripts (such as \fB/etc/init.d/xprint\fR).
+.TP 0.2i
+\(bu
+Per-user session - every user would run an entire X Print
+Service for themselves. In the future, the Video X Server
+normally started may contain Print X Server capability, so
+this model becomes very natural.
+
+Startup would likely be done at session login or by
+launching actions or processes manually once the user
+logs in. Note: Deamons like "dtpdmd" must be started after Xprt.
+.PP
+.PP
+Starting of the processes is straight forward. In strict order (example is for manually starting the X print server for CDEnext usage):
+.TP 0.4i
+1.
+
+.nf
+[machineA] % Xprt [\-XpFile <Xprinters file>] [:dispNum] &
+.fi
+
+
+Note that Xprt will look for configuration files in either
+a default location or where \fBXPCONFIGDIR\fR points.
+
+\fB\-XpFile\fR specifies an alternate `Xprinters' file, rather
+than the default one or `\fB${XPCONFIGDIR}/C/print/Xprinters\fR'.
+.TP 0.4i
+2.
+
+.nf
+[machineA] % dtpdmd \-d machineA[:dispNum] [\-l /tmp/dtpdmd.log] &
+.fi
+
+
+The dtpdmd will maintain an X-Selection on the X-Server,
+and will start dtpdm's as required to service requests.
+.PP
+.PP
+In all but the per-user session model, the machine running the dtpdmd
+(thus dtpdm's) will need display authorization to the users video
+display.
+.SH "CLIENT CONFIGURATION"
+Once a X Print Server and dtpdmd have been started -- many of them
+in some cases -- clients will need to find and use them. There are
+two mechanisms that allow clients to discover X Print Servers and
+printers.
+.TP 0.2i
+\(bu
+"X Print Specifier" - assuming usage of the DtPrint/XprintUtils-based print
+applications, the following notation is understood:
+
+
+.nf
+printer_name@machine[:dispNum]
+.fi
+
+
+For example:
+
+
+.nf
+colorlj7@printhub:2
+.fi
+
+
+In the above example, the X Print Server running at `printhub:2'
+is assumed to support the printer named `colorlj7'.
+.TP 0.2i
+\(bu
+\fB${XPSERVERLIST}\fR - assuming usage of the DtPrint print dialogs,
+the environment variable \fB${XPSERVERLIST}\fR can contain a list
+of X Print Servers. For example:
+
+
+.nf
+XPSERVERLIST="printhub:2 printhub:3 otherdept:0"
+.fi
+
+
+Then in the dialogs, only a printer name needs to be entered.
+The dialog will then search the X Print Servers in \fB${XPSERVERLIST}\fR
+for a server than supports the printer, and then establish
+contact.
+.PP
+.SH "END-USER SEQUENCE"
+From most CDEnext applications, printing is accomplished by bringing
+down the <File> menu and selecting <Print...>. This will result in
+the DtPrintSetupBox dialog, which will request the name of a printer,
+and offer limited capability to configure print options (e.g. number
+of copies). If the user wishes, they can select <Setup...>, which
+will start a dtpdm capable of modifying additional print options.
+Finally, the user should select <Print>.
+.SH ENVIRONMENT
+.TP 
+\fB${XPCONFIGDIR}\fR
+This environment variable points to the root
+of the Xprint server configuration directory hierarchy.
+If the variable is not defined, the default
+path is be assumed. The default path may be
+\fB/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/xserver/\fR, 
+\fB/usr/lib/X11/xserver/\fR,
+\fB/usr/share/Xprint/xserver/\fR or
+\fB/usr/openwin/server/etc/XpConfig\fR, depending on the
+system, and may be configured in \fB/etc/init.d/xprint\fR.
+.TP 
+\fB${LANG}\fR
+This environment variable selects the locale settings used by the Xprint server.
+Xprt allows language-specific settings (stored in \fB${XPCONFIGDIR}/${LANG}/print/\fR)
+which will override the default settings (stored in \fB${XPCONFIGDIR}/C/print/\fR).
+If \fB${LANG}\fR is not set "C" is assumed.
+.TP 
+\fB${XPSERVERLIST}\fR
+The environment variable \fB${XPSERVERLIST}\fR contains a list
+of display identifiers (separated by whitespace) which tell an
+application where it can find the Xprint servers. Usually
+\fB${XPSERVERLIST}\fR is set by the profile startup scripts (e.g.
+\fB/etc/profile\fR or \fB/etc/profile.d/xprint.sh\fR) using the output of
+\fB/etc/init.d/xprint get_xpserverlist\fR.
+
+Example: 
+
+.nf
+
+		export XPSERVERLIST="`/etc/init.d/xprint get_xpserverlist`"
+.fi
+
+
+Alternatively \fB${XPSERVERLIST}\fR can be set
+manually. Example:
+
+.nf
+
+		export XPSERVERLIST="littlecat:80 bitdog:72"
+.fi
+
+instructs an application to find an Xprint server at display
+80 on the machine "littlecat" and at display 72 on the
+machine bigdog.
+.TP 
+\fB${XPRINTER}\fR 
+The environment variable \fB${XPRINTER}\fR
+defines the default printer used by print
+applications. The syntax is either
+\fIprintername\fR or
+\fIprintername\fR@\fIdisplay\fR.
+
+Examples:
+.RS 
+.TP 
+\fBXPRINTER=ps003\fR
+tells an application to look for the
+first printer named "ps003" on all Xprint
+servers.
+.TP 
+\fBXPRINTER=hplaser19@littlecat:80\fR
+tells an application to use the printer "hplaser19"
+on the Xprint server at display 
+"littlecat:80".
+.RE
+
+
+If \fB${XPRINTER}\fR is not set the applications
+will examine the values of the \fB${PDPRINTER}\fR,
+\fB${LPDEST}\fR, and 
+\fB${PRINTER}\fR environment variables (in that order). 
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+\fBX11\fR(__miscmansuffix__), \fBxplsprinters\fR(__appmansuffix__), \fBxprehashprinterlist\fR(__appmansuffix__), \fBxphelloworld\fR(__appmansuffix__), \fBxpxmhelloworld\fR(__appmansuffix__), \fBxpawhelloworld\fR(__appmansuffix__), \fBxpxthelloworld\fR(__appmansuffix__), \fBxpsimplehelloworld\fR(__appmansuffix__), \fBXserver\fR(__appmansuffix__), \fBXprt\fR(__appmansuffix__), \fBlibXp\fR(__libmansuffix__), \fBlibXprintUtils\fR(__libmansuffix__), \fBlibXprintAppUtils\fR(__libmansuffix__), \fBXmPrintShell\fR(__libmansuffix__), \fBXawPrintShell\fR(__libmansuffix__), Xprint FAQ (http://xprint.mozdev.org/docs/Xprint_FAQ.html), Xprint main site (http://xprint.mozdev.org/)
+.SH AUTHORS
+This manual page was written by 
+Roland Mainz <roland.mainz@nrubsig.org> based on the original X11R6.6
+\fBxc/programs/Xserver/XpConfig/README\fR.
diff --git a/man/Xprint.sgml b/man/Xprint.sgml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1f7e0a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/Xprint.sgml
@@ -0,0 +1,627 @@
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V4.2//EN" 'http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd'>
+
+<!-- Process this file with docbook-to-man to generate an nroff manual
+     page: 'docbook-to-man manpage.sgml > manpage.1'.  You may view
+     the manual page with: 'docbook-to-man manpage.sgml | nroff -man | less'. 
+     A typical entry in a Makefile or Makefile.am is:
+
+manpage.1: manpage.sgml
+	docbook-to-man $< > $@
+
+HTML generation can be done like this:
+% xsltproc ==docbook /usr/share/sgml/docbook/docbook-xsl-stylesheets-1.60.1/html/docbook.xsl Xprint.sgml >Xprint.html
+  -->
+
+<refentry id="Xprint">
+  <refmeta>
+    <refentrytitle>Xprint</refentrytitle>
+    <manvolnum>__miscmansuffix__</manvolnum>
+  </refmeta>
+  <refnamediv>
+    <refname>Xprint</refname>
+
+    <refpurpose>The "X print service" - a portable, network-transparent printing system based on the X11 protocol</refpurpose>
+  </refnamediv>
+  <refsynopsisdiv>
+    <para>Xprint is a very flexible, extensible, scaleable, client/server
+     print system based on ISO 10175 (and some other specs) and the X11        
+     rendering protocol.                                                       
+     Using Xprint an application can search, query and use devices like        
+     printers, FAX machines or create documents in formats like PDF.           
+     In particular, an application can seek a printer, query supported         
+     attributes (like paper size, trays, fonts etc.), configure the printer    
+     device to match it&rsquo;s needs and print on it like on any other X device     
+     reusing parts of the code which is used for the video card Xserver.    
+    </para>
+  </refsynopsisdiv>
+  
+  <refsect1>
+    <title>OVERVIEW</title>
+    <para>
+      The "X Print Service" technology allows X rendering to devices such as
+      printers and fax.  Most of the service is available in the X11
+      technology stack as Xp, with the remainder in single toolkit stacks (e.g. DtPrint for CDE).
+      Modifications have also been made to the LessTif/Motif/Qt technology
+      stacks to support Xprint.
+    </para>
+    <para>
+      The Xp portion consists of:
+      <itemizedlist>
+        <listitem><para>Xp Extension for the X-Server (included in the X-Server Xprt)</para></listitem>
+        <listitem><para>Xp Extension API for the client side (libXp/libXprintUtils)</para></listitem>
+        <listitem><para>PCL ddx driver that converts core X to native PCL</para></listitem>
+        <listitem><para>PDF ddx driver that converts core X to native PDF</para></listitem>
+        <listitem><para>PostScript ddx driver that converts core X to native PostScript</para></listitem>
+        <listitem><para>Raster ddx driver that generates xwd rasters which can be converted to PCL, PDF or PostScript rasters</para></listitem>
+      </itemizedlist>
+    </para>
+    <para>
+      From an X clients perspective, it can attach to one of two nearly
+      identical X-Servers, a "Video" X-Server, and a "Print" X-Server
+      which has the additional Xp capability but otherwise looks and
+      behaves the same.   
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1>
+    <title>HOW THE X PRINT SERVICE WORKS</title>
+    <para>    
+      The X Print Service expands on the traditional X-Server and Xlib world
+      in four ways.
+
+      <orderedlist>
+        <listitem>
+          <para>
+            Most obvious is the use of "print ddx drivers" instead of
+            "video ddx drivers".  While a video ddx driver modifies pixels
+            in a video frame buffer, a print ddx driver generates "page
+            description language (PDL)" output (such as PCL, PDF or PostScript)
+            or sends the print rendering instructions to a platform-specific
+            print API (like Win32/GDI).
+          </para>
+          <para>
+            Once a print ddx driver generates PDL output, it can be sent to
+            a spooler such as <citerefentry><refentrytitle>lp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+            or retrieved by the client (to implement functionality like "print-to-file").
+          </para>
+          <para>
+            Though not currently done, a single X-Server can support both
+            print and video ddx drivers.
+            <!-- FIXME: IBM/AIX people have integrated Xprt into their main Xserver (currently experimental) ... -->
+          </para>
+        </listitem>
+        <listitem>
+          <para>
+            Since printers support "paged" output, unlike video, a portion
+            of the Xp Extension supports APIs to delineate printed output.
+            For example, <function>XpStartPage</function> and <function>XpEndPage</function> tell the X-Server where
+            a physical page starts and ends in an otherwise continuous
+            stream of X rendering primitives.  Likewise, <function>XpStartJob</function> and
+            <function>XpEndJob</function> determine when a collection of pages starts and ends.
+            <function>XpEndJob</function> typically causes the generated PDL to be submitted to
+            a spooler, such as <citerefentry><refentrytitle>lp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
+          </para>
+        </listitem>
+        <listitem>
+          <para>
+            Since printers have extensive capabilities, another portion of
+            the Xp Extension supports APIs to manipulate "print contexts".
+          </para>
+          <para>
+            Once a printer is selected using the Xp Extension API, a print
+            context to represent it can be created.  A print context
+            embodies the printer selected - it contains the printer's
+            default capabilities, selectable range of capabilities,
+            printer state, and generated output.  Some "attributes" within
+            the print context can be modified by the user, and the
+            X-Server and print ddx driver will react accordingly.  For
+            example, the attribute "content-orientation" can be set to
+            "landscape" or "portrait" (if the printer supports these 
+            values - which can be queried using the Xprint API as well).
+          </para>
+        </listitem>
+        <listitem>
+          <para>
+            Since printers can have "built in" fonts, the Xp Extension in
+            the X-Server works with the print ddx drivers to make
+            available (for printing only) additional fonts on a per print
+            context basis.
+          </para>
+          <para>
+            When a print context is created and set for a given printer,
+            the X font calls may be able to access additional printer
+            fonts.  To do this (typically), the X-Server must have access
+            to "printer metric files" (.pmf) that describe at minimum the
+            metrics of the built in fonts.
+          </para>
+        </listitem>
+      </orderedlist>
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1>
+    <title>USAGE</title>
+    <para>    
+      There are three tasks to start the X Print Service:
+      <orderedlist>
+        <listitem><para>configuring the X Print Server,</para></listitem>
+        <listitem><para>starting the X Print Service</para></listitem>
+        <listitem><para>configuring the user session so that clients can find the running X Print Service</para></listitem>
+      </orderedlist>
+    </para>
+    <para>
+      The tasks are described in detail below.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1>
+    <title>SERVER CONFIGURATION</title>
+    <para>
+      The X Print Server (Xprt) can read a number of configuration files which
+      control its behavior and support for printers.  Each vendor platform has
+      a default location for this information.  Xprt can also read the
+      environment variable <envar>XPCONFIGDIR</envar> to locate alternate configuration
+      directories.  Common settings include:
+
+      <simplelist type="vert">
+        <member>export XPCONFIGDIR=/X11/lib/X11/XpConfig/</member>
+        <member>export XPCONFIGDIR=/proj/x11/xc/programs/Xserver/XpConfig/</member>
+      </simplelist>
+    </para>
+    <para>
+      Xprt has many built-in defaults, and lacking any configuration files,
+      will immediately try to support all printers visible via <citerefentry><refentrytitle>lpstat</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
+    </para>
+    <para>
+      In order of importance for configuration by a system administrator, the
+      configuration files for a "C" locale are as follows (see <citerefentry><refentrytitle>Xprt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>__appmansuffix__</manvolnum></citerefentry> for more
+      details (including support for non-"C" locales)):
+      <variablelist>
+        <varlistentry>
+          <term><filename>${XPCONFIGDIR}/C/print/Xprinters</filename></term>
+          <listitem>
+            <para>
+              'Xprinters' is the top most configuration file.  It tells
+              Xprt which specific printer names (e.g.  mylaser) should
+              be supported, and whether <citerefentry><refentrytitle>lpstat</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> or other commands
+              should be used to automatically supplement the list of
+              printers.
+            </para>
+          </listitem>
+        </varlistentry>
+
+        <varlistentry>
+          <term><filename>${XPCONFIGDIR}/C/print/attributes/printer</filename></term>
+          <listitem>
+            <para>
+              The 'printer' file maps printer names to model
+              configurations (see 'model-config' below).  For example,
+              "mylaser" could be mapped to a "HPDJ1600C", and all other
+              arbitrary printers could be mapped to a default, such as
+              "HPLJ4SI".  When depending on <citerefentry><refentrytitle>lpstat</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> in the Xprinters
+              file, setting up defaults in 'printer' becomes all the
+              more important.
+            </para>
+          </listitem>
+        </varlistentry>
+
+        <varlistentry>
+          <term><filename>${XPCONFIGDIR}/C/print/attributes/document</filename></term>
+          <listitem>
+            <para>
+              The 'document' file specifies the initial document values
+              for any print jobs.  For example, which paper tray to
+              use, what default resolution, etc.
+            </para>
+          </listitem>
+        </varlistentry>
+
+        <varlistentry>
+          <term><filename>${XPCONFIGDIR}/C/print/attributes/job</filename></term>
+          <listitem>
+            <para>
+              The 'job' file specifies the initial job values for any
+              print jobs.  For example, "notification-profile" can be
+              set so that when a print job is successfully sent to a
+              printer, e-mail is sent to the user.
+            </para>
+          </listitem>
+        </varlistentry>
+
+        <varlistentry>
+          <term><filename>${XPCONFIGDIR}/C/print/models/PSdefault/model-config</filename></term>
+          <term><filename>${XPCONFIGDIR}/C/print/models/PSdefault/fonts/fonts.dir</filename></term>
+          <term><filename>${XPCONFIGDIR}/C/print/models/PSdefault/fonts/9nb00051.pmf</filename></term>
+          <term><filename>${XPCONFIGDIR}/C/print/models/PSdefault/fonts/9nb00093.pmf</filename></term>
+
+          <listitem>
+            <para>
+              The 'model-config' file has attributes that describe the
+              printer model&rsquo;s capabilities and default settings.
+              Printer model fonts may also be present.  The model-config
+              file also identifies the print ddx driver to be used.
+
+              For each printer model supported, a complete hierarchy of
+              files should exist.  In most cases, these files do not
+              need to be modified.
+            </para>
+          </listitem>
+        </varlistentry>
+
+        <varlistentry>
+          <term><filename>${XPCONFIGDIR}/C/print/ddx-config/raster/pcl</filename></term>
+          <term><filename>${XPCONFIGDIR}/C/print/ddx-config/raster/pdf</filename></term>
+          <term><filename>${XPCONFIGDIR}/C/print/ddx-config/raster/postscript</filename></term>
+
+          <listitem>
+            <para>
+              The print ddx drivers can have highly specific
+              configuration files to control their behavior.  In most
+              cases, these files do not need to be modified.
+            </para>
+          </listitem>
+        </varlistentry>
+      </variablelist>
+      
+      More information in how to configure and customize the X print server can be found in the
+      <citerefentry><refentrytitle>Xprt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>__appmansuffix__</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+      manual page.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1>
+    <title>STARTING UP</title>
+    <para>
+      The summary checklist for starting the X Print Service is as follows:
+      
+      <orderedlist>
+        <listitem>
+          <para>
+            Choose an execution model for the X Print Service.  The X
+            Print Service can be run on a per-user session basis, per
+            machine basis, or can be run on a few machines globally
+            available to a number of users.
+          </para>
+        </listitem>
+        <listitem>
+          <para>
+            If print jobs are to be submitted to a spooler (almost always
+            the case), make sure all needed printers are available to the
+            spooler subsystem (most often <citerefentry><refentrytitle>lp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>)
+            on the same machine running the X Print Service.
+          </para>
+        </listitem>
+        <listitem>
+          <para>
+            Configure the X Print Server.  See ``X Print Server
+            Configuration''.
+          </para>
+        </listitem>
+        <listitem>
+          <para>
+            Depending on #1, start the X Print Server process "Xprt", and
+            then the toolkit-specific Print Dialog Manager Daemon process
+            (such as CDEnext's "dtpdmd") at the appropriate times.
+            Note that libXprintUtils-based applications/toolkits do not need
+            a Print Dialog Manager Daemon process to use Xprint.
+          </para>
+        </listitem>
+      </orderedlist>     
+      The details are described below.
+    </para>
+    <para>
+      Because the X Print Service is based on X, it can be easily distributed.
+      The most significant factors in which execution model to choose will be
+      driven by:
+      <itemizedlist>
+        <listitem>
+          <para>
+            how many printers will be accessable through the printer
+            subsystem on any given machine.  A system administrator may
+            choose to cluster printers on a few given machines, or
+            scatter them across an organization and possibly make
+            extensive use of remote spoolers to make them globally
+            available.
+          </para>
+        </listitem>
+        <listitem>
+          <para>
+            how many machines will need a copy of the X Print Server
+            configuration files.  The files have been architected so
+            that one super-set version of them can be maintained and
+            distributed (e.g.  via NFS), and a per-machine or per-user
+            version of the `Xprinters' is all that is needed to have the
+            appropriate information in them utilized or ignored.
+          </para>
+        </listitem>
+        <listitem>
+          <para>
+            how many users can demand services from a given X Print
+            Service.
+          </para>
+        </listitem>
+      </itemizedlist>
+
+      With the above in mind, some obvious execution models include:
+      <itemizedlist>
+        <listitem>
+          <para>
+            Global - in this model, the system administrator is choosing
+            to run the X Print Service on a *few* select machines with
+            appropriate printers configured, and allow clients access to
+            the global resource.  This can centralize the administration
+            of printers and configuration files, but may have to be
+            monitored for performance loading.
+          </para>
+          <para>
+            Startup would likely be done by boot-up scripts (such as <filename>/etc/init.d/xprint</filename>).
+          </para>
+        </listitem>
+
+        <listitem>
+          <para>
+            Per-machine - every machine with potential X Print Service
+            users would run the service.  Printer and configuration file
+            administration is decentralized, and usage would be limited
+            to the users on the machine.
+          </para>
+          <para>
+            Startup would likely be done by boot-up scripts (such as <filename>/etc/init.d/xprint</filename>).
+          </para>
+        </listitem>
+
+        <listitem>
+          <para>
+            Per-user session - every user would run an entire X Print
+            Service for themselves.  In the future, the Video X Server
+            normally started may contain Print X Server capability, so
+            this model becomes very natural.
+          </para>
+          <para>
+            Startup would likely be done at session login or by
+            launching actions or processes manually once the user
+            logs in.  Note: Deamons like "dtpdmd" must be started after Xprt.
+          </para>
+        </listitem>
+      </itemizedlist>
+     </para>
+     <para>
+       Starting of the processes is straight forward.  In strict order (example is for manually starting the X print server for CDEnext usage):
+       <orderedlist>
+         <listitem>
+           <para>
+             <programlisting>[machineA] % Xprt [-XpFile &lt;Xprinters file&gt;] [:dispNum] &amp;</programlisting>
+           </para>
+           <para>
+             Note that Xprt will look for configuration files in either
+             a default location or where <envar>XPCONFIGDIR</envar> points.
+           </para>
+           <para>
+             <option>-XpFile</option> specifies an alternate `Xprinters' file, rather
+             than the default one or `<filename>${XPCONFIGDIR}/C/print/Xprinters</filename>'.
+           </para>
+         </listitem>
+         <listitem>
+           <para>
+             <programlisting>[machineA] % dtpdmd -d machineA[:dispNum] [-l /tmp/dtpdmd.log] &amp;</programlisting>
+           </para>
+           <para>
+            The dtpdmd will maintain an X-Selection on the X-Server,
+            and will start dtpdm's as required to service requests.
+           </para>
+         </listitem>
+       </orderedlist>
+     </para>
+     <para>
+       In all but the per-user session model, the machine running the dtpdmd
+       (thus dtpdm's) will need display authorization to the users video
+       display.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1>
+    <title>CLIENT CONFIGURATION</title>
+    <para>
+      Once a X Print Server and dtpdmd have been started -- many of them
+      in some cases -- clients will need to find and use them.  There are
+      two mechanisms that allow clients to discover X Print Servers and
+      printers.
+
+      <itemizedlist>
+        <listitem>
+          <para>
+            "X Print Specifier" - assuming usage of the DtPrint/XprintUtils-based print
+            applications, the following notation is understood:
+          </para>
+          <para>
+            <programlisting>printer_name@machine[:dispNum]</programlisting>
+          </para>
+          <para>
+            For example:
+          </para>
+          <para>
+            <programlisting>colorlj7@printhub:2</programlisting>
+          </para>
+          <para>
+           In the above example, the X Print Server running at `printhub:2'
+           is assumed to support the printer named `colorlj7'.
+          </para>
+        </listitem>
+        <listitem>
+          <para>
+            <envar>${XPSERVERLIST}</envar> - assuming usage of the DtPrint print dialogs,
+            the environment variable <envar>${XPSERVERLIST}</envar> can contain a list
+            of X Print Servers.  For example:
+          </para>
+          <para>
+            <programlisting>XPSERVERLIST="printhub:2 printhub:3 otherdept:0"</programlisting>
+          </para>
+          <para>
+            Then in the dialogs, only a printer name needs to be entered.
+            The dialog will then search the X Print Servers in <envar>${XPSERVERLIST}</envar>
+            for a server than supports the printer, and then establish
+            contact.
+          </para>
+        </listitem>
+      </itemizedlist>
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1>
+    <title>END-USER SEQUENCE</title>
+    <para>
+      From most CDEnext applications, printing is accomplished by bringing
+      down the &lt;File&gt; menu and selecting &lt;Print...&gt;.  This will result in
+      the DtPrintSetupBox dialog, which will request the name of a printer,
+      and offer limited capability to configure print options (e.g. number
+      of copies).  If the user wishes, they can select &lt;Setup...&gt;, which
+      will start a dtpdm capable of modifying additional print options.
+      Finally, the user should select &lt;Print&gt;.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1>
+    <title>ENVIRONMENT</title>
+    <variablelist>
+      <varlistentry>
+        <term><envar>${XPCONFIGDIR}</envar></term>
+        <listitem>
+          <para> This environment variable points to the  root
+	    of  the Xprint server configuration directory hierarchy.
+	    If the variable is not defined,  the  default
+	    path  is be assumed.  The default path may be
+            <filename>/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/xserver/</filename>, 
+            <filename>/usr/lib/X11/xserver/</filename>,
+            <filename>/usr/share/Xprint/xserver/</filename> or
+            <filename>/usr/openwin/server/etc/XpConfig</filename>, depending on the
+	    system, and may be configured in <filename>/etc/init.d/xprint</filename>.</para>
+        </listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+
+      <varlistentry>
+        <term><envar>${LANG}</envar></term>
+        <listitem>
+          <para>
+            This environment variable selects the locale settings used by the Xprint server.
+            Xprt allows language-specific settings (stored in <filename>${XPCONFIGDIR}/${LANG}/print/</filename>)
+            which will override the default settings (stored in <filename>${XPCONFIGDIR}/C/print/</filename>).
+            If <envar>${LANG}</envar> is not set "C" is assumed.
+          </para>
+        </listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+      
+      <varlistentry>
+        <term><envar>${XPSERVERLIST}</envar></term>
+        <listitem>
+	    <para>The environment variable <envar>${XPSERVERLIST}</envar> contains a list
+	    of display identifiers (separated by whitespace) which tell an
+	    application where it can find the Xprint servers.  Usually
+	    <envar>${XPSERVERLIST}</envar> is set by the profile startup scripts (e.g.
+	    <filename>/etc/profile</filename> or <filename>/etc/profile.d/xprint.sh</filename>) using the output of
+	    <userinput>/etc/init.d/xprint get_xpserverlist</userinput>.</para>
+	  <para>Example: 
+	    <informalexample>
+	      <programlisting>
+		export XPSERVERLIST="`/etc/init.d/xprint get_xpserverlist`"</programlisting>
+	    </informalexample>
+	  </para>
+	  <para>Alternatively <envar>${XPSERVERLIST}</envar> can be set
+	    manually. Example:</para>
+	    <informalexample>
+	      <programlisting>
+		export XPSERVERLIST="littlecat:80 bitdog:72"</programlisting>
+	    </informalexample>
+	  <para>
+	    instructs an application to find an Xprint server at display
+	    80 on the machine "littlecat" and at display 72 on the
+	    machine bigdog.
+	  </para>
+	</listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+
+      <varlistentry>
+        <term><envar>${XPRINTER}</envar>
+        </term>
+        <listitem>
+          <para>The environment variable <envar>${XPRINTER}</envar>
+	    defines the default printer used by print
+	    applications. The syntax is either
+	    <replaceable>printername</replaceable> or
+	    <replaceable>printername</replaceable>@<replaceable>display</replaceable>.</para>
+	    <para>Examples:
+	    <variablelist>
+	      <varlistentry>
+		<term><userinput>XPRINTER=ps003</userinput></term>
+		<listitem><para>
+		  tells an application to look for the
+		  first printer named "ps003" on all Xprint
+		  servers.</para>
+		</listitem>
+	      </varlistentry>
+	
+	      <varlistentry>
+		<!-- brain dead <term> does not permit quote marks
+		(in XPRINTER="hplaser19@littlecat:80"), so omit them -->
+		<term><userinput>XPRINTER=hplaser19@littlecat:80</userinput></term>
+		<listitem><para>
+		  tells an application to use the printer "hplaser19"
+		on the Xprint server at display 
+		  "littlecat:80".</para>
+	      </listitem>
+	      </varlistentry>
+
+	    </variablelist>
+	  </para>
+	  <para>If <envar>${XPRINTER}</envar> is not set the applications
+	    will examine the values of the <envar>${PDPRINTER}</envar>,
+	    <envar>${LPDEST}</envar>, and 
+	    <envar>${PRINTER}</envar> environment variables (in that order).  
+	  </para>
+        </listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1>
+    <title>SEE ALSO</title>
+    <para>
+      <simplelist type="inline">
+        <!-- specific references -->
+        <!-- none -->
+        
+        <!-- Xprint general references -->
+<!--
+        <member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>Xprint</refentrytitle><manvolnum>__miscmansuffix__</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
+-->
+        <member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>X11</refentrytitle><manvolnum>__miscmansuffix__</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
+        <member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>xplsprinters</refentrytitle><manvolnum>__appmansuffix__</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
+        <member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>xprehashprinterlist</refentrytitle><manvolnum>__appmansuffix__</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
+        <member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>xphelloworld</refentrytitle><manvolnum>__appmansuffix__</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
+        <member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>xpxmhelloworld</refentrytitle><manvolnum>__appmansuffix__</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
+        <member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>xpawhelloworld</refentrytitle><manvolnum>__appmansuffix__</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
+        <member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>xpxthelloworld</refentrytitle><manvolnum>__appmansuffix__</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
+        <member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>xpsimplehelloworld</refentrytitle><manvolnum>__appmansuffix__</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
+        <member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>Xserver</refentrytitle><manvolnum>__appmansuffix__</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
+        <member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>Xprt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>__appmansuffix__</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
+        <!-- ToDO: Add manual pages for the single Xprint DDX implementations (PostScript/PDF/PCL/PCL-MONO/Raster/etc.) -->
+        <member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>libXp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>__libmansuffix__</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
+        <member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>libXprintUtils</refentrytitle><manvolnum>__libmansuffix__</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
+        <member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>libXprintAppUtils</refentrytitle><manvolnum>__libmansuffix__</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
+        <member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>XmPrintShell</refentrytitle><manvolnum>__libmansuffix__</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
+        <member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>XawPrintShell</refentrytitle><manvolnum>__libmansuffix__</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
+        <member>Xprint FAQ (<ulink url="http://xprint.mozdev.org/docs/Xprint_FAQ.html">http://xprint.mozdev.org/docs/Xprint_FAQ.html</ulink>)</member>
+        <member>Xprint main site (<ulink url="http://xprint.mozdev.org/">http://xprint.mozdev.org/</ulink>)</member>
+      </simplelist>
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1>
+    <title>AUTHORS</title>
+    <para>
+      This manual page was written by 
+      Roland Mainz <email>roland.mainz@nrubsig.org</email> based on the original X11R6.6
+      <filename>xc/programs/Xserver/XpConfig/README</filename>.
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+</refentry>
+